Publications HAL de la structure Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés

2019

titre
Optimization of sensors based on encapsulated algae for pesticide detection in water
auteur
Antoine Gosset, Víctor Oestreicher, Mercedes Perullini, Sara Bilmes, Matias Jobbagy, Sophie Dulhoste, Rémy Bayard, Claude Durrieu
article
Analytical Methods, 2019, 11 (48), pp.6193-6203. ⟨10.1039/C9AY02145K⟩
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Pesticides represent a significant source of contamination for urban and suburban surface, ground and seawaters. Whole-cell algal biosensors are sensitive, cheap and adaptable early-warning systems, which are capable of detecting pesticides both in situ and continuously in discharges and receiving ecosystems. Here we designed and optimized a new biosensor with a microalgae immobilization method based on double encapsulation in alginate beads/silica gel, which has been proven safe for algae in previous studies. Pesticide detection was assessed by chlorophyll fluorescence disturbance using the two algae strains Chlorella vulgaris and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Three pesticides (diuron, atrazine and isoproturon) were used to optimize and assess the sensor's performance. The first step was to select the optimal silica hydrogel (based on porosity and optical properties) to design the sensor. Two parameters were adjusted to obtain the best contact between microalgae and pesticides, optimizing pesticide detection: algal concentrations in the alginate beads and thickness of the silica gel around the algal beads. Finally, the biosensor's performance was assessed with pesticide solutions and the lowest detection limit was obtained with C. vulgaris exposed to diuron (10 μg L−1)
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DOI : 10.1039/C9AY02145K
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Geographic isolation and climatic variability contribute to genetic differentiation in fragmented populations of the long-lived subalpine conifer Pinus cembra L. in the western Alps
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Endre Gy Tóth, Francine Tremblay, Johann Housset, Yves Bergeron, Christopher Carcaillet
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BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2019, 19 (1), ⟨10.1186/s12862-019-1510-4⟩
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DOI : 10.1186/s12862-019-1510-4
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titre
Thirty-three years (1986–2019) of fossil plant cuticle studies using transmission electron microscopy: A review
auteur
Gaëtan Guignard
article
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2019, 271, pp.104097. ⟨10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.07.002⟩
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DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.07.002
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02370363/file/S0034666719300491.pdf BibTex
titre
Diet of autochthonous populations in Yakutia using isotopic, ethnographic, historical and archaeological data
auteur
Liubomira Romanova, Vincent Balter, Laurent Simon, Patrice Gérard, Nadejda Pokatilova, Eric Crubézy
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Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2019, 28, pp.102022. ⟨10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102022⟩
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DOI : 10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102022
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02344288/file/S2352409X19303189.pdf BibTex
titre
De l’intérêt de coupler méthodes géophysiques et carottages sédimentaires pour l’étude des sédiments fluviaux
auteur
Sophia Vauclin, Brice Mourier, Thierry Winiarski
article
TSM. Techniques Sciences Méthodes – Génie urbain, génie rural, 2019, 11, pp.33-49. ⟨10.36904/tsm/201911033⟩
resume
Cet article vise à démontrer l’intérêt scientifique et opérationnel de coupler de façon systématique carottages et méthodes géophysiques pour l’étude et la gestion de sédiments fluviaux. Deux techniques géophysiques sont présentées, car particulièrement adaptées au contexte fluvial : le radar géologique ou GPR (ground penetrating radar) est fondé sur l’émission d’ondes électromagnétiques et permet d’obtenir une image des structures sédimentaires superficielles à terre ou en eau peu profonde, tandis que le sondeur de sédiment (ou sub bottom profiler) est une méthode acoustique qui s’utilise en contexte aquatique uniquement, généralement dans des profondeurs d’eau plus importantes que le GPR. La mise en œuvre des méthodes géophysiques demande peu d’efforts logistiques et donne des informations sur la géométrie du sous-sol avec une très bonne résolution, mais ne permet pas une caractérisation des sédiments. Les carottes sédimentaires – prélevées à terre ou en eau – peuvent être échantillonnées et analysées, ce qui permet une caractérisation des sédiments (granulométrie, chimie, teneur en matière organique, datation, etc.) ponctuelle dans l’espace. Les deux approches sont donc complémentaires et leur couplage permet d’étendre la caractérisation des carottes à l’ensemble des structures identifiées par les sondages géophysiques. Pour illustrer ce propos, la démarche est appliquée à un ouvrage hydraulique, où une combinaison de cinq profils GPR et trois carottes sédimentaires suffit pour identifier et représenter en trois dimensions l’ensemble des structures sédimentaires, déterminer la chronologie de remplissage de l’aménagement et calculer et localiser les volumes de sédiments plus ou moins pollués en polychlorobiphényles indicateurs (PCBi).
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DOI : 10.36904/tsm/201911033
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titre
Does spatial heterogeneity of hyporheic fauna vary similarly with natural and artificial changes in braided river width?
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Pierre Marmonier, Marie-José Olivier, Michel Creuzé Des Châtelliers, Frédéric Paran, Didier Graillot, Thierry Winiarski, Lara Konecny-Dupré, Simon Navel, Laurent Cadilhac
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Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 689, pp.57-69. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.352⟩
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Journal articles
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DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.352
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02339343/file/S0048969719329250.pdf BibTex
titre
Grazing high and low: Can we detect horse altitudinal mobility using high‐resolution isotope ( δ 13 C and δ 15 N values) time series in tail hair? A case study in the Mongolian Altai
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Nicolas Lazzerini, Aurélie Coulon, Laurent Simon, Charlotte Marchina, Bayarkhuu Noost, Sébastien Lepetz, Antoine Zazzo
article
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2019, 33 (19), pp.1512-1526. ⟨10.1002/rcm.8496⟩
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Rationale Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope time series performed in continuously growing tissues (hair, tooth enamel) are commonly used to reconstruct the dietary history of modern and ancient animals. Predicting the effects of altitudinal mobility on animal δ13C and δ15N values remains difficult as several variables such as temperature, water availability or soil type can contribute to the isotope composition. Modern references adapted to the region of interest are therefore essential.MethodsBetween June 2015 and July 2018, six free‐ranging domestic horses living in the Mongolian Altaï were fitted with GPS collars. Tail hairs were sampled each year, prepared for sequential C and N isotope analysis using EA‐IRMS. Isotopic variations were compared with altitudinal mobility, and Generalized Additive Mixed (GAMMs) models were used to model the effect of geographic and environmental factors on δ13C and δ15N values.ResultsLess than half of the pasture changes were linked with a significant isotopic shift while numerous isotopic shifts did not correspond to any altitudinal mobility. Similar patterns of δ13C and δ15N variations were observed between the different horses, despite differences in mobility patterns. We propose that water availability as well as seasonal availability of N2 fixing type plants primarily controlled horse hair δ13C and δ15N values, overprinting the influence of altitude.ConclusionsOur study shows that altitudinal mobility is not the main factor that drives the variations in horse tail hair δ13C and δ15N values and that seasonal change in the animal dietary preference also plays an important role. It is therefore risky to interpret variations in δ13C and δ15N values of animal tissues in terms of altitudinal mobility alone, at least in C3–dominated environments.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1002/rcm.8496
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Combined spatial and retrospective analysis of fluoroalkyl chemicals in fluvial sediments reveal changes in levels and patterns over the last 40 years
auteur
Brice Mourier, P. Labadie, Marc Desmet, Cécile Grosbois, Julie Raux, Maxime Debret, Yoann Copard, P. Pardon, H. Budzinski, M. Babut
article
Environmental Pollution, 2019, 253 (253), pp.1117-1125. ⟨10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.079⟩
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Bed sediments and a dated sediment core were collected upstream and downstream from the city of Lyon (France) to assess the spatial and temporal trends of contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in this section of the Rhône River. Upstream from Lyon, concentrations of total PFASs (ΣPFASs) in sediments are low (between 0.19 and 2.6 ng g−1 dry weight - dw), being characterized by a high proportion of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Downstream from Lyon, and also from a fluoropolymer manufacturing plant, ΣPFASs concentrations reach 48.7 ng g−1 dw. A gradual decrease of concentrations is reported at the coring site further downstream (38 km). Based on a dated sediment core, the temporal evolution of PFASs is reconstructed from 1984 to 2013. Prior to 1987, ΣPFASs concentrations were low (≤2 ng g−1 dw), increasing to a maximum of 51 ng g−1 dw in the 1990s and then decreasing from 2002 to the present day (∼10 ng g−1 dw). In terms of the PFAS pattern, the proportion of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) has remained stable since the 1980s (∼10%), whereas large variations are reported for carboxylic acids (PFCAs). Long chain- (C > 8) PFCAs characterized by an even number of perfluorinated carbons represent about 74% of the total PFAS load until 2005. However, from 2005 to 2013, the relative contribution of long chain- (C > 8) PFCAs with an odd number of perfluorinated carbons reaches 80%. Such changes in the PFAS pattern likely highlight a major shift in the industrial production process. This spatial and retrospective study provides valuable insights into the long-term contamination patterns of PFAS chemicals in river basins impacted by both urban and industrial activities.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.079
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https://hal.science/hal-02282820/file/pub00061872.pdf BibTex
titre
Cuticle ultrastructure in Brachyphyllum garciarum sp. nov (Lower Cretaceous, Argentina) reveals its araucarian affinity
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Martin Carrizo, Maiten Lafuente Diaz, Georgina del Fueyo, Gaëtan Guignard
article
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2019, 269, pp.104-128. ⟨10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.06.014⟩
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DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.06.014
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titre
Allometry of mitochondrial efficiency is set by metabolic intensity
auteur
Mélanie Boël, Caroline Romestaing, Yann Voituron, Damien Roussel
article
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019, 286 (1911), pp.20191693. ⟨10.1098/rspb.2019.1693⟩
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DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2019.1693
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Erythroid differentiation displays a peak of energy consumption concomitant with glycolytic metabolism rearrangements
auteur
Angélique Richard, Elodie Vallin, Caroline Romestaing, Damien Roussel, Olivier Gandrillon, Sandrine Gonin-Giraud
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PLoS ONE, 2019, 14 (9), pp.e0221472. ⟨10.1371/journal.pone.0221472⟩
resume
Our previous single-cell based gene expression analysis pointed out significant variations of LDHA level during erythroid differentiation. Deeper investigations highlighted that a metabolic switch occurred along differentiation of erythroid cells. More precisely we showed that self-renewing progenitors relied mostly upon lactate-productive glycolysis, and required LDHA activity, whereas differentiating cells, mainly involved mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). These metabolic rearrangements were coming along with a particular temporary event, occurring within the first 24h of erythroid differentiation. The activity of glycolytic metabolism and OXPHOS rose jointly with oxgene consumption dedicated to ATP production at 12-24h of the differentiation process before lactate-productive glycolysis sharply fall down and energy needs decline. Finally, we demonstrated that the metabolic switch mediated through LDHA drop and OXPHOS upkeep might be necessary for erythroid differentiation. We also discuss the possibility that metabolism, gene expression and epigenetics could act together in a circular manner as a driving force for differentiation.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0221472
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02318812/file/main.pdf BibTex
titre
Water Flow Variability Affects Adsorption and Oxidation of Ciprofloxacin onto Hematite
auteur
Lian Zhou, Sebastien Martin, Wei Cheng, Laurent Lassabatère, Jean-François Boily, Khalil Hanna
article
Environmental Science and Technology, 2019, 53 (17), pp.10102-10109. ⟨10.1021/acs.est.9b03214⟩
resume
The mobility of pharmaceuticals in environmental systems is under great scrutiny in the scientific literature and in the press. Still, very few reports have focused on redox-driven transformations when these compounds are bound to mineral surfaces, and how their transport is affected under flow-through conditions. In this study, we examined the adsorption and electron transfer reactions of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in a dynamic column containing nanosized hematite (α-Fe2O3). CIP binding and the subsequent redox transformation were strongly dependent on inflow pH and residence time. These reactions could be predicted using transport models that account for adsorption and transformation kinetics. Our results show that flow interruption over a 16 h period triggers oxidation of hematite-bound CIP into byproducts. These reactions are likely facilitated by inner-sphere iron–CIP complexes formed via the sluggish conversion from outer-sphere complexes during interrupted flow. When intermittent flow/no-flow conditions were applied sequentially, a second byproduct was detected in the column effluent. This work sheds light on a much overseen aspect of redox transformations of antibiotics under flow-through conditions. It has important implications in adequately predicting transport, and in developing risk assessments of these emerging compounds in the environment.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1021/acs.est.9b03214
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https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-02280838/file/Hanna_et%20al_2019_Water%20Flow%20Variability%20Affects%20Adsorption_accepted.pdf BibTex
titre
Do Dialytrichia mucronata and D. saxicola Share the Same Ecological Preferences?A Case Study in the Rhône Valley (France) and Possible Application for River Incision Biomonitoring
auteur
Marc Philippe, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere, Vincent Hugonnot
article
Cryptogamie Bryologie, 2019, 40 (13), pp.141. ⟨10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2019v40a13⟩
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DOI : 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2019v40a13
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Cuticle ultrastructure of Baiera furcata from Northeast China and its implication in taxonomy and paleoenvironment
auteur
Gaëtan Guignard, Xiao-Ju Yang, Yong-Dong Wang
article
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2019, 268, pp.95-108. ⟨10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.05.006⟩
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DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.05.006
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Invertebrate community responses to urban wastewater effluent pollution under different hydro-morphological conditions
auteur
Jordi-René Mor, Sylvain Dolédec, Vicenç Acuna, Sergi Sabater, Isabel Munoz
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Environmental Pollution, 2019, 252, pp.483-492. ⟨10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.114⟩
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Urban wastewater effluents bring large amounts of nutrients, organic matter and organic micro- contaminants into freshwater ecosystems. The effects of this complex mixture of pollutants on fresh- water invertebrates have been studied mainly in temperate rivers and streams with high dilution capacities. In contrast, Mediterranean streams and rivers have lower dilution capacities especially during the seasonal drought, and are therefore exposed to high concentrations of pollutants. Here, we assess the effects of urban wastewater pollution on invertebrate communities from Mediterranean streams under different hydrological conditions. Specifically, we assessed the invertebrates taxonomic composition and functional biological traits in 12 streams, differing in stream and substrate size (sand or cobbles), under low (2 surveys) and baseflow (1 survey) conditions. In each stream, we selected reaches both upstream and downstream of the wastewater discharge point. Our results indicate that urban wastewater pollution favours the most tolerant invertebrate taxa and homogenises functional trait composition over time. Changes in functional traits were more evident during the seasonal drought, when the low flow con- ditions at the upstream and downstream sites were more severe and, pollutant concentrations down- stream were at their highest. However, the effects of urban wastewater pollution were not uniform in the downstream sites; as local invertebrate communities differed in according to the river substrate and stream size (i.e., width and discharge). Overall, urban pollution caused by wastewater enhanced both, taxonomic and functional differences between the invertebrate communities. Such an absence of homogenisation among wastewater pollution impacted sites was probably related to the relevant role of stream substrate-size as well flow conditions in the rivers receiving the impact. These are attributes that need to be considered when setting the pollutant discharge limits in rivers and streams receiving effluents.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.114
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Muscle bioenergetics of two emblematic Mediterranean fish species: Sardina pilchardus and Sparus aurata
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Loïc Teulier, Thoral Elisa, Quentin Queiros, David J Mckenzie, Damien Roussel, Gilbert Dutto, Eric Gasset, Jérôme Bourjea, Claire Saraux
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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2019, 235, pp.174-179. ⟨10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.06.008⟩
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We investigated links between swimming behavior and muscle bioenergetics in two emblematic Mediterranean fish species that have very different ecologies and activity levels. European sardines Sardina pilchardus are pe- lagic, they swim aerobically, school constantly and have high muscle fat content. Gilthead seabream Sparus aurata are bentho-pelagic, they show discontinuous spontaneous swimming patterns and store less fat in their muscle. Estimating the proportion of red and white muscle phenotypes, sardine exhibited a larger proportion of red muscle (~10% of the body mass) compared to gilthead seabream (~5% of the body mass). We firstly studied red and white muscle fiber bioenergetics, using high-resolution respirometers, showing a 4-fold higher oxidation capacity for red compared to white muscle. Secondly, we aimed to compare the red muscle ability to oxidize either lipids or carbohydrates. Sardine red muscle had a 3-fold higher oxidative capacity than gilthead seabream and a greater capacity to oxidize lipids. This study provides novel insights into physiological mechanisms un- derlying the different lifestyles of these highly-prized species.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.06.008
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02165039/file/S1095643319301461.pdf BibTex
titre
Biological denitrification inhibition (BDI) in the field: A strategy to improve plant nutrition and growth
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William Galland, Florence Piola, Alexandre Burlet, Céline Mathieu, Mélisande Nardy, Sophie Poussineau, Leslie Blazère, Jonathan Gervaix, Sara Puijalon, Simon Laurent, Feth El Zahar Haichar
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Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2019, 136, pp.107513. ⟨10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.06.009⟩
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Nitrogen is one of the factors limiting in plant growth, is naturally present in soils, and is mainly assimilated as nitrate and ammonium by plants. However, soil nitrate is also used by denitrifying bacteria, which reduce it to N2O (a greenhouse gas) and N-2. Therefore, plants are in direct competition with these bacteria for the assimilation of nitrate. Recently, our research team has highlighted a strategy developed by some plants consisting of the production of secondary metabolites (procyanidins) that inhibit the denitrification activity of microbial communities in soils, referred to as BDI for biological denitrification inhibition (BDI). This strategy could make nitrate more available in the soil, which may then be used by plants for their growth. However, the extent to which procyanidins can affect plant growth and nutrition via BDI under field conditions has not yet been investigated. In this study, we tested the effect of procyanidins exogenously applied in the field on the nutrition and growth of cos or romaine lettuce crops (Lactuca saliva) nutrition and growth. Procyanidins were added to growing lettuce at 8, 42, 83 and 210 kg ha(-1). Soil denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), nitrate concentration, above- and below-ground lettuce traits and the abundance of total bacteria and denitrifiers were measured in lettuces treated or untreated with procyanidins. Our results showed that the addition of procyanidins in the field at 210 kg ha(-1) resulted in: (1) the inhibition of microbial denitrification activity and counter-selection of denitrifiers in the root-adhering soil of lettuce and (2) an increase in available nitrate and a significant gain in plant productivity. This study allowed us to propose for the short term the development of a more environmentally friendly method of sustainable agriculture by limiting fertilizer inputs, nitrogen losses from the soil, and greenhouse gas emissions while increasing plant growth and productivity.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.06.009
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02178654/file/Galland2019-SBB-HAL.pdf BibTex
titre
Extending Janzen’s hypothesis to temperate regions: A test using subterranean ecosystems
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Stefano Mammola, Elena Piano, Florian Malard, Philippe Vernon, Marco Isaia
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Functional Ecology, 2019, 33 (9), pp.1638-1650. ⟨10.1111/1365-2435.13382⟩
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1. Janzen’s hypothesis (1967; American Naturalist) predicts that tropical habitats with reduced thermal seasonality would select for species with narrow thermal tolerance, thereby limiting dispersal among sites of different elevations showing little overlap in temperature. These predictions have so far been tested by confronting tropical and temperate mountain communities, leaving unresolved the question of their generalization to habitats with low thermal seasonality outside the tropics. 2. We provide the first extension of Janzen’s hypothesis to temperate habitats, by testing for differences in thermal tolerance and elevational range among congeneric alpine spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Troglohyphantes) occurring along a steep gradient of decreasing thermal seasonality with increasing cave depth. Using species from the same temperate region rather than from distinct biogeographic regions avoids confounding the effects of short‐ and long‐term climatic variability on thermal tolerance and elevational range extent. 3. Following Jansen’s assumptions, we predicted that cave habitats with low thermal seasonality would select for narrow thermal tolerance. Also, specialized subterranean species would exhibit both narrower elevational range extents and smaller realized thermal niche breadths. Initially, we showed that thermal seasonality and the overlap in temperature across caves were considerably lower in deep than in shallow cave habitats. Then, we measured thermal tolerance and used morphological traits to quantify the degree of specialization to subterranean life of 11 spider species. 4. We found that thermal tolerance decreased with increasing subterranean specialization. Deep subterranean species reached their critical temperature at 1–4°C above their habitat temperature, whereas shallow subterranean species withstood a twofold larger temperature increase. At last, we demonstrated that a species’ elevational range extent and the variation of temperature encountered across its range decreased with increasing specialization to deep subterranean life. 5. Our integrative work, being grounded in organismal and habitat measures, represents the first generalization of Janzen’s framework to caves and provides a conceptual framework to disentangle the effect of long‐term climate variability on subterranean biodiversity patterns. Extending Janzen’s thoughts to a broader range of ecosystems is key to understanding how the ecological specialization–dispersal trade‐off may constrain the response of species to climate change.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/1365-2435.13382
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https://univ-rennes.hal.science/hal-02181396/file/Mammola%20et%20al-Extending%20Janzen%27s%20hypothesis%20to%20temperate%20regions.pdf BibTex
titre
Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters (BEST) across soils and scales
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Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, V. Bagarello, Simone Di Prima, Antoine Gosset, M. Iovino, Laurent Lassabatère
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Journal of Hydrology, 2019, 576, pp.239-261. ⟨10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.06.007⟩
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DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.06.007
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The role of associative learning process on the response of fledgling great tits (Parus major) to mobbing calls
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Mylène Dutour, Jean-Paul Léna, Adeline Dumet, Vanessa Gardette, Nathalie Mondy, Thierry Lengagne
article
Animal Cognition, 2019, 22 (6), pp.1095-1103. ⟨10.1007/s10071-019-01301-1⟩
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When they detect a predator, many species emit antipredator vocalizations. In some cases, they emit mobbing calls, which are associated with the caller approaching and harassing the predator while attracting others to join it. Surprisingly, although mobbing has been widely reported in adults of numerous species, there has been no test of the role of learning in mobbing call recognition, especially during ontogeny. Here, we exposed wild great tit (Parus major) nestlings to playbacks of an unthreatening, novel sound either associated with conspecific mobbing calls (experimental treatment) or with another unthreatening novel sound (control treatment). We then tested them as nestlings and fledglings to see how responses to the novel sound compared to conspecific mobbing calls. Results revealed that fledglings in the experimental treatment behaved similarly to conspecific mobbing calls and the novel sound associated with conspecific mobbing calls. Because mobbing efficiency is often linked to interspecific communication, associative learning should be used by heterospecifics as a mobbing calls recognition mechanism. Regardless of treatment during the nestling phase, fledglings always were sensitive to the playback of conspecific mobbing calls. However, fledglings from the control group were more likely to approach the loudspeaker than those from the experimental group when mobbing calls were played, suggesting that overexposure during the nestling phase altered mobbing learning. Overall, these results suggest that learning could play a role in the recognition of calls, like heterospecific mobbing calls, when paired with conspecific mobbing, and that mobbing is perceived as a threatening stimulus from a very young age.
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DOI : 10.1007/s10071-019-01301-1
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02328411/file/article6.pdf BibTex
titre
Genome Sequences of Three Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Strains and One Nocardia asteroides Strain
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Florian Vautrin, Emmanuelle Bergeron, Audrey Dubost, Danis Abrouk, Christophe Martin, Benoit Cournoyer, Vanessa Louzier, Thierry Winiarski, Veronica Rodriguez-Nava, Petar Pujic
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Microbiology Resource Announcements, 2019, 8 (33), pp.e00600-19. ⟨10.1128/MRA.00600-19⟩
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We report four draft genome sequences of Nocardia spp. The strains are the Nocardia cyriacigeorgica DSM 44484 pathogenic type strain; two environmental isolates, Nocardia cyriacigeorgica EML446 and EML1456; and the Nocardia asteroides ATCC 19247 nonpathogenic type strain, with estimated genome sizes of 6.3 to 6.8 Mb. The study of these isolates will provide insight into physiology, evolution, and pathogenicity of Nocardia spp.
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DOI : 10.1128/MRA.00600-19
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https://hal.science/hal-02386389/file/2019_Vautrin_Microb_Res_Announ_1.pdf BibTex
titre
Alloparental care in the sea: Brood parasitism and adoption within and between two species of coral reef Altrichthys damselfish?
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Juliette Tariel-Adam, Gary Longo, Angela Quiros, Nicole Crane, Kimberly Tenggardjaja, Alexis Jackson, Bruce Lyon, Giacomo Bernardi
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Molecular Ecology, 2019, 28 (20), pp.4680-4691. ⟨10.1111/mec.15243⟩
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DOI : 10.1111/mec.15243
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Deciphering the roles of environment and development in the evolution of a Late Triassic assemblage of conodont elements
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Pauline Guenser, Louise Souquet, Sylvain Dolédec, Michele Mazza, Manuel Rigo, Nicolas Goudemand
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Paleobiology, 2019, 45 (3), pp.440-457. ⟨10.1017/pab.2019.14⟩
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1017/pab.2019.14
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02310310/file/Guenser%20et%20al%202019%20proof%20%281%29.pdf BibTex
titre
Multiple sulfur isotope signals associated with the late Smithian event and the Smithian/Spathian boundary.
auteur
Christophe Thomazo, Arnaud Brayard, S. Elmeknassi, Emmanuelle Vennin, Nicolas Olivier, Gwénaël Caravaca, Gilles Escarguel, Emmanuel Fara, Kevin G. Bylund, James F. Jenks, D.A. Stephen, B. Killingsworth, Pierre Sansjofre, P. Cartigny
article
Earth-Science Reviews, 2019, 195, pp.96-113. ⟨10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.06.019⟩
resume
The Early Triassic is generally portrayed as a time of various, high ecological stresses leading to a delayed biotic recovery after the devastating end-Permian mass extinction. This interval is notably characterized by repeated biotic crises (e.g., during the late Smithian), large-scale fluctuations of the global carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles as well as harsh marine conditions including a combination of ocean acidification, anoxia, extreme seawater temperatures and shifting productivity. Observations from different paleolatitudes suggest that sulfidic (H2S-rich) conditions may have developed widely during the Early Triassic, possibly reaching up to ultra-shallow environments in some places. However, the existence and the spatio-temporal extent of such redox swings remain poorly constrained. In order to explore Early Triassic paleoceanographic redox changes and their potential influences on the biotic recovery, we analyzed multiple sulfur isotopes (32S, 33S, 34S, and 36S) of sedimentary pyrite and carbonate associated sulfate (δ34SCAS) from the Mineral Mountains section, Utah. Sediments from this section were mainly deposited in shallow waters and span the Smithian and lower Spathian. We report a 68‰ range of variations in δ34Spy associated with Δ33Spy varying from −0.01‰ to +0.12‰, whereas the δ34SCAS varies between +19.5‰ and + 34.8‰. We interpret the observed signal of multiple sulfur isotopes as reflecting the operation of pore-water synsedimentary microbial sulfate reduction in open system with respect to sulfates before the late Smithian, evolving to a closed system, sulfate limited, Rayleigh-type distillation across the Smithian/Spathian boundary (SSB) and immediately after the SSB. We argue that this marked change is driven by the effectiveness of the connection between the sedimentary pore waters and the overlying water column, which is, in this case, controlled by the local sedimentological conditions such as the bioturbation intensity and the sedimentation rate. Therefore, our results suggest that changes in the sulfur cycle before and across the SSB at Mineral Mountains is probably a local consequence of the loss of the mixed sedimentary layer during the late Smithian extinction event, as opposed to reflecting the development of a lethal anoxic ocean at the global scale.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.06.019
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Assessment of the Physically-Based Hydrus-1D Model for Simulating the Water Fluxes of a Mediterranean Cropping System
auteur
Domenico Ventrella, Mirko Castellini, Simone Di Prima, Pasquale Garofalo, Laurent Lassabatère
article
Water, 2019, 11 (8), pp.1657. ⟨10.3390/w11081657⟩
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DOI : 10.3390/w11081657
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titre
Multi-scale impacts of urbanization on species distribution within the genus Tetramorium
auteur
Marion Cordonnier, Corentin Gibert Bret, Arnaud Bellec, Bernard Kaufmann, Gilles Escarguel
article
Landscape Ecology, 2019, 34 (8), pp.1937-1948. ⟨10.1007/s10980-019-00842-7⟩
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DOI : 10.1007/s10980-019-00842-7
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First occurrence of the boreal fossil wood Xenoxylon meisteri from the Jurassic of North America: Morrison Formation of central Montana, USA
auteur
Dean Richmond, Richard Lupia, Marc Philippe, Jason Klimek
article
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2019, 267, pp.39-53. ⟨10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.05.001⟩
resume
Six specimens of the fossil wood Xenoxylon meisteri were discovered in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of central Montana and are described herein. The discovery represents the first confirmed occurrence of the species X. meisteri in North America. In addition, we review all occurrences of petrified wood attributed to Xenoxylon from North America. Early to Late Jurassic X. phyllocladoides specimens of Greenland are accepted. Previously reported occurrences of Xenoxylon from the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of Utah, Xenoxylon morrisonense Medlyn and X. moorei Tidwell from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Utah, and fossil woods reported from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly (Wyoming) and McMurray Sandstone (Alberta, Canada) formations have secondary xylem characteristics incongruous with the genus and are discounted. The remaining accepted specimens are Cretaceous in age from the Canadian Arctic (Valanginian) and the North Slope of Alaska (Albian and Maastrichtian). Thus, these new Montana specimens of Xenoxylon are the earliest and southernmost occurrences of the genus in continental North America. Global distribution and paleoecology strongly imply Xenoxylon was constrained to cool/wet climates. Thus, these lower latitude North American occurrences corroborate other proxies indicating a cooler wetter climate, at least locally/briefly, in the northern portion of the Upper Jurassic Morrison foreland basin.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.05.001
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Flexural Rigidity and Shoot Reconfiguration Determine Wake Length Behind Saltmarsh Vegetation Patches
auteur
Tim I. Marjoribanks, Dimitri Lague, R.J. Hardy, R.J. Boothroyd, J. Leroux, Cendrine Mony, Sara Puijalon
article
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2019, 124 (8), pp.2176-2196. ⟨10.1029/2019JF005012⟩
resume
Vegetation patches play an important role in controlling sediment deposition in shallow aquatic environments such as coastal saltmarshes and fluvial systems. However, predicting deposition around vegetation patches is difficult due to the complexity of patch morphology and their dynamic interaction with the flow. Here we incorporate a biomechanical model, parameterized using field data, within a 3-D computational fluid dynamics model which allows prediction of individual shoot reconfiguration within patches due to flow forcing. The model predicts velocity attenuation and bed shear stresses within the wake of the patch which agree spatially with accretion patterns measured in the field using terrestrial lidar. The model is applied to sparse patches of Suaeda maritima, located in saltmarshes of coastal habitats, to explore the role of (I) shoot distribution, (II) patch geometry, (III) shoot flexural rigidity, and (IV) bulk flow velocity in determining the length of the predicted wake region. We demonstrate that for Suaeda maritima, with intermediate rigidity, the vertical shear layer over the vegetation controls the length of the predicted wake region. Consequently, reconfiguration due to flexural rigidity strongly impacts on wake length, confounding the relationship between patch height and wake length. A simplified model for predicting wake length based on shoot reconfiguration is applied to the simulation data and shows good agreement. The results demonstrate that the observed wake characteristics can be well explained by intraspecific variability in flexural rigidity, thus demonstrating the importance of biomechanical traits in determining flow-vegetation-sediment interactions.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1029/2019JF005012
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titre
Rapid changes in dispersal on a small spatial scale at the range edge of an expanding population
auteur
Julien Courant, Jean Secondi, Lucile Guillemet, Elise Vollette, Anthony Herrel
article
Evolutionary Ecology, 2019, 33 (4), pp.599-612. ⟨10.1007/s10682-019-09996-x⟩
resume
In expanding populations, the allocation of resources to life-history traits is expected to change rapidly after the colonization of a new area. Understanding these changes is of crucial importance to predict the future changes in distribution ranges, and the possible impacts of expanding species on the colonized environments. Both theoretical and empiri- cal studies have provided some evidence for an increased dispersal at the range edge of expanding populations. Because this phenomenon has been documented on large spatial scales, it seems difficult to determine what proportion of the phenotypic variation is due to the expansion process (spatial sorting) versus spatial variation in the environment (local adaptation). The aim of our study is to determine whether, in a small and recent expand- ing population, the dispersal capacity is increased at the range edge compared to the range core despite a minimal role of local adaptation. We studied the modification of dispersal capacity at the range edge of an expanding population of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis recently settled in Western France. To do so, we used experiments to compare move- ments of individuals depending on their location in the population, and capture–mark– recapture field surveys to estimate variation in traits related to dispersal across the invasive range. Both methods consistently showed significantly higher dispersal rates and distances, as well as in the relative length of the hind limb, at the range edge, for both sexes. This result is the first report suggesting that changes in allocation to dispersal, and not only traits associated with dispersal, can occur at a small geographical and temporal scale, where the role of local adaptation is likely minimal. This study fills a gap in an issue where it is cur- rently crucial, for conservation purposes, to understand the mechanisms involved in range expansions.
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DOI : 10.1007/s10682-019-09996-x
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Anthropization level of Lascaux Cave microbiome shown by regional‐scale comparisons of pristine and anthropized caves
auteur
Lise Alonso, Thomas Pommier, Bernard Kaufmann, Audrey Dubost, David Chapulliot, Jeanne Doré, Christophe Jean Douady, Yvan Moënne‐loccoz
article
Molecular Ecology, 2019, 28 (14), pp.3383-3394. ⟨10.1111/mec.15144⟩
resume
Limestone areas across the world develop karstic caves, which are populated by a wide range of macro‐ and microorganisms. Many of these caves display Paleolithic art or outstanding speleothems, and in the last century they have been subjected to anthropization due to touristic management and intense human frequentation. Despite their cultural importance and associated conservation issues, the impact of anthropization on cave biodiversity is not known. Here, we show that anthropization is associated with specific cave biota modifications. We compared diversity in four pristine caves, four anthropized show caves, and the iconic Lascaux Cave with even stronger anthropization. The predominant microbial higher taxa were the same in all caves, but the most anthropized cave (Lascaux) was unique as it differed from the eight others by a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes bacteria and the absence of Euryarchaeota and Woesearchaeota archaea. Anthropization resulted in lower diver‐sity and altered community structure for bacteria and archaea on cave walls, espe‐cially in Lascaux, but with a more limited effect on microeukaryotes and arthropods. Our findings fill a key gap in our understanding of the response of karstic communi‐ties to anthropization, by revealing that tourism‐related anthropization impacts on the prokaryotic microbiome rather than on eukaryotic residents, and that it shapes cave biota irrespective of cave natural features.
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DOI : 10.1111/mec.15144
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Synthesis of In‐House Produced Calibrated Silver Phosphate with a Large Range of Oxygen Isotope Compositions
auteur
Christophe Lécuyer, François Fourel, Magali Seris, Romain Amiot, Jean Goedert, Laurent Simon
article
Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 2019, 43 (4), pp.681-688. ⟨10.1111/ggr.12285⟩
resume
The large range of stable oxygen isotope values of phosphate-bearing minerals and dissolved phosphate of inorganic or organic origin requires the availability of in-house produced calibrated silver phosphate of which isotopic ratios must closely bracket those of studied samples. We propose a simple protocol to synthesise Ag3PO4 in a wide range of oxygen isotope compositions based on the equilibrium isotopic fractionation factor and the kinetics and temperature of isotopic exchange in the phosphate-water system. Ag3PO4 crystals were obtained from KH2PO4 that was dissolved in water of known oxygen isotope composition. Isotopic exchange between dissolved phosphate and water took place at a desired and constant temperature into PYREX (TM) tubes that were placed in a high precision oven for defined run-times. Samples were withdrawn at desired times, quenched in cold water and precipitated as Ag3PO4. We provide a calculation sheet that computes the delta O-18 of precipitated Ag3PO4 as a function of time, temperature and delta O-18 of both reactants KH2PO4 and H2O at t = 0. Predicted oxygen isotope compositions of synthesised silver phosphate range from -7 to +31 parts per thousand VSMOW for a temperature range comprised between 110 and 130 degrees C and a range of water delta O-18 from -20 to +15 parts per thousand VSMOW.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/ggr.12285
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titre
Do Sustainable Drainage Systems favour mosquito proliferation in cities compared to stormwater networks?
auteur
M. Valdelfener, Sylvie Barraud, E. Sibeud, L. Bacot, Y. Perrin, F. Jourdain, Pierre Marmonier
article
Urban Water Journal, 2019, 16 (6), pp.436-443. ⟨10.1080/1573062X.2018.1523442⟩
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DOI : 10.1080/1573062X.2018.1523442
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The theory of island biogeography and soundscapes: species diversity and the organization of acoustic communities
auteur
Aloïs Robert, Thierry Lengagne, Martim Melo, Vanessa Gardette, Sacha Julien, Rita Covas, Doris Gomez, Claire Doutrelant
article
Journal of Biogeography, 2019, 46 (9), pp.1901-1911. ⟨10.1111/jbi.13611⟩
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DOI : 10.1111/jbi.13611
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A general Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters method predicting hydraulic parameters of any unimodal water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves: Application to the Kosugi soil hydraulic model without using particle size distribution data
auteur
J. Fernández-Gálvez, J. Pollacco, L. Lassabatère, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, S. Carrick
article
Advances in Water Resources, 2019, 129, pp.118-130. ⟨10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.05.005⟩
resume
Soil hydraulic characterization is crucial to describe the retention and transport of water in soil, but current methodologies limit its spatial applicability. This paper presents a cost-effective general Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters (BEST) methodology using single ring infiltration experiments to derive soil hydraulic parameters for any unimodal water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions. The proposed method relies on the BEST approach. The novelty lies in the use of Kosugi hydraulic parameters without need for textural in- formation. In addition, the method uses a quasi-exact formulation that is valid for all times, which avoids the use of approximate expansions and related inaccuracy. The new BEST methods were tested against numerically generated data for several contrasting synthetic soils, and the results show that these methods provide consis- tent hydraulic functions close to the target functions. The new BEST method is accurate and can use any water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.05.005
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Assessing community functional attributes during substrate colonization: a field experiment using stream insects
auteur
Silvia Milesi, Adriano Melo, Sylvain Dolédec
article
Hydrobiologia, 2019, 838 (1), pp.183-192. ⟨10.1007/s10750-019-03988-2⟩
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DOI : 10.1007/s10750-019-03988-2
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The role of patch size in ecosystem engineering capacity: a case study of aquatic vegetation
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Sofia Licci, Heidi Nepf, Cécile Delolme, Pierre Marmonier, Tjeerd Bouma, Sara Puijalon
article
Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries, 2019, 81 (3), ⟨10.1007/s00027-019-0635-2⟩
resume
Submerged aquatic plants are ecosystem engineers that are able to modify their habitat. However, the role of patch size in the engineering capacity of aquatic plants has not yet been fully investigated, while it could be essential for elucidating the consequences of plant presence. Our objectives were to investigate the effects of patch size on plant-flow-sediment interac- tions in lotic ecosystems and to determine whether these effects differed according to environmental characteristics. We performed in situ measurements of velocity and grain size along natural patches of increasing length (L) at two sites pre- senting different flow and sediment characteristics. Our results indicated that a minimum patch size was needed to induce in-patch reduction of the time averaged velocity component in the flow direction (i.e. streamwise velocity) and fine sediment accumulation. Streamwise velocity decreased linearly with L independently of the site conditions. The sediment texture was instead dependent on site conditions: for the site characterized by higher velocity and coarser sediment, the sediment grain size exponentially decreased with L, reaching a minimum value at L ≥ 1.0 m, while for the site characterized by lower velocity and finer sediment, it reached a minimum value already at L > 0.3 m. This study demonstrated that a minimal patch size is required to trigger the ecosystem engineering capacity of aquatic plant patches in lotic environments and that this capacity increases with patch length. Small patches induce little to no modification of the physical habitat, with possible negative feedbacks for plants. With increasing patch size, the habitat modifications induced by plants become more important, p
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DOI : 10.1007/s00027-019-0635-2
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Use of passive sampling and high resolution mass spectrometry using a suspect screening approach to characterise emerging pollutants in contaminated groundwater and runoff
auteur
Lucie Pinasseau, Laure Wiest, Aurélie Fildier, Laurence Volatier, Gary Fones, Graham Mills, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Emmanuelle Vulliet
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 672, pp.253-263. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.489⟩
resume
Groundwater systems are being increasingly used to provide potable and other water supplies. Due to human activities, a range of organic pollutants is often detected in groundwater. One source of groundwater contamination is via stormwater infiltration basins, however, there is little information on the types of compounds present in these collection systems and their influence on the underlying groundwater. We developed an analytical strategy based on the use of passive sampling combined with liquid chromatography/high resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for screening for the presence of pesticide and pharmaceutical compounds in groundwater and stormwater runoff. Empore™ disk-based passive samplers (SDB-RPS and SDB-XC sorbents) were exposed, using for the first time a new specially designed deployment rig, for 10 days during a rainfall event in five different stormwater infiltration systems around Lyon, France. Stormwater runoff and groundwater (via a well, upstream and downstream of each basin) was sampled. Exposed Empore™ disks were solvent extracted (acetone and methanol) and the extracts analysed using a specific suspect compound screening workflow. High resolution mass spectrometry coupled with a suspect screening approach was found to be a useful tool as it allows a more comprehensive analysis than with targeted screening whilst being less time consuming than non-targeted screening. Using this analytical approach, 101 suspect compounds were tentatively identified, with 40 of this set being subsequently confirmed. The chemicals detected included fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, indicators of human activity, antibiotics, antiepileptics, antihypertensive and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as well as their metabolites. Polar pesticides were mainly detected in groundwater and pharmaceuticals were more frequently found in runoff. In terms of detection frequency of the pollutants, groundwater impacted by infiltration was found not to be significantly more contaminated than non-impacted groundwater.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.489
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titre
Scientists' Warning on the Conservation of Subterranean Ecosystems
auteur
Stefano Mammola, Pedro Cardoso, David Culver, Louis Deharveng, Rodrigo Ferreira, Cene Fišer, Diana Galassi, Christian Griebler, Stuart Halse, William Humphreys, Marco Isaia, Florian Malard, Alejandro Martínez, Oana Moldovan, Matthew Niemiller, Martina Pavlek, Ana Sofia P S Reboleira, Marconi Souza-Silva, Emma Teeling, J Judson Wynne, Maja Zagmajster
article
Bioscience, 2019, 69 (8), pp.641-50. ⟨10.1093/biosci/biz064⟩
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DOI : 10.1093/biosci/biz064
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Genetic basis of amphibian larval development along a latitudinal gradient: Gene diversity, selection and links with phenotypic variation in transcription factor C/EBP‐1
auteur
Yvonne Meyer‐lucht, Émilien Luquet, Fríða Jóhannesdóttir, Patrik Rödin‐mörch, María Quintela, Alex Richter‐boix, Jacob Höglund, Anssi Laurila
article
Molecular Ecology, 2019, ⟨10.1111/mec.15123⟩
resume
Ectotherm development rates often show adaptive divergence along climatic gradients, but the genetic basis for this variation is rarely studied. Here, we investigated the genetic basis for phenotypic variation in larval development in the moor frog Rana arvalis from five regions along a latitudinal gradient from Germany to northern Sweden. We focused on the C/EBP‐1 gene, a transcription factor associated with larval development time. Allele frequencies at C/EBP‐1 varied strongly among geographic regions. Overall, the distribution of alleles along the gradient was in concordance with the dual postglacial colonization routes into Scandinavia, with a large number of alleles exclusively present along the southern colonization route. Only three of 38 alleles were shared between the routes. Analysis of contemporary selection on C/EBP‐1 showed divergent selection among the regions, likely reflecting adaptation to the local environmental conditions, although this was especially strong between southern and northern regions coinciding also with lineages from different colonization routes. Overall, the C/EBP‐1 gene has historically been under purifying selection, however, two specific amino acid positions showed significant signals of positive selection. These positions showed divergence between southern and northern regions, and we suggest that they are functionally involved in the climatic adaptation of larval development. Using phenotypic data from a common garden experiment, we found evidence for specific C/EBP‐1 alleles being correlated with larval development time, suggesting a functional role in adaptation of larval development to large‐scale climatic variation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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DOI : 10.1111/mec.15123
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Foreword for the thematic issue “The Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA): an exceptional window on the Early Triassic marine life”
auteur
Arnaud Brayard, Emmanuel Fara, Gilles Escarguel
article
Geobios, 2019, 54, pp.1-3. ⟨10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.009⟩
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.009
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titre
State-of-the-art bioengineering technics to control Asian knotweeds
auteur
F. Dommanget, André Evette, Florence Piola, Soraya Rouifed, W. Brasier
article
Sciences Eaux & Territoires, 2019, 27, pp.74-79. ⟨10.14758/SET-REVUE.2019.1.13⟩
resume
Based on the competitive effects of native plants, bioengineering technics aim both at controlling the development of Asian knotweeds and at restoring a diverse plant community in invaded areas. These methods are appealing to more and more managers. This article deals with such methods mobilizing herbaceous or ligneous species, associated sometimes with pre-treatments but always with accompanying measures. After a synthesis on the ecological mechanisms involved, some technics specifically used to manage Asian knotweeds are described with a focus on riparian habitats. Finally the conclusion raises the question of the importance to share experiences in order to progress in the implementation of bioengineering methods to control knotweeds.
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DOI : 10.14758/SET-REVUE.2019.1.13
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A late-surviving Triassic protomonaxonid sponge from the Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA).
auteur
Joseph P. Botting, Arnaud Brayard, Kevin G. Bylund, Gilles Escarguel, Emmanuel Fara, Nicolas Goudemand, Pierre Guériau, James F. Jenks, Laurel J. Krumenacker, Nicolas Olivier, Daniel A. Stephen, Christophe Thomazo, Mathieu Thoury, Emmanuelle Vennin
article
Geobios, 2019, 54, pp.5-11. ⟨10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.006⟩
resume
Protomonaxonid sponges are a major group of Cambrian and Ordovician fossils in exceptionally preserved (especially Burgess Shale-type) faunas, but are rare thereafter. Rare examples of apparent surviving lineages are known from the late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic, but by this time more derived groups of sponges have generally displaced them in at least shallow-water (shelf depth) ecosystems. The early Spathian (Early Triassic) Paris Biota includes abundant material of a new leptomitid protomonaxonid, Pseudoleptomitus advenus Botting nov. gen., nov. sp., distinguished by having an unbundled longitudinal skeleton and very weak transverse component. This is the first post-Ordovician leptomitid known, and indicates long-term survival of the group in unknown environments. Its occurrence near storm wave base is similar to the preferred environment of earlier examples of the family, suggesting either ecological rarity or taphonomic reasons for their 200-million-year absence from later Palaeozoic rocks.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.006
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Deciphering the exceptional preservation of the Early Triassic Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA).
auteur
Miguel Iniesto, Christophe Thomazo, Emmanuel Fara, Arnaud Brayard, Kevin G. Bylund, Gilles Escarguel, Nicolas Goudemand, Pierre Guériau, James F. Jenks, Laurel J. Krumenacker, Nicolas Olivier, Daniel A. Stephen, Mathieu Thoury, Emmanuelle Vennin
article
Geobios, 2019, 54, pp.81-93. ⟨10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.002⟩
resume
After the end-Permian mass extinction, the Early Triassic (∼251.9 to 247 Ma) is characterized by several biotic crises that particularly affected marine faunas; accordingly, marine ecosystems from this unstable interval have been often described as heavily depauperate. This assumption, however, may relate to a biased fossil record. The discovery of taphonomic windows, like Konservat-Lagerstätten, in the Early Triassic would help to better understand the composition and diversity of ecosystems at that time. The Paris Biota (Idaho, USA) is a highly diverse fossil assemblage from the earliest Spathian (early late Olenekian, ∼250.6 Ma), indicating a rapid rediversification for many groups after the end-Permian crisis and pointing toward a remarkably complex marine ecosystem ∼1.3 m.y. after the Permian-Triassic boundary. However, its detailed taphonomy has not yet been investigated. Here we present the mineral characterization of four of its most abundant taxa: discinoid and linguloid brachiopods, leptomitid sponges, and caridean shrimps. For this purpose, we combined data from Raman microspectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy, and SEM-EDXS. Although all taxa were preserved in calcium phosphate, the morphology, structuring and size of crystals are highly dissimilar at a nano- to micrometric scale. In brachiopods, the ultrastructure of calcium phosphate shows unorganized bacillary-like crystals, while in crustaceans their size is considerably smaller and round-shaped. Similar small crystals are observed in sponges. However, the ultrastructure of calcium phosphate in sponges exhibits a well-defined preferential orientation. In addition, sponges show some compressed but preserved three-dimensional features, with an inner surface better preserved. Such analyses are essential to understand the taphonomic pathways enabling exceptional preservation. The further comprehension of preservation features would help to understand potential bias on observed diversity signals and their interpretation.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.002
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titre
A new holocrinid (Articulata) from the Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA) highlights the high diversity of Early Triassic crinoids.
auteur
Thomas Saucède, Emmanuelle Vennin, Emmanuel Fara, Nicolas Olivier, Arnaud Brayard, Kevin G. Bylund, Gilles Escarguel, Nicolas Goudemand, Pierre Guériau, James F. Jenks, Laurel J. Krumenacker, Daniel A. Stephen, Christophe Thomazo, Mathieu Thoury
article
Geobios, 2019, 54, pp.45-53. ⟨10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.003⟩
resume
After the end-Permian crisis and the extinction of their four Paleozoic subclasses, crinoids rapidly recovered. This group is classically believed to have radiated from a small surviving clade and to have diversified during the Middle and Upper Triassic from two lineages. Nevertheless, recent findings suggested that several lineages of crinoids had already diversified during the Early Triassic, and that their diversity has been overlooked. Here we describe a new form of holocrinid, Holocrinus nov. sp., from the earliest Spathian (Early Triassic) of southeastern Idaho (USA). So far, the exceptional completeness of sampled specimens, with skeletal elements of arms and stem in connection, is unique for the Early Triassic. They show that derived morphological features had already evolved ∼1.3 million years after the Permian–Triassic boundary, supporting the scenario of a rapid Early Triassic diversification of crinoids.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.003
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titre
Ammonoids and nautiloids from the earliest Spathian Paris Biota and other early Spathian localities in southeastern Idaho, USA.
auteur
Arnaud Brayard, James F. Jenks, Kevin G. Bylund, Gilles Escarguel, Emmanuel Fara, Nicolas Goudemand, Pierre Guériau, Laurel J. Krumenacker, Nicolas Olivier, Daniel A. Stephen, Christophe Thomazo, Mathieu Thoury, Emmanuelle Vennin
article
Geobios, 2019, 54, pp.13-36. ⟨10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.007⟩
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Intensive sampling of three earliest Spathian sites represented by the Lower Shale unit and coeval bedswithin the Bear Lake vicinity and neighboring areas, southeastern Idaho, yielded several new ammonoidand nautiloid assemblages. These new occurrences overall indicate that the lower boundary of theTirolites beds, classically used as a regional marker for the base of the early Spathian, and therefore theregional Smithian/Spathian boundary, must be shifted downward into the Lower Shale unit and coevalbeds. Regarding ammonoids, one new genus (Caribouceras) and two new species (Caribouceras slugenseand Albanites americanus) are described. In addition, the regional temporal distribution of Bajarunia,Tirolites, Columbites, and Coscaites is refined, based on a fourth sampled site containing a newly reportedoccurrence of the early Spathian Columbites fauna in coeval beds of the Middle Shale unit. As acomplement to ammonoids, changes observed in nautiloid dominance are also shown to facilitatecorrelation with high-latitude basins such as Siberia during this short time interval, and they alsohighlight the major successive environmental fluctuations that took place during the late Smithian–earlySpathian transition.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.007
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Experimental assessment of a new comprehensive model for single ring infiltration data
auteur
Simone Di Prima, Mirko Castellini, Majdi Abou Najm, Ryan Stewart, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, Thierry Winiarski, Laurent Lassabatère
article
Journal of Hydrology, 2019, 573, pp.937-951. ⟨10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.03.077⟩
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The objective of this paper was to evaluate a recently proposed comprehensive model for three-dimensional single-ring infiltration and its suitability for estimating soil hydraulic properties. Infiltration data from four different soils with contrasting characteristics were inverted to estimate field-saturated soil hydraulic con- ductivity, Kfs, values using a total of fourteen different scenarios. Those scenarios differed by: i) the way they constrained the macroscopic capillary length, λ, and the initial and saturated soil water contents, θi and θs, ii) the use of transient or steady-state data, and iii) the fitting methods applied to transient data. For comparative purposes, the SSBI method (Steady version of the Simplified method based on a Beerkan Infiltration run) was also applied. For validation purposes Kfs data estimated from the different scenarios were compared with those values obtained by numerical inverse modeling with HYDRUS-2D/3D. This comparison identified Approaches 1 and 3, which respectively estimate Kfs via optimization and using analytical expressions, as the most accurate methods. The steady-state scenario of Approach 4 and the SSBI method, both of which use a λ value of first approximation, appeared preferable for field campaigns aimed to sample remote or large areas, given that they do not need additional data and still provide acceptable estimates. The reliability of Kfs data was also checked through a comparison with unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, Kh, values measured in laboratory on extracted soil cores, in order to discriminate between theoretically possible (Kfs > Kh) and impossible (Kfs ≤ Kh) situa- tions. Physically possible Kfs values were always obtained with the exception of the crusted soil, where Kfs < Kh situations suggested that the crust layer reduced water flow during ponding experiments in the field. The new comprehensive model tested in this study represents a valuable tool for analyzing both transient and steady-state infiltration data, as well as experiments carried out with different depths of ponded water, ring sizes and ring insertion depths.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.03.077
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Glow in the dark: use of synchrotron μXRF trace elemental mapping and multispectral macro-imaging on fossils from the Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA).
auteur
Arnaud Brayard, Pierre Guériau, Mathieu Thoury, Gilles Escarguel, Kevin G. Bylund, Emmanuel Fara, Nicolas Goudemand, James F. Jenks, Laurel J. Krumenacker, Nicolas Olivier, Daniel A. Stephen, Christophe Thomazo, Emmanuelle Vennin
article
Geobios, 2019, 54, pp.71-79. ⟨10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.008⟩
resume
The end-Permian mass extinction is the largest global-scale event ever recorded; it also corresponds to the expansion of the Modern Evolutionary Fauna, which will lead to present-day ecosystems. The Early Triassic is thus a pivotal interval in the evolution of many marine groups. An exceptionally well-preserved early Spathian fossil assemblage, the Paris Biota, was recently discovered in southeastern Idaho, USA; it represents the earliest complex marine ecosystem known to date for the post-crisis aftermath. Here we use synchrotron μXRF imaging to retrieve further anatomical, paleobiological and taphonomical data on some of the most intriguing fossils from the Paris Biota, such as contours of the central disc and the full length of arms in an ophiuroid specimen. We also show that multispectral macro-imaging is powerful to reveal or enhance the visualization of some specimens, particularly shrimps, that are barely perceptible under visible and UV lights. The complementary use of both techniques suggests that the actual richness and abundance of organisms in this exceptionally well-preserved Early Triassic ecosystem is likely to remain underestimated, and this situation may be even worse in other less well-preserved spatiotemporal contexts.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.008
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From hybridization to introgression between two closely related sympatric ant species
auteur
Marion Cordonnier, Thibault Gayet, Gilles Escarguel, Bernard Kaufmann
article
Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 2019, 57, pp.778-788. ⟨10.1111/jzs.12297⟩
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DOI : 10.1111/jzs.12297
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New national and regional bryophyte records, 59
auteur
Leonard T. Ellis, Laury Araujo Almeida, Denilson Fernandez Peralta, Martin Backor, El'Vira Z. Baisheva, Halina Bednarek-Ochyra, Michael Burghardt, I.V. Czernyadjeva, Sergey S. Kholod, Alexey D. Potemkin, Adnan Erdag, Mesut Kirmaci, Vladimir E. Fedosov, Michael S. Ignatov, D.E. Koltysheva, J.R. Flores, Esther Fuertes, M. Goga, Shuiliang Guo, Wolfgang Karl Hofbauer, M. Kurzthaler, Harald Kurschner, Oxana I. Kuznetsova, Marc Lebouvier, David G. Long, Yuriy S. Mamontov, K.M. Manjula, Chandrasekharan Nair Manju, Batarseh Mufeed, Frank Müller, M.C. Nair, Marcin Nobis, Nik Norhazrina, Mutiara Aisyah, Gaik Ee Lee, Marc Philippe, Dmitriy A. Philippov, Vitezslav Plasek, Z. Kominkova, Ronald D. Porley, Yuri A. Rebriev, Marko S. Sabovljevic, Anderson Marcos De Souza, E.B. Valente, D. Spitale, Pankaj Srivastava, Vinay Sahu, A. K. Asthana, Sorin Stefanut, Guillermo M. Suarez, Anna A. Vilnet, K.Y. Yao, J.C. Zhao
article
Journal of Bryology, 2019, 41 (2), pp.177-194. ⟨10.1080/03736687.2019.1613112⟩
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DOI : 10.1080/03736687.2019.1613112
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titre
Behavior in a Changing Landscape: Using Movement Ecology to Inform the Conservation of Pond-Breeding Amphibians
auteur
Pierre Joly
article
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2019, 7, ⟨10.3389/fevo.2019.00155⟩
resume
Movement, both within an individual’s home range and at the scale of dispersal, is a fundamental aspect of an animal’s life. The field of movement ecology has established a conceptual framework to analyze the lifetime movement of an organism, offering a sound basis for conservation actions since the movement range of many species has been altered by habitat fragmentation and degradation. An organism’s lifetime movement is organized around three main functions—exploitation, exploration, and relocation—which are associated with specific behavioral mechanisms and spatio-temporal scales. The movement ecology framework is a valuable tool as applied to amphibians, as managing these spatially structured populations requires in-depth knowledge of the behavioral mechanisms that determine movement. In terms of exploitation, these animals have a complex lifecycle, which involves migrating between different types of habitat, thus requiring them to cross a landscape matrix that may be more or less inhospitable. In terms of exploration and relocation, between-pond movements within the pond archipelagoes of a given population are frequent and strongly contribute to population resilience. Relocation also occurs at a larger scale, through long-distance dispersal to colonize new patches, exposing the individuals to unknown environments. Each function, at each scale, involves specific interactions between individual motivation (phenotype dependence) and environmental quality (context dependence) that determine decision-making and fitness outputs. Long-term exposure to local selective pressures can lead to differentiation in coping types that could be considered as Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) for conservation. At the scale of a patch, the optimal direction of migration can be inherited, thus allowing the optimization of migration routes for juveniles. At the regional scale, a dispersal syndrome resulting in a greater propensity for boldness and exploration could be a response to unpredictable breeding sites or the high benefits of colonizing a rich habitat. Greater knowledge about such behavioral adaptations to specific situations would allow more targeted development of conservation measures or help to stop the spread of invasive species. The evolutionary context of movement behavior is thus of primary interest in designing effective conservation actions in a changing world.
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DOI : 10.3389/fevo.2019.00155
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Latitudinal divergence in a widespread amphibian: Contrasting patterns of neutral and adaptive genomic variation
auteur
Patrik Rödin‐mörch, Émilien Luquet, Yvonne Meyer‐lucht, Alex Richter‐boix, Jacob Höglund, Anssi Laurila
article
Molecular Ecology, 2019, 28 (12), pp.2996-3011. ⟨10.1111/mec.15132⟩
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DOI : 10.1111/mec.15132
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Modelling Soil Water Dynamics from Soil Hydraulic Parameters Estimated by an Alternative Method in a Tropical Experimental Basin
auteur
Bruno Silva Ursulino, Suzana Maria Gico Lima Montenegro, Artur Paiva Coutinho, Victor Hugo Rabelo Coelho, Diego Cezar dos Santos Araújo, Ana Cláudia Villar Gusmão, Severino Martins dos Santos Neto, Laurent Lassabatère, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo
article
Water, 2019, 11 (5), pp.1007. ⟨10.3390/w11051007⟩
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DOI : 10.3390/w11051007
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titre
Changes in mobility of trace metals at the sediment-water-biota interfaces following laboratory drying and reimmersion of a lacustrine sediment
auteur
Nathalie Lécrivain, Victor Frossard, Bernard Clement
article
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019, 26 (14), pp.14050-14058. ⟨10.1007/s11356-019-04729-7⟩
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DOI : 10.1007/s11356-019-04729-7
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Clonal Plants as Meta-Holobionts
auteur
Nathan Vannier, Cendrine Mony, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere, Kevin Theis, Eugene Rosenberg, Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse
article
mSystems, 2019, 4 (2), pp.e00213-18. ⟨10.1128/mSystems.00213-18⟩
resume
The holobiont concept defines a given organism and its associated symbionts as a potential level of selection over evolutionary time. In clonal plants, recent experiments demonstrated vertical transmission of part of the microbiota from one ramet (i.e., potentially autonomous individual) to another within the clonal network (i.e., connections by modified stems present in similar to 35% of all plants). Because of this heritability, and potentially reciprocal exchange of microbes between generations of ramets, we propose to extend the existing holobiont framework to the concept of meta-holobiont. A meta-holobiont is a network of holobionts that can exchange biomolecules and microbiota across generations, thus impacting the fitness of both biological scales: holobionts and meta-holobionts. Specifically, metaholobiont dynamics can result in sharing, specialization, and division of labor across plant clonal generations. This paper, which coins the meta-holobiont concept, is expected to stimulate discussion and to be applied beyond the context of networked clonal plants (e.g., to social insects).
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DOI : 10.1128/mSystems.00213-18
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titre
BEST-2K Method for Characterizing Dual-Permeability Unsaturated Soils with Ponded and Tension Infiltrometers
auteur
Laurent Lassabatère, Simone Di Prima, Sofia Bouarafa, Massimo Iovino, Vincenzo Bagarello, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo
article
Vadose Zone Journal, 2019, 18 (1), ⟨10.2136/vzj2018.06.0124⟩
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DOI : 10.2136/vzj2018.06.0124
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titre
Assessment of hydraulic properties of technosols using Beerkan and multiple tension disc infiltration methods
auteur
Deniz Yilmaz, Sofia Bouarafa, Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, Laurent Lassabatère
article
European Journal of Soil Science, 2019, ⟨10.1111/ejss.12791⟩
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DOI : 10.1111/ejss.12791
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Improved online hydrogen isotope analysis of halite aqueous inclusions
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François Fourel, Christophe Lécuyer, Magali Seris, Nigel Blamey, Uwe Brand, Philip Fralick, Filip Volders
article
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2019, 54 (4), pp.342-350. ⟨10.1002/jms.4323⟩
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We demonstrate an improved method based on continuous‐flow elemental analyser pyrolysis isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (CF‐EA‐PY‐IRMS) to measure the 2H/1H ratios of water trapped in halite crystals. Two challenges to overcome are the low hydrogen concentration of samples (10‐50 μmol H2·g−1) and the high chloride concentration released when reacting halite in an elemental analyser. We describe an optimization procedure for determining the 2H/1H ratio of this trapped water with an acceptable accuracy. This technique involves the use of a high‐temperature Cr reactor to quantitatively convert H2O into H2. The initial step was performed on halite crystals precipitated from a water reservoir where 2H/1H ratios were monitored from its initial stage until the end of evaporation. The 2H/1H isotopic analyses were automated online in continuous‐flow mode. Precision of the method was determined for those “synthetic” samples with hydrogen concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 wt%. 2H/1H isotopic ratios of evaporating waters bracket the compositions of water inclusions. The formation of fluid inclusions is not instantaneous and records the isotopic signature of the residual waters across a time range during which the isotopic values of the water still evolve. This property explains why the δ2HVSMOW standard deviation of ±5‰ (2σ) observed for 10‐mg aliquots of halite exceeds the instrumental error (about ±1.5‰ 2σ) determined on the basis of IAEA‐CH7, NBS 30, and NBS 22 references along with calibrated waters with and without added halite crystals. We also applied this method to Mesoproterozoic (1.4 Ga) and Neoproterozoic (0.8 Ga) halite samples with relatively low hydrogen concentrations (300‐1500 ppm). The measured δ2HVSMOW values for Precambrian waters range from −89‰ to −54‰. We propose that this technique offers a new perspective and great potential for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions based on the 2H/1H analyses of water trapped in halite.
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DOI : 10.1002/jms.4323
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An onshore bathyal record of tectonics and climate cycles at the onset of the Early-Middle Pleistocene Transition in the eastern Mediterranean
auteur
Frédéric Quillévéré, Nadège Nouailhat, Sébastien Joannin, Jean-Jacques Cornee, Pierre Moissette, Christophe Lécuyer, François Fourel, Konstantina Agiadi, Efterpi Koskeridou, Gilles Escarguel
article
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2019, 209, pp.23-39. ⟨10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.02.012⟩
resume
Early Pleistocene (Calabrian) clays of the Lindos Bay Formation have been uplifted and are exposed today on the eastern coast of Rhodes (Hellenic forearc, Greece). The hemipelagic origin of these sediments and the excellent preservation of the microfossils they contain, make the Lindos Bay Formation a unique element in the eastern Mediterranean, which has the potential to constitute a paleoclimate referential framework of the region for the Early-Middle Pleistocene Transition (EMPT). In this context, 98 samples were collected in the type locality section of the Lindos Bay Formation. Stable isotope (δ18O, δ13C) analyses were carried out on benthic (Uvigerina peregrina) and planktonic (Globigerina bulloides) foraminifera for the interval between ∼1100 ka and ∼858 ka. We identify and continuously reconstruct the climate cycles that occurred between Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 32 and 21. Counts of planktonic foraminifera were further carried out and allow connecting the conditions occurring locally in the surface waters with the glacial-interglacial cycles during the onset of the EMPT. While (sub)tropical taxa dominate the assemblages, glacials were associated with short-term (<∼10 kyr) influxes of temperate to subpolar species suggesting cooling and/or increasing productivity in the surface waters correlating with the deposition of sapropels in the eastern Mediterranean deep sea. Finally, planktonic/benthic foraminiferal ratios show that the section deposited at upper bathyal depths between ∼450 m and ∼150 m. During the late Early Pleistocene, the eastern coast of Rhodes has locally undergone repeated, transient and possibly very rapid vertical motions which are overprinted on a regional tectonically-forced regressive trend.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.02.012
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A paleobiogeographical scenario for the Taxaceae based on a revised fossil wood record and embolism resistance
auteur
Marc Philippe, Maxim Afonin, Sylvain Delzon, Gregory Jordan, Kazuo Terada, Mélanie Thiébaut
article
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2019, 263, pp.147-158. ⟨10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.01.003⟩
resume
Fossil Taxaceae are documented for the Cenozoic throughout most of the northern hemisphere, but the pre-Ce- nozoic history of this group is still poorly known. The fossil wood record is dif␣cult but can shed light on this his- tory. We critically evaluated the fossil woods assigned to Taxaceae and then compared the fossil record of taxaceous woods to the fossil record of taxaceous leaves and reproductive structures. We then considered the fossil record in the context of family's molecular phylogeny. More than half of the fossil woods attributed to Taxaceae lack diagnostic characters of the family (longitudinal tracheids with helical thickenings and abietoid pitting on radial walls). Fossil wood that can be attributed to the fossil genus Taxaceoxylon, as well as some spec- imens placed in the genus Protelicoxylon, which differ only in having mixed type of intertracheary radial pitting, probably belong to Taxaceae. The fossil wood record, as reappraised, is not informative about the history of individual genera within the family, but ␣ts that of leafy remains. Taxaceae wood shows remarkable resistance to em- bolism and subsequent increased risks of conduit implosion that might be prevented by the presence of tertiary helical thickenings. Our ␣ndings suggest a paleobiogeographical scenario for the Taxaceae, that involved a West- ern Europe Early Jurassic cradle and expansion to their Holarctic modern distribution.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.01.003
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Hydrodynamic Characterization of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SuDS) by Using Beerkan Infiltration Experiments
auteur
Sofia Bouarafa, Laurent Lassabatère, Gislain Lipeme-Kouyi, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo
article
Water, 2019, 11 (4), pp.660. ⟨10.3390/w11040660⟩
resume
Stormwater management techniques in urban areas, such as sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS), are designed to manage rainwater through an infiltration process. In order to determine the infiltration capacities of different SuDS and to identify their unsaturated hydraulic properties, measurements with the Beerkan method (i.e., single ring infiltration tests) were carried out on four types of common infiltration structures in an urban zone of Lyon (France): A drainage ditch with an underlying storage structure, a parking lot with a waterproof pavement that transfers runoff water toward the ditch, a vegetated hollow core slab, and an embankment of a grass-covered garden that was used as a reference for rainwater infiltration capacity. The novelty of this study lies in the use of three Beerkan estimation of soil transfer parameters (BEST) algorithms: BEST-slope, BEST-intercept, and BEST-steady to analyze infiltration data. The BEST methods are based on the analysis of the infiltration rate from transient to steady-state flow. They allow the determination of both shape and scale parameters of the soil water retention curve h(θ) and the hydraulic conductivity curve K(θ). The three BEST methods are efficient and simple for hydraulic characterization of SuDS. The study of the hydrodynamic behavior of the four structures revealed the infiltration inefficiency of some of them. Their average infiltration rates are considerably lower than the reference infiltration rain garden. The results confirmed the impact of some physical conditions, such as pore structure modification due to invasive vegetation colonization and the presence of soil organic matter, on soil hydrodynamic behavior degradation.
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DOI : 10.3390/w11040660
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Seasonal variation in mobbing behaviour of passerine birds
auteur
Mylène Dutour, Marion Cordonnier, Jean-Paul Léna, Thierry Lengagne
article
Wilson journal of ornithology, 2019, 160 (2), pp.509-514. ⟨10.1007/s10336-019-01630-5⟩
resume
When they detect a predator, many birds exhibit mobbing behaviour and produce mobbing calls that quickly draw other prey against the predator. This anti-predator strategy often involves several species and, therefore, implies heterospecific communication. As fledging and nestling stages could be particularly targeted by predators, a high mobbing intensity is to be expected during the breeding season. While recognizing other species’ mobbing calls is critical to setting up this behav- iour, to date, we have no information about the perception of these calls with regard to the season. Here, we used playbacks of mobbing calls to study the variation in response of the Great Tit (Parus major) and the Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) exposed to the mobbing calls of two heterospecific species, the Eurasian Nuthatch (Sitta europaea), and the Eurasian Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes). To investigate mobbing response seasonality, we conducted playback experiments during spring (breeding season) and autumn (non-breeding season). Contrary to most previous studies, we found that mobbing intensity was greater in autumn than in spring. Additionally, although neither Nuthatch nor Wren is related to the Tit family, we found that both Tit species responded more to the former than the latter species. At the heterospecific communication level, this study demonstrates a previously unsuspected level of complexity in the use of mobbing calls.
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DOI : 10.1007/s10336-019-01630-5
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Slow natal dispersal across a homogeneous landscape suggests the use of mixed movement behaviours during dispersal in the Darwin's frog
auteur
Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez, Hugo Cayuela, Benedikt Schmidt, Andrew Cunningham, Claudio Soto-Azat
article
Animal Behaviour, 2019, 150, pp.77-86. ⟨10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.01.026⟩
resume
Dispersal is a key process in ecology and evolution. Both theoretical and empirical evidence in actively dispersing organisms support the general notion that the use of nearly straight dispersal paths is a highly ef␣cient way to maximize dispersal success in heterogenous landscapes. In homogeneous landscapes, in contrast, the bene␣ts of a straighter dispersal path could be outweighed by an increase in risk costs, favouring the evolution of tortuous dispersal paths resulting in a relatively slow dispersal. Empirical support for this theoretical prediction, however, has remained elusive. To explore this theoretical pre- diction, we studied the movement behaviour of the southern Darwin's frog, Rhinoderma darwinii, a fully terrestrial amphibian inhabiting a highly homogeneous environment (i.e. South American temperate forest). Using spatial captureerecapture data collected over a 4-year period in wild populations, in combination with statistical and simulation modelling, we found evidence of a slow natal dispersal lasting one year or more. In contrast, adults exhibited high site ␣delity, having a median annual displacement of 3.64 m. A correlated random walk model produced synthetic distributions of juvenile annual displacement that were nearly identical to the empirical data, suggesting that a plausible explanation of juvenile dispersal is the use of routine movements (with high path tortuosity) over short temporal scales (<3 months) integrated over the year along a relatively straight dispersal path. We predict that for species living in homogenous landscapes, this behaviour likely reduces many of the costs associated with the transient stage of dispersal. Speci␣cally, periods of routine movements might reduce risk costs (e.g. dying due to starvation or predation), while the integration of these periods along a straight line maximizes dispersal distance while minimizing energetic costs.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.01.026
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Repeated reduction in parasite diversity in invasive populations of Xenopus laevis: a global experiment in enemy release
auteur
Anneke Lincoln Schoeman, Natasha Kruger, Jean Secondi, Louis Heyns Du Preez
article
Biological Invasions, 2019, 21 (4), pp.1323-1338. ⟨10.1007/s10530-018-1902-1⟩
resume
The introduction of species to multiple continents creates natural experiments suited to the evaluation of ecological hypotheses. For the Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH), which postulates that the success of invasive populations hinges upon release from the effects of their natural enemies, assessments of parasite loss during invasion across independent geographical replicates are scarce. This study is the first to test the ERH for a globally invasive amphibian, Xenopus laevis, a successful invader on four conti- nents with a well-described parasite fauna. In this study, the metazoan parasite communities of X. laevis from 20 invasive and 27 native sites in five countries and three continents were compared. An overall pattern of reduced parasite diversity in invasive X. laevis was not yet countered by acquisition of novel parasites. Invasive X. laevis harboured impoverished parasite communities that were distinct from those of native X. laevis from undisturbed habitats. Con- versely, parasite communities from native X. laevis from disturbed habitats were similar to those from the invasive range. Accompanying parasites were com- mon in the native range and included both generalists with indirect and specialists with direct life cycles. Our findings emphasise that parasite loss is character- istic of the invasion process of X. laevis and possibly contributes to its success as a global invader. The ERH is supported in terms of metazoan parasites as natural enemies, irrespective of the geographical origin, climatic conditions and invasion history of the host populations. This study also draws attention to para- sites that co-invade with their hosts as invaders in their own right.
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DOI : 10.1007/s10530-018-1902-1
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Na + /K + ‐ ATP ase gene duplications in clitellate annelids are associated with freshwater colonization
auteur
Kevin Horn, Bronwyn Williams, Christer Erséus, Kenneth Halanych, Scott Santos, Michel Creuzé Des Châtelliers, Frank Anderson
article
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2019, 32 (6), pp.580-591. ⟨10.1111/jeb.13439⟩
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DOI : 10.1111/jeb.13439
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Range limits in sympatric cryptic species: a case study in Tetramorium pavement ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) across a biogeographical boundary
auteur
Marion Cordonnier, Arnaud Bellec, Adeline Dumet, Gilles Escarguel, Bernard Kaufmann
article
Insect conservation and diversity, 2019, 12 (2), pp.109-120. ⟨10.1111/icad.12316⟩
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1. In the context of climate changes, factors that determine the distri- bution patterns of European species of the ubiquitous ant genus Tetramorium were investigated. 2. The study took place along a steep North-South climatic gradient across the boundary between the European Continental and Mediterranean biogeo- graphical regions spanning 460 km along the Rho^ne valley, France. 3. Ants from 1690 Tetramorium colonies were collected in 19 sampling zones. Species were identified using an integrative approach based on a two-step pro- cess combining nuclear DNA (14 microsatellite markers), morphological exami- nation and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I sequencing. The impact of climate on species distribution patterns was tested using bioclimatic vari- ables. 4. Species discrimination was successful, despite a complex situation with cryptic species, inter-specific hybridisation and uneven sampling across species. Our results showed a strong effect of latitude, temperature and rainfall on the distribution of three of four species. Tetramorium semilaeve was found only south of the boundary, in warmer and dryer sites; Tetramorium caespitum extended north and 70 km south of the boundary and favoured colder sites with strong seasonal variation. Tetramorium immigrans was absent from the northernmost sampling zones and favoured warmer and wetter sites. Tetramor- ium moravicum was mostly found close to the boundary, but without significant climatic preferences. 5. The fundamental role of climate as a factor limiting the ranges of these species at a major biogeographical boundary is confirmed. Monitoring range limits of these strongly climate-dependant species may offer exciting insights on the impact of climate changes on species distributions.
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DOI : 10.1111/icad.12316
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Straw mulch as a sustainable solution to decrease runoff and erosion in glyphosate-treated clementine plantations in Eastern Spain. An assessment using rainfall simulation experiments
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S.D. Keesstra, J. Rodrigo-Comino, A. Novara, A. Giménez-Morera, M. Pulido, Simone Di Prima, A. Cerdà
article
CATENA, 2019, 174, pp.95-103. ⟨10.1016/j.catena.2018.11.007⟩
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In many Mediterranean areas, citrus orchards exhibit high soil loss rates because of the expansion of drip irrigation that allows cultivation on sloping terrain and the widespread use of glyphosate. To mitigate these non-sustainable soil losses, straw mulch could be applied as an efficient solution but this has been poorly studied. Therefore, the main goal of this paper was to assess the use of straw mulch as a tool to reduce soil losses in clementine plantations, which can be considered representative of a typical Mediterranean citrus orchard. A total of 40 rainfall simulation experiments were carried out on 20 pairs of neighbouring bare and mulched plots. Each experiment involved applying 38.8 mm of rain at a constant rate over 1 h to a circular plot of 0.28 m2 circular plots. The results showed that a cover of 50% of straw (60 g m−2) was able to delay the time to ponding from 32 to 52 s and the time to runoff initiation from 57 to 129 s. Also, the mulching reduced the runoff coefficient from 65.6 to 50.5%. The effect on sediment transport was even more pronounced, as the straw mulch reduced the sediment concentration from 16.7 g l−1 to 3.6 g l−1 and the soil erosion rates from 439 g to 73 g. Our results indicated that mulching can be used as a useful management practice to control soil erosion rates due to the immediate effect on high soil detachment rate and runoff initiation reduction in conventional clementine orchards on sloping land, by slowing down runoff initiation and by reducing runoff generation and, especially, sediment losses. We indirectly concluded that straw mulch is also a sustainable solution in glyphosate-treated citrus plantations.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.catena.2018.11.007
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Environmentally mediated reproductive success predicts breeding dispersal decisions in an early successional amphibian
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Laurent Boualit, Julian Pichenot, Aurélien Besnard, Rémi Helder, Pierre Joly, Hugo Cayuela
article
Animal Behaviour, 2019, 149, pp.107-120. ⟨10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.01.008⟩
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Dispersal is a central mechanism in ecology and evolution. Dispersal evolution is driven by a trade-off between costs and benefits, which is influenced by interindividual variability and local environmental conditions (context-dependent dispersal). Many studies have investigated how dispersal decisions may be influenced by environmental factors, including density, predation and interspecific competition. Yet few have attempted to examine how habitat disturbance may affect the dispersal process in spatially structured populations. In early successional species, one might expect individuals to adjust their dispersal decisions based on two main factors that potentially have an influence on reproductive success: patch size and the level of patch disturbance. In this study, we examined how these two factors affect breeding success and dispersal decisions in an early successional amphibian, the yellow-bellied toad, Bombina variegata. To this end, we used capture–recapture data collected on a spatially structured population occupying 28 breeding patches. We took advantage of recent developments in multievent capture–recapture models to detect signs of context-dependent dispersal. The results revealed that the probability of successful reproduction and the number of newly metamorphosed individuals increased with both the size and the proportion of disturbance of a patch. In addition, our results showed that the factors affecting breeding success also influenced breeding dispersal probability. Large patch size negatively influenced emigration probability; in contrast, it positively influenced immigration probability. Equally, higher disturbance had a strong negative influence on emigration probability and slightly positively affected immigration probability. These findings strongly suggest that individuals make context-dependent dispersal decisions, adjusted to maximize future fitness prospects in a patch, allowing them to better cope with rapid changes in environmental conditions resulting from the ecological succession process. This opens new areas of potential research into the role of dispersal in organism specialization along an ecological succession gradient.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.01.008
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PER-SIMPER-A new tool for inferring community assembly processes from taxon occurrences
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Corentin Gibert Bret, Gilles Escarguel
article
Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2019, 28 (3), pp.374-385. ⟨10.1111/geb.12859⟩
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DOI : 10.1111/geb.12859
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The relevance of Philip theory to Haverkamp quasi-exact implicit analytical formulation and its uses to predict soil hydraulic properties
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Mehdi Rahmati, Borja Latorre, Laurent Lassabatère, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, David Moret-Fernández
article
Journal of Hydrology, 2019, 570, pp.816-826. ⟨10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.01.038⟩
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The quasi-exact implicit (QEI) analytical formulation of Haverkamp equation, which might be also known as Parlange model, and its one- and two-term approximate expansions are among the mostly used equations for in situ determination of soil sorptivity, S, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, from unsaturated one-dimensional (1D) cumulative infiltration into soils. However, from practical point of view, the approximate expansions are only valid from short to intermediate times and the QEI analytical formulation has a complex resolution, which makes its use complicated in inverting procedures. Therefore, alternative functions are needed to compute cumulative infiltration for longer times and improve inverting procedures for easier, more robust and accurate predictions of S and Ks. In this regard, current work presents and evaluates a new three-term approximation of the QEI analytical formulation. As a first step, we checked the accuracy of the proposed three-term approximate expansion with respect to the QEI formulation for three different soils (sand, loam and silt) in order to define its time domain validity. Next, the accuracy of the three-term approximate expansion to estimate S, Ks and the β parameter was compared to those obtained with one- and two-term approximate expansions. Lastly, a large dataset of field experimental data was inverted using the proposed three approximate expansions and the QEI analytical formulation, and goodness of fits predicted and measured cumulative infiltration curves and accuracy of the parameters (S, Ks and the β) estimates were compared. The results revealed that the three-term approximate has a larger validity time interval compared to one- and two-term approximate expansions, which allows its use for larger infiltration times durations resulting in more accurate estimates of Ks. Its capability of estimating S is also improved. The accurate prediction of β parameter is not still guaranteed for none of the approximate expansions. Compared to the one- and two-term approximate expansions, the experimental infiltration data usage revealed that the three-term approximate expansion resulted in higher performance and better prediction of hydraulic parameters.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.01.038
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Contribution of trace metallic elements to weakly contaminated lacustrine sediments: effects on benthic and pelagic organisms through multi-species laboratory bioassays
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Nathalie Lécrivain, Victor Frossard, Bernard Clement
article
Ecotoxicology, 2019, 28 (2), pp.154-166. ⟨10.1007/s10646-018-2008-3⟩
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Surficial sediments exhibit higher levels of contamination than overlying water, especially from persistent contaminants such as trace metallic elements (TMEs). While sediments could in turn act as sources of contamination for the water column, their ecotoxicology is yet rarely assessed in a multi-compartments perspective. This study aims at assessing the response of benthic and pelagic organisms exposed to weakly contaminated sediments using a multi-species laboratory assay by focusing on TMEs (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) contamination. Chironomus riparius larvae, Daphnia magna, and Lemna minor were simultaneously exposed for 10 days to six sediments sampled from the littoral of a large French lake (Lake Bourget). The endpoints consisted in the survival and growth rates and the bioconcentration factor (BCF). Significant negative relationships between sediment TME concentrations and survival rates of C. riparius and growth rates of C. riparius and D. magna suggested that both benthic and pelagic macro-invertebrates were impacted by sediment contamination, which was not observed in L. minor. Significant relationships of the sediment with the internal TME concentrations were positive while negative with the BCFs, suggesting an increase in biological regulation processes in all organisms with the increase of sediment TME concentrations. These results underline the importance of including both benthic and pelagic organisms in ecotoxicological assessment of low contaminated sediments and the relevance of the relationship BCFs/sediment contamination as prior biomarkers than higher life history traits.
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DOI : 10.1007/s10646-018-2008-3
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Phosphorus mobility in dam reservoir affected by redox oscillations: An experimental study
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Anne Rapin, Malgorzata Grybos, Marion Rabiet, Brice Mourier, Véronique Deluchat
article
Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2019, 77, pp.250-263
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Early Jurassic flora from the city of Mende (Lozère): Synthesis of the historical sites, new sedimentological, palaeontological, and palaeoenvironmental data
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Jean-David Moreau, Marc Philippe, Frédéric Thévenard
article
Comptes Rendus. Palevol, 2019, 18 (2), pp.159-177. ⟨10.1016/j.crpv.2018.07.002⟩
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During the 20th century, because of urbanization, most palaeontological sites yielding plants (Hettangian–Sinemurian in age) from the city of Mende have disappeared, or they have been forgotten. This article presents a synthesis of sites yielding plants, from their discoveries in the 19th century to recent prospecting. New lithostratigra- phic and palaeobotanical data are brought for two historic sites (Ravin del Pouset and Petit Séminaire), as well as two new localities (Causse d’Auge road and Gardès road). This study reveals the diversity of plant-containing lithofacies (dolomudstone, marl, limestone/calcarenite and oo-bioclastic limestone) and the diversity of plant preser- vations (charcoalified compressions with or without cuticle, isolated cuticle, external casts/impressions). Microfaciological study of plant beds demonstrates the diversity of depositional environments. Protected, restricted and shallow environments with low wave exposure and probable euryhaline conditions are clearly the most favourable to the accu- mulation and the preservation of fossil plants. These early Liassic palaeofloras, among the southernmost yet reported for Laurasia, are of significance for the plant geography and global paleoecology at that time.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.crpv.2018.07.002
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Threshold effect in the H2O2 production of skeletal muscle mitochondria during fasting and refeeding
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Damien Roussel, Mélanie Boël, Mathieu Mortz, Caroline Romestaing, Claude Duchamp, Yann Voituron
article
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2019, 222 (4, jeb196188), pp.1-8. ⟨10.1242/jeb.196188⟩
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Under nutritional deprivation, the energetic benefits of reducing mitochondrial metabolism are often associated with enhanced harmful pro-oxidant effects and a subsequent long-term negative impact on cellular integrity. However, the flexibility of mitochondrial functioning under stress has rarely been explored during the transition from basal non-phosphorylating to maximal phosphorylating oxygen consumption. Here, we experimentally tested whether ducklings (Cairina moscnata), fasted for 6 days and subsequently refed for 3 days, exhibited modifications to their mitochondrial fluxes, i.e. oxygen consumption, ATP synthesis, reactive oxygen species generation (ROS) and associated ratios, such as the electron leak (% ROS/O) and the oxidative cost of ATP production (% ROS/ATP). This was carried out at different steady-state rates of oxidative phosphorylation in both pectoralis (glycolytic) and gastrocnemius (oxidative) muscles. Fasting induced a decrease in the rates of oxidative phosphorylation and maximal ROS release. These changes were completely reversed by 3 days of refeeding. Yet, the fundamental finding of the present study was the existence of a clear threshold in ROS release and associated ratios, which remained low until a low level of mitochondrial activity was reached (30-40% of maximal oxidative phosphorylation activity).
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DOI : 10.1242/jeb.196188
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Miocene fire intensification linked to continuous aridification on the Tibetan Plateau
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Yunfa Miao, Fuli Wu, Sophie Warny, Xiaomin Fang, Haijian Lu, Bihong Fu, Chunhui Song, Xiaoli Yan, Gilles Escarguel, Yibo Yan, Qingquan Meng, Pilong Shi
article
Geology, 2019, 47 (4), pp.303-307. ⟨10.1130/G45720.1⟩
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Although fire is considered an important factor in global vegetation evolution and cli- mate change, few high-resolution Miocene fire records have been obtained worldwide. Here, two independent micro-charcoal–based fire records from the northern Tibetan Plateau were analyzed; both show similar trends in micro- charcoal concentrations through time, with low abundances in the warmer Middle Miocene Climate Optimum (18–14 Ma) followed by a continuous increase throughout the late Mio- cene (14–5 Ma) cooling. Our detailed statistical analyses show that the micro-charcoal concen- tration trend is highly positively correlated to the trend in oxygen isotopes (δ18O, r = 0.94) and xerophytic species (%Xero, r = 0.95). We propose that the intensified fire frequency on the Tibetan Plateau mainly originated from the forest-steppe ecotone as a result of the continuous aridifica- tion in winter driven by the global cooling and decreased atmospheric pCO2 that occurred dur- ing 18–5 Ma, with a secondary control by the tectonic activity of the northern Tibetan Plateau.
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DOI : 10.1130/G45720.1
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Beerkan multi-runs for characterizing water infiltration and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties across scales
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Laurent Lassabatère, Simone Di Prima, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, Saskia Keesstra, David Salesa
article
Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2019, 64 (2), pp.165-178. ⟨10.1080/02626667.2018.1560448⟩
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A method is presented for characterizing the spatial variability of water infiltration and soil hydraulic properties at the transect and field scales. The method involves monitoring a set of 10 Beerkan runs distributed over a 1-m length of soil, and running BEST (Beerkan estimation of soil transfer parameters) methods to derive hydraulic parameters. The Beerkan multi-runs (BMR) method provides a significant amount of data at the transect scale, allowing the determination of correlations between water infiltration variables and hydraulic parameters, and the detection of specific runs affected by preferential flow or water repellence. The realization of several BMRs at several transects on the same site allows comparison of the variation between locations (spatial variability at the field scale) and at the transect scale (spatial variability at the metre scale), using analysis of variance. From the results, we determined the spatial variability of water infiltration and hydraulic parameters as well as its characteristic scale (transect versus field).
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DOI : 10.1080/02626667.2018.1560448
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Plant hosts control microbial denitrification activity
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Wafa Achouak, Danis Abrouk, Julien Guyonnet, ​mohamed Barakat, Philippe Ortet, Laurent Simon, Catherine Lerondelle, Thierry Heulin, Feth El Zahar Haichar
article
FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2019, 95 (3), pp.fiz021. ⟨10.1093/femsec/fiz021⟩
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In the rhizosphere, complex and dynamic interactions occur between plants and microbial networks that are primarily mediated by root exudation. Plants exude various metabolites that may influence the rhizosphere microbiota. However, few studies have sought to understand the role of root exudation in shaping the functional capacities of the microbiota. In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of plants on the diversity of active microbiota and their ability to denitrify via root exudates. For that purpose, we grew four plant species, Triticum aestivum, Brassica napus, Medicago truncatula and Arabidopsis thaliana separately in the same soil. We extracted RNA from the root-adhering soil and the root tissues, and we analysed the bacterial diversity by using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. We measured denitrification activity and denitrification gene expression (nirK and nirS) from each root-adhering soil sample and the root tissues using gas chromatography and quantitative PCR, respectively. We demonstrated that plant species shape denitrification activity and modulate the diversity of the active microbiota through root exudation. We observed a positive effect of T. aestivum and A. thaliana on denitrification activity and nirK gene expression on the root systems. Together, our results underscore the potential power of host plants in controlling microbial activities.
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DOI : 10.1093/femsec/fiz021
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Glacial refugia in the south‐western Alps?
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Christopher Carcaillet, Olivier Blarquez
article
New Phytologist, 2019, 222 (2), pp.663-667. ⟨10.1111/nph.15673⟩
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DOI : 10.1111/nph.15673
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Where has the pollution gone? A survey of organic contaminants in Ho Chi Minh city / Saigon River (Vietnam) bed sediments
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Marc Babut, Brice Mourier, Marc Desmet, Caroline Simonnet-Laprade, Pierre Labadie, Hélène Budzinski, Luiz de Alencastro, Tran Anh Tu, Emilie Strady, Nicolas Gratiot
article
Chemosphere, 2019, 217, pp.261-269. ⟨10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.008⟩
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A wide range of persistent organic chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some insecticides, as well as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and some perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were analyzed in 17 bed sediments collected along the Saigon River and at adjacent canal mouths from upstream to downstream in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). Concentrations were rather low for PAHs, as well as for legacy PCBs and dichloro-diphenyl-trichlorethane and metabolites (DDTs), or below detection limits for several PFASs and all PBDEs measured. Several insecticides (chlorpyrifos-ethyl, and the pyrethroids cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin) displayed rather high concentrations at a few sites within the city. There was no distinct upstream – downstream trend for PAHs, (DDTs) or PCBs. Although adjacent canal sediments tended to be more contaminated than Saigon River sediments, the differences were not significant. Emissions are almost certainly substantial for PAHs, and probably also for other contaminants such as PBDEs and some PFASs. During the dry season, contaminants are presumably stored in the city, either in canals or on urban surfaces. Heavy rainfall during the monsoon period carries away contaminated particle flows into the canals and then the Saigon River. The strong tidal influence in the river channel hinders the accumulation of contaminated particles. Contaminated deposits should accordingly be investigated further downstream in depositional environments, such as the mangrove.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.008
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Microalgal whole-cell biomarkers as sensitive tools for fast toxicity and pollution monitoring of urban wet weather discharges
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Antoine Gosset, Claude Durrieu, Pauline Barbe, Christine Bazin, Rémy Bayard
article
Chemosphere, 2019, 217, pp.522-533. ⟨10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.033⟩
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Urban wet weather discharge (UWWD) management is an important issue. UWWD often represents a significant source of pollution in all aquatic bodies. The occurrence of this pollution is difficult to predict due to the variability of storm events and the unknown contents of urban watershed leached out by rain. Previous studies have tried to demonstrate the ecotoxic impact of UWWD. However, most of them merely highlight the limitations of classic monospecific bioassays, given the high dilution of micropollutants or the presence of nutrients masking toxic effects. Overcoming this problem is therefore of great interest. In this study, we demonstrated the utility of a battery of biomarkers (e.g. membrane permeability, chlorophyll fluorescence, esterase and alkaline phosphatase activities) on the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris to detect the toxic effects of 7 UWWD samples after short exposures (2 and 24 h). These biomarkers are linked to microalgal life traits. Complementarily, monospecific bioassays were carried on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Chlorella vulgaris, Daphnia magna and Heterocypris incongruens to compare their sensitivity to the UWWD samples. No toxic effect was detected in any of the bioassays. Yet, algal biomarkers indicated a disturbance in microalgae physiology, and particularly a perturbation of chlorophyll fluorescence, which was observed in all of the samples tested. While algal membrane permeability was affected by only one UWWD, these two enzymatic activities were stimulated or inhibited depending on the sample. Finally, this study demonstrates the sensitivity of algal biomarkers and the need to develop new, fruitful approaches to characterizing UWWD toxicity.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.033
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New insights from multidimensional trait space responses to competition in two clonal plant species
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Anne-Kristel Bittebiere, Hugo Saiz, Cendrine Mony
article
Functional Ecology, 2019, 33 (2), pp.297-307. ⟨10.1111/1365-2435.13220⟩
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1. Trait intraspecific variability determines community dynamics and species coexistence. In response to competition, plants can display intraspecific variability to enhance their competitive ability or stabilise their niche differences with competitors. This response is multidimensional because it involves changes along different functional axes and inevitable trade‐offs between traits. Here, we transposed the recent concept of the multidimensional trait space to the analysis of intraspecific plant response to competition. We specifically tested the following: (a) in the absence of competitors, the plant multidimensional trait space will be packed towards strategies promoting plant colonisation; and (b) with competitors, the plant multidimensional trait space will be directed towards competition with its size and shaping characteristics dependent on competitor species richness.2. We studied trait intraspecific variability of two clonal species, Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P. Beauv. and Elytrigia repens (L.) Gould, in response to competition. We analysed plant response in the absence of competitors and in competition. Competition treatments included intraspecific and interspecific experimental mixtures with increasing species richness. For each target species and each treatment, we built an hypervolume based on six traits involved in the three‐dimensional competition (i.e., ramet and connection traits). We measured these hypervolumes for their size, similarity and the contribution of traits in their shaping.3. In the absence of competitors and for both species, we demonstrated a multidimensional trait space packing towards a colonisation strategy. Under competition, the multidimensional trait spaces of the two target species were the widest at the extremes of the richness gradient, that is, intraspecific and interspecific high richness competition treatments. High intraspecific variability either promoted niche differentiation from individuals of similar species or reflected the large range of competitive responses deployed when plants were faced with many different competitor identities. The multidimensional response process was based on fine adjustments of various traits depending on the surrounding neighbourhood composition and more specifically, on the competitor functional similarity with the target species.4. This study emphasises the multidimensionality of species competitive response, and also underlines the so far neglected importance of competitor species richness for trait intraspecific variability and subsequently community assembly.
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DOI : 10.1111/1365-2435.13220
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Achene traits involved in the water dispersal of the invasive Fallopia × bohemica complex: Variability and dispersal strategies
auteur
Barbara Lamberti-Raverot, Florence Piola, Félix Vallier, Vanessa Gardette, Sara Puijalon
article
Flora, 2019, 251, pp.88-94. ⟨10.1016/j.flora.2019.01.002⟩
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Secondary dispersal of terrestrial plant species through watercourses increases the dispersal range of floating seeds but their exposure to water may also challenge their viability and colonisation potential. Many terrestrial invasive species benefit from watercourses to extend their invasive range because water exposure can favour seed germination and early survival of seedlings for species sensitive to dry conditions and water flow enhances their dispersal distance downstream. Floatability, germination rate and survival after water exposure are seed traits involved in water dispersal and their variability may lead to different dispersal strategies. To address the question of the variability of achene traits involved in dispersal, we experimentally measured these three traits for Fallopia × bohemica achenes collected from 10 different stands. The floatability of achenes varied between stands from 2.5 to 5 days and their germination in water extended this period to 20 days through the emergence of floating seedlings. Germination proportions also differed between stands from 0.3 to 0.95 and were negatively related to the median germination time. Seedling survival after planting in soil was affected by their exposure time. This effect differed between stands, but a short germination time did not explain a better survival of some stands. These results show that achenes may differ in their dispersal potential in terms of floatability, as well as tolerance of seedlings to water exposure during dispersal. This study also highlights the fact that achenes of some stands present a combination of traits particularly adapted to long distance dispersal through watercourses, which can contribute to the extension of the invaded area.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.flora.2019.01.002
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Functional classification of artificial alluvial ponds driven by connectivity with the river: Consequences for restoration
auteur
Sophie Guillon, Maxine Thorel, Nicolas Flipo, Benjamin Oursel, Cécile Claret, Stéphanie Fayolle, Céline Bertrand, Bianca Räpple, Hervé Piégay, Jean-Michel Olivier, Antonin Vienney, Pierre Marmonier, Evelyne Franquet
article
Ecological Engineering, 2019, 127, pp.394-403. ⟨10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.12.018⟩
resume
Chemical and biological functioning of artificial wetlands and lakes in alluvial plains is investigated based on the example of small artificial ponds located within dike fields along the Rhône River (France). The objective is to identify the diversity of metabolism in these artificial aquatic ecosystems and to propose a functional classification linked to the connectivity with the river. A comprehensive characterization of chemical and biological parameters in six shallow ponds was conducted, along with 4-month continuous monitoring of temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration, both in the sub-surface and at depth. Metabolism intensity is quantified using the diel oxygen method. Multivariate analysis of chemical and biological characteristics is performed to identify the functional heterogeneity between the ponds, which is shown to be consistent with the intensity of primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). Some ponds are permanently connected to the river, like backwater, and are very turbid, because of suspended matter and the presence of phytoplankton. The oxyge-nation is limited to the surface layer with anoxia rapidly building up at the bottom due to an intense ER. Ponds that are rarely connected become eutrophic with large concentration of phytoplankton and large GPP and ER values. Anoxia and even denitrification occur close to the bottom sediment. Finally, in the ponds with intermediate degree of connection with the river, macrophytes grow in clear water with limited amount of phyto-plankton, resulting in a gradient of GPP and ER values, controlled by nutrient availability. Rehabilitation of various connection patterns with the river is thus crucial to maintain a functional diversity in large river alluvial plains.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.12.018
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Roles of oestradiol receptor alpha and beta against hypertension and brain mitochondrial dysfunction under intermittent hypoxia in female rats
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Sofien Laouafa, Damien Roussel, François Marcouiller, Jorge Soliz, David Gozal, Aida Bairam, Vincent Joseph
article
Acta Physiologica, 2019, 226:e13255 (2), pp.1-11. ⟨10.1111/apha.13255⟩
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Aim Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) induces systemic (hypertension) and central alterations (mitochondrial dysfunction underlying cognitive deficits). We hypothesized that agonists of oestradiol receptors (ER) α and β prevent CIH‐induced hypertension and brain mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods Ovariectomized female rats were implanted with osmotic pumps delivering vehicle (Veh), the ERα agonist propylpyraoletriol (PPT — 30 μg/kg/day) or the ERβ agonist diarylpropionitril (DPN — 100 μg/kg/day). Animals were exposed to CIH (21%‐10% FIO2 — 10 cycles/hour – 8 hours/day – 7 days) or normoxia. Arterial blood pressure was measured after CIH or normoxia exposures. Mitochondrial respiration and H2O2 production were measured in brain cortex with high‐resolution respirometry, as well as activity of complex I and IV of the electron transport chain, citrate synthase, pyruvate, and lactate dehydrogenase (PDH and LDH). Results Propylpyraoletriol but not DPN prevented the rise of arterial pressure induced by CIH. CIH exposures decreased O2 consumption, complex I activity, and increased H2O2 production. CIH had no effect on citrate synthase activity, but decreased PDH activity and increased LDH activity indicating higher anaerobic glycolysis. Propylpyraoletriol and DPN treatments prevented all these alterations. Conclusions We conclude that in OVX female rats, the ERα agonist prevents from CIH‐induced hypertension while both ERα and ERβ agonists prevent the brain mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic switch induced by CIH. These findings may have implications for menopausal women suffering of sleep apnoea regarding hormonal therapy.
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DOI : 10.1111/apha.13255
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Contribution of the surface water - groundwater interfaces to river biodiversity: example of a Mediterranean river, the Cèze River
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Pierre Marmonier, Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Michel Creuzé Des Châtelliers, Herve Chapuis, Jordan Ré-Bahuaud, Anne Johannet, Laurent Cadilhac
article
Physio-Géo - Géographie Physique et Environnement, 2019, 13, pp.75-90. ⟨10.4000/physio-geo.7718⟩
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DOI : 10.4000/physio-geo.7718
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Discovery of a new species of the genus Stygepactophanes from a groundwater-fed spring in southern France (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae)
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Diana M.P. Galassi, Frank Fiers, Marie-Josè Dole-Olivier, Barbara Fiasca
article
Zookeys, 2019, 812, pp.69-91. ⟨10.3897/zookeys.812.29764⟩
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A new species of the genus Stygepactophanes Moeschler & Rouch, 1984 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae) is established to accommodate a small canthocamptid population collected from a spring system in the “Parc du Mercantour”, Var catchment, southern France. The population analysed in the present study is defined by a set of morphological characters of the female, namely a very large maxilliped, a rudimentary mandibular palp, P1 with 3-segmented exopod and 2-segmented endopod, a falcate terminal claw of the P1 endopod, dorsal seta of caudal rami inserted on the inner margin, and anal operculum not overreaching the insertion of the caudal rami, thus supporting its assignment into the genus Stygepactophanes . The new species Stygepactophanesoccitanus shows marked differences with the nominotypical species of the genus that was originally described by monotypy with the species Stygepactophanesjurassicus Moeschler & Rouch, 1984. The main diagnostic traits of S.jurassicus are the absence of the P5 and a falcate outer terminal claw of P1 endopod. Stygepactophanesjurassicus also shows a reduced armature of the antennal exopod, bearing one seta, 1-segmented P2–P4 endopods, a reduced armature of P2–P4 exopodal segments 3 (3,4,4 armature elements, respectively), P6 bearing only one long seta, a rounded short and smooth anal operculum. Conversely the female of S.occitanus Galassi & Fiers, sp. n. has a well-developed P5, with rudimentary intercoxal sclerite, together with a falcate outer terminal claw of P1 endopod, antennal exopod bearing two elements, P4 endopod 1-segmented versus 2-segmented in P2–P3, P2–P4 exopodal segment 3 with five armature elements, P6 with three setae of different lengths, rounded anal operculum, bearing 3–4 strong spinules. According to our present knowledge, S.occitanus Galassi & Fiers, sp. n. is assigned to the genus Stygepactophanes as the most conservative solution, waiting for the male to be discovered. The genus Stygepactophanes represents a distinct lineage within the harpacticoid family Canthocamptidae that colonised southern European groundwater, the genus being known only from the saturated karst in Switzerland and a fissured saturated aquifer in southern France. Both species of the genus are stygobites and narrow endemics, the nominotypical species being known from the type locality Source de la Doux in Délemont (Switzerland), and S.occitanus Galassi & Fiers, sp. n. described herein from a spring system of the Var catchment (France).
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DOI : 10.3897/zookeys.812.29764
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Identification of the artifact contribution to two urban Technosols by coupling a sorting test, chemical analyses, and a least absolute residual procedure
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Thomas Lenoir, Myriam Duc, Laurent Lassabatère, Katia Bellagh
article
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2019, 19 (2), pp. 683-701. ⟨10.1007/s11368-018-2074-4⟩
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PurposeIn the context of urban extension, the depletion of natural resources for construction constitutes a crucial issue. Specifically, in the field of earthworks, the amounts of materials can be massive and pose the crucial problem of resource shortage. Therefore, the reuse of excavated urban soils from foundation layers as new earthwork construction materials appears to be a sustainable and promising solution. Before repurposing, a better knowledge of urban soils and their potential pollutant load is compulsory.Materials and methodsIn this paper, two soils excavated from the town of Paris are studied. After the stripping of their surface, to remove organic matter and surface pollution, the matrixes were submitted to elemental analyses using ICP-OES, C/S measurements, and XRF techniques. The elemental analyses were carried out on the whole materials, on three granulometric fractions (<80m, 80-400m, >400m) and on the families of artifacts (i.e., construction and demolition wastes, natural gravel, industrial wastes, magnetic, and non-magnetic slags) found in the soils. The combination of elemental analyses and a least absolute residual (LAR) procedure were used to quantify artifact contributions in all granulometric fractions.Results and discussionThe soils exhibit evidence of anthropic inputs with high contents of pollutants under the forms of carbonaceous, sulfur mineral and metallic alloys. Carbonaceous and trace pollutions are concentrated in magnetic and non-magnetic slags, while sulfur and strontium pollutions are concentrated in gypsum components. In both cases, all the granulometric fractions (including whole material) can be retrieved as a combination of artifact composition, suggesting that the Technosols mainly result from the mixture of these artifacts. The amounts of natural material, gypsum components, and magnetic slags increase with the fineness of the fractions. In contrary, the amount of non-magnetic slags decrease with the fineness of the fractions and suggests that the processes of slag weathering are not similar: carbonaceous slags are more stable than iron-enriched slags.ConclusionsThe elemental analyses of granulometric fractions of soils and the artifacts using LAR analyses help in identifying the compositions of each granulometric fraction and give insight into the evolution of artifacts in the soil. These tools are also promising regarding the assessment of geo-environmental characteristics of urban soils, which in turn provides relevant information regarding management and reuse.
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DOI : 10.1007/s11368-018-2074-4
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Demographic and genetic collapses in spatially structured populations: insights from a long-term survey in wild fish metapopulations
auteur
Eglantine Mathieu-Bégné, Géraldine Loot, Mathieu Chevalier, Ivan Paz‐vinas, Simon Blanchet
article
Oikos, 2019, 128 (2), pp.196-207. ⟨10.1111/oik.05511⟩
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Unraveling the relationship between demographic declines and genetic changes over time is of critical importance to predict the persistence of at-risk populations and to propose efficient conservation plans. This is particularly relevant in spatially struc- tured populations (i.e. metapopulations) in which the spatial arrangement of local populations can modulate both demographic and genetic changes. We used ten-year demo-genetic monitoring to test 1) whether demographic declines were associated with genetic diversity declines and 2) whether the spatial structure of a metapopula- tion can weaken or reinforce these demographic and genetic temporal trends. We continuously surveyed, over time and across their entire range, two metapopulations of an endemic freshwater fish species Leuciscus burdigalensis: one metapopulation that had experienced a recent demographic decline and a second metapopulation that was stable over time. In the declining metapopulation, the number of alleles rapidly decreased, the inbreeding coefficient increased, and a genetic bottleneck emerged over time. In contrast, genetic indices were constant over time in the stable metapopulation. We further show that, in the declining metapopulation, demographic and genetic declines were not homogeneously distributed across the metapopula- tion. We notably identify one local population situated downstream as a ‘reservoir’ of individuals and genetic variability that dampens both the demographic and genetic declines measured at the metapopulation level. We demonstrate the usefulness of long-term monitoring that combines both genetic and demographic parameters to understand and predict temporal population fluctuations of at-risk species living in a metapopulation context.
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DOI : 10.1111/oik.05511
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Mechanistic, ecological, and evolutionary consequences of artificial light at night for insects: review and prospective
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Emmanuel Desouhant, Elisa Gomes, Nathalie Mondy, Isabelle Amat
article
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 2019, 167 (1), pp.37-58. ⟨10.1111/eea.12754⟩
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The alternation of light and dark periods on a daily or seasonal time scale is of utmost importance for the synchronization of physiological and behavioral processes in the environment. For the last 2 dec- ades, artificial light at night (ALAN) has strongly increased worldwide, disrupting the photoperiod and its related physiological processes, and impacting the survival and reproduction of wild animals. ALAN is now considered as a major concern for biodiversity and human health. Here, we present why insects are relevant biological models to investigate the impact of ALAN. First the phenotypic responses to ALAN and their underpinning mechanisms are reviewed. The consequences for popula- tion dynamics, and the community composition and functioning are described in the second part. Because ALAN provides new and widespread selective pressure, we inventory evolutionary changes in response to this anthropogenic change. Finally, we identify promising future avenues, focusing on the necessity of understanding evolutionary processes that could help stakeholders consider darkness as a resource to preserve biodiversity as well as numerous ecosystem services in which insects are involved.
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DOI : 10.1111/eea.12754
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Recovery of Soil Hydraulic Properties for Assisted Passive and Active Restoration: Assessing Historical Land Use and Forest Structure
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Sergio Lozano-Baez, Miguel Cooper, Silvio Frosini de Barros Ferraz, Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Mirko Castellini, Simone Di Prima
article
Water, 2019, 11 (1), pp.86. ⟨10.3390/w11010086⟩
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DOI : 10.3390/w11010086
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Do thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing and direct hyporheic measurements (DHM) similarly detect river-groundwater exchanges? Study along a 40 km-section of the Ain River (France)
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Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Vincent Wawzyniak, Michel Creuzé Des Châtelliers, Pierre Marmonier
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 646, pp.1097 - 1110. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.294⟩
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Water exchanges through the hyporheic zone are crucial to many ecological processes in streams. One major challenge for river managers is to find a practical method for localizing these exchanges using rapid data acquisition techniques. This work compares spatially continuous data, acquired by Thermal Infrared (TIR) techniques, with discrete data collected in surface water and in the hyporheic zone (DHM), at sites of expected water exchanges (gravel bars). Forty gravel bars, distributed along a 40 km-sector of the Ain River were sampled at upstream- and downstream-bar positions (80 sites) in order to reveal hyporheic exchanges. At each site, 4 physico-chemical parameters were measured at 0, −20 and –50 cm beneath the sediment surface. The field collections of TIR high-resolution images were conducted concomitantly, at low flow and high surface-water temperatures. Among the 80 sites selected for field measurements, 14 were identified as upwellings (groundwater inputs) and 66 as downwelling sites. From those 14 upwellings, 13 were also identified with TIR. The 44 additional sites identified with TIR corresponded to small-sized cold-water patches situated along the gravel bars or to groundwater discharge sites located between the bars (19 lateral seeps). Nevertheless, the DHM method documented on downwelling exchanges (infiltration of surface water), which were not captured by TIR images, and may represent hyporheic hotspots especially for benthic invertebrates. Along the studied sector of the Ain River, these downwelling zones were much more numerous than upwelling ones. Both methods in combination provide a rather complete picture of water exchange along rivers and are needed to evaluate the potential as refuges zones during critical dry periods.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.294
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Flow-divergence feedbacks control propagule retention by in-stream vegetation: the importance of spatial patterns for facilitation
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Loreta Cornacchia, Daphne van Der Wal, Johan van de Koppel, Sara Puijalon, Geraldene Wharton, Tjeerd Bouma
article
Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries, 2019, 81 (1), pp.1-17. ⟨10.1007/s00027-018-0612-1⟩
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Facilitation (enhancement of propagule retention in this case) is increasingly recognized as an important driver of biodiversity, but it is still unknown if facilitation during dispersal and colonization is affected by self-organized spatial pattern formation. We investigated the ability of in-stream submerged macrophyte patches to trap the vegetative propagules of three species (Berula erecta, Groenlandia densa, Elodea nuttallii in two size classes: 13–22 and 40–48 cm long), and to potentially benefit the colonization of these three species. We tested the effects of propagule traits, hydrodynamic forcing, and spatial patch configuration on propagule trapping. Propagule buoyancy was negatively correlated with trapping chance, while propagule size did not influence trapping. Species-specific differences in buoyancy were maintained for weeks after fragmentation. Propagule retention was interactive and conditional upon the interplay between incoming flow velocities and vegetation spatial patterning. In the flume experiment at low flows, a patchy configuration (one patch filling 66% of the flume width) retained more surface-drifting propagules (B. erecta, G. densa), than near-homogeneous cover (two patches close together, filling the entire flume width). In contrast, retention of sinking E. nuttallii propagules increased in the two-patch configurations. In flume and field releases where patches did not completely fill the channel width, water flowed around the patches rather than over or through them. This resulted in low-flow velocity areas within patches where canopies were upright and propagules were retained, and higher velocity flows around patches. In contrast, when vegetation filled the channel width, water could not be diverted laterally around the patches and preferentially flowed over them, causing the canopies to bend and reduce their trapping capacity. In flume experiments at high flows, retention of all species decreased, regardless of vegetation configuration, as propagules passed over the reconfigured vegetation canopies. These findings on the interplay of water movement and patch reconfiguration suggest that environmental heterogeneity generated by the self-organizing behavior of aquatic plants might enhance colonization of sessile organisms, calling for landscape-scale processes like dispersal to be better investigated.
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DOI : 10.1007/s00027-018-0612-1
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Past and recent state of sediment contamination by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Rhône River: Overview of ecotoxicological implications
auteur
Yohan Liber, Brice Mourier, Philippe Marchand, Emmanuelle Bichon, Yves Perrodin, Jean-Philippe Bedell
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 646, pp.1037-1046. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.340⟩
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Twenty-one sediment samples were taken from five dated sediment cores collected along the Rhone River from 2008 to 2011. A total of 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), 7 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 3 polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), 3 hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCD) and 31 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were investigated to provide information on deposition dynamics in time and space, but also regarding the ecotoxicological risks associated with these contaminants. Median concentrations of total PBDEs are nine times lower than the levels of total PCBs along the entire studied stretch of the Rhone River. The results show that total PBDEs concentrations range from 0.06 to 239 mu g.kg(-1) DW with a median value of 3.81 mu g.kg(-1) DW and a maximum concentration measured in the years 2000s. These maximum concentrations are identical to those measured for total PCBs at the end of the 1990s, but show a different pattern of distribution. Abnormal dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) levels were also detected in the downstream section of the river, with a peak concentration of 147.5 mu g.kg(-1) DW measured at the GEC site from 2005 onwards. Analyses of the enantiomeric fractions reveal a fresh input resulting from a technical formulation. Sediments from the core sampled at the most downstream site (GEC) are found to be highly toxic to organisms living nearby, particularly because of the total PCDD/Fs, DDE and DDT levels. In addition, based on available sediment quality guidelines, there may be a potential bioaccumulation risk for humans not only for these three compounds of concern but also for total PCBs and 7 out of the 8 analysed PBDEs.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.340
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Assessment of the effects of wastewater treatment plant effluents on receiving streams using oligochaete communities of the porous matrix
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Régis Vivien, Michel Lafont, Inge Werner, Mélanie Laluc, Benoît J.D. Ferrari
article
Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, 2019, 420, 18, pp.1-8. ⟨10.1051/kmae/2019011⟩
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Human activities can disturb the natural dynamics of exchanges between surface water and groundwater in rivers. Such exchanges contribute to the self-purification of the environment and an excess of infiltration can lead to contamination of groundwater. In addition, the porous matrix (coarse surface sediments and hyporheic zone), through which water exchanges occur, is a sink for pollutants. For environmental monitoring programs, it is therefore essential to take into account both the dynamics of vertical hydrological exchanges and the biological quality of this matrix. The functional trait (FTR) method, which is based on the study of oligochaete communities in coarse surface sediments and the hyporheic zone, was proposed as a tool to simultaneously assess the dynamics of vertical hydrological exchanges and the effects of pollutants present in the porous matrix. Here, we applied this method during two different periods (in March and September 2016), upstream and downstream of locations affected by discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) located in Switzerland. The biological quality of surface sediments and the hyporheic zone was shown to be better upstream of the WWTP in both campaigns. In addition, results suggested that the capacity for self-purification was lower downstream of the WWTP, and that groundwater at these locations was vulnerable to pollution by surface water. The FTR method proved valuable as a field method for detecting the effects of point source contamination on receiving streams. In the near future, this community-based approach will benefit from advances in the use of DNA barcodes for oligochaete species identification.
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DOI : 10.1051/kmae/2019011
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A new brittle star (Ophiuroidea: Ophiodermatina) from the Early Triassic Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA).
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Ben Thuy, Gilles Escarguel, Arnaud Brayard, Kevin G. Bylund, Emmanuel Fara, Nicolas Goudemand, Pierre Guériau, James F. Jenks, Laurel J. Krumenacker, Nicolas Olivier, Daniel A. Stephen, Christophe Thomazo, Mathieu Thoury, Emmanuelle Vennin
article
Geobios, 2019, 54, pp.55-61. ⟨10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.004⟩
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Knowledge on the morphology of Early Triassic ophiuroids is very limited, in spite of the relatively high number of described species. This hampers attempts to use morphology-based phylogenetic analyses in order to explore the early diversification of the ophiuroid modern clades between the latest Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic. Here, a new ophiuroid from the Early Triassic of southern Idaho (USA) is described and assigned to the new taxon Shoshonura brayardi Thuy nov. gen., nov. sp. It is part of an exceptional Early Triassic faunal assemblage recently described as the Paris Biota. On account of the arm morphology and the shape of the arm spines and arm spine articulations, Shoshonura brayardi nov. gen., nov. sp. is considered a basal member of the suborder Ophiodermatina.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.004
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Interplay between Molecular Diffusion and Advection during Solute Transport in Macroporous Media
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Stéphane Batany, Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau, Laurent Lassabatère, Beatrice Bechet, Pamela Françoise Faure, Patrick Dangla
article
Vadose Zone Journal, 2019, 18 (1), ⟨10.2136/vzj2018.07.0140⟩
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Solute transport in soils is known to differ from solute transport in homogeneous porous media. Nonequilibrium processes, like those induced by the presence of macropores, can strongly influence the breakthrough of solute in soils. Breakthrough experiments and effective models are often combined to study the physicochemical processes involved in solute transport. However, the complexity of flow pathways and the diversity of possible processes is challenging. In this work, the influence of flow rate and viscosity of the carrying liquid on nonreactive solute transport is investigated under saturated conditions in a macroporous synthetic medium. As expected, solute transport is strongly affected by physical nonequilibrium induced by the preferential flow within the macropore. Breakthrough occurs early, and the shape of the breakthrough curve is influenced both by the flow rate and the coefficient of molecular diffusion of the solute. We show that when the mean residence time of the solute in the macropore is small enough, solute transport in a macroporous column can be considered as isolated within the macropore. The increase of the residence time strongly affects the shape of the breakthrough, and, eventually, a plateau appears during the ascent of the breakthrough curve. We demonstrate experimentally that the existence of this plateau, which is not predicted by classical effective models, is related to the relative importance of molecular diffusion versus advection. Indeed, this plateau can become unobservable if the coefficient of molecular diffusion is reduced through the use of a sufficiently viscous carrying liquid.
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DOI : 10.2136/vzj2018.07.0140
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Syntax manipulation changes perception of mobbing call sequences across passerine species
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Mylène Dutour, Thierry Lengagne, Jean-Paul Léna
article
Ethology, 2019, 125 (9), pp.635-644. ⟨10.1111/eth.12915⟩
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Many species approach predators to harass them and drive them away. Both the intensity of this antipredator strategy and its success are positively related to the size of the group that carries out this mobbing. To recruit individuals to the mob, members of prey species produce mobbing calls. In some songbirds—the Japanese tit, Parus minor, and the southern pied babbler, Turdoides bicolor—mobbing calls are structurally complex and it has been suggested that they convey information by means of compositional syntax, when meaningful items are combined into larger units. These two species combine alert and recruitment calls into an alert and recruitment sequence when attracting conspecifics to cooperate in mobbing a predator. Whether this rudimentary, two‐call, compositional structure is used by other bird species in mobbing calls and how it can alter the ability of heterospecifics to adequately recognize mobbing calls is not well understood. Heterospecifics’ responses to mobs are critical to the success of the mobbing strategy, so it is of great importance to understand whether and how syntax influences these responses. To address these questions, we conducted two playback experiments. Firstly, we investigated whether the great tit, Parus major, extracts different meanings from different individual motifs (i.e., component calls), and from combined motifs in both natural and artificially reversed order. We found that great tits extract different meanings from the two motifs involved in mobbing calls and that they also discriminate for motif order reversal in the mobbing call sequence. Secondly, we investigated whether heterospecifics (the coal tit, Periparus ater, and the common chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs) are sensitive to syntax alteration of great tit mobbing calls. While chaffinches did not respond to great tit mobbing calls, coal tits were sensitive to mobbing call sequence reversal although they did not react in the same way as conspecific subjects. Overall, whereas our results indicate that tits are sensitive to call reversal, this is not to say that tits actually use compositional syntax to increase the information content.
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DOI : 10.1111/eth.12915
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Artificial light at night disturbs the activity and energy allocation of the common toad during the breeding period
auteur
Morgane Touzot, Loïc Teulier, Thierry Lengagne, Jean Secondi, Marc Théry, Paul-Antoine Libourel, Ludovic Guillard, Nathalie Mondy
article
Conservation Physiology, 2019, 7 (1), pp.coz002. ⟨10.1093/conphys/coz002⟩
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The presence of artificial light at night (ALAN) is currently a global phenomenon. By altering the photoperiod, ALAN may directly affect the physiology and behaviour of many organisms, such as the timing of daily rhythms, hormonal regulation, food intake, metabolism, migration and reproduction. Surprisingly while it is known that ALAN exposure strongly influ- ences health of humans and laboratory animals, studies on wildlife remain scarce. Amphibians are one of the most nocturnal groups of vertebrates and exhibit an unfavourable conservation status in most parts of the world. In order to gain insight into the consequences of ALAN, we experimentally exposed 36 adult breeding male common toads, Bufo bufo, to a light intensity of 0.1, 5 or 20 lux for 20 days, to investigate the activity using infrared cameras and the whole-body oxygen consumption by respirometry, as well as body mass and food intake. ALAN reduced toad activity over 24 h by 56% at 5 lux and by 73% at 20 lux. It did not affect the total energy expenditure but altered energy allocation. Indeed, standard energy expenditure increased by 28% at 5 lux and by 58% at 20 lux, while activity energy expenditure decreased by 18% at 5 lux and 38% at 20 lux. Finally, body mass and food intake were not affected. This study suggests that ALAN plays a large role in the activity and energy metabolism of common toads, which may have a long-term negative effect on the fitness of common toad populations. Generalizing these results to other taxa is crucial for conservation of biodiversity in an increas- ingly light world.
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DOI : 10.1093/conphys/coz002
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Webarmature: Diachronic observatory of the Lyon area
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Arnaud Bellec, Bernard Gauthiez, Serge Fenet, Bernard Kaufmann
article
Cybergeo : Revue européenne de géographie / European journal of geography, 2019, 912, ⟨10.4000/cybergeo.32652⟩
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DOI : 10.4000/cybergeo.32652
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Relative effects of elevational and habitat constraints on alpine spring biodiversity
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Cécile Claret, Pierre Marmonier
article
Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology, 2019, 55, pp.20. ⟨10.1051/limn/2019021⟩
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Global climatic changes and local disturbances may alter composition and distribution of spring invertebrates in mountains. In this study, we compared the effects of elevation, landscape and local characteristics on spring biodiversity. At 16 springs (from 570 to 1650m a.s.l.) in The Chartreuse Range (French Alps) benthic, vegetation, and interstitial habitats were sampled in summer for aquatic invertebrate assemblage structure (abundances, richness, reproduction and dispersal traits, functional feeding groups). Assemblages were related to geographic location (elevation), landscape characteristics and local variables. Elevation was the major driver of the fauna: taxonomic richness and the percentage of scrapers decreased with elevation, while the proportion of predators and species with an asexual reproduction increased with elevation. The landscape characteristics around the spring had a weak influence on the benthic taxonomic richness which increased with the percentage of forest and decreased with the proportion of grassland. Finally, the habitat characteristics had no effect on taxonomic richness, but partially control the abundances of benthic assemblages and sediment-feeder organisms that both decreased with increasing sediment grain size. Future changes in the temperature patterns would affect alpine spring fauna, but disturbance of the local characteristics of springs must not be neglected.
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DOI : 10.1051/limn/2019021
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Dispersion par les cours d’eau des propagules végétatives et sexuées du complexe d’espèces Reynoutria
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Sara Puijalon, Soraya Rouifed, Mélanie Thiébaut, Barbara Lamberti-Raverot, Florence Piola
article
Sciences Eaux & Territoires, 2019, 27, pp.34-37. ⟨10.3917/set.027.0034⟩
resume
Chez les renouées asiatiques (complexe Reynoutria), l’eau des rivières est un des principaux vecteurs naturels de dispersion des propagules sexuées (akènes ailés) et végétatives (fragments de tiges et de rhizomes). Les auteurs de cet article ont étudié la flottaison et la viabilité de ces trois types de propagules en conditions expérimentales pour différentes taches de renouées. De leurs études, il en ressort une grande variabilité entre les taches pour un grand nombre de traits impliqués dans la dispersion par le cours d’eau et la colonisation des berges.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.3917/set.027.0034
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02533188/file/Puijalon2019-SciencesEauxTerritoires.pdf BibTex
titre
Turbulence‐mediated facilitation of resource uptake in patchy stream macrophytes
auteur
Loreta Cornacchia, Sofia Licci, Heidi Nepf, Andrew Folkard, Daphne Wal, Johan Koppel, Sara Puijalon, Tjeerd Bouma
article
Limnology and Oceanography, 2019, 64 (2), pp.714-727. ⟨10.1002/lno.11070⟩
resume
Many landscapes are characterized by a patchy, rather than homogeneous, distribution of vegetation. Often this patchiness is composed of single-species patches with contrasting traits, interacting with each other. To date, it is unknown whether patches of different species affect each other’s uptake of resources by altering hydrodynamic conditions, and how this depends on their spatial patch configuration. Patches of two contrasting aquatic macrophyte species (i.e., dense canopy-forming Callitriche and sparse canopy-forming Groenlandia) were grown together in a racetrack flume and placed in different patch configurations. We measured 15NH4+ uptake rates and hydrodynamic properties along the centerline and the lateral edge of both patches. When the species with a taller, denser canopy (Callitriche) was located upstream of the shorter, sparser species (Groenlandia), it generated turbulence in its wake that enhanced nutrient uptake for the sparser Groenlandia. At the same time, Callitriche benefited from being located at a leading edge where it was exposed to higher mean velocity, as its canopy was too dense for turbulence to penetrate from upstream. Consistent with this, we found that ammonium uptake rates depended on turbulence level for the sparse Groenlandia and on mean flow velocity for the dense Callitriche, but Total Kinetic Energy was the best descriptor of uptake rates for both species. By influencing turbulence, macrophyte species interact with each other through facilitation of resource uptake. Hence, heterogeneity due to multi-specific spatial patchiness has crucial implications for both species interactions and aquatic ecosystem functions, such as nitrogen retention.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1002/lno.11070
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02071382/file/Cornacchia2019_L%26O_HAL.pdf BibTex
titre
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial responses to stress exposure suggest that king penguins are naturally equipped to resist stress
auteur
Antoine Stier, Quentin Schull, Pierre Bize, Emilie Lefol, Mark Haussmann, Damien Roussel, Jean-Patrice Robin, Vincent Viblanc
article
Scientific Reports, 2019, 9, pp.8545. ⟨10.1038/s41598-019-44990-x⟩
resume
Exposure to unpredictable environmental stressors could influence animal health and fitness by inducing oxidative stress, potentially through downstream effects of glucocorticoid stress hormones (e.g. corticosterone) on mitochondrial function. Yet, it remains unclear whether species that have evolved in stochastic and challenging environments may present adaptations to alleviate the effects of stress exposure on oxidative stress. We tested this hypothesis in wild king penguins by investigating mitochondrial and oxidative stress responses to acute restraint-stress, and their relationships with baseline (potentially mirroring exposure to chronic stress) and stress-induced increase in corticosterone levels. Acute restraint-stress did not significantly influence mitochondrial function. However, acute restraint-stress led to a significant increase in endogenous antioxidant defences, while oxidative damage levels were mostly not affected or even decreased. High baseline corticosterone levels were associated with an up-regulation of the glutathione antioxidant system and a decrease in mitochondrial efficiency. Both processes might contribute to prevent oxidative damage, potentially explaining the negative relationship observed between baseline corticosterone and plasma oxidative damage to proteins. While stress exposure can represent an oxidative challenge for animals, protective mechanisms like up-regulating antioxidant defences and decreasing mitochondrial efficiency seem to occur in king penguins, allowing them to cope with their stochastic and challenging environment.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-019-44990-x
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02155431/file/Stier_Sci%20Rep.pdf BibTex
titre
The colonization of the oceans by calcifying pelagic algae
auteur
Baptiste Suchéras-Marx, Emanuela Mattioli, Pascal Allemand, Fabienne Giraud, Bernard Pittet, Julien Plancq, Gilles Escarguel
article
Biogeosciences, 2019, 16 (12), pp.2501-2510. ⟨10.5194/bg-16-2501-2019⟩
resume
The rise of calcareous nannoplankton in Mesozoic oceans has deeply impacted ocean chemistry and contributed to shaping modern oceans. Nevertheless, the calcareous nannoplankton colonization of past marine environments remains poorly understood. Based on an extensive compilation of published and unpublished data, we show that their accumulation rates in sediments increased from the Early Jurassic (∼200 Ma) to the Early Cretaceous (∼120 Ma), although these algae diversified up to the end of the Mesozoic (66 Ma). After the middle Eocene (∼45 Ma), a decoupling occurred between accumulation rates, diversity and coccolith size. The time series analyzed points toward a three-phase evolutionary dynamic. An invasion phase of the open-ocean realms was followed by a specialization phase occurring along with taxonomic diversification, ended by an establishment phase where a few small-sized species dominated. The current hegemony of calcareous nannoplankton in the world ocean results from a long-term and complex evolutionary history shaped by ecological interactions and abiotic forcing.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.5194/bg-16-2501-2019
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https://hal.science/hal-02165399/file/Such%C3%A9ras-Marx%20et%20al.%2C%202019.pdf BibTex
titre
Apport de la télédétection pour l’inventaire des renouées du Japon le long des cours d’eau : exemple d’application à la rivière Azergues
auteur
Oldrich Navratil, Jérôme Lejot, Dorian Rachex, Sara Puijalon, Florence Piola
article
Sciences Eaux & Territoires, 2019, Numéro 27 (1), pp.50. ⟨10.3917/set.027.0050⟩
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.3917/set.027.0050
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https://hal.science/hal-02399316/file/Navratil2019-SciencesEauxTerritoires.pdf BibTex
titre
New thylacocephalans from the Early Triassic Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA).
auteur
Sylvain Charbonnier, Arnaud Brayard, Kevin G. Bylund, Gilles Escarguel, Emmanuel Fara, Nicolas Goudemand, Pierre Guériau, James F. Jenks, Laurel J. Krumenacker, Nicolas Olivier, Daniel A. Stephen, Christophe Thomazo, Mathieu Thoury, Emmanuelle Vennin
article
Geobios, 2019, 54, pp.37-43. ⟨10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.005⟩
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Two new genera and species of thylacocephalans (Arthropoda, Thylacocephala), Parisicaris triassica Charbonnier and Ligulacaris parisiana Charbonnier, are described from the early Spathian Paris Biota. These new occurrences are the first reports of thylacocephalans from Triassic rocks in North America. They considerably enlarge the spatiotemporal distribution of these enigmatic arthropods and highlight their relatively high generic richness during the Early Triassic. It also confirms that the Triassic was the taxonomically richest period for Thylacocephala.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.005
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https://hal.science/hal-02168426/file/ThylacoParis_reviewed.pdf BibTex
titre
Les renouées asiatiques, espèces exotiques envahissantes
auteur
F. Dommanget, André Evette, F.-M. Martin, Florence Piola, M. Thiébaut, Soraya Rouifed, A. Dutartre, E. Sarat, C. Lavoie, M. Cottet, M. Boyer, A. Rivière-Honneger
article
Sciences Eaux & Territoires, 2019, 27, pp.8-13. ⟨10.14758/SET-REVUE.2019.1.02⟩
resume
Asian knotweeds are part of our landscapes. Introduced in France at the end of the XIXth century, they are now considered among the most threatening species for biodiversity worldwide. This article mobilizes ecologists, geographers, historians and managers in the aim to introduce what we know about these alien invasive species for this special issue. Their ecology is described as well as the history of their invasion, from the first introduction to the change in perception that came with their expansion out of gardens. This article also deals with their numerous impacts and their legal regulation in the French context. Management practices are also described and questioned in the light of a change in paradigm that could help to better take a fresh look at their management.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.14758/SET-REVUE.2019.1.02
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https://hal.science/hal-02413271/file/an2019-pub00062133.pdf BibTex
titre
Chemical ecology: what applications for the management of Japanese knotweed s.l.?
auteur
Soraya Rouifed, F. Piola, C. Avoscan, F. Dommanget
article
Sciences Eaux & Territoires, 2019, 27, pp.98-101. ⟨10.14758/SET-REVUE.2019.1.17⟩
resume
One of the most recent research areas in the field of management of invasive species deals with the capacity of plants to produce some growth or development inhibiting compounds. This article describes the different issues, French research projects and methodological challenges raised by this approach.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.14758/SET-REVUE.2019.1.17
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https://hal.science/hal-02413266/file/an2019-pub00062132.pdf BibTex
titre
Barbatula leoparda (Actinopterygii, Nemacheilidae), a new endemic species of stone loach of French Catalonia
auteur
Camille Gauliard, Agnès Dettaï, Henri Persat, Philippe Keith, Gaël P.J. Denys
article
Cybium : Revue Internationale d’Ichtyologie, 2019, 43 (2), pp.169-177. ⟨10.26028/cybium/2019-423-005⟩
resume
This study described a new stone loach species in France, Barbatula leoparda, which is endemic to French Catalonia (Têt and Tech river drainages). Seven specimens were compared to 49 specimens of B. barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758) and 71 specimens of B. quignardi (Băcescu-Meşter, 1967). This new species is characterized by the presence of blotches on the belly and the jugular area in individuals longer than 47 mm SL and by a greater interorbital distance (35.5 to 41.8% of the head length). We brought moreover the sequence of two mitochondrial markers (COI and 12S, respectively 652 and 950 bp) of the holotype, which ar
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.26028/cybium/2019-423-005
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https://mnhn.hal.science/mnhn-02310590/file/Gauliard%20et%20al%202019%20Barbatula%20leoparda.pdf BibTex
titre
Etude collaborative sur la reproduction sexuée des orchidées. Projet proposé par le conseil scientifique de la SFO.
auteur
Laure Civeyrel, Irène Till-Bottraud, Philippe Feldmann, Daniel Prat, Raymond L Tremblay
article
L'Orchidophile, 2019, 50 (220), pp.89-90
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titre
Clay beads as artificial trapping matrices for monitoring bacterial distribution among urban stormwater infiltration systems and their connected aquifers
auteur
Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Jérémy Voisin, Laurence Marjolet, Pierre Marmonier, Benoit Cournoyer
article
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019, 191 (2), pp.58. ⟨10.1007/s10661-019-7190-0⟩
resume
Stormwater infiltration systems (SIS) have been developed to limit surface runoff and flooding in urban areas. The impacts of such practices on the ecological and biological quality of groundwater ecosystems remain poorly studied due to the lack of efficient methodologies to assess microbiological quality of aquifers. In the present study, a monitoring method based on the incubation of artificial matrices (clay beads) is presented to evaluate microbial biomass, microbial activities, and bacterial community structure. Four microbial variables (biomass, dehydrogenase and hydrolytic activities, bacterial community structures) were measured on clay beads incubated in three urban water types (stormwater surface runoffs, SIS-impacted and non-impacted groundwaters) for six SIS. Analyses based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) of partial rrs (16S rRNA) PCR products (V5-V6) were used to compare bacterial community structures of biofilms on clay beads after 10days of incubation with those of waters collected from the same sampling points at three occasions. Biofilm biomass and activities on clay beads were indicative of nutrient transfers from surface to SIS-impacted groundwaters. Biofilms allowed impacts of SIS on groundwater bacterial community structures to be determined. Although bacterial communities on clay beads did not perfectly match those of waters, clay beads captured the most abundant bacterial taxa. They also captured bacterial taxa that were not detected in waters collected at three occasions during the incubation, demonstrating the integrative character of this approach. Monitoring biofilms on clay beads also allowed the tracking of bacterial genera containing species representing health concerns.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s10661-019-7190-0
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titre
Current Insights into Nonuniform Flow across Scales, Processes, and Applications
auteur
Majdi Abou Najm, Laurent Lassabatère, Ryan Stewart
article
Vadose Zone Journal, 2019, 18 (1), ⟨10.2136/vzj2019.10.0113⟩
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.2136/vzj2019.10.0113
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02400505/file/vzj2019.10.0113.pdf BibTex
titre
Statistical confidence intervals for relative abundances and abundance-based ratios: Simple practical solutions for an old overlooked question
auteur
Baptiste Suchéras-Marx, Gilles Escarguel, Jorge Ferreira, Øyvind Hammer
article
Marine Micropaleontology, 2019, 151 (101751), pp.1-6. ⟨10.1016/j.marmicro.2019.101751⟩
resume
Micropaleontologists often consider relative abundances of taxa to infer past ecological, environmental and climate conditions and dynamics. However, most published micropaleontological studies involving relative abundance data still do not routinely consider the counting uncertainty inherent to any sample, and thus simply ignore the statistical confidence interval (CI) related to a relative abundance or abundance-based ratio value. In an attempt to make this rather classic computation freely and easily available to the scientific community, we highlight here the calculation of binomial proportion CIs based on the 'exact' Clopper-Pearson method as implemented in the user-friendly PAST freeware. We also introduce a general solution for the computation of the CI related to any abundance-based ratio. In all cases, we strongly recommend that future studies involving taxonomic abundance-based data should systematically display the CIs associated to sample estimates, the only way to integrate sampling uncertainties into result interpretation.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.marmicro.2019.101751
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https://hal.science/hal-02171935/file/Such%C3%A9ras-Marx%20et%20al.%2C%202019b_Hal.pdf BibTex
titre
Unravelling the oxygen isotope signal (δ18O) of rodent teeth from northeastern Iberia, and implications for past climate reconstructions.
auteur
Mónica Fernández-García, Aurélien Royer, Juan Manuel López-García, Maria Bennàsar, Jean Goedert, François Fourel, Marie-Anne Julien, Sandra Bañuls-Cardona, Antonio Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Josep Vallverdú, Christophe Lécuyer
article
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2019, 218, pp.107-121. ⟨10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.04.035⟩
resume
Small mammals, especially rodents, constitute valuable proxies for continental Quaternary environments at a regional and local scale. Recent studies have demonstrated the relation between the stable oxygen isotope composition of the biogenic phosphate from rodent teeth (δ18Op), and the oxygen isotope composition of meteoric waters (δ18Omw), which is related to air temperatures at mid and high latitudes. This work explores the δ18Op of rodent tooth enamel (from Murinae and Arvicolinae subfamilies) to investigate the palaeoenvironmental conditions in northeastern Iberia during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3; ca. 60-30 ka). Fourteen new δ18Op analyses from modern samples in conjunction with forty-six δ18Op analyses previously published are used to decipher the isotope record of present-day rodent teeth in this region. Two main factors should be considered in Iberian palaeoenvironmental reconstructions: the singular nature of Iberian δ18Omw records and the potential seasonality bias of small-mammal accumulation. Methodological proposals are made with a view to ensuring the correct interpretation of the δ18Op of small mammals in reconstructing past air temperatures. This methodology is applied to the MIS 3 sequence of the Cova dels Xaragalls site (Vimbodí-Poblet, Tarragona, Spain), where fifty-one δ18O analyses were performed on wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) lower incisors. A spring-early summer accumulation of small mammals is suggested for the layers at Cova dels Xaragalls. In agreement with previous environmental studies of the site, variations in the δ18Op values suggest slight fluctuations in the climatic conditions throughout the sequence, which are consistent with the stadial-interstadial alternations that characterized MIS 3. Complementary palaeoenvironmental methods determine cooler conditions than nowadays, but within a globally stable climatic period.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.04.035
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https://hal.science/hal-02175499/file/Fernndez-Garca_et_al_2019_Unravelling_oxygen_isotope_signal_rodents_Iberia%281%29-2.pdf BibTex
titre
Plants face the flow in V formation: A study of plant patch alignment in streams
auteur
Loreta Cornacchia, Andrew Folkard, Grieg Davies, Robert Grabowski, Johan Koppel, Daphne Wal, Geraldene Wharton, Sara Puijalon, Tjeerd Bouma
article
Limnology and Oceanography, 2019, 64 (3), pp.1087-1102. ⟨10.1002/lno.11099⟩
resume
Interactions between biological and physical processes, so‐called bio‐physical feedbacks, are important for landscape evolution. While these feedbacks have been quantified for isolated patches of vegetation in aquatic ecosystems, we still lack knowledge of how the location of one patch affects the occurrence of others. To test for patterns in the spatial distribution of vegetation patches in streams, we first measured the distance between Callitriche platycarpa patches using aerial images. Then, we measured the effects of varying patch separation distance on flow velocity, turbulence, and drag on plants in a field manipulation experiment. Lastly, we investigated whether these patterns of patch alignment developed over time following locations of reduced hydrodynamic forces, using 2‐yr field observations of the temporal patch dynamics of Ranunculus penicillatus in a lowland chalk stream. Our results suggest that vegetation patches in streams organize themselves in V‐like shapes to reduce drag forces, creating an optimal configuration that decreases hydrodynamic forces and may therefore encourage patch growth. Downstream patches are more frequently found at the rear and slightly overlapping the upstream patch, in locations that are partially sheltered by the established upstream vegetation while ensuring exposure to incoming flow (important for nutrient availability). Observations of macrophyte patch dynamics over time indicated that neighboring patches tend to grow in a slightly angled line, producing a spatial pattern resembling the V‐formation in migratory birds. These findings point to the general role of bio‐physical interactions in shaping how organisms align themselves spatially to aerodynamic and hydrodynamic flows at a range of scales.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1002/lno.11099
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02128166/file/Cornacchia2019_L%26O-HAL.pdf BibTex
titre
Chondrichthyan teeth from the Early Triassic Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA).
auteur
Carlo Romano, Thodoris Argyriou, Laurel J. Krumenacker, Arnaud Brayard, Kevin G. Bylund, Gilles Escarguel, Emmanuel Fara, Nicolas Goudemand, Pierre Guériau, James F. Jenks, Nicolas Olivier, Daniel A. Stephen, Christophe Thomazo, Mathieu Thoury, Emmanuelle Vennin
article
Geobios, 2019, 54, pp.63-70. ⟨10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.001⟩
resume
A new, diverse and complex Early Triassic assemblage was recently discovered west of the town of Paris, Idaho (Bear Lake County), USA. This assemblage has been coined the Paris Biota. Dated earliest Spathian (i.e., early late Olenekian), the Paris Biota provides further evidence that the biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction was well underway ca. 1.3 million years after the event. This assemblage includes mainly invertebrates, but also vertebrate remains such as ichthyoliths (isolated skeletal remains of fishes). Here we describe first fossils of Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) from the Paris Biota. The material is composed of isolated teeth (mostly grinding teeth) preserved on two slabs and representing two distinct taxa. Due to incomplete preservation and morphological differences to known taxa, the chondrichthyans from the Paris Biota are provisionally kept in open nomenclature, as Hybodontiformes gen. et sp. indet. A and Hybodontiformes gen. et sp. indet. B, respectively. The present study adds a new occurrence to the chondrichthyan fossil record of the marine Early Triassic western USA Basin, from where other isolated teeth (Omanoselache, other Hybodontiformes) as well as fin spines of Nemacanthus (Neoselachii) and Pyknotylacanthus (Ctenachanthoidea) and denticles have been described previously.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.001
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https://hal.science/hal-02168478/file/1-s2.0-S0016699518300536-main.pdf BibTex
titre
TRPV1 variants impair intracellular Ca2+ signaling and may confer susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia
auteur
Fabien Vanden Abeele, Sabine Lotteau, Sylvie Ducreux, Charlotte Dubois, Nicole Monnier, Amy Hanna, Dimitra Gkika, Caroline Romestaing, Lucile Noyer, Matthieu Flourakis, Nolwenn Tessier, Ribal Al-Mawla, Christophe Chouabe, Etienne Lefai, Joël Lunardi, Susan Hamilton, Julien Fauré, Fabien van Coppenolle, Natalia Prevarskaya
article
Genetics in Medicine, 2019, 21 (2), pp.441-450. ⟨10.1038/s41436-018-0066-9⟩
resume
Purpose: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disorder arising from uncontrolled muscle calcium release due to an abnormality in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium-release mechanism triggered by halogenated inhalational anesthetics. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are still incomplete. Methods: We aimed to identify transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) variants within the entire coding sequence in patients who developed sensitivity to MH of unknown etiology. In vitro and in vivo functional studies were performed in heterologous expression system, trpv1(-/-) mice, and a murine model of human MH. Results: We identified TRPV1 variants in two patients and their heterologous expression in muscles of trpv1-/- mice strongly enhanced calcium release from SR upon halogenated anesthetic stimulation, suggesting they could be responsible for the MH phenotype. We confirmed the in vivo significance by using mice with a knock-in mutation (Y524S) in the type I ryanodine receptor (Ryr1), a mutation analogous to the Y522S mutation associated with MH in humans. We showed that the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine slows the heat-induced hypermetabolic response in this model. Conclusion: We propose that TRPV1 contributes to MH and could represent an actionable therapeutic target for prevention of the pathology and also be responsible for MH sensitivity when mutated.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1038/s41436-018-0066-9
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https://hal.science/hal-02475163/file/2019_Vanden_Abeele_Genet_Med.pdf BibTex
titre
Post-glacial colonization routes coincide with a life-history breakpoint along a latitudinal gradient
auteur
Émilien Luquet, Patrik Rödin Mörch, Maria Cortázar-Chinarro, Yvonne Meyer-Lucht, Jacob Höglund, Anssi Laurila
article
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2019, 32, pp.356-368. ⟨10.1111/jeb.13419⟩
resume
Although adaptive divergence along environmental gradients has repeatedly been demonstrated, the role of post‐glacial colonization routes in determining phenotypic variation along gradients has received little attention. Here, we used a hierarchical QST–FST approach to separate the roles of adaptive and neutral processes in shaping phenotypic variation in moor frog (Rana arvalis) larval life histories along a 1,700 km latitudinal gradient across northern Europe. This species has colonized Scandinavia via two routes with a contact zone in northern Sweden. By using neutral SNP and common garden phenotypic data from 13 populations at two temperatures, we showed that most of the variation along the gradient occurred between the two colonizing lineages. We found little phenotypic divergence within the lineages; however, all phenotypic traits were strongly diverged between the southern and northern colonization routes, with higher growth and development rates and larger body size in the north. The QST estimates between the colonization routes were four times higher than FST, indicating a prominent role for natural selection. QST within the colonization routes did not generally differ from FST, but we found temperature‐dependent adaptive divergence close to the contact zone. These results indicate that lineage‐specific variation can account for much of the adaptive divergence along a latitudinal gradient.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/jeb.13419
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Multiple density-dependent processes shape the dynamics of a spatially structured amphibian population
auteur
Hugo Cayuela, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Avril Weinbach, Aurélien Besnard, Pierre Joly
article
Journal of Animal Ecology, 2019, 88 (1), pp.164-177. ⟨10.1111/1365-2656.12906⟩
resume
1. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the dynamics of spatially structured populations (SSP) is a critical challenge for ecologists and conservation managers. Internal population processes such as births and deaths occur at a local level, while external processes such as dispersal take place at an inter-population level. At both levels, density dependence is expected to play a critical role. At a patch scale, demographic traits (e.g., survival, breeding success) and the population growth rate can be influenced by density either negatively (e.g., competition effect) or positively (e.g., Allee effects). At the scale of an SSP, although positive density-dependent dispersal has been widely reported, an increasing number of studies have highlighted negative density-dependent dispersal. 2. While many studies have investigated the effects of density on population growth or on dispersal, few have simultaneously examined density-dependent effects at the scale of both the local population and the entire SSP. In this study, we examine how density is related to demographic processes at both the pond level (survival and population growth) and the SSP level (between-pond dispersal) in a pondbreeding amphibian, the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus). The study was based on 20 years of individual capture–recapture (CR) data (from 1996 to 2015) gathered from an SSP made up of 12 experimental ponds (“patches”). 3. We first used a CR multievent model to estimate both survival and dispersal rates in specific ponds as a function of distance between ponds. Then, using a second CR multievent model, we examined whether survival and recapture rates were influenced by population density in a pond. Lastly, we used state-space time series models to investigate whether density affected population growth in each pond. 4. Our results found a positive density-dependent effect on survival and a negative density-dependent effect on departure. In addition, the findings indicate that population growth was negatively related to density in all 12 ponds. 5. These results support the hypothesis that in SSPs, density may have multiple and contrasting effects on demographic parameters and growth rates within local populations as well as on dispersal. This study underlines the need to better understand how density dependence may influence potential trade-offs between life-history strategies and life-history stages.
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DOI : 10.1111/1365-2656.12906
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Glacial refugia in the southwestern Alps?
auteur
Christopher Carcaillet, Olivier Blarquez
article
New Phytologist, 2019, 222 (2), pp.663-667. ⟨10.1111/nph.15673⟩
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DOI : 10.1111/nph.15673
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titre
Anti-predator strategies of the invasive African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, to native and invasive predators in western France
auteur
Natasha Kruger, John Measey, Anthony Herrel, Jean Secondi
article
Aquatic Invasions, 2019, Behaviour in Aquatic Invasions, 14 (3), pp.433-443. ⟨10.3391/ai.2019.14.3.03⟩
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When species are translocated to a novel environment, individuals become exposed to new predators against which they may not express very efficient defences at least at an initial stage. The strength of anti-predator defence is an important parameter that may determine the ability of local communities to control the expansion of invasive populations. The African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, is a globally invasive amphibian that has successfully established invasive populations on four continents. In its invasive distribution in western France, X. laevis encounters novel aquatic predators. Some may be related to the predators in the native range but others may belong to different taxonomic groups and not be functionally or ecologically equivalent. We tested whether naïve X. laevis tadpoles from the invasive French population exhibit anti-predator response to local predators, and whether the response depends on the degree of relatedness with predators encountered in the native range of the frog, or whether individuals may express generic neophobia to any cue they are not familiar with. We exposed naïve lab-reared tadpoles to a native non-predatory water snail, Planorbarius corneus, a native predatory beetle, Dytiscus dimidiatus, and an invasive predatory crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. We found that X. laevis tadpoles innately reduce their activity when exposed to beetle and crayfish stimulus cues, but not to snails. Reducing activity can decrease the probability of being detected by predators. This demonstrates that invasive tadpoles respond to known and novel predators regardless of the evolutionary history. Whether the produced response is always effective against a totally novel predator remains to be tested.
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DOI
DOI : 10.3391/ai.2019.14.3.03
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https://hal.science/hal-04872876/file/2019%20Kruger%20et%20al%20Aquatic%20invasions.pdf BibTex
titre
Holocene paleoecological changes and agro-pastoral impact on the La Narce du Béage mire (Massif Central, France)
auteur
André-Marie Dendievel, Benjamin Dietre, Hervé Cubizolle, Irka Hajdas, Werner Kofler, Christine Oberlin, Jean Nicolas Haas
article
The Holocene, 2019, 29 (6), pp.992-1010. ⟨10.1177/0959683619831416⟩
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DOI : 10.1177/0959683619831416
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titre
Determination of Root Exudate Concentration in the Rhizosphere Using 13C Labeling
auteur
Laurent Simon, Feth El Zahar Haichar
article
Bio-protocol , 2019, 9 (9), pp.1-7. ⟨10.21769/BioProtoc.3228⟩
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One of the most remarkable metabolic features of plant roots is their ability to secrete a wide range of compounds into the rhizosphere, defined as the volume of soil around living roots. Around 5%- 21% of total photosynthetically fixed carbon is transferred into the rhizosphere through root exudates. Until recently, studies on the quantity and quality of root exudates were conducted mostly under axenic or monoxenic in vitro conditions. Today, in situ assays are required to provide a better understanding of root exudates dynamics and role in plant-microbe interactions. By incubating plants with 13CO2 in situ for one week and quantifying 13C enrichment from the root-adhering soil using mass spectrometry, we were able to determine root exudate levels. Indeed, labeled substrate 13CO2 is converted into organic carbon via plant photosynthesis and transferred into the soil through root exudation. We assume that all 13C increases above natural abundance are mainly derived from exudates produced by 13C-labeled plants.
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DOI : 10.21769/BioProtoc.3228
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titre
Limited recruitment of eastern white cedar ( Thuja occidentalis L.) under black spruce canopy at its northern distribution limit
auteur
Isabelle Visnadi, Johann Housset, Cécile Leroy, Christopher Carcaillet, Hugo Asselin, Yves Bergeron
article
Ecoscience, 2019, 26 (2), pp.123-132. ⟨10.1080/11956860.2018.1529725⟩
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In the boreal forest of eastern North America, the distribution of eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) is characterized by a latitudinal fragmentation gradient from south to north. Marginal populations could be outposts allowing cedar to expand its presence in the north in response to climate change. This study aimed to characterize the spatio-temporal regeneration dynamics of 20 marginal cedar stands in order to evaluate their expansion capacity into adjacent black spruce stands. Cedar recruitment within marginal cedar stands was mainly by layering, which allowed the species to maintain for a long time in the landscape. However, the rate of expansion of marginal stands into adjacent black spruce stands through seed dispersal was very low (0.28 m.year⁻¹) and it was negatively influenced by distance to seed trees. Substrate had no significant effect. Global warming could lead to increased seed production by cedar, which could favour the species’ expansion at its northern distribution limit. However, global warming could also increase the frequency and severity of wildfires, which would have a negative effect on cedar expansion capacity.
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DOI : 10.1080/11956860.2018.1529725
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