Publications HAL de la structure Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés

2020

titre
How do developmental and parental exposures to predation affect personality and immediate behavioural plasticity in the snail Physa acuta ?
auteur
Juliette Tariel-Adam, Sandrine Plénet, Émilien Luquet
article
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2020, 287 (1941), pp.20201761. ⟨10.1098/rspb.2020.1761⟩
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Individuals differ in personality and immediate behavioural plasticity. While developmental environment may explain this group diversity, the effect of parental environment is still unexplored—a surprising observation since parental environment influences mean behaviour. We tested whether developmental and parental environments impacted personality and immediate plasticity. We raised two generations of Physa acuta snails in the laboratory with or without developmental exposure to predator cues. Escape behaviour was repeatedly assessed on adult snails with or without predator cues in the immediate environment. On average, snails were slower to escape if they or their parents had been exposed to predator cues during development. Snails were also less plastic in response to immediate predation risk on average if they or their parents had been exposed to predator cues. Group diversity in personality was greater in predator-exposed snails than unexposed snails, while parental environment did not influence it. Group diversity in immediate plasticity was not signifi- cant. Our results suggest that only developmental environment plays a key role in the emergence of group diversity in personality, but that parental environment influences mean behavioural responses to the environmental change. Consequently, although different, both developmental and parental cues may have evolutionary implications on behavioural responses.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2020.1761
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titre
Interactions Between Maternal, Paternal, Developmental, and Immediate Environmental Effects on Anti-predator Behavior of the Snail Physa acuta
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Juliette Tariel-Adam, Émilien Luquet, Sandrine Plénet
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Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2020, 8, pp.591074. ⟨10.3389/fevo.2020.591074⟩
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Transgenerational plasticity, which occurs when the environment experienced by parents changes the phenotype of offspring, is widespread in animal and plant species. Both maternal and paternal environments can underlie transgenerational plasticity, but experimental studies unraveling how their effects interact together and with the personal (both developmental and immediate) environments are still rare. Yet unraveling these interactions is fundamental to understanding how offspring integrate past and present environmental cues to produce adaptive phenotype. Using the hermaphroditic and freshwater snail Physa acuta, we tested how predator cues experienced by offspring, mothers and fathers interact to shape offspring anti-predator behavior. We raised a first generation of snails in the laboratory with or without chemical predator cues and realized full-factorial crosses to disentangle maternal and paternal cues. We then raised the second generation of snails with or without predator cues and assessed, when adults, their escape behavior in two immediate environments (with or without predator cues) and activity in the immediate environment without predator cues. We found that personal, maternal, and paternal predator cues interacted to shape offspring escape behavior and activity. Firstly, for escape behavior, snails integrated the cues from developmental and parental environments only when exposed to predator cues in their immediate environment, suggesting that personal immediate experience must corroborate the risky parental environment to reveal transgenerational plasticity. For activity, this same hypothesis helps explain why no clear pattern of transgenerational plasticity was revealed, as activity was only measured without predator cues in the immediate environment. Secondly, a single maternal exposure to predator cues decreased offspring escape behavior while a single paternal exposure had no effect, surprisingly demonstrating sex-specific transgenerational plasticity for a simultaneous hermaphroditic species. Thirdly, when both mother and father were exposed, paternal cues were integrated by offspring according to their own developmental environment. The paternal exposure then mitigated the reduction in escape behavior due to the maternal exposure only when offspring developed in control condition. Overall, our study highlighted complex patterns of sex-specific transgenerational plasticity resulting from non-additive interactions between parental, developmental and immediate experiences.
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DOI : 10.3389/fevo.2020.591074
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High-throughput DNA barcoding of oligochaetes for abundance-based indices to assess the biological quality of sediments in streams and lakes
auteur
Régis Vivien, Laure Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil, Jan Pawlowski, Inge Werner, Michel Lafont, Benoît Ferrari
article
Scientific Reports, 2020, 10 (2041), ⟨10.1038/s41598-020-58703-2⟩
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DOI : 10.1038/s41598-020-58703-2
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Selective and taxon-dependent effects of semi-feral cattle grazing on tree regeneration in an old-growth Mediterranean mountain forest
auteur
Xavier Fortuny, Christopher Carcaillet, Sandrine Chauchard
article
Forest Ecosystems, 2020, 7 (1), pp.1-13. ⟨10.1186/s40663-020-00222-7⟩
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DOI : 10.1186/s40663-020-00222-7
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titre
Increasing climate‐driven taxonomic homogenization but functional differentiation among river macroinvertebrate assemblages
auteur
Théophile Mouton, Jonathan D. Tonkin, Fabrice Stephenson, Piet Verburg, Mathieu Floury
article
Global Change Biology, 2020, 26 (12), pp.6904-6915. ⟨10.1111/gcb.15389⟩
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Global change is increasing biotic homogenization globally, which modifies the functioning of ecosystems. While tendencies towards taxonomic homogenization in biological communities have been extensively studied, functional homogenization remains an understudied facet of biodiversity. Here, we tested four hypotheses related to long-term changes (1991-2016) in the taxonomic and functional arrangement of freshwater macroinvertebrate assemblages across space and possible drivers of these changes. Using data collected annually at 64 river sites in mainland New Zealand, we related temporal changes in taxonomic and functional spatial β-diversity, and the contribution of individual sites to β-diversity, to a set of global, regional, catchment and reach-scale environmental descriptors. We observed long-term, mostly climate-induced, temporal trends towards taxonomic homogenization but functional differentiation among macroinvertebrate assemblages. These changes were mainly driven by replacements of species and functional traits among assemblages, rather than nested species loss. In addition, there was no difference between the mean rate of change in the taxonomic and functional facets of β-diversity. Climatic processes governed overall population and community changes in these freshwater ecosystems, but were amplified by multiple anthropogenic, topographic and biotic drivers of environmental change, acting widely across the landscape. The functional diversification of communities could potentially provide communities with greater stability, resistance and resilience capacity to environmental change, despite ongoing taxonomic homogenization. Therefore, our study highlights a need to further understand temporal trajectories in both taxonomic and functional components of species communities, which could enable a clearer picture of how biodiversity and ecosystems will respond to future global changes.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/gcb.15389
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Acoustic enrichment in wildlife passages under railways improves their use by amphibians
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Guillaume Testud, Clément Fauconnier, Dorothée Labarraque, Thierry Lengagne, Quentin Le Petitcorps, Damien Picard, Claude Miaud
article
Global Ecology and Conservation, 2020, 24, pp.e01252. ⟨10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01252⟩
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Linear transport infrastructure can impact wildlife directly or indirectly, and amphibians are particularly affected. In some cases, mitigation measures e such as tunnels below the linear transport infrastructure e are implemented, but an evaluation of their effectiveness is often lacking, especially for small animals such as amphibians. Few studies have focused on crossing behaviour in underpasses, yet this information may be crucial to improve mitigation measures. In this study, we conducted experiments in three tunnels below a high-speed railway with individually marked amphibians (great crested newt Triturus cristatus, marbled newt Triturus marmoratus, alpine newt Ichthyosaura alpestris, fire sala- mander Salamandra salamandra, spined toad Bufo spinosus, agile frog Rana dalmatina and edible/pool frog Pelophylax kl. esculentus/lessonae) which were released at the entrance of tunnels varying in length. Behaviours (e.g. completed crossing, U-turn, not moving, and stay) and crossing speed were recorded. R. dalmatina, S. salamandra and T. cristatus (but not B. spinosus) exhibited crossing rate differences between tunnels 21 m and 40 m in length. More individuals performed “complete crossing” through the shorter tunnel. The crossing speed of the S. salamandra and T. cristatus did not differ between the tunnels of different lengths. In a second experiment, we evaluated the effect of acoustic enrichment on the crossing behaviour of one frog and three newt species by broadcasting a soundtrack of mating calls of syntopic anuran species in the tunnels. Pelophylax kl exhibited a large in- crease in complete crossings and in speed. T. cristatus showed an increase in tunnel complete crossings (but not speed) in one of the acoustically enhanced tunnels. These results indicate that acoustic enrichment can improve the crossing of underpasses. This low cost and easily implementable method could help to inform the design of wildlife passages as mitigation measures for impacted amphibian populations, though more ex- periments on the effect of tunnel characteristics on amphibian behaviour would be valuable.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01252
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titre
Cranial evolution in the extinct Rodrigues Island owl Otus murivorus (Strigidae), associated with unexpected ecological adaptations
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Anaïs Duhamel, Julian Hume, Pauline Guenser, Celine Salaviale, Antoine Louchart
article
Scientific Reports, 2020, 10 (1), ⟨10.1038/s41598-020-69868-1⟩
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-020-69868-1
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https://hal.science/hal-02918577/file/Duhamel%20et%20al%202020%20-%20skull%20Rodrigues%20owl%20-%20with%20SI.pdf BibTex
titre
Dose-dependent genomic DNA hypermethylation and mitochondrial DNA damage in Japanese tree frogs sampled in the Fukushima Daiichi area
auteur
K. Gombeau, J.M. Bonzom, I. Cavalié, V. Camilleri, D. Orjollet, N. Dubourg, K. Beaugelin-Seillers, J.P. Bourdineaud, Thierry Lengagne, O. Armant, J.L. Ravanat, C. Adam-Guillermin
article
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2020, 225, pp.106429. ⟨10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106429⟩
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The long-term consequences of the nuclear disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) that occurred on March 2011, have been scarcely studied on wildlife. We sampled Japanese tree frogs (Dryophytes japonicus), in a 50-km area around the FDNPP to test for an increase of DNA damages and variation of DNA methylation level. The ambient dose rate ranged between 0.4 and 2.8 µGy h-1 and the total estimated dose rate absorbed by frogs ranged between 0.4 and 4.9 µGy h-1. Frogs from contaminated sites exhibited a dose dependent increase of global genomic DNA methylation level (5-mdC and 5-hmdC) and of mitochondrial DNA damages. Such DNA damages may indicate a genomic instability, which may induce physiological adaptations governed by DNA methylation changes. This study stresses the need for biological data combining targeted molecular methods and classic ecotoxicology, in order to better understand the impacts on wildlife of long term exposure to low ionizing radiation levels.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106429
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-03095034/file/article11.pdf BibTex
titre
Fundamental research questions in subterranean biology
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Stefano Mammola, Isabel Amorim, Maria Bichuette, Paulo Borges, Naowarat Cheeptham, Steven Cooper, David Culver, Louis Deharveng, David Eme, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira, Cene Fišer, Žiga Fišer, Daniel Fong, Christian Griebler, William Jeffery, Jure Jugovic, Johanna Kowalko, Thomas Lilley, Florian Malard, Raoul Manenti, Alejandro Martínez, Melissa Meierhofer, Matthew Niemiller, Diana Northup, Thais Pellegrini, Tanja Pipan, Meredith Protas, Ana Sofia P. S. Reboleira, Michael Venarsky, J. Judson Wynne, Maja Zagmajster, Pedro Cardoso
article
Biological Reviews, 2020, 95 (6), pp.1855-1872. ⟨10.1111/brv.12642⟩
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DOI : 10.1111/brv.12642
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Fragmentation promotes the role of dispersal in determining 10 intermittent headwater stream metacommunities
auteur
Maïlys Gauthier, Bertrand Launay, Guillaume Le Goff, Herve Pella, Christophe Jean Douady, T. Datry
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Freshwater Biology, 2020, 65 (12), pp.2169-2185. ⟨10.1111/fwb.13611⟩
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1. Dispersal, defined as the movement of individuals among local communities in a landscape, is a central regional determinant of metacommunity dynamics in ecosystems. Whereas both natural and anthropogenic ecosystem fragmentations can limit dispersal, previous attempts to measure such limitations have faced considerable context dependency, due to a combination of spatial extent and associated environmental variability, the wide range of dispersal modes, and abilities of organisms or variation in network topologies. Therefore, the role dispersal plays compared to local environmental filtering in explaining metacommunity dynamics remains unclear in fragmented dendritic ecosystems. 2. We quantified alpha- and beta-diversity components of invertebrate metacommunities across 10 fragmented headwater stream networks and tested the hypothesis that dispersal is the primary determinant of biodiversity organisation in these dynamic and spatially constrained ecosystems. 3. Alpha-diversity was much lower in intermittent than perennial reaches, even long after rewetting, indicating an overwhelming effect of drying including a legacy effect on local communities. 4. Beta-diversity was never correlated with environmental distances but predominantly explained by spatial distances accounting for river network fragmentation. The nestedness proportion of beta-diversity was considerable and reflected compositional differences where communities from intermittent reaches were subsets of perennial reaches. 5. Altogether, these results indicate dispersal as the primary process shaping metacommunity dynamics in these 10 headwater stream networks, where local communities recurrently undergo extinction and recolonisation events. This challenges previous conceptual views that local environment filtering is the main driver of headwater stream metacommunities. 6. As river networks become increasingly fragmented due to global change, our results suggest that some freshwater ecosystems currently driven by local environment filtering could gradually become dispersal-limited. In this perspective, shifts from perennial to intermittent flow regimes represent ecological thresholds that should not be crossed to avoid jeopardising river biodiversity, functional integrity, and the ecosystem services they provide to society.
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DOI : 10.1111/fwb.13611
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The Gauls experienced the Roman Warm Period: Oxygen isotope study of the Gallic site of Thézy-Glimont, Picardie, France
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Thibault Clauzel, Pascale Richardin, Jannick Ricard, Yves Le Béchennec, Romain Amiot, François Fourel, Brian Phouybanhdyt, Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier, Jean-Pierre Flandrois, Christophe Lécuyer
article
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2020, 34, pp.102595. ⟨10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102595⟩
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The Roman Warm Period (from ≈300 BCE to ≈300 CE) is a climatic optimum, which had a key role in the development of the Roman civilization. This study provides new Mean Air Temperatures (MATs) inferred from the oxygen isotope composition of 80 bones and teeth apatite from 8 humans and 8 animals of the Gallic site of Th ́ezy-Glimont, Picardie, France, dated between the 3rd and 2nd century BCE. Various bones from the cephalic, axial and appendicular skeleton of three human individuals were sampled. All bones have similar phosphate δ18O values for each individual, showing that the oxygen isotope signal of phosphate groups may be homogeneously recorded in bones. The sampled individuals were assumed to drink water from the nearby Avre river collecting local meteoric waters. The MATs were reconstructed combining (1) oxygen isotope fractionation equations be- tween phosphatic tissues (δ18Op) and drinking water (δ18Ow), and (2) relationships between MATs and δ18Ow. Depending on the used MAT-δ18Ow relationship, the reconstructed MATs are 10.2 ◦C ± 1.4 ◦C and 10.5 ◦C ± 1.7 ◦C, which are comparable to present days (10.9 ◦C). This study shows that the Gallic civilization also experienced relatively high temperatures since the initiation of the Roman Warm Period.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102595
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02998511/file/S2352409X20303862.pdf BibTex
titre
Global climate changes account for the main trends of conodont diversity but not for their final demise
auteur
Samuel Ginot, Nicolas Goudemand
article
Global and Planetary Change, 2020, 195, pp.103325. ⟨10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103325⟩
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Conodonts, one of the longest-lived early groups of vertebrates, have a very complete fossil record ranging from the late Cambrian to the end of the Triassic and persisted through many global climatic and biotic events. In this paper, we analyse a large dataset harvested from the Paleobiology Database to compute global diversity curves at the generic level and explore patterns of conodont paleogeographic distribution. Our results partly confirm the most prominent findings of earlier studies including the occurrence of an Ordovician acme, a Permian nadir and a short-lived Triassic recovery. Major peaks of origination were found in the Early Ordovician and Early Triassic, while major extinctions occurred in the Upper Ordovician and Pennsylvanian. Paleogeographical extent of conodonts was impacted by i) the position of paleo-continents (notably impacting the latitudinal gradient of diversity), ii) the available continental shelf area and iii) ice sheets expansion. Diversity trends were mostly impacted by transitions between hothouse and icehouse ages, with major glaciations and associated marine regressions co-occurring with major extinctions. The influence of global sea level was less marked than that of temperature. However, the final demise of conodonts at the end of the Triassic did not coincide with either a major glaciation or marine regression. This supports the view that extinction of the group was mostly due to biotic factors such as competition with ‘Mesozoic’ taxa.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103325
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titre
Isotopic systematics point to wild origin of mummified birds in Ancient Egypt
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Marie Linglin, Romain Amiot, Pascale Richardin, Stéphanie Porcier, Ingrid Antheaume, Didier Berthet, Vincent Grossi, François Fourel, Jean-Pierre Flandrois, Antoine Louchart, Jeremy E. Martin, Christophe Lécuyer
article
Scientific Reports, 2020, 10 (1), ⟨10.1038/s41598-020-72326-7⟩
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Millions of mummified birds serving for religious purpose have been discovered from archeological sites along the Nile Valley of Egypt, in majority ibises. Whether these birds were industrially raised or massively hunted is a matter of heavy debate as it would have a significant impact on the economy related to their supply and cult, and if hunted it would have represented an ecological burden on the birds populations. Here we have measured and analysed the stable oxygen, carbon and radiogenic strontium isotope compositions as well as calcium and barium content of bones along with the stable carbon, nitrogen and sulfur isotope composition of feathers from 20 mummified ibises and birds of prey recovered from various archeological sites of Ancient Egypt. If these migratory birds were locally bred, their stable oxygen, radiogenic strontium and stable sulfur isotopic compositions would be similar to that of coexisting Egyptians, and their stable carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotope variance would be close, or lower than that of Egyptians. On one hand, isotopic values show that ibises ingested food from the Nile valley but with a higher isotopic scattering than observed for the diet of ancient Egyptians. On the other hand, birds of prey have exotic isotopic values compatible with their migratory behaviour. We therefore propose that most mummified ibises and all the birds of prey analysed here were wild animals hunted for religious practice. A most significant feature of Egyptian religion was that most revered gods had the form of animals 1,2. A common practice was the mummification of dead people, since the Old Kingdom (ca. 2,543-2,120 BC) until the fourth century AD, in order to preserve the body from decaying after death and reach the afterlife. From the New Kingdom (c.a. 1,539-1,077), and more particularly from the Late Period (ca. 722-332 BC) the animals have been also widely mummified, and that for four main purposes: victual mummies as food for the afterlife, sacred mummies to preserve the remains of a living incarnation of a god, pet mummies to provide an afterlife to beloved pets, and votive mummies as offerings to the gods. The widespread use of votive mummies to pray the gods Horus (depicted as a falcon) and Thoth (depicted as an ibis) led to the production of millions of bird mummies, as evidenced by archaeological discoveries from at least 38 catacombs across the Nile Valley 3. Such production of bird mummies, which can be considered as intensive, raised the question whether these birds were farmed, thus leading to a significant impact on the economy related to their supply, or hunted with an obvious impact on the birds populations dynamics. It has been speculated that ibises were extensively farmed 4 , a view supported by contemporaneous reports of such practices 5,6. Moreover, finds of mummified ibises at all stages of development, from egg to juvenile to adult, support this suggestion. Ancient Egyptian textual references to « birth chapels » of ibises 7 have also raised the question of artificial incubation of eggs for breeding purposes 8,9 , open
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DOI
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-020-72326-7
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https://hal.science/hal-02991805/file/64%20Linglin%20et%20al.%20%282020%29%20SciRep.pdf BibTex
titre
The Foreign Oligochaete Species Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith, 1900) in Lake Geneva: Morphological and Molecular Characterization and Environmental Influences on Its Distribution
auteur
Régis Vivien, Michel Lafont, Brigitte Lods-Crozet, Maria Holzmann, Laure Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil, Yaniss Guigoz, Benoit Ferrari
article
Biology, 2020, 9 (12), pp.436. ⟨10.3390/biology9120436⟩
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The presence of the oligochaete species Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith, 1900) originating from North America has been mentioned for several decades in Europe, the Middle East and Russia. Its distribution and abundance in Europe is still unknown but it can be considered as potentially invasive. This species was recently discovered in Lake Geneva (Switzerland/France) and three other Swiss lakes. The aims of the present work are to report its repartition and abundance in Lake Geneva, to study its ecology and to determine its invasive potential in this lake. We also provide an identification key for correctly di↵erentiating Q. multisetosus from the closely related species Spirosperma ferox Eisen, 1879 and Embolocephalus velutinus (Grube, 1879), and study the phylogenetic position of Q. multisetosus within several Tubificinae lineages based on the cytochrome c oxidase (COI) marker. Twenty-eight sites have been monitored since 2009 in Lake Geneva. In several sites, the COI sequence corresponding to this species was also searched for in sediment samples using high-throughput sequencing. In addition, we examined specimens collected in this lake before 2009 likely to belong to Q. multisetosus and to have been misidentified. We found that Q. multisetosus was only present in the lake downstream of a wastewater treatment plant and a combined sewer overflow in the Vidy Bay (near Lausanne) and at a site located nearby. These results confirmed the high tolerance of this species to organic matter pollution. Q. multisetosus was already present in this location in 1974 (misidentified as Spirosperma ferox), which suggests that Q. multisetosus has a limited capacity to disseminate in this lake. However, we recommend continuing monitoring its presence in Lake Geneva in the future, especially in the context of warming of waters that could contribute to the expansion of this species.
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DOI : 10.3390/biology9120436
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Spatial and Temporal Variability of Diffusive CO 2 and CH 4 Fluxes From the Amazonian Reservoir Petit‐Saut (French Guiana) Reveals the Importance of Allochthonous Inputs for Long‐Term C Emissions
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Fanny Colas, Vincent Chanudet, Martin Daufresne, Lucie Buchet, Régis Vigouroux, Angélique Bonnet, Frederick Jacob, Jean-Marc Baudoin
article
Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2020, 34 (12), ⟨10.1029/2020GB006602⟩
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Variability in greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs creates uncertainty in global estimates of C emissions from reservoirs. This study examines the temporal and spatial variability in CO2 and CH4 surface water concentrations and diffusive fluxes from an Amazonian reservoir using an original data set combining both a high temporal (1 central site × 22 years) and spatial (44 sites × 1 season) resolution monitoring. The gas concentrations at the central site decreased over time and suggested reduced bioavailability of C in the initial flooded soil but exhibited strong seasonal variation. Not accounting for this variability may result in uncertainties in estimates of annual concentrations (ranging from −68.9% to +260% for CH4 and from −71.5% to +156% for CO2) and thus in estimates of diffusive gas emissions. Gas concentrations and diffusive fluxes exhibited high spatial variability in the reservoir, 24 years after impoundment. In particular, diffusive fluxes were higher in littoral and transitional areas than in open areas, suggesting a large contribution of allochthonous C to current gaseous emissions. Not accounting for this spatial variability in diffusive fluxes may underestimate the total emissions expressed in CO2 equivalents from the whole reservoir by 50.7%. Our study stresses the importance of well‐resolved temporal and spatial monitoring to provide reliable estimated of C emissions and a comprehensive understanding of the processes involved; both of these inputs are needed to support decision‐making for developing energy strategies.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1029/2020GB006602
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Bedrock radioactivity influences the rate and spectrum of mutation
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Nathanaëlle Saclier, Patrick Chardon, Florian Malard, Lara Konecny-Dupré, David Eme, Arnaud Bellec, Vincent Breton, Laurent Duret, Tristan Lefébure, Christophe Jean Douady
article
eLife, 2020, 9, pp.e56830. ⟨10.7554/eLife.56830⟩
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All organisms on Earth are exposed to low doses of natural radioactivity but some habitats are more radioactive than others. Yet, documenting the influence of natural radioactivity on the evolution of biodiversity is challenging. Here, we addressed whether organisms living in naturally more radioactive habitats accumulate more mutations across generations using 14 species of waterlice living in subterranean habitats with contrasted levels of radioactivity. We found that the mitochondrial and nuclear mutation rates across a waterlouse species’ genome increased on average by 60% and 30%, respectively, when radioactivity increased by a factor of three. We also found a positive correlation between the level of radioactivity and the probability of G to T (and complementary C to A) mutations, a hallmark of oxidative stress. We conclude that even low doses of natural bedrock radioactivity influence the mutation rate possibly through the accumulation of oxidative damage, in particular in the mitochondrial genome.
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DOI : 10.7554/eLife.56830
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-03051267/file/Saclier2020eLife.pdf BibTex
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Three‐ and four‐term approximate expansions of the Haverkamp formulation to estimate soil hydraulic properties from disc infiltrometer measurements
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David Moret‐fernández, Borja Latorre, Maria V López, Yolanda Pueyo, Laurent Lassabatere, Rafael Angulo-Jaramilo, Mehdi Rahmati, Jaume Tormo, José M Nicolau
article
Hydrological Processes, 2020, 34 (26), pp.5543-5556. ⟨10.1002/hyp.13966⟩
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Abstract Soil sorptivity, S , and saturated hydraulic conductivity, K s , can be estimated from the inverse analysis of a disc infiltrometer cumulative infiltration curve using the quasi‐exact implicit (QEI) analytical Haverkamp et al. (1994) equation, which is a function of K s , S , the parameters β and γ , the disc radius, r d , and the water content increase, ∆θ . Given the complexity of solving QEI, this paper presents three‐term, 3T, and four‐term, 4T, QEI expansions to estimate S and K s . The interplays between β , γ , K s and S employing S‐K s , γ‐K s , γ‐S , γ‐β , S‐β and K s ‐ β error maps generated for a loam soil synthetic infiltration were analyzed with QEI. To reduce the number of variables, Δθ , r d and γ were packed into the term. Five different QEI expansion analyses were evaluated: (i and ii) optimization of 3T using A , 3T A , or β , 3T β , as fixed variables; (iii and iv) optimization of 3T, 3T Aβ , and 4T, 4T Aβ , using constant β and A values; and (v) optimization of 4T leaving all coefficients free, 4T F . The different methods were evaluated with synthetic infiltrations for homogeneous sand, loam and silt soils, and for an uniform loam soil with a contact sand layer. The QEI expansions were applied to experimental infiltrations, and the results were compared to those obtained with QEI, using β = 0.6 and γ = 0.75. Infiltrations were performed at zero cm of soil tension. Global optimization with QEI demonstrates that γ and β are extremely linked. This makes it difficult to estimate these two parameters. All procedures applied to synthetic homogeneous soils resulted in good K s and S approaches. However, only 3T A , 3T Aβ and 4T Aβ obtained accurate estimates of K s and S when applied to a synthetic homogeneous soil with a contact sand layer. Application of the different methods to the experimental infiltrations showed that 3T Aβ and 4T Aβ gave the most accurate and robust estimates of S and K s .
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DOI
DOI : 10.1002/hyp.13966
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Skeletal muscle metabolism in sea-acclimatized king penguins. I. Thermogenic mechanisms
auteur
Damien Roussel, Marion Le Coadic, Jean-Louis Rouanet, Claude Duchamp
article
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2020, 223 (21), pp.jeb233668. ⟨10.1242/jeb.233668⟩
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t fledging, king penguin juveniles undergo a major energetic challenge to overcome the intense and prolonged energy demands for thermoregulation and locomotion imposed by life in cold seas. Among other responses, sea acclimatization triggers fuel selection in skeletal muscle metabolism towards lipid oxidation in vitro, which is reflected by a drastic increase in lipid-induced thermogenesis in vivo. However, the exact nature of skeletal muscle thermogenic mechanisms (shivering and/or non-shivering thermogenesis) remains undefined. The aim of the present study was to determine in vivo whether the capacity for non-shivering thermogenesis was enhanced by sea acclimatization. We measured body temperature, metabolic rate, heart rate and shivering activity in fully immersed king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) exposed to water temperatures ranging from 12 to 29°C. Results from terrestrial pre-fledging juveniles were compared with those from sea-acclimatized immature penguins (hereafter ‘immatures’). The capacity for thermogenesis in water was as effective in juveniles as in immatures, while the capacity for non- shivering thermogenesis was not reinforced by sea acclimatization. This result suggests that king penguins mainly rely on skeletal muscle contraction (shivering or locomotor activity) to maintain endothermy at sea. Sea-acclimatized immature penguins also exhibited higher shivering efficiency and oxygen pulse (amount of oxygen consumed or energy expended per heartbeat) than pre-fledging juvenile birds. Such increase in shivering and cardiovascular efficiency may favor a more efficient activity–thermoregulatory heat substitution providing penguins with the aptitude to survive the tremendous energetic challenge imposed by marine life in cold circumpolar oceans.
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DOI : 10.1242/jeb.233668
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Skeletal muscle metabolism in sea-acclimatized king penguins. II. Improved efficiency of mitochondrial bioenergetics
auteur
Damien Roussel, Vincent Marmillot, Pierre-Axel Monternier, Aurore Bourguignon, Gaëlle Toullec, Caroline Romestaing, Claude Duchamp
article
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2020, 223 (21), pp.jeb233684. ⟨10.1242/jeb.233684⟩
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At fledging, juvenile king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) must overcome the tremendous energetic constraints imposed by their marine habitat, including during sustained extensive swimming activity and deep dives in cold seawater. Both endurance swimming and skeletal muscle thermogenesis require high mitochondrial respiratory capacity while the submerged part of dive cycles repeatedly and greatly reduces oxygen availability, imposing a need for solutions to conserve oxygen. The aim of the present study was to determine in vitro whether skeletal muscle mitochondria become more ‘thermogenic’ to sustain heat production or more ‘economical’ to conserve oxygen in sea-acclimatized immature penguins (hereafter ‘immatures’) compared with terrestrial juveniles. Rates of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation were measured in permeabilized fibers and mitochondria from the pectoralis muscle. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis and coupling efficiency were measured in isolated muscle mitochondria. The mitochondrial activities of respiratory chain complexes and citrate synthase were also assessed. The results showed that respiration, ATP synthesis and respiratory chain complex activities in pectoralis muscles were increased by sea acclimatization. Furthermore, muscle mitochondria were on average 30–45% more energy efficient in sea-acclimatized immatures than in pre-fledging juveniles, depending on the respiratory substrate used (pyruvate, palmitoylcarnitine). Hence sea acclimatization favors the development of economical management of oxygen, decreasing the oxygen needed to produce a given amount of ATP. This mitochondrial phenotype may improve dive performance during the early marine life of king penguins, by extending their aerobic dive limit.
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DOI : 10.1242/jeb.233684
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Metal pollution trajectories and mixture risk assessed by combining dated cores and subsurface sediments along a major European river (Rhône River, France)
auteur
André-Marie Dendievel, Brice Mourier, Aymeric Dabrin, Hugo Delile, Alexandra Coynel, Antoine Gosset, Yohan Liber, Jean-François Berger, Jean-Philippe Bedell
article
Environment International, 2020, 144, pp.106032. ⟨10.1016/j.envint.2020.106032⟩
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In European rivers, research and monitoring programmes have targeted metal pollution from bed and floodplain sediments since the mid-20th century by using various sampling and analysis protocols. We propose to characterise metal contamination trajectories since the 1960s based on the joint use of a large amount of data from dated cores and subsurface sediments along the Rhône River (ca. 512 km, Switzerland–France). For the reconstruction of spatio-temporal trends, enrichment factors (EF) and geo-accumulation (Igeo) approaches were compared. The latter index was preferred due to the recurrent lack of grain-size and lithogenic elements in the dataset. Local geochemical backgrounds were established near (1) the Subalps and (2) the Massif Central to consider the geological variability of the watershed. A high contamination (Igeo = 3–5) was found for Cd, Cu and Zn from upstream to downstream over the period 1980–2000. This pattern is consistent with long-term emissions from major cities and the nearby industrial areas of the Upper Rhône (Geneva, Arve Valley), and Middle Rhône (Lyon, Chemical Corridor, Gier Valley). Hotspots due to Cu and Zn leaching from vineyards, mining, and highway runoff were also identified, while Pb was especially driven by industrial sources. The recovery time of pollution in sediment varied according to the metals and was shorter upstream of Lyon (15–20 years) than downstream (30–40 years). More widely, it was faster on the Rhône than along other European rivers (e.g. Seine and Rhine). Finally, the ecotoxicological mixture risk of metal with Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) for sediment-dwelling organisms showed a medium “cocktail risk” dominated by metals upstream of Lyon, although it is enhanced due to POPs downstream, and southward to the delta and the Mediterranean Sea. Overall, this study demonstrates the heterogeneity of the contamination trends along large fluvial corridors such as the Rhône River.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106032
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Local-scale dynamics of plant-pesticide interactions in a northern Brittany agricultural landscape
auteur
Anne-Antonella Serra, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere, Cendrine Mony, Kahina Slimani, Frédérique Pallois, D Renault, Ivan Couée, Gwenola Gouesbet, Cécile Sulmon
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 744, pp.140772. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140772⟩
resume
Soil pollution by anthropogenic chemicals is a major concern for sustainability of crop production and of ecosys- tem functions mediated by natural plant biodiversity. Understanding the complex effects of soil pollution re- quires multi-level and multi-scale approaches. Non-target and agri-environmental plant communities of field margins and vegetative filter strips are confronted with agricultural xenobiotics through soil contamination, drift, run-off and leaching events that result from chemical applications. Plant-pesticide dynamics in vegetative filter strips was studied at field scale in the agricultural landscape of a long-term ecological research network in northern Brittany (France). Vegetative filter strips effected significant pesticide abatement between the field and riparian compartments. However, comparison of pesticide usage modalities and soil chemical analysis re- vealed the extent and complexity of pesticide persistence in fields and vegetative filter strips, and suggested the contribution of multiple sources (yearly carry-over, interannual persistence, landscape-scale contamination). In order to determine the impact of such persistence, plant dynamics was followed in experimentally-designed vegetative filter strips of identical initial composition (Agrostis stolonifera, Anthemis tinctoria/Cota tinctoria, Cen- taurea cyanus, Fagopyrum esculentum, Festuca rubra, Lolium perenne, Lotus corniculatus, Phleum pratense, Trifolium pratense). After homogeneous vegetation establishment, experimental vegetative filter strips underwent rapid changes within the following two years, with Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Lolium perenne and Phleum pratense becoming dominant and with the establishment of spontaneous vegetation. Co-inertia analysis showed that plant dynamics and soil residual pesticides could be significantly correlated, with the triazole fungicide epoxiconazole, the imidazole fungicide prochloraz and the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam as strong drivers of the correlation. However, the correlation was vegetative-filter-strip-specific, thus showing that corre- lation between plant dynamics and soil pesticides likely involved additional factors, such as threshold levels of residual pesticides. This situation of complex interactions between plants and soil contamination is further discussed in terms of agronomical, environmental and health issues.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140772
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Emerging polar pollutants in groundwater: Potential impact of urban stormwater infiltration practices
auteur
Lucie Pinasseau, Laure Wiest, Laurence Volatier, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Emmanuelle Vulliet
article
Environmental Pollution, 2020, 266, pp.115387. ⟨10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115387⟩
resume
The quality of groundwater (GW) resources is decreasing partly due to chemical contaminations from a wide range of activities, such as industrial and agricultural enterprises and changes in land-use. In urban areas, one potential major pathway of GW contamination is associated with urban water management practices based on stormwater runoff infiltration systems (SIS). Data on the performance of the upper layer of soil and the unsaturated zone of infiltration basins to limit the contamination of GW by hy- drophilic compounds are lacking. With this aim, the impact of infiltration practices on GW contamination was assessed for 12 pesticides and 4 pharmaceuticals selected according to their ecotoxicological rele- vance and their likelihood of being present in urban stormwater and GW. For this purpose, 3 campaigns were conducted at 4 SIS during storm events. For each campaign, passive samplers based on the use of EmporeTM disk were deployed in GW wells upstream and downstream of SIS, as well as in the storm- water runoff entering the infiltration basins. Upstream and downstream GW contaminations were compared to evaluate the potential effect of SIS on GW contamination and possible relationships with stormwater runoff composition were examined. Our results showed two interesting opposite trends: (i) carbendazim, diuron, fluopyram, imidacloprid and lamotrigine had concentrations significantly increasing in GW impacted by infiltration, indicating a contribution of SIS to GW contamination, (ii) atrazine, simazine and 2 transformation products exhibited concentrations significantly decreasing with infiltration due to a probable dilution of historic GW contaminants with infiltrated stormwater runoff. The other 7 contaminants showed no general trend. This study demonstrates that passive samplers deployed in GW wells enabled the capture of emerging polar pollutants present at very low concen- trations and allowed the assessment of infiltration practices on GW quality. New data on GW and urban stormwater are provided for poorly studied hazardous compounds.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115387
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A Bayesian network approach for the identification of relationships between drivers of chlordecone bioaccumulation in plants
auteur
Yohan Liber, Denis Cornet, Régis Tournebize, Cyril Feidt, Maurice Mahieu, Francois Laurent, Jean-Philippe Bedell
article
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020, 27, pp.41046-41051. ⟨10.1007/s11356-019-07449-0⟩
resume
Plants were sampled from four different types of chlordecone-contaminated land in Guadeloupe (West Indies). The objective was to investigate the importance of biological and agri-environmental parameters in the ability of plants to bioaccumulate chlordecone. Among the plant traits studied, only the growth habit significantly affected chlordecone transfer, since prostrate plants concentrated more chlordecone than erect plants. In addition, intensification of land use has led to a significant increase in the amount of chlordecone absorbed by plants. The use of Bayesian networks uncovers some hypothesis and identifies paths for reflection and possible studies to identify and quantify relationships that explain our data.
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DOI : 10.1007/s11356-019-07449-0
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titre
Unravelling the effects of multiple stressors on diatom and macroinvertebrate communities in European river basins using structural and functional approaches
auteur
Núria de Castro-Català, Sylvain Dolédec, Eleni Kalogianni, Nikolaos Th. Skoulikidis, Momir Paunovic, Božica Vasiljević, Sergi Sabater, Elisabet Tornés, Isabel Muñoz
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 742, pp.140543. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140543⟩
resume
Rivers suffer from more severe decreases in species diversity compared to other aquatic and terrestrial ecosys- tems due to a variety of pressures related to human activities. Species provide different roles in the functioning of the ecosystem, and their loss may reduce the capacity of the ecosystems to respond to multiple stressors. The effects on diversity will differ based on the type, combination and severity of stressors, as well as on the char- acteristics of the community composition and tolerance. Multiple trait-based approaches (MTBAs) can help to unravel the effects of multiple stressors on communities, providing a mechanistic interpretation, and, thus, complementing traditional biodiversity assessments using community structure. We studied the relationships between diversity indexes and trait composition of macroinvertebrate and diatom communities, as well as envi- ronmental variables that described the hydrological and geomorphological alterations and toxic pollution (pes- ticides and pharmaceuticals) of three different European river basins: the Adige, the Sava, and the Evrotas. These river basins can be considered representative cases of different situations in European freshwater systems. Hy- drological variables were the main drivers determining the community structure and function in the rivers, for both diatoms and macroinvertebrates. For diatom communities, pharmaceutical active compound (PhAC) toxic units were also identified as a very important driver of diversity changes, explaining up to 57% of the variance in taxonomic richness. For macroinvertebrates, river geomorphology was an important driver of structural changes, particularly affecting Plecoptera richness. In addition, PhAC and pesticide toxic units were also identified as stressors for macroinvertebrate communities. MTBA provided a detailed picture of the effects of the stressors on the communities and confirmed the importance of hydrological variables in shaping the functional attributes of the communities.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140543
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Are surface water characteristics efficient to locate hyporheic biodiversity hotspots ?
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Pierre Marmonier, Michel Creuzé Des Châtelliers, Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Olivier Radakovitch, A. Mayer, H. Chapuis, D. Graillot, J. Re-Bahuaud, A. Johannet, L. Cadilhac
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 738, pp.40-52. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139930⟩
resume
Location of river-groundwater exchange zones and biodiversity hotspot is essential for a river management plan, especially for Mediterranean karstic rivers. This location is often difficult and time-consuming when long river sectors are considered. We studied a 13 km-long sector of the Cèze River (Southern France) located in a karstic canyon.We compared five indicators of river-groundwater exchanges: longitudinal profiles of temperature, electrical conductivity and 222Rn concentrations in the surface water of the river, chemical characteristics of the hyporheic water and hyporheic biodiversity. Upwelling zones occurred downstream of geomorphological heterogeneities (here at the tail of gravel bars). Surface water chemistry, especially electrical conductivity and 222Rn concentrations, clearly traces large scale gaining sections, which were not associated to valley narrowing but with lateral springs, suggesting a crucial role of the geological structuration of the karstic plateau of Méjanne-le-Clap. Hyporheic water chemistry fits with the large-scale hydrological pattern, but with a high variability corresponding to local heterogeneities. The stygobite fauna (obligate groundwater organisms) and benthic EPTC (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Coleoptera) occurred preferentially in the gaining sections fed by groundwater, likely because of oligotrophicwater and cooler temperature. The spatial distribution of river-groundwater exchange zone and hyporheic biodiversity may be thus predicted using changes in surface water chemistry, especially for electrical conductivity and 222Rn concentrations.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139930
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A comparison of metrics for quantifying cranial suture complexity
auteur
Heather White, Julien Clavel, Abigail Tucker, Anjali Goswami
article
Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2020, 17 (171), pp.20200476. ⟨10.1098/rsif.2020.0476⟩
resume
Cranial sutures play critical roles in facilitating postnatal skull development and function. The diversity of function is reflected in the highly variable suture morphology and complexity. Suture complexity has seldom been studied, resulting in little consensus on the most appropriate approach for comparative, quantitative analyses. Here, we provide the first comprehensive comparison of current approaches for quantifying suture morphology, using a wide range of two-dimensional suture outlines across extinct and extant mam- mals (n = 79). Five complexity metrics (sinuosity index (SI), suture complexity index (SCI), fractal dimension (FD) box counting, FD madogram and a wind- owed short-time Fourier transform with power spectrum density (PSD) calculation) were compared with each other and with the shape variation in the dataset. Analyses of suture shape demonstrate that the primary axis of variation captured attributes other than complexity, supporting the use of a complexity metric over raw shape data for sutural complexity analyses. Each approach captured different aspects of complexity. PSD successfully discrimi- nates different sutural features, such as looping patterns and interdigitation amplitude and number, while SCI best-captured variation in interdigitation number alone. Therefore, future studies should consider the relevant attributes for their question when selecting a metric for comparative analysis of suture variation, function and evolution.
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DOI : 10.1098/rsif.2020.0476
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The reconstruction of burned area and fire severity using charcoal from boreal lake sediments
auteur
Andy Hennebelle, Julie Aleman, Adam Ali, Yves Bergeron, Christopher Carcaillet, Pierre Grondin, Josianne Landry, Olivier Blarquez
article
The Holocene, 2020, 30 (10), pp.1400-1409. ⟨10.1177/0959683620932979⟩
resume
Although lacustrine sedimentary charcoal has long been used to infer paleofires, their quantitative reconstructions require improvements of the calibration of their links with fire regimes (i.e. occurrence, area, and severity) and the taphonomic processes that affect charcoal particles between the production and the deposition in lake sediments. Charcoal particles >150 μm were monitored yearly from 2011 to 2016 using traps submerged in seven head lakes situated in flat-to-rolling boreal forest landscapes in eastern Canada. The burned area was measured, and the above-ground fire severity was assessed using the differentiated normalized burn ratio (dNBR) index, derived from LANDSAT images, and measurements taken within zones radiating 3, 15, and 30 km from the lakes. In order to evaluate potential lag effects in the charcoal record, fire metrics were assessed for the year of recorded charcoal recording (lag 0) and up to 5years before charcoal deposition (lag 5). A total of 92 variables were generated and sorted using a Random Forest-based methodology. The most explanatory variables for annual charcoal particle presence, expressed as the median surface area, were selected. Results show that, temporally, sedimentary charcoal accurately recorded fire events without a temporal lag; spatially, fires were recorded up to 30 km from the lakes. Selected variables highlighted the importance of burned area and fire severity in explaining lacustrine charcoal. The charcoal influx was thus driven by fire area and severity during the production process. The dispersion process of particles resulted mostly of wind transportation within the regional (<30 km) source area. Overall, charcoal median surface area represents a reliable proxy for reconstructing past burned areas and fire severities.
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DOI : 10.1177/0959683620932979
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Dataset of natural metal background levels inferred from pre-industrial palaeochannel sediment cores along the Rhône River (France)
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André-Marie Dendievel, Brice Mourier, Aymeric Dabrin, Adrien Barra, Céline Bégorre, Hugo Delile, Myriam Hammada, Gary Lardaux, Jean-François Berger
article
Data in Brief, 2020, 32, pp.106256. ⟨10.1016/j.dib.2020.106256⟩
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DOI : 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106256
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Echecs de régénération du chêne en présence de molinie : au-delà d'une simple compétition pour les ressources
auteur
Marine Fernandez, Philippe Malagoli, Antoine Vernay, Thierry Ameglio, Philippe Balandier
article
Rendez-vous Techniques de l'ONF, 2020, 67-68, pp.39-45
resume
L’effet de compétition de la molinie sur les jeunes chênes est une problématique bien connue dans les forêts tempérées. La poacée est particulièrement efficace dans l’absorption de l’eau et de l’azote du sol, entrainant d’importants échecs de régénération dans les chênaies. Toutefois, les interactions entre la molinie et les tout jeunes chênes ne semblent pas se limiter à de la simple compétition pour les ressources. Des expérimentations en pot ont mis en évidence que la molinie pourrait émettre des molécules ayant un effet négatif sur la croissance du chêne. Inversement, le chêne faciliterait la croissance des molinies en relarguant rapidement de l’azote dans le sol. Cet azote capté par la molinie permet une croissance plus rapide de cette dernière en comparaison à sa croissance sans chêne. Cette étude met en évidence que les interactions entre le jeune chêne et la molinie vont au-delà de la simple compétition pour les ressources.
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Oldest Jurassic wood with Gondwanan affinities from the Middle Jurassic of Tibetan Plateau and its paleoclimatological and paleoecological significance
auteur
Guoqing Xia, Ning Tian, Marc Philippe, Haisheng Yi, Chihua Wu, Gaojie Li, Zhiqiang Shi
article
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2020, 281, pp.104283. ⟨10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104283⟩
resume
Jurassic flora of the Tibetan Plateau is poorly known, with limited fossil records. The paleobiogeography of terres- trial biota is, however, one of the major evidences to reconstruct the intricate paleogeography of an area. Well- preserved fossil wood is described from the Middle Jurassic Xiali Formation (Callovian) in the South Qiangtang terrane of the Tibetan Plateau, SW China. The wood specimen is a well-preserved secondary xylem without growth rings. Bordered pits on the radial tracheid walls are mostly uniseriate distant, locally contiguous. Cross- fields have 1–2 large oopores. A systematic study indicates that the current fossil wood represents a new species, Circoporoxylon tibetense sp. nov. This is the earliest Laurasian data for the genus Circoporoxylon, which has a Gondwanan origin and subsequently became common in Laurasia during the Cretaceous. The present new find- ing indicates that Circoporoxylon might have reached the Laurasia via a Tibetan terrane. The presence of fungal remains and wood rotting structures resembling the extant white-rot testifies for the plant–fungal interaction in the Callovian. The absence of growth rings in Circoporoxylon wood and the absence of gypsum layers in the South Qiangtang terrane, together with the widely occurrence of gypsum layers in the North Qiangtang terrane, suggests the South Qiangtang terrane might be wetter than the latter during the Callovian age. The paleogeomorphological highlands of Central Uplift were most likely the boundary between the two. This paleoclimate zonation implies that the Permian to Mesozoic megamonsoon of the supercontinent Pangaea might have terminated in the northern of Paleo-Tethys before the Callovian.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104283
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Integration of ecosystem science into radioecology: A consensus perspective
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Olin Rhodes, Francois Bréchignac, Clare Bradshaw, Thomas Hinton, Carmel Mothersill, John Arnone, Doug Aubrey, Lawrence Barnthouse, James Beasley, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Lindsay Boring, Albert Bryan, Krista Capps, Bernard Clément, Austin Coleman, Caitlin Condon, Fanny Coutelot, Timothy Devol, Guha Dharmarajan, Dean Fletcher, Wes Flynn, Garth Gladfelder, Travis Glenn, Susan Hendricks, Ken Ishida, Tim Jannik, Larry Kapustka, Ulrik Kautsky, Robert Kennamer, Wendy Kuhne, Stacey Lance, Gennadiy Laptyev, Cara Love, Lisa Manglass, Nicole Martinez, Teresa Mathews, Arthur Mckee, William Mcshea, Steve Mihok, Gary Mills, Ben Parrott, Brian Powell, Evgeny Pryakhin, Ann Rypstra, David Scott, John Seaman, Colin Seymour, Maryna Shkvyria, Amelia Ward, David White, Michael Wood, Jess Zimmerman
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 740, pp.140031. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140031⟩
resume
In the Fall of 2016 a workshop was held which brought together over 50 scientists from the ecological and radio- logical fields to discuss feasibility and challenges of reintegrating ecosystem science into radioecology. There is a growing desire to incorporate attributes of ecosystem science into radiological risk assessment and radioecological research more generally, fueled by recent advances in quantification of emergent ecosystem at- tributes and the desire to accurately reflect impacts of radiological stressors upon ecosystem function. This paper is a synthesis of the discussions and consensus of the workshop participant's responses to three primary questions, which were: 1) How can ecosystem science support radiological risk assessment? 2) What ecosystem level endpoints potentially could be used for radiological risk assessment? and 3) What inference strategies and associated methods would be most appropriate to assess the effects of radionuclides on ecosystem structure and function? The consensus of the participants was that ecosystem science can and should support radiological risk assessment through the incorporation of quantitative metrics that reflect ecosystem functions which are sensi- tive to radiological contaminants. The participants also agreed that many such endpoints exit or are thought to exit and while many are used in ecological risk assessment currently, additional data need to be collected that link the causal mechanisms of radiological exposure to these endpoints. Finally, the participants agreed that ra- diological risk assessments must be designed and informed by rigorous statistical frameworks capable of reveal- ing the causal inference tying radiological exposure to the endpoints selected for measurement.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140031
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Stable isotopes (δ18O and δ13C) give new perspective on the ecology and diet of Endothiodon bathystoma (Therapsida, Dicynodontia) from the late Permian of the South African Karoo Basin
auteur
Kévin Rey, Michael Day, Romain Amiot, François Fourel, Julie Luyt, Christophe Lécuyer, Bruce Rubidge
article
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2020, 556, pp.109882. ⟨10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109882⟩
resume
Please cite this article as: K. Rey, M.O. Day, R. Amiot, et al., Stable isotopes (δ18O and δ13C) give new perspective on the ecology and diet of Endothiodon bathystoma (Therapsida, Dicynodontia) from the late Permian of the South African Karoo Basin, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (2020), https://doi.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109882
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titre
Nest attentiveness drives nest predation in arctic sandpipers
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Nicolas Meyer, Loïc Bollache, François‐xavier Dechaume‐moncharmont, Jérôme Moreau, Eve Afonso, Anders Angerbjörn, Joël Bêty, Dorothée Ehrich, Vladimir Gilg, Marie‐andrée Giroux, Jannik Hansen, Richard Lanctot, Johannes Lang, Nicolas Lecomte, Laura Mckinnon, Jeroen Reneerkens, Sarah Saalfeld, Brigitte Sabard, Niels Schmidt, Benoît Sittler, Paul Smith, Aleksandr Sokolov, Vasiliy Sokolov, Natalia Sokolova, Rob van Bemmelen, Olivier Gilg
article
Oikos, 2020, 129 (10), pp.1481-1492. ⟨10.1111/oik.07311⟩
resume
Most birds incubate their eggs to allow embryo development. This behaviour limits the ability of adults to perform other activities. Hence, incubating adults trade off incubation and nest protection with foraging to meet their own needs. Parents can either cooperate to sustain this tradeoff or incubate alone. The main cause of reproductive failure at this reproductive stage is predation and adults reduce this risk by keeping the nest location secret. Arctic sandpipers are interesting biological models to investigate parental care evolution as they may use several parental care strategies. The three main incubation strategies include both parents sharing incubation duties ('biparental'), one parent incubating alone ('uniparental'), or a flexible strategy with both uniparental and biparental incubation within a population ('mixed'). By monitoring the incubation behaviour in 714 nests of seven sandpiper species across 12 arctic sites, we studied the relationship between incubation strategy and nest predation. First, we described how the frequency of incubation recesses (NR), their mean duration (MDR), and the daily total duration of recesses (TDR) vary among strategies. Then, we examined how the relationship between the daily predation rate and these components of incubation behaviour varies across strategies using two complementary survival analysis. For uniparental and biparental species, the daily predation rate increased with the daily total duration of recesses and with the mean duration of recesses. In contrast, daily predation rate increased with the daily number of recesses for biparental species only. These patterns may be attributed to two independent mechanisms: cryptic incubating adults are more difficult to locate than unattended nests and adults departing the nest or feeding close to the nest can draw predators' attention. Our results demonstrate that incubation behaviour as mediated by incubation strategy has important consequences for sandpipers' reproductive success.
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DOI : 10.1111/oik.07311
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Transgenerational Plasticity in the Context of Predator-Prey Interactions
auteur
Juliette Tariel-Adam, Sandrine Plénet, Émilien Luquet
article
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2020, 8, pp.548660. ⟨10.3389/fevo.2020.548660⟩
resume
Almost all animal species are engaged in predator-prey interactions. These interactions, variable in time and space, favor the emergence and evolution of phenotypic plasticity, which allows prey to fine-tune their phenotype to the current risk of predation. A famous example is the induction of defensive neck-teeth, spines or helmets in some water fleas when they detect cues of predator presence. In general, the response may involve different types of traits (behavioral, morphological, physiological, and life-history traits), alone or in combination. The induced traits may be adaptive anti-predator defenses or reflect more general stress-based responses. Recently, it has been found that predator-induced plasticity occurs not only within but also across generations (transgenerational plasticity), i.e., the phenotype of a generation is influenced by the detection of predator-cues in previous generation(s), even if the current generation is not itself exposed to these cues. In this paper, we aim to review this accumulating literature and propose a current state of key aspects of predator-induced transgenerational plasticity in metazoans. In particular, we review whether patterns of predator-induced transgenerational plasticity depend on the type of traits. We analyze the adaptive value of predator-induced transgenerational plasticity and explore the evidence for its evolution and underlying mechanisms. We also consider its temporal dynamics: what are the time windows during which predator-cues must be detected to be transmitted across generations? Are transgenerational responses in offspring stage-dependent? How many generations does transgenerational plasticity persist? Finally, we discuss other factors highlighted in the literature that influence predator-induced transgenerational plasticity: what are the relative contributions of maternal and paternal exposure to predator-cues in generating transgenerational plasticity? Do transgenerational responses depend on offspring sex? Do they scale with the perceived level of predation risk? This review shows that we are only at the beginning of understanding the processes of predator- induced transgenerational plasticity, and it encourages future research to fill the lack of knowledge highlighted here.
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DOI : 10.3389/fevo.2020.548660
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Soil hydraulic properties estimation from one‐dimensional infiltration experiments using characteristic time concept
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Mehdi Rahmati, Jan Vanderborght, Jirka Šimůnek, Jasper Vrugt, David Moret‐fernández, Borja Latorre, Laurent Lassabatère, Harry Vereecken
article
Vadose Zone Journal, 2020, 19 (1), ⟨10.1002/vzj2.20068⟩
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DOI : 10.1002/vzj2.20068
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Legacy sediments in a European context: The example of infrastructure-induced sediments on the Rhône River
auteur
Sophia Vauclin, Brice Mourier, Hervé Piégay, Thierry Winiarski
article
Anthropocene, 2020, 31, pp.100248. ⟨10.1016/j.ancene.2020.100248⟩
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DOI : 10.1016/j.ancene.2020.100248
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Ecdysteroids affect female reproductive status and outcome of contest over hosts in the parasitoid wasp Eupelmus vuilleti
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Anthony G.E. Mathiron, Charly Dixneuf, Nathalie Mondy, Charlotte Lécureuil, Ryan Earley, Marlène Goubault
article
Hormones and Behavior, 2020, 125, pp.104819. ⟨10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104819⟩
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DOI : 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104819
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SI_publie.pdf
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Effect of interspecific competition on species sensitivity distribution models: Analysis of plant responses to chemical stress
auteur
Vincent Baillard, Cécile Sulmon, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere, Cendrine Mony, Ivan Couée, Gwenola Gouesbet, Marie Laure Delignette-Muller, Simon Devin, Elise Billoir
article
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2020, 200, pp.110722. ⟨10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110722⟩
resume
Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSD) are widely used in environmental risk assessment to predict the con- centration of a contaminant that is hazardous for 5% of species (HC5). They are based on monospecific bioassays conducted in the laboratory and thus do not directly take into account ecological interactions. This point, among others, is accounted for in environmental risk assessment through an assessment factor (AF) that is applied to compensate for the lack of environmental representativity. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of in- terspecific competition on the responses towards isoproturon of plant species representative of a vegetated filter strip community, and to assess its impact on the derived SSD and HC5 values. To do so, we realized bioassays confronting six herbaceous species to a gradient of isoproturon exposure in presence and absence of a compe- titor. Several modelling approaches were applied to see how they affected the results, using different critical effect concentrations and investigating different ways to handle multiple endpoints in SSD. At the species level, there was a strong trend toward organisms being more sensitive to isoproturon in presence of a competitor than in its absence. At the community level, this trend was also observed in the SSDs and HC5 values were always lower in presence of a competitor (1.12–11.13 times lower, depending on the modelling approach). Our dis- cussion questions the relevance of SSD and AF as currently applied in environmental risk assessment.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110722
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Mitochondrial threshold for H2O2 release in skeletal muscle of mammals
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Yann Voituron, Mélanie Boël, Damien Roussel
article
Mitochondrion, 2020, 54, pp.85-91. ⟨10.1016/j.mito.2020.07.005⟩
resume
The aim of the study was to evaluate the interplay between mitochondrial respiration and H2O2 release during the transition from basal non-phosphorylating to maximal phosphorylating states. We conducted a large scale comparative study of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, H2O2 release and electron leak (% H2O2/O) in skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from mammal species ranging from 7 g to 500 kg. Mitochondrial fluxes were measured at different steady state rates in presence of pyruvate, malate, and succinate as respiratory substrates. Every species exhibited a burst of H2O2 release from skeletal muscle mitochondria at a low rate of oxidative phosphorylation, essentially once the activity of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reached 26% of the maximal respiration. This threshold for ROS generation thus appears as a general characteristic of skeletal muscle mitochondria in mammals. These findings may have implications in situations promoting succinate accumulation within mitochondria, such as ischemia or hypoxia.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.mito.2020.07.005
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Does Biological Denitrification Inhibition (BDI) in the Field Induce an Increase in Plant Growth and Nutrition in Apium graveolens L. Grown for a Long Period?
auteur
William Galland, Florence Piola, Céline Mathieu, Lyna Bouladra, Laurent Simon, Feth El Zahar Haichar
article
Microorganisms, 2020, 8 (8), pp.1-13. ⟨10.3390/microorganisms8081204⟩
resume
Intensive agriculture uses a lot of nitrogen fertilizers to increase crop productivity. These crops are in competition with soil-denitrifying microorganisms that assimilate nitrogen in the form of nitrate and transform it into N 2 O, a greenhouse gas, or N 2. However, certain plant species exude secondary metabolites, called procyanidins, which inhibit denitrifiers and increase the nitrate pool in the soil available for plant nutrition. This phenomenon is called biological denitrification inhibition. Previously, we showed that the addition of exogenous procyanidins to a lettuce crop induces denitrifier inhibition and increases nitrate content in the soil, affecting lettuce morphological traits. Here, the effects of procyanidin amendments in the field on a more long-term and nitrogen-consuming crop species such as celery were tested. The effects of procyanidin amendment on celery growth with those of conventional ammonium nitrate amendments were, therefore, compared. Denitrification activity, nitrate concentration, the abundance of denitrifying bacteria in the soil, and traits related to celery growth were measured. It was shown that the addition of procyanidins inhibits denitrifiers and increases the soil nitrate level, inducing an improvement in celery morphological traits. In addition, procyanidin amendment induces the lowest nitrogen concentration in tissues and reduces N 2 O emissions.
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DOI : 10.3390/microorganisms8081204
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Isotopic and time series investigations of recent stalagmites (1945–2018), Schlossberg tunnels, Graz, Austria: implications for climate change in Central Europe
auteur
Ana-Voica Bojar, Christophe Lécuyer, Octavian Duliu, Hans-Peter Bojar, François Fourel
article
The Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2020, 507 (1), pp.193-207. ⟨10.1144/SP507-2019-154⟩
resume
For the first time, we present a decadal-scale stable isotope record (δ 18 O, δ 13 C) of 67 speleothem calcite samples coming from an artificial tunnel network located in Graz, Austria. Stable isotope data are interpreted with the help of time series (TS) analysis of mean air temperatures (MAT) and mean annual precipitations (MAP) that have been monitored and recorded in a neighbouring meteorological station. Speleothem records have proved to be very useful in reconstructing changes of environmental conditions. For studied stalagmites, which grew between 1945 and 2018, the δ 18 O values average −18.64‰ and range from −23‰ to −17‰ (VPDB, Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite), suggesting variable climatic conditions. The δ 18 O values of calcite increase along the growth axis and are correlated with high temporal resolution MAT, MAP and weighted mean annual δ 18 O of precipitations. For the same time interval, while the temperature TS show an increasing trend, with a steeper gradient since the 1980s, the precipitation TS presents a weak decreasing tendency. Increase in the δ 13 C values of speleothems from −33‰ to −24‰ (VPDB) is correlated with increasing temperature and drought, associated CO 2 degassing and soil erosion over the tunnel system.
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DOI : 10.1144/SP507-2019-154
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Long-Term Steady-State Dry Boreal Forest in the Face of Disturbance
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Christopher Carcaillet, Mireille Desponts, Vincent Robin, Yves Bergeron
article
Ecosystems, 2020, 23 (5), pp.1075-1092. ⟨10.1007/s10021-019-00455-w⟩
resume
We used bioproxies from paleosoils buried within two aeolian dunes to test hypotheses concerning the origin of dry sandy boreal forests in Canada. These forests are dominated today by Pinus bank- siana Lamb. One hypothesis is that too frequent Holocene stand-replacing fires would have trans- formed the original vegetation through extirpation of susceptible species to fire in water stress habitat. Alternatively, the ecosystem would have not changed since the dunes stabilized enough to sup- port forest establishment. The vegetation compo- sition and richness were determined by identification of charcoal and macroremains and radiocarbon dating for the chronology. Both sites revealed a similar history covering 6400 years. Half of the charcoal layers were less than 2500 years old in both sites, indicating that they had been sub- jected to the same fire history. Data indicated a stable plant composition and richness, although the percentage of Pinus decreased slightly over 4000 years (decreasing rate 1% per century). The fungus Cenococcum geophilum was consistently pre- sent, with a stochastic abundance. The vegetation grew under natural fire conditions and soil dryness since 6000 years. The ecosystem was probably not stressed by late-Holocene fires or climate changes, as the multi-millennial steady state reveals a resis- tant and resilient ecosystem.
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DOI : 10.1007/s10021-019-00455-w
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Sedimentological and geochemical data in bed sediments from a tropical river-estuary system impacted by a developing megacity, Ho Chi Minh City - Vietnam
auteur
David Noncent, Emilie Strady, Julien Némery, Nguyen Thành-Nho, Denis Hervé, Brice Mourier, Marc Babut, Truong An Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Tuyet Nguyen, Cyril Marchand, Marc Desmet, Tran Anh Tu, Joanne Aimé, Nicolas Gratiot, Quoc Tuc Dinh, Phuoc Dan Nguyen
article
Data in Brief, 2020, 31, pp.261-269. ⟨10.1016/j.dib.2020.105938⟩
resume
Sedimentological and geochemical data were obtained for bed sediments from a tropical estuary environment in Vietnam in October 2014, January 2016, and November 2016. The data include grain-size distribution, percentage of clay, silt and sand, percentage of organic matter, concentration of total particulate phosphorus (TPP), concentration of particulate inorganic phosphorus (PIP), concentration of particulate organic phosphorus (POP), percentage of total nitrogen (TN), percentage of total carbon (TC), trace metals concentrations (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Pb) and major elements (Al, Fe, Mn). Geochemical indexes (Enrichment factor EF and Geo-accumulation Index I-geo) and sediment quality guideline (mean Effect Range Median quotients) were calculated.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105938
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titre
Fire-vegetation interactions during the last 11,000 years in boreal and cold temperate forests of Fennoscandia
auteur
Chiara Molinari, Christopher Carcaillet, Richard H.W. Bradshaw, Gina Hannon, Veiko Lehsten
article
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2020, 241, pp.106408. ⟨10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106408⟩
resume
The long-term ecological interactions between fire and the composition of dominant trees and shrubs in boreal and cold temperate Fennoscandian forests are still under discussion. We hypothesized that fire- prone taxa should abound during periods and regions characterized by higher fire disturbance, while fire-intolerant taxa should dominate when and where fire activity is low. Biomass burning (BB) is here investigated based on 69 sedimentary charcoal records. For the same sites, the relative contribution of pollen-based reconstructions of dominant vegetation cover divided into three different fire-sensitivity classes is explored by means of a statistical approach. The overall patterns found across Fennoscandia suggest that Ericaceae (mainly Calluna), Pinus, Betula and Populus are strongly positively correlated with multi-millennial variability of BB in both boreal and cold temperate forests, confirming their fire-prone character (taxa adapted/favoured by burning). Positive but much weaker (and not always significant) relationships also exist between long-term trends in BB and Fagus, Quercus, Corylus, Alnus, Juniperus, Carpinus and Salix, fire-tolerant taxa that survive low/moderate intense fires because of specific func- tional traits or their rapid, enhanced regeneration after fire. A strong negative significant correlation is instead detected between BB and Picea, Ulmus Tilia, Fraxinus, which are fire-intolerant taxa and can locally disappear for a short time after a fire. This large-scale analysis supports our initial hypothesis that tree and shrub dominance was closely linked to biomass burning since the onset of the Holocene in the study regions. Fire was an important ecosystem disturbance in Fennoscandia influencing long-term vegetation dynamics and composition over the last 11,000 years, although human activities probably altered the strength of fire-vegetation interactions during more recent millennia.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106408
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Geographic variation in marmots’ alarm calls causes different responses
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Thierry Lengagne, Mariona Ferrandiz-Rovira, Clara Superbie, Irene Figueroa, Coraline Bichet, Bernat Claramunt-Lopez, Aurélie Cohas
article
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2020, 74 (8), ⟨10.1007/s00265-020-02858-5⟩
resume
Geographic variation in acoustic signals has been investigated for five decades to better understand the evolution of communi- cation. When receivers are able to discriminate among signals and to react accordingly, geographic variation can have major impacts on the ability of conspecifics to communicate. Surprisingly, geographic variation in alarm calls and its consequences for the communication process have been so far neglected despite their crucial role on individual survival. Working with four wild populations of Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota), we found differences in the acoustic structure of their alarm calls. These differences cannot be explained by geographic or genetic distances but more likely by other mechanisms including random processes. Moreover, playback experiments provided evidence that receivers discriminate between alarm calls from their own versus other populations, with responses at lower intensity when the alarm calls played back originated from their own popu- lation. Research on the mechanistic causes of geographic variation and on the relationship between alarm call variation, famil- iarity, and intelligibility of signal and behavioral responses is now required to better understand how predation pressure, and more widely natural selection, could drive the evolution of communication.
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DOI : 10.1007/s00265-020-02858-5
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Field measurement of effects of individual and combined application of biochar and polyacrylamide on erosion variables in loess and marl soils
auteur
Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi, Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani, Zeinab Hazbavi, Padidehsadat Sadeghi, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, Laurent Lassabatère, Habibollah Younesi
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 728, pp.138866. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138866⟩
resume
Controlling soil erosion, especially in its initial stages, is greatly important in natural resources management. Con- sequently, the present research aimed to control splash and interrill erosion in two soil types (marl at Marzan- Abad and loess at Maraveh-Tapeh sites in northern Iran) using biochar (BC) and polyacrylamide (PAM). We established 0.5 × 0.5-m plots and applied BC (800 g·m−2), PAM (2 g·m−2), and BC + PAM (800 g·m−2- + 2 g·m−2) with control plots and three replications on a slope of ~25%. We used a rainfall simulator to achieve rainfall intensity of 50 mm·h−1 with 30-min duration in the experiments. Analysis of the results obtained from the variables of splash and interrill erosion during the rainfall-runoff process showed that the PAM significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased all study variables of splash erosion. For interrill erosion, it reduced the variables of soil loss and sediment concentration. However, the difference was not significant (p N 0.05) compared to the control plot and runoff from the two treatment sites increased relative to that from the control plots. The plot treated with BC showed decreased runoff volume, runoff coefficient, and soil loss compared to the control plot at the Marzan- Abad site, but the differences were not statistically significant (p N 0.05). However, the plot in which loess soil was treated with BC at the Maraveh-Tapeh site exhibited considerably (p ≤ 0.05) increased runoff and soil loss compared to the control plot. The entire results verified a wide range for benefit reduction of study treatments from +25.09 to −37.49% for runoff and from +38.59 to −231% for soil loss with more effectiveness for Maraveh- Tapeh Loess soil as well as combined application of BC and PAM. These findings contribute to improved under- standing of proper application of soil amendments to control runoff and soil loss in loam and loess soils.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138866
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Detecting infiltrated water and preferential flow pathways through time-lapse ground-penetrating radar surveys
auteur
Simone Di Prima, Thierry Winiarski, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, Ryan Stewart, Mirko Castellini, Majdi Abou Najm, Domenico Ventrella, Mario Pirastru, Filippo Giadrossich, Giorgio Capello, Marcella Biddoccu, Laurent Lassabatère
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 726, pp.138511. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138511⟩
resume
The objective of this paper was to identify the incidence and extent of preferential flow at two experimental areas located in Lyon, France. We used time-lapse ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys in conjunction with automatized single-ring infiltration experiments to create three-dimensional (3D) representations of infiltrated water. In total we established three 100 cm × 100 cm GPR grids and used differenced radargrams from pre- and post-infiltration surveys to detect wetting patterns. The analyzed time-lapse GPR surveys revealed the linkage between nonuniform flow and heterogeneous soil structures and plant roots. At the first experimental area, subsurface coarse gravels acted as capillary barriers that concentrated flow into narrow pathways via funneled flow. At the second experimental area, the interpolated 3D patterns closely matched direct observation of dyed patterns, thereby validating the applied protocol. They also highlighted the important role of plant roots in facilitating preferential water movement through the subsurface. The protocol presented in this study represents a valuable tool for improving the hydraulic characterization of highly heterogeneous soils, while also alleviating some of the excessive experimental efforts currently needed to detect preferential flow pathways in the field.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138511
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For a few years more: reductions in plant diversity 70 years after the last fire in Mediterranean forests
auteur
Thomas Fournier, Jordan Fevre, Frédérique Carcaillet, Christopher Carcaillet
article
Plant Ecology, 2020, 221 (7), pp.559-576. ⟨10.1007/s11258-020-01034-z⟩
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DOI : 10.1007/s11258-020-01034-z
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Reconstruction of anthropogenic activities in legacy sediments from the Eure River, a major tributary of the Seine Estuary (France)
auteur
Thomas Gardes, Maxime Debret, Yoann Copard, Edouard Patault, Thierry Winiarski, Anne-Lise Develle, Pierre Sabatier, André-Marie Dendievel, Brice Mourier, Stéphane Marcotte, Barbara Leroy, Florence Portet-Koltalo
article
CATENA, 2020, 190, pp.104513. ⟨10.1016/j.catena.2020.104513⟩
resume
Most rivers worldwide are contaminated by various trace metals from different origins, which may be stored for considerable periods of time in depositional areas. Most of these studies are focused on the main river of a watershed and the tributaries are often neglected which can be important sources of contamination. The aim of this study was to reconstruct the anthropogenic activities that occurred in the Eure River, tributary of the Seine Estuary, since the 1940s using “legacy sediments”. The results showed that the temporal trends of trace metals were not related to detrital inputs and TOC variations but with the industrial history of the Eure River watershed. The high levels of Zn, Cu, and Ni during the 1950s and the 1960s, and the decrease with the decline of the probable main source of release showed the watershed reactivity to anthropogenic activities. The high levels of Pb during the 1990s and the 2000s showed that the watershed reacted immediately to anthropogenic pressures. The Pb levels remained important after the cease of industrial activity, showing that a resilience period is necessary for the system, and that interactions between human activities and the environment go beyond of the activities themselves.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.catena.2020.104513
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Progesterone decreases apnoea and reduces oxidative stress induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in ovariectomized female rats
auteur
Vincent Joseph, Sofien Laouafa, François Marcouiller, Damien Roussel, Vincent Pialoux, Aida Bairam
article
Experimental Physiology, 2020, 105 (6), pp.1025-1034. ⟨10.1113/EP088430⟩
resume
We tested the hypothesis that progesterone (Prog) reduces the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on arterial blood pressure, respiratory chemoreflexes and oxidative stress in the central nervous system. Ovariectomized female rats were implanted with osmotic pumps delivering vehicle (Veh) or Prog (4 mg kg−1 day−1). Two weeks following the surgery, rats were exposed to room air (Air) or CIH (7 days, 10% O2, 10 cycles h−1, 8 h day−1). We studied three groups: Veh–Air, Veh–CIH and Prog–CIH. After the CIH exposures, we measured the mean arterial pressure (MAP; tail cuff) and assessed the frequency of apnoeas at rest and ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia (whole body plethysmography). The activities of the pro-oxidant enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; in mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, were measured in brain cortex and brainstem samples. CIH exposure increased the MAP, the frequency of apnoeas, and the respiratory frequency response to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Prog did not prevent the CIH- induced elevation in MAP, but it reduced the CIH-induced frequency of apnoeas and increased hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responses. In the brain cortex, CIH increased NOX activity, and decreased the cytosolic and mitochondrial SOD activities. These effects were prevented by Prog. NOX activity was increased by CIH in the brainstem, and this was also blocked by Prog. The study draws focus to the links between ovarian hormones and the consequences of sleep apnoea in women.
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DOI : 10.1113/EP088430
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Ecological implications of the replacement of native plant species in riparian systems: unexpected effects of Reynoutria japonica Houtt. leaf litter
auteur
Cybill Staentzel, Soraya Rouifed, Jean-Nicolas Beisel, Laurent Hardion, Nicolas Poulin, Isabelle Combroux
article
Biological Invasions, 2020, 22 (6), pp.1917-1930. ⟨10.1007/s10530-020-02231-7⟩
resume
In European rivers, one of the most invasive of terrestrial plant species, Reynoutria japonica Houtt. (Polygonaceae), is frequently found at the water-land interface. In this study, ecological effects of native species replacement by this invasive species was explored. In particular, we examined changes in leaf litter composition, and the subsequent impacts of their decomposition on riparian and in-stream plant community growth. We compared leaf litter from two riparian species, native Rubus fruticosus L. agg. (Rosaceae) and its spontaneous substitute along river corridors, R. japonica. Effects were assessed through phytotoxicity tests on (1) a terrestrial model plant species, the lettuce Lactuca sativa var. capitata L. (Asteraceae) and (2) a typical semi-aquatic riparian plant species growing in the same riparian zone, the watercress Nasturtium officinale R.Br. (Brassicaceae). Seedling root length measurement permitted calculation of a root length reduction index. The experiment was performed over a six-month decomposition period, with samples taken at five time intervals. Phytotoxic abilities of R. japonica were inconsistent over the decomposition period, leading to breaks in the regulatory processes of the structuring native species, R. fruticosus. Decomposition of R. japonica leaf litter led to the unexpected emergence of successive competition and facilitation interactions. This study showed distinct phytotoxic impacts from R. japonica leaf litter decomposition, causing ecological effects that differed from that of native species. In a context where R. japonica progressively replaces native riparian species, such impacts need to be considered further as R. japonica phytotoxicity does not steadily prevent other species with offset phenologies to establish, including invasive species. Graphic
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DOI : 10.1007/s10530-020-02231-7
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The case study of Case Bastione: First analyses of 3rd millennium cal BC paleoenvironmental and subsistence systems in central Sicily
auteur
Claudia Speciale, Ilham Bentaleb, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Gian Pietro Di Sansebastiano, Filippo Iannì, François Fourel, Enrico Giannitrapani
article
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2020, 31, pp.102332. ⟨10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102332⟩
resume
Archaeological investigations carried out at Case Bastione (Enna, central Sicily) provide a key insight into the cultural and environmental changes that occurred during the transition from the Copper Age to the Bronze Age. Preliminary data of an ongoing paleoenvironmental reconstruction through archaeobotanical analyses are here presented. The selective exploitation of vegetation, the adaptation of lifestyle to local resources, and changing climatic conditions are analysed using different on-site and off-site environmental and archaeological proxies. The environment around the site was constituted by mixed oak woodland. Dietary preferences were reconstructed through the analysis of carpo-remains. Isotopic values provide new data on the 4.2 ka BP event and its effects on vegetation in central Sicily. In a whole, first results from Case Bastione give new light to human choices of vegetal resources exploitation. Comparison of the local results with the regional pollen data support the hypothesis that the growth in population and settlement in the inland part of the island since the Late Copper Age may reflect changing climatic conditions in coastal areas.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102332
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Spatio-temporal assessment of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) sediment contamination in four major French river corridors (1945-2018)
auteur
André-Marie Dendievel, Brice Mourier, Alexandra Coynel, Olivier Evrard, Pierre Labadie, Sophie Ayrault, Maxime Debret, Florence Portet-Koltalo, Yoann Copard, Quentin Faivre, Thomas Gardes, Sophia Vauclin, Hélène Budzinski, Cécile Grosbois, Thierry Winiarski, Marc Desmet
article
Earth System Science Data, 2020, 12 (2), pp.1153-1170. ⟨10.5194/essd-12-1153-2020⟩
resume
Environmental pollution by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is a key cause for concern about river quality because of their low degradation rates leading to their accumulation in sediments and living organisms. An original interdisciplinary work was conducted along the four main French rivers (Seine, Rhône, Loire and Garonne rivers), which flow into major European seas. We completed a dataset based on sediment analyses provided by monitoring agencies, port authorities and research teams on different solid matrices (sediment cores, bed and flood deposits, suspended particulate matter and dredged sediments). This dataset focused on the seven indicator PCBs and their sum (PCBi) from 1945 to 2018 (n PCBi = 1416). Special effort was put into the quality control to provide robust spatio-temporal information. Taking into account hydrological and human drivers, we outlined two main pollution trends: (1) from 1945 to 1975, a quick increase in PCBi (up to 4 mg kg −1 dry weight, dw) and a sharp decrease in the 1980s on the Seine and Loire rivers and (2) increasing but moderate PCBi levels (50 to 150 µg kg −1 dw) followed by a decline after the 1990s on the Rhône and Garonne rivers. In addition to these patterns, PCB emissions from urban and industrial areas or accidental events were significant in each river. Finally, when calculating specific flux, the Rhône exhibited the uppermost PCBi load (up to 12 µg m −2 yr −1 in 1977-1987), at least 25 % higher than those of the Seine and Loire rivers, while the Garonne showed a very low flux. In western Europe, we confirmed that the Rhône, Seine and Loire rivers contribute significantly to the PCB contamination of the seas, while French specific PCBi fluxes are 2 orders of magnitude lower than those found in American or Asian rivers. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904277 (Dendievel et al., 2019).
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.5194/essd-12-1153-2020
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titre
Invasive in the North: new latitudinal record for Argentine ants in Europe
auteur
Noémie Pierre Charrier, Caroline Hervet, Claire Bonsergent, Matthieu Charrier, Laurence Malandrin, Bernard Kaufmann, Jérôme Gippet
article
Insectes Sociaux, 2020, 67 (2), pp.331-335. ⟨10.1007/s00040-020-00762-9⟩
resume
Environmental niche models predict the presence of the invasive Argentine ant in north-western Europe, especially along all the French Atlantic coast. Yet, the species has never been observed North from the 45th parallel in Europe, suggesting either that current models are wrong or that Argentine ants are already spreading north inconspicuously. Here, we report a 3-hectare wide colony of Argentine ants, detected in 2016 in Nantes, France, which is 300 km north of the former northernmost outdoor population of this species in Europe. COI sequencing revealed that the haplotype of this new colony is the same as the one found in the so-called Catalonian supercolony, which is distinct from the haplotype found over most of the species range in Europe. Our discovery confirms models’ predictions that Argentine ants can colonize north-western Europe and suggests that they might have already reached several other locations along the French Atlantic coast. Detection surveys should be conducted to assess Argentine ants’ invasion patterns in Western France, particularly in high introduction risk areas such as major cities and maritime ports.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s00040-020-00762-9
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02948821/file/837583.full.pdf BibTex
titre
An invasive amphibian drives antipredator responses in two prey at different trophic positions
auteur
Jean Secondi, Fanny Raux
article
Behavioral Ecology, 2020, 31 (3), pp.851-857. ⟨10.1093/beheco/araa036⟩
resume
Generalist invasive predators consume prey at different trophic levels and generate drastic changes in local communities. However, the long-term effects of predation may be reduced by eco-evolutionary responses of native populations. The capacity of prey species distributed across the trophic network to develop antipredator responses may determine the ecosystem potential to buffer against the invader. The African clawed frog is a major invader on several continents. Because of its large size, generalist diet, and aquatic lifestyle, we predicted the development of antipredator responses in prey species at different trophic levels. We tested for behavioral shifts between populations within and outside the invasive range in the herbivorous snail Physella acuta and the predatory heterop- teran, the backswimmer Notonecta glauca. We detected antipredator responses in both prey species. In sympatry, P. acuta stayed higher in the water column, while N. glauca spent more time swimming underwater and less time surfacing when the predator cues were present. In allopatry, P. acuta dived deeper and N. glauca spent more time surfacing and stayed longer still underwater. In both species, sympatric populations showed evidence of olfactory recognition of the frog. Our results show that the introduction of a top predator like Xenopus laevis in the pond ecosystem drives behavioral antipredator responses in species across the trophic network. Eco-evolutionary processes may allow some degree of long-term resilience of pond communities to the invasion of X. laevis.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1093/beheco/araa036
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titre
Multiple mating in the context of interspecific hybridization between two Tetramorium ant species
auteur
Marion Cordonnier, Gilles Escarguel, Adeline Dumet, Bernard Kaufmann
article
Heredity, 2020, 124 (5), pp.675-684. ⟨10.1038/s41437-020-0310-3⟩
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1038/s41437-020-0310-3
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titre
Cumulative effects of channel correction and regulation on floodplain terrestrialisation patterns and connectivity
auteur
A. Tena, H. Piégay, G. Seignemartin, A. Barra, J.F. Berger, Brice Mourier, T. Winiarski
article
Geomorphology, 2020, 354, pp.107034. ⟨10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107034⟩
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107034
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https://hal.science/hal-02485108/file/S0169555X20300040.pdf BibTex
titre
Clonality as a key but overlooked driver of biotic interactions in plants
auteur
Anne-Kristel Bittebiere, Marie-Lise Benot, Cendrine Mony
article
Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 2020, 43, pp.125510. ⟨10.1016/j.ppees.2020.125510⟩
resume
Most plants are clonal i.e. able to laterally propagate by producing new genetically identical ramets connected by specialized clonal organs. Clonality determines ramet aggregation patterns, the presence of physical connections between ramets, the sharing of resources, hormones, and signaling molecules within the clonal fragment. We thus argue that clonal traits drive not only the individual plant fitness, but also the whole plant community assembly and ecosystem functioning through their involvement in plant biotic interactions with other micro- and macro-organisms. In an extensive literature review, we investigated how clonality influences a wide range of processes in space and over time, and subsequently affects biotic interactions. These processes occur both at the plant and the population levels, including spatial patterns of below- and aboveground organs, micro-environmental heterogeneity and genetic diversity. We highlight the responses of clonal plant traits to biotic interactions, and reciprocally, the effects of clonality on plant-plant, plant-animal (with herbivores, pollinators), and plant-microorganism interactions (with pathogens, mutualists). Based on this knowledge, we suggest future prospects are promising, in particular if clonal traits are integrated in studies of multitrophic level interactions, thereby enabling a new understanding of plant community assembly rules and the ability to predict changes in biodiversity due to modifications in biotic interactions.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.ppees.2020.125510
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02440373/file/Bittebiere%20et%20al-2020-Clonality%20as%20a%20key%20but%20overlooked%20driver%20of%20biotic%20interactions%20in%20plants.pdf BibTex
titre
(2741) Proposal to conserve the name Protophyllocladoxylon (fossil Coniferophyta : Coniferales ) with a conserved type
auteur
Gea Zijlstra, Marc Philippe
article
Taxon, the journal of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy, 2020, 69 (2), pp.412-413. ⟨10.1002/tax.12227⟩
resume
(2741) Protophyllocladoxylon Kräusel in Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Abt., ser. 2, 47: 16. 1939 (post Mai), nom. cons. prop. Typus: P. dolianitii Mussa (in Bol. Div. Geol. Mineral. Brasil 182: 17. 1958), typ. cons. prop. Protophyllocladoxylon was published by Kräusel (in Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Abt., ser. 2, 47: 16. 1939) in an article of 140 pages (and 23 figures) on the fossil flora of Egypt. The genus is an important one with more than 20 species, distributed from the Carboniferous to the late Cretaceous, on all continents including Antarctica. The genus is of phylogenetic (Marguerier in Compt. Rend. Congr. Natl. Soc. Savantes, Sec. Sci. 102: 79–97. 1979) and biogeographical (Fletcher & al. in Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 208: 43–49. 2014) significance. Some of the most important Mesozoic species are mentioned towards the end of this proposal.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1002/tax.12227
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02907490/file/TAXON%20-%202020%20-%20Zijlstra%20-%202741%20Proposal%20to%20conserve%20the%20name%20Protophyllocladoxylon%20fossil%20Coniferophyta%20Coniferales%20.pdf BibTex
titre
Effect Thresholds of Metals in Stream Sediments Based on In Situ Oligochaete Communities
auteur
Régis Vivien, Carmen Casado-Martínez, Michel Lafont, Benoit J.D. Ferrari
article
Environments, 2020, 7 (4), pp.31. ⟨10.3390/environments7040031⟩
resume
Aquatic oligochaetes, comprising a large number of species showing various degrees of resistance to chemical pollution, are recognized as valuable bioindicators of sediments’ quality. In the Geneva area (Switzerland), oligochaete tools were previously tested for assessing the biological quality of stream sediments, and effect thresholds of combined metals (quotients) in sediments were defined. The aims of the present study were to update this previous work with new data acquired in different cantons of Switzerland and to establish effect thresholds on oligochaete communities for individual metals and for combined metals. The oligochaete metrics “Oligochaete index of sediment bioindication (IOBS)”, “oligochaete density” and “percentage of tubificids without hair setae” proved pertinent for assessing the effects of metals and organic matter in sediments. We established a threshold effect level (TELoligo) and probable effect level (PELoligo) for eight metals in sediments (Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As) as well as a probable effect level for these metals combined (mPELoligo-Q). These thresholds could be used directly to screen for alteration of in situ communities restricted to sediments and/or for establishing sediment quality standards based on a combination of different biological and ecotoxicological tools.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.3390/environments7040031
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-03131627/file/environments-07-00031-v3.pdf BibTex
titre
Last Interglacial sea surface warming during the sea-level highstand in the Canary Islands: Implications for the Canary Current and the upwelling off African coast
auteur
Chloé Maréchal, Antoine Boutier, Marie-Antoinette Mélières, Thibault Clauzel, Juan Francisco Betancort, Alejandro Lomoschitz, Joaquin Meco, François Fourel, Abel Barral, Romain Amiot, Christophe Lécuyer
article
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2020, 234, pp.106246. ⟨10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106246⟩
resume
The Canary Islands, east of the North Atlantic Ocean (27°N-29°N), are under the influence of the Canary Current, the descending branch of the North Atlantic Gyre, which is modulated by coastal upwelling off NorthWest Africa. They constitute strategic sites for palaeoclimatic reconstructions, especially for the Last Interglacial (LIG, 129 to 116 ky BP) estimated to be warmer than present. Seventy-four carbon and oxygen isotope bulk analyses and time series measurements were performed on 32 aragonitic mollusc shells from the LIG marine deposits on Lanzarote and Fuerteventura islands during a period of sea-level highstand that we estimated to occur between 125 and 119-116 ky BP. Our SST calculations, inferred from shell  18 O values using available isotopic fractionation equations, provide a seasonal SST amplitude ranging from 3.5°C to 6.0°C, in agreement with the modern seasonal amplitude, along with a mean SST comprised between 20.41.3°C and 22.21.2°C. With respect to the pre-industrial times, we deduce a positive SST anomaly in the range of +1.01.4°C to +2.81.3°C, consistent with the presence of the species Persististrombus latus, typical of warm SSTs. Although this finding does not match with the zonal negative anomaly of a reconstructed SST at low latitudes of the North Atlantic, it is nevertheless corroborated by other climate reconstructions in the northeastern tropical Atlantic region. We attribute this trend to an excess of summer insolation during the LIG which warmed the Canary Current, enhanced by a weakening of the North African upwelling. The entire North Atlantic Gyre was probably warmer during the LIG.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106246
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https://hal.science/hal-03013888/file/Marechal%20et%20al.%20%28accepted%29--.pdf BibTex
titre
Root endophytic fungi impact host plant biomass and respond to plant composition at varying spatio-temporal scales
auteur
Nathan Vannier, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere, Cendrine Mony, Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse
article
Fungal Ecology, 2020, 44, pp.100907. ⟨10.1016/j.funeco.2019.100907⟩
resume
Plant roots are inhabited by a diversity of microorganisms known to be key drivers of plant growth and health. Although the rules governing root microbiota assembly have been investigated and the importance of abiotic determinants highlighted, the consequences of the biotic context of the plant community have often been overlooked. We tested the hypothesis that the abundance of species in a given plant neighborhood could leave a fingerprint on its root-endophytic fungal community, ultimately impacting its biomass. Outdoor experimental mesocosms, comprising a range of floristic compositions and spatially mapped plant distributions, were monitored for 2y. Medicago truncatula was used as trap-plant and grown under standardized conditions on soil samples collected in the mesocosms. The root-endophytic fungal community of M. truncatula was described by amplicon mass sequencing and M. truncatula performance was also assessed. The richness and evenness of M. truncatula's root-endophytic fungal community were explained by the small-scale plant neighborhood of the soil samples. For instance, the occurrence of Brachypodium pinnatum in the neighborhood induced higher and lower richness of Sordariomycetes and Glomeromycetes, respectively, whereas Holcus mollis decreased the OTU evenness of the entire mycobiota. These changes in fungal Glade OTU richness and evenness were related to modifications in the biomass of M. truncatula. These results indicate that a given plant endophytic fungal community is determined in part by the neighboring plants. Considering that changes in endophytic fungal community are correlated with the plant biomass, this suggests that plant-plant interactions (i.e. competition, facilitation) impacting plant biomass can be mediated by endophytic fungal community changes.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.100907
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titre
Accumulation of natriuretic peptides is associated with protein energy wasting and activation of browning in white adipose tissue in chronic kidney disease
auteur
Mathilde Luce, Christophe Barba, Dan Yi, Anne Mey, Damien Roussel, Emilie Bres, Bérengère Benoit, Myriam Pastural, Samuel Granjon, Jean Christophe Szelag, Maurice Laville, Walid Arkouche, Anais Bouchara, Elsa Nyam, Denis Fouque, Christophe Soulage, Laetitia Koppe
article
Kidney International, 2020, 98 (3), pp.663-672. ⟨10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.027⟩
resume
Protein energy wasting is a common feature of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with poor outcomes. Protein energy wasting and cachexia, a severe form of protein energy wasting, are characterized by increased resting energy expenditure but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Browning corresponds to the activation of inducible brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue and occurs in states of cachexia associated with hypermetabolic disease such as cancer. Here we tested the hypothesis that CKD-associated protein energy wasting could result from browning activation as a direct effect of the uremic environment on adipocytes. In a murine model of CKD (5/6 nephrectomy), there was increased resting energy expenditure, expression of uncoupling protein 1 (a thermogenic protein uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria) and citrate synthase activity (a proxy of mitochondria) density in white adipose tissue). Mice with CKD also exhibited increased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, a well known activator of browning. The incubation of primary adipose cells with plasma from patients receiving dialysis treatment and having signs of protein energy wasting led to an increased synthesis of uncoupling protein 1. Similarly, primary adipose cells exposed to atrial natriuretic peptide at concentrations relevant of CKD led to a significant increase of uncoupling protein 1 content. Thus, accumulation of cardiac natriuretic peptides during CKD could contribute the browning of white adipose tissue and protein energy wasting.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.027
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titre
The crustacean Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804) (Isopoda: Oniscoidea), a new promising model for the study of cellular senescence
auteur
Charlotte Depeux, Ascel Samba-Louaka, Thomas Becking, Christine Braquart-Varnier, Jérôme Moreau, Jean-François Lemaître Lemaître, Tiffany Laverre, Hélène Paulhac, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Sophie Beltran-Bech
article
Journal of Crustacean Biology, 2020, 40 (2), pp.194-199. ⟨10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa004⟩
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa004
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titre
Improved mitochondrial coupling as a response to high mass-specific metabolic rate in extremely small mammals
auteur
Mélanie Boël, Caroline Romestaing, Claude H. B. Duchamp, Frederic Veyrunes, Sabrina Renaud, Damien Roussel, Yann Voituron
article
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2020, 223 (5), pp.jeb215558. ⟨10.1242/jeb.215558⟩
resume
Mass-specific metabolic rate negatively co-varies with body mass from the whole-animal to the mitochondrial levels. Mitochondria are the mainly consumers of oxygen inspired by mammals to generate ATP or compensate for energetic losses dissipated as the form of heat ( proton leak) during oxidative phosphorylation. Consequently, ATP synthesis and proton leak compete for the same electrochemical gradient. Because proton leak co-varies negatively with body mass, it is unknown whether extremely small mammals further decouple their mitochondria to maintain their body temperature or whether they implement metabolic innovations to ensure cellular homeostasis. The present study investigated the impact of body mass variation on cellular and mitochondrial functioning in small mammals, comparing two extremely small African pygmy mice (Mus mattheyi, similar to 5 g, and Mus minutoides, similar to 7 g) with the larger house mouse (Mus musculus, similar to 22 g). Oxygen consumption rates were measured from the animal to the mitochondrial levels. We also measured mitochondrial ATP synthesis in order to appreciate the mitochondrial efficiency (ATP/O). At the whole-animal scale, mass- and surface-specific metabolic rates co-varied negatively with body mass, whereas this was not necessarily the case at the cellular and mitochondrial levels. Mus mattheyi had generally the lowest cellular and mitochondrial fluxes, depending on the tissue considered (liver or skeletal muscle), as well as having more-efficient muscle mitochondria than the other two species. Mus mattheyi presents metabolic innovations to ensure its homeostasis, by generating more ATP per oxygen consumed.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1242/jeb.215558
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titre
Assessing Water Infiltration and Soil Water Repellency in Brazilian Atlantic Forest Soils
auteur
Sergio Esteban Lozano-Baez, Miguel Cooper, Silvio Frosini de Barros Ferraz, Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Laurent Lassabatère, Mirko Castellini, Simone Di Prima
article
Applied Sciences, 2020, 10 (6, 1950), pp.1-14. ⟨10.3390/app10061950⟩
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DOI
DOI : 10.3390/app10061950
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02515888/file/Lozano-Baez_2020.pdf BibTex
titre
Comparative genomic analysis identifies small open reading frames (sORFs) with peptide-encoding features in avian 16S rDNA
auteur
Mathieu Mortz, Cyril Degletagne, Caroline Romestaing, Claude Duchamp
article
Genomics, 2020, 112 (2), pp.1120-1127. ⟨10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.06.026⟩
resume
The mitochondrial genome (mt-DNA) functional repertoire has recently been enriched in mammals by the identification of functional small open reading frames (sORFs) embedded in ribosomal DNAs. Through com- parative genomic analyses the presence of putatively functional sORFs was investigated in birds. Alignment of available avian mt-DNA sequences revealed highly conserved regions containing four putative sORFs that pre- sented low insertion/deletion polymorphism rate (< 0.1%) and preserved in frame start/stop codons in > 80% of species. Detected sORFs included avian homologs of human Humanin and Short-Humanin-Like-Peptide 6 and two new sORFs not yet described in mammals. The amino-acid sequences of the four putative encoded peptides were strongly conserved among birds, with amino-acid p-distances (5.6 to 25.4%) similar to those calculated for typical avian mt-DNA-encoded proteins (14.8%). Conservation resulted from either drastic conservation of the nucleotide sequence or negative selection pressure. These data extend to birds the possibility that mitochondrial rDNA may encode small bioactive peptides.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.06.026
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02345550/file/1-s2.0-S0888754319300667-am.pdf BibTex
titre
Xenoxylon, a boreal fossil wood in the Mesozoic redbeds of Southeast Asia: Potential for the stratigraphy of the Khorat group and the palinspatic reconstruction of Southeast Asia
auteur
Nareerat Boonchai, Suravech Suteethorn, Weerawat Sereeprasirt, Chanon Suriyonghanphong, Romain Amiot, Gilles Cuny, Julien Legrand, Frédéric Thévenard, Marc Philippe
article
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2020, 189, pp.104153. ⟨10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.104153⟩
resume
The fossil wood genus Xenoxylon is reported in-situ for the first time in the Indosinian terrane, from the Mesozoic continental redbeds of the Phu Kradung Formation (Khorat Group). Palinspatic recontruction, palaeobiogeography and correlation with other occurences of the genus, in southern China as well as in Vietnam, suggest a middle Jurassic age for the Phu Kradung Formation level yielding the fossil wood. As the dating of this formation is still controversial, our data is an important step towards a better understanding of southeast Asia Mesozoic continental redbeds geological history, palaeoecology and significance for the evolution of the vertebrates.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.104153
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https://hal.science/hal-02991830/file/Boonchai%20et%20al.%20%28submitted%29.pdf BibTex
titre
Ecotoxicological risk assessment of micropollutants from treated urban wastewater effluents for watercourses at a territorial scale: Application and comparison of two approaches
auteur
Antoine Gosset, Philippe Polomé, Yves Perrodin
article
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2020, 224, pp.113437. ⟨10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113437⟩
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113437
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02429256/file/S1438463919309332.pdf BibTex
titre
An open-source instrumentation package for intensive soil hydraulic characterization
auteur
Paola Concialdi, Simone Di Prima, Harsh Bhanderi, Ryan Stewart, Majdi Abou Najm, Murari Lal Gaur, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, Laurent Lassabatère
article
Journal of Hydrology, 2020, 582, pp.124492. ⟨10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124492⟩
resume
We present a new open-source and modular instrumentation package composed of up to ten automatic in- filtrometers connected to data acquisition systems for automatic recording of multiple infiltration experiments. The infiltrometers are equipped with differential transducers to monitor water level changes in a Mariotte re- servoir, and, in turn, to quantify water infiltration rates. The data acquisition systems consist of low-cost components and operate on the open-source microcontroller platform Arduino. The devices were tested both in the laboratory and on different urban and agricultural soils in France and India. More specifically, we tested three procedures to treat the transducers readings, including a filtering algorithm that substantially improved the ability to determine cumulative infiltration from raw data. We combined these three procedures with four methods for estimating the soil parameters from infiltrometer data, showing pros and cons of each scenario. We also demonstrated advantages in using the automatic infiltrometers when infiltration measurements were hin- dered by: i) linearity in cumulative infiltration curves owing to gravity-driven flow, ii) an imprecise description of the transient state of infiltration, and iii) the occurrence of soil water repellency. The use of the automatic infiltrometers allows the user to obtain more accurate estimates of soil hydraulic parameters, while also reducing the amount of effort needed to run multiple experiments.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124492
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02438812/file/article1.pdf BibTex
titre
Past spatial structure of plant communities determines arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community assembly
auteur
Anne-Kristel Bittebiere, Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse, Elodie Maluenda, Agnès Gareil, Alexandra Dheilly, Sophie Coudouel, Mathieu Bahin, Cendrine Mony
article
Journal of Ecology, 2020, 108 (2), pp.546-560. ⟨10.1111/1365-2745.13279⟩
resume
Due to the importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in ecosystem pro-ductivity, a key ecological question is how do their communities assemble? As plant spatial patterns constitute a mosaic of AM fungi habitats, we hypothesized that AM fungal community assembly is determined by plant community structure, both in space and time.We tested our hypothesis by sampling individuals of two host-plant species, Brachypodium pinnatum and Elytrigia repens, from experimental communities cultivated in mesocosms, and assessed their AM fungal root colonizers by mass sequencing. We related AM fungal community structure to the distribution of neighbouring plant species at different spatio-temporal scales.We demonstrated that AM fungal community assembly depends mostly on past plant spatial patterns at a small spatial scale (5 cm), indicating that plants growing at given locations leave a footprint on the AM fungi community. This spatial scale of response was also influenced by the host-plant species, probably by its clonal propagation.Synthesis. Overall, we highlighted that processes involved in Arbuscular mycor-rhizal (AM) fungal community assembly do not operate at the rough scale of the overall plant community mosaic but are instead locally determined, delineating the AM fungal ‘eye-view’ of the host-plant community.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1111/1365-2745.13279
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02328020/file/Bittebiere_et_al-2019-Past%20spatial%20structure%20of%20plant%20communities.pdf BibTex
titre
Assessing the effect of landscape features on pond colonisation by an elusive amphibian invader using environmental DNA
auteur
Giovanni Vimercati, Myriam Labadesse, Tony Dejean, Jean Secondi
article
Freshwater Biology, 2020, 65 (3), pp.502-513. ⟨10.1111/fwb.13446⟩
resume
Environmental DNA (eDNA) is becoming an essential tool for detecting aquatic invasive species and investigating their spread. Surprisingly, this technique has been very rarely used to investigate habitat selection, site occupancy, and colonisation despite its higher capacity to detect many species. The African clawed frog ( Xenopus laevis ) is a principally aquatic amphibian introduced in several continents from South Africa. In western France, no recent systematic survey of the invasion range has been attempted, mainly because of the elusive nature of the species. Furthermore, the influence of landscape features on invasion has never been investigated, even if adults and juveniles are known to disperse overland and along river networks. Using presence–absence data generated by an eDNA survey conducted across the known invasion front of X. laevis in western France, we aimed to determine whether and how the landscape features surrounding a pond influence the probability that a pond is colonised. Xenopus laevis was detected well beyond the formerly known invasive distribution and at the outward end of some transects, suggesting that we did not reach the actual invasion front in these parts of the range. The landscape variables that best predicted the presence of X. laevis in a pond were topographic wetness index and grass cover within a buffer of 250 m. Higher values of both topographic wetness index and grass cover were negatively related to the occurrence probability. The effects of these two variables more likely to reflect dispersal behaviour than habitat preferences at the pond scale. By combining the high detection probability of eDNA survey techniques and a landscape ecology approach, we may gain valuable insight into the colonisation process of water bodies by elusive invasive species. Such information is crucial to prevent access to specific sites and locate invasion front areas where connectivity can be disrupted, thus increasing the effectiveness of management countermeasures.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/fwb.13446
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https://hal.science/hal-04872975/file/Vimercati%202019%20Landscape%20features%20and%20pond%20colonization%20by%20an%20amphibian%20invader%20using%20eDNA%20%28Author%20version%29.pdf BibTex
titre
Determinants and Consequences of Dispersal in Vertebrates with Complex Life Cycles: A Review of Pond-Breeding Amphibians
auteur
Hugo Cayuela, Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez, Loïc Teulier, Inigo Martinez-Solano, Jean-Paul Léna, Juha Merilä, Erin Muths, Richard Shine, Ludivine Quay, Mathieu Denoël, Jean Clobert, Benedikt Schmidt
article
Quarterly Review of Biology, 2020, 95 (1), pp.1-36. ⟨10.1086/707862⟩
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DOI
DOI : 10.1086/707862
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02492117/file/cayuela_etal2020amphibian_dispersal.pdf BibTex
titre
Reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures in the Canary Islands during Marine Isotope Stage 11
auteur
Thibault Clauzel, Chloé Maréchal, François Fourel, Abel Barral, Romain Amiot, Juan-Francisco Betancort, Alejandro Lomoschitz, Joaquín Meco, Christophe Lécuyer
article
Quaternary Research, 2020, 94, pp.195-209. ⟨10.1017/qua.2019.65⟩
resume
The study of paleoclimates enables us to improve and better constrain climate models in order to forecast future climate variations. Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS11), which began around 425,000 yr BP and lasted about 65,000 yr, is a warm isotope stage of paramount importance, because the astronomical configuration was similar to the one characterizing the Holocene. Therefore, this warm isotope stage is the most appropriate analog to present-day climate known to date. This study aims to provide new data on sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) inferred from the carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of skeletal carbonates of marine invertebrates preserved in two marine deposits of the Canary Islands located at Piedra Alta, Lanzarote, and Arucas, Gran Canaria. According to published isotopic fractionation equations the marine deposit from Aru-cas recorded SSTs of 15.9 ± 2.2°C on average, while the tsunamite from Piedra Alta recorded SSTs of 21.2 ± 1.9°C on average. Absolute dating, mollusc assemblages, and calculated marine temperatures suggest that the Arucas marine deposit corresponds to the beginning of MIS11, while the Piedra Alta tsunamite was formed during MIS11c. These results show that low latitudes also experienced sizable SST changes during interglacial stages.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1017/qua.2019.65
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titre
From natural to cultural mires during the last 15 ka years: An integrated approach comparing 14C ages on basal peat layers with geomorphological, palaeoecological and archaeological data (Eastern Massif Central, France)
auteur
André-Marie Dendievel, Isabelle Jouffroy-Bapicot, Jacqueline Argant, Antoine Scholtès, Arnaud Tourman, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Hervé Cubizolle
article
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2020, 233, pp.106219. ⟨10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106219⟩
resume
This paper studies mire initiation modalities from the Late-Glacial to the Holocene by comparing radiocarbon ages on basal peat layers (112 sites from the Eastern French Massif Central e EFMC) with long-term land cover changes. We developed a semi-quantitative method based on the degree of openness and on Anthropogenic Impact Factors (AIF scores) from palaeoecological data (mire and lake records). Archaeological information was also considered to evaluate human impact. We compared regional mire development trends with datasets from Northern Europe, Siberia, Alaska and Canada, and with global CH 4 emission. Heterogenous cases of mire initiation were highlighted during the last 15 ka years in the EMFC. From 15 to 11.7 ka cal. BP, some mires and histic horizons occurred, although further research is needed to better understand these peat accumulation phases. Related to the Early Holocene warming, a mire generation established by terrestrialization, in the southern EFMC where geo-morphology favoured fens. Bogs also formed by paludification in the whole area between 10 and 7 ka cal. BP. Then, various cases of mire initiation were found from 4.4 to 2.4 ka cal. BP. The high number of mires established since 2.4 ka cal. BP could be related to major anthropogenic changes, indirectly favouring fens (in former ponds for instance) or small bogs (at the back of roads, walls or in abandoned drainage systems). This last generation was typical of Western European mountains and implied that moderate human impact may also produce socio-ecosystems with high ecological value.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106219
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https://amu.hal.science/hal-02531966/file/Dendievel%20et%20al%202020%20Geomorphology%20Palaeoecology%20Archaeology.pdf BibTex
titre
Prevalence and Implications of Contamination in Public Genomic Resources: A Case Study of 43 Reference Arthropod Assemblies
auteur
Clémentine François, Faustine Durand, Emeric Figuet, Nicolas Galtier
article
G3, 2020, 10 (2), pp.721-730. ⟨10.1534/g3.119.400758⟩
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1534/g3.119.400758
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02492008/file/FDFG2020.pdf BibTex
titre
Combined oxygen and sulphur isotope analysis—a new tool to unravel vertebrate (paleo)-ecology
auteur
Jean Goedert, Romain Amiot, Didier Berthet, François Fourel, Laurent Simon, Christophe Lécuyer
article
The Science of Nature Naturwissenschaften, 2020, 107 (2), pp.10. ⟨10.1007/s00114-019-1664-3⟩
resume
Reconstructing the living environment of extinct vertebrates is often challenging due to the lack of proxies. We propose a new proxy to the living environment based on the combined oxygen and sulphur stable isotope analysis of vertebrate hydroxyapatite. We tested this isotopic proxy to 64 biogenic apatite (bones) samples that represent a wide spectrum of the extant vertebrate phylogenetic diversity including crocodiles, snakes, turtles, mammals, birds, lizards, fish and amphibians. We show that the combination of these two isotopic systems allows the living environment of all these vertebrates to be unambiguously distinguished between freshwater (aquatic vs semi-aquatic), seawater (aquatic vs semi-aquatic) and terrestrial. The main goal of this study is to provide a present-day isotopic reference frame and to discuss methodological issues that will serve to interpret future oxygen and sulphur isotope results obtained either from fossil or modern skeletal material. This new isotopic approach of combined oxygen and sulphur isotope analysis will be particularly useful to document major aquatic-terrestrial transitions in the fossil record but also to better constrain the living environment of some present-day species.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s00114-019-1664-3
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https://hal.science/hal-02991817/file/Goedert%20et%20al.%20%282020%29%20Sci%20Nat.pdf BibTex
titre
Sedimentary phosphorus accumulation and distribution in the continuum of three cascade dams (Creuse River, France)
auteur
Anne Rapin, Marion Rabiet, Brice Mourier, Malgorzata Grybos, Véronique Deluchat
article
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020, 27 (6), pp.6526-6539. ⟨10.1007/s11356-019-07184-6⟩
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DOI : 10.1007/s11356-019-07184-6
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titre
Isotopic evidence of individual specialization toward free-ranging chickens in a rural population of red foxes
auteur
Mickaël Jacquier, Laurent Simon, Sandrine Ruette, Jean-Michel Vandel, Arzhela Hemery, Sébastien Devillard
article
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2020, 66 (1), ⟨10.1007/s10344-019-1352-9⟩
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DOI : 10.1007/s10344-019-1352-9
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titre
Heterogeneity of water physico-chemical characteristics in artificially pumped waterholes: do African herbivores drink at the same locations and does it lead to interference competition?
auteur
Nicolas Ferry, Marion Cordonnier, Florence Hulot, Farisayi Dakwa, Lovelater Sebele, Stéphane Dray, Hervé Fritz, Marion Valeix
article
Journal of Arid Environments, 2020, 173, pp.104014. ⟨10.1016/j.jaridenv.2019.104014⟩
resume
In many semi-arid savanna ecosystems, surface water is scarce and only found in artificially pumped waterholes at the end of the dry season, leading to high large mammal densities and competition. Further, the modification of the physico-chemical characteristics of the drinking water over the dry season (e.g. through faeces accumulation) could enhance competition. Indeed, elephants, considered as key-competitors, and other herbivores by aggregating near the trough where clear water arrives could compete for this resource. We studied the drinking locations of eight herbivore species around pumped waterholes in relation to these water characteristics in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. We identified differences of the physico-chemical characteristics of the water in different sections of pumped waterholes at the end of the dry season. Elephants drank the water in or close to the trough, whereas other species drank further in the waterhole, except roan and sable antelopes which were indifferent about where they drank. Interference competition with elephants for the access to water close to the trough was not detected for zebras and kudus. We discuss possible directions for future research to enhance our understanding of waterhole use by herbivores.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2019.104014
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https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-04249760/file/Ferry%20et%20al%202019%20J%20Arid%20Environ.pdf BibTex
titre
δ18O and δ13C of diagenetic land snail shells from the Pliocene (Zanclean) of Lanzarote, Canary Archipelago: Do they still record some climatic parameters?
auteur
Christophe Lécuyer, Antonio Sanchez Marco, Alejandro Lomoschitz, Juan-Francisco Betancort, François Fourel, Romain Amiot, Thibault Clauzel, Jean-Pierre Flandrois, Joaquín Meco
article
Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2020, 162, pp.103702. ⟨10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103702⟩
resume
Fossiliferous bioclastic calcarenites of fluvial-aeolian origin were deposited between 4.3 ± 0.7 Ma and 3.78 ± 0.71 Ma in Lanzarote, Canary Archipelago. Climate was characterized by warm and steppic conditions. The fossil assemblage contains land snail shells that recrystallized into calcite as revealed by Raman spectroscopy. Carbon and oxygen isotope measurements were performed to understand whether or not these isotopic compositions may still reflect some climatic conditions contemporaneous with shell fossilisation and burial. Interpretations have been performed assuming two working hypotheses 1) isotopic compositions still record climatic conditions at the time of snails were living despite diagenesis and 2) isotopic compositions reflect both δ18O and δ13C of soil water as well as soil temperature. Positive correlations are observed between δ18O and δ13C of fossil land snail shells, which are not observed within populations of modern aragonitic land snail shells. This pattern could reflect shell CaCO3 recrystallisation from a CO2-rich aqueous solution that suffered varying rates of evaporation. For the present investigated case, we propose that stable isotope compositions of these diagenetic land snail shells mimic those expected for unaltered snail shells that would still record original climatic conditions. Indeed, δ13C values could result from soil plant decay, which were not significantly different from the δ13C of snail diet mainly based on fresh leaves, even though a bias may result from diet preferences while soil organic matter averages the composition of the vegetation. Oxygen isotope ratios of shells result from a combination of evaporated soil water inherited from meteoric waters and soil temperatures that are closely related to mean air temperatures.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103702
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https://hal.science/hal-02991811/file/AES_103702%20UNCORRECTED%20PROOFS.pdf BibTex
titre
Calibration and field application of an innovative passive sampler for monitoring groundwater quality
auteur
Lucie Pinasseau, Laure Wiest, Laurence Volatier, Gary Fones, Graham Mills, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Emmanuelle Vulliet
article
Talanta, 2020, 208, pp.120307. ⟨10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120307⟩
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120307
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https://hal.science/hal-02333807/file/2020_Talanta_Pinasseau_Calibration-field-application.pdf BibTex
titre
Effect of floristic composition and configuration on plant root mycobiota: a landscape transposition at a small scale
auteur
Cendrine Mony, Philomène Brunellière, Nathan Vannier, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere, Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse
article
New Phytologist, 2020, 225 (4), pp.1777-1787. ⟨10.1111/nph.16262⟩
resume
Fungal communities in the root endosphere are heterogeneous at fine scale. The passenger hypothesis assumes that this heterogeneity is driven by host plant distribution. Plant composition and host plant configuration should then influence root fungal assemblages. We used a large-scale experimental design of 25 mixtures of grassland plants. We sampled Brachypodium pinnatum in each mesocosm, and used amplicon mass-sequencing to analyze the endospheric mycobiota. We used plant distribution maps to assess plant species richness and evenness (heterogeneity of composition), and patch size and the degree of isolation of B. pinnatum (heterogeneity of configuration) on fungal community assembly. The Glomeromycotina community in B. pinnatum roots was not related to either floristic heterogeneity or productivity. For Ascomycota, the composition of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was driven by plant evenness while OTU richness decreased with plant richness. For Basidiomycota, richness increased with host plant aggregation and connectivity. Plant productivity influenced Ascomycota, inducing a shift in OTU composition and decreasing evenness. Plant heterogeneity modified root mycobiota, with potential direct (i.e. host preference) and indirect (i.e. adaptations to abiotic conditions driven by plant occurrence over time) effects. Plant communities can be envisioned as microlandscapes consisting of a variety of fungal niches.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/nph.16262
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02345537/file/Mony%20et%20al-Effect%20of%20floristic%20composition%20and%20configuration%20on%20plant%20root%20mycobiota.pdf BibTex
titre
A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space
auteur
Alienor Jeliazkov, Darko Mijatovic, Stéphane Chantepie, Nigel Andrew, Raphaël Arlettaz, Luc Barbaro, Nadia Barsoum, Alena Bartonova, Elena Belskaya, Nuria Bonada, Anik Brind’amour, Rodrigo Carvalho, Helena Castro, Damian Chmura, Philippe Choler, Karen Chong-Seng, Daniel Cleary, Anouk Cormont, William Cornwell, Ramiro de Campos, Nicole de Voogd, Sylvain Dolédec, Joshua Drew, Frank Dziock, Anthony Eallonardo, Melanie J. Edgar, Fábio Farneda, Domingo Flores Hernandez, Cédric Frenette-Dussault, Guillaume Fried, Belinda Gallardo, Heloise Gibb, Thiago Gonçalves-Souza, Janet Higuti, Jean-Yves Humbert, Boris R. Krasnov, Eric Le Saux, Zoë Lindo, Adria Lopez-Baucells, Elizabeth Lowe, Bryndis Marteinsdottir, Koen Martens, Peter Meffert, Andres Mellado-Díaz, Myles H. M. Menz, Christoph F. J. Meyer, Julia Ramos Miranda, David Mouillot, Alessandro Ossola, Robin Pakeman, Sandrine Pavoine, Burak Pekin, Joan Pino, Arnaud Pocheville, Francesco Pomati, Peter Poschlod, Honor C. Prentice, Oliver Purschke, Valérie Raevel, Triin Reitalu, Willem Renema, Ignacio Ribera, Natalie Robinson, Bjorn Robroek, Ricardo Rocha, Sen-Her Shieh, Rebecca Spake, Monika Staniaszek-Kik, Michal Stanko, Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro, Cajo ter Braak, Mark C. Urban, Roel van Klink, Sebastien Villeger, Ruut Wegman, Martin J. Westgate, Jonas Wolff, Jan Żarnowiec, Maxim Zolotarev, Jonathan M. Chase
article
Scientific Data , 2020, 7 (1), pp.6. ⟨10.1038/s41597-019-0344-7⟩
resume
The use of functional information in the form of species traits plays an important role in explaining biodiversity patterns and responses to environmental changes. Although relationships between species composition, their traits, and the environment have been extensively studied on a case-by-case basis, results are variable, and it remains unclear how generalizable these relationships are across ecosystems, taxa and spatial scales. To address this gap, we collated 80 datasets from trait-based studies into a global database for metaCommunity Ecology: Species, Traits, Environment and Space; “CESTES”. Each dataset includes four matrices: species community abundances or presences/absences across multiple sites, species trait information, environmental variables and spatial coordinates of the sampling sites. The CESTES database is a live database: it will be maintained and expanded in the future as new datasets become available. By its harmonized structure, and the diversity of ecosystem types, taxonomic groups, and spatial scales it covers, the CESTES database provides an important opportunity for synthetic trait-based research in community ecology.CORRECTIONS AVAILABLE AT : http://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0420-z
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DOI : 10.1038/s41597-019-0344-7
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titre
Urbanization without isolation: the absence of genetic structure among cities and forests in the tiny acorn ant Temnothorax nylanderi.
auteur
Aurélie Khimoun, Claudie Doums, M. Molet, Bernard Kaufmann, R. Péronnet, P.A. Eyer, S. Mona
article
Biology Letters, 2020, 16 (1), pp.20190741. ⟨10.1098/rsbl.2019.0741⟩
resume
Urban alteration of neutral and adaptive evolutionary processes is still underexplored. Using a genome-wide SNP dataset, we investigated (i) urban-induced modifications of population demography, genetic diversity and population structure and (ii) signature of divergent selection between urban and forest populations in the ant species, Temnothorax nylanderi. Our results did not reveal an impact of urbanization on neutral processes since we observed: (i) analogous genetic diversity among paired urban/forest sites and two control populations; (ii) weak population genetic structure explained neither by habitat (urban versus forest) nor by geography; (iii) a remarkably similar demographic history across populations with an ancestral growth followed by a recent decline, regardless of their current habitat or geographical location. The micro-geographical home range of ants may explain their resilience to urbanization. Finally, we detected 19 candidate loci discriminating urban/forest populations and associated with core cellular components, molecular function or biological process. Two of these loci were associated with a gene ontology term that was previously found to belong to a module of co-expressed genes related to caste phenotype. These results call for transcriptomics analyses to identify genes associated with ant social traits and to infer their potential role in urban adaptation.
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DOI : 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0741
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Tracking sources and transfer of contamination according to pollutants variety at the sediment-biota interface using a clam as bioindicator in peri-alpine lakes
auteur
Nathalie Lécrivain, Antoine Duparc, Bernard Clément, Emmanuel Naffrechoux, Victor Frossard
article
Chemosphere, 2020, 238, pp.124569. ⟨10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124569⟩
resume
Point pollution sources may differently impact lakes littoral, possibly leading to local ecological risks. The concomitant chemical analysis of littoral-benthic organisms and sediment can provide insights into the bioavailability and thus the ecological risk of contaminants. In this study, the autochthonous Corbicula fluminea was used to assess the sources and transfer of six trace metals (TMs) and fourteen Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the littoral-benthic biota of a large lake. The contaminant concentrations spatially varied with a value scale from 1 to 280 000 times along the lake littoral in both the sediment and clams. Multiple linear regressions were performed to explain the spatial variability of Corbicula fluminea contamination by considering both watershed and in-lake sources. The concentration of the sum of PAHs in clams was significantly correlated with sediment contamination, suggesting that PAHs contamination of the benthic biota mainly occur from the sediment. Most of the internal TM concentrations of clams were significantly correlated with stormwater drainage areas in the lake watershed, highlighting the importance of stormwater runoffs in the littoral biota contamination. The transfer of TMs and PAHs was assessed through the bioconcentration factor defined as the ratio of internal and sediment concentrations. As, Cd, Cu, Zn and light molecular weight PAHs were more bio-concentrated in C. fluminea than Pb, Sn and heavy molecular weight PAHs, suggesting differences in their bioavailability. This study underlines the relevance of using autochthonous organisms as bioindicators of lake littoral biota contamination concomitantly with sediment matrices, and illustrates the challenge of tracking pollution sources in lakes.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124569
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Soil Science Challenges in a New Era: A Transdisciplinary Overview of Relevant Topics
auteur
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, Manuel López-Vicente, Vinod Kumar, Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo, Orsolya Valkó, Claudia Rojas, Hamid Reza Pourghasemi, Luca Salvati, Noura Bakr, Emmanuelle Vaudour, Eric Brevik, Maja Radziemska, Manuel Pulido, Simone Di Prima, Marta Dondini, Wim de Vries, Erika Santos, Maria de Lourdes Mendonça-Santos, Yang Yu, Panos Panagos
article
Air, Soil and Water Research, 2020, 13, pp.117862212097749. ⟨10.1177/1178622120977491⟩
resume
Transdisciplinary approaches that provide holistic views are essential to properly understand soil processes and the importance of soil to society and will be crucial in the future to integrate distinct disciplines into soil studies. A myriad of challenges faces soil science at the beginning of the 2020s. The main aim of this overview is to assess past achievements and current challenges regarding soil threats such as erosion and soil contamination related to different United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) including (1) sustainable food production, (2) ensure healthy lives and reduce environmental risks (SDG3), (3) ensure water availability (SDG6), and (4) enhanced soil carbon sequestration because of climate change (SDG13). Twenty experts from different disciplines related to soil sciences offer perspectives on important research directions. Special attention must be paid to some concerns such as (1) effective soil conservation strategies; (2) new computational technologies, models, and in situ measurements that will bring new insights to in-soil process at spatiotemporal scales, their relationships, dynamics, and thresholds; (3) impacts of human activities, wildfires, and climate change on soil microorganisms and thereby on biogeochemical cycles and water relationships; (4) microplastics as a new potential pollutant; (5) the development of green technologies for soil rehabilitation; and (6) the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by simultaneous soil carbon sequestration and reduction in nitrous oxide emission. Manuscripts on topics such as these are particularly welcomed in Air, Soil and Water Research.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1177/1178622120977491
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03188640/file/Rodrigo_comino_AIr_soil_water_res_dec20.pdf BibTex
titre
Using museum pelt collections to generate pollen prints from high-risk regions: A new palynological forensic strategy for geolocation
auteur
Sophie Warny, Shannon Ferguson, Mark Hafner, Gilles Escarguel
article
Forensic Science International, 2020, 306, pp.110061. ⟨10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110061⟩
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DOI : 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110061
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Oxygen isotopes and ecological inferences of Permian (Guadalupian) tetrapods from the main Karoo Basin of South Africa
auteur
Kévin Rey, Michael Day, Romain Amiot, François Fourel, Julie Luyt, Marc van den Brandt, Christophe Lécuyer, Bruce Rubidge
article
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2020, 538, pp.109485. ⟨10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109485⟩
resume
The Abrahamskraal Formation of South Africa has a diverse middle Permian (Guadalupian) fossil tetrapod fauna comprising largely basal therapsids and pareiasaurian parareptiles. Knowledge on the paleoecology of these animals is limited because inferences of many ecological traits in mid-Permian tetrapods are based on deductions from morphology. While it is widely accepted that the rhinesuchid amphibians were aquatic, the ecological lifestyle of pareiasaurs and dinocephalian therapsids remains uncertain. To investigate the ecological roles of different middle Permian tetrapod taxa we studied stable oxygen isotope compositions of phosphate from teeth and bones as a proxy for water dependence. Our results reveal similar delta O-18(p) values for pareiasaurs, the dinocephalian Anteosaurus, and therocephalians, with a range of values similar to those of extant terrestrial species. The consistent delta O-18(p) values for pareiasaurs strengthen our interpretation of a terrestrial lifestyle for these parareptiles, but the lower Anteosaurus delta O-18(p) values might question the interpretation and a larger sample size may result in a more conclusive outcome. These results conclude the debate on the ecology of middle Permian pareiasaurs. A terrestrial lifestyle is applicable only to the middle Permian species and a different lifestyle is possible for pareiasaurs species that lived after the end Capitanian extinction.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109485
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https://hal.science/hal-02991787/file/Rey%20et%20al.%20%282020a%29%20pre-proof.pdf BibTex
titre
Assessment of abundance and community composition of benthic macroinvertebrates : recommendations for improved sampling, fixation and extraction of oligochaetes.
auteur
Régis Vivien, Michel Lafont, Benoit J.D. Ferrari
article
Archives des sciences, 2020, 71, pp.37-44
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Depuis plusieurs décennies, les abondances et la structure des communautés de macroinvertébrés benthiques ont été étudiées pour évaluer la qualité biologique des écosystèmes aquatiques. Les procédures visant à étudier l’ensemble des communautés de macroinvertébrés ont été principalement conçues pour l’évaluation de la diversité des insectes sur l’ensemble d’un site et ne sont pas adaptées pour évaluer l’effet de facteurs environnementaux sur la structure des communautés et l’abondance de spécimens d’autres groupes taxonomiques tels que les oligochètes. Cependant, l’abondance et la composition des com- munautés des oligochètes résultant de l’application de telles procédures ont parfois été utilisées pour établir/compléter des diagnostics écologiques. Dans le présent travail, nous suggérons des adaptations des procédures, allant du choix de l’habitat étudié au tri des spécimens, en incluant la fixation des échantillons et les tailles du vide de maille du filet et du tamis. Le suivi de ces recommandations permettra d’évaluer correctement l’effet des facteurs environnementaux sur les peuplements d’oligochètes (abondance, composition) sur un site et de comparer les résultats obtenus entre les sites. Les oligochètes et les autres macroinvertébrés devraient être analysés séparément si les procédures décrites ici n’étaient pas adaptées pour l’étude de l’ensemble des macroinvertébrés.
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Assessing the effects of artificial light at night on biodiversity across latitude – Current knowledge gaps
auteur
Jean Secondi, Aurélie Davranche, Marc Théry, Nathalie Mondy, Thierry Lengagne
article
Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2020, 29, pp.404-419. ⟨10.1111/geb.13037⟩
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Aim: Exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) is a risk factor for organisms. Considering the spread and increasing intensity of night brightness across the globe, and the key role of light at all biological levels, alterations of ecosystems are ex- pected. Yet, we cannot predict the severity of the effects of ALAN in several biomes because little information is available outside the temperate zone. We reviewed cur- rent knowledge and identified traits that could be targeted to fill this knowledge gap in order to contribute to the elaboration of a biogeographical framework for the study of ALAN at the global scale. Location: Global. Time period: Current and next decades. Methods: We analysed the latitudinal variation in ALAN and focused on environ- mental factors that vary with latitude but that have been overlooked. We reviewed biological traits that exhibit latitudinal variation and depend on light and photoperiod and compiled information about the predicted changes in human demography and road networks across different world regions. Results: Cloud cover amplifies ALAN far away from urbanized areas. Because of the higher frequency of overcast sky nights, exposure effects may be stronger both at high latitudes and across a large fraction of the intertropical zone, although at dif- ferent times of the year. Intertropical biomes host the largest fraction of global bio- diversity. Although currently they are not the most exposed to ALAN, their human populations are growing, and urbanized areas and road networks are expanding. Hence, ALAN could have strong ecological consequences, with cloud cover as an aggravating factor. Perspectives: Knowledge gaps currently limit our ability to predict the effects of ALAN in different biomes. Therefore, it will be important to start investigating the consequences of this novel environmental factor across the globe, in order to de- velop a relevant theoretical framework.
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DOI : 10.1111/geb.13037
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Drivers of amphibian population dynamics and asynchrony at local and regional scales
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Hugo Cayuela, Richard Griffiths, Nurul Zakaria, Jan W. Arntzen, Pauline Priol, Jean-Paul Léna, Aurélien Besnard, Pierre Joly
article
Journal of Animal Ecology, 2020, 89, pp.1350-1364. ⟨10.1111/1365-2656.13208⟩
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1. Identifying the drivers of population fluctuations in spatially distinct populations remains a significant challenge for ecologists. Whereas regional climatic factors may generate population synchrony (i.e. the Moran effect), local factors includ- ing the level of density dependence may reduce the level of synchrony. Although divergences in the scaling of population synchrony and spatial environmental vari- ation have been observed, the regulatory factors that underlie such mismatches are poorly understood.2. Few previous studies have investigated how density-dependent processes and population-specific responses to weather variation influence spatial synchrony at both local and regional scales. We addressed this issue in a pond-breeding amphib- ian, the great crested newt Triturus cristatus. We used capture–recapture data col- lected through long-term surveys in five T. cristatus populations in Western Europe.3. In all populations—and subpopulations within metapopulations—population size, annual survival and recruitment fluctuated over time. Likewise, there was consider- able variation in these demographic rates between populations and within metap- opulations. These fluctuations and variations appear to be context-dependent and more related to site-specific characteristics than local or regional climatic drivers. We found a low level of demographic synchrony at both local and regional levels. Weather has weak and spatially variable effects on survival, recruitment and popu- lation growth rate. In contrast, density dependence was a common phenomenon (at least for population growth) in almost all populations and subpopulations.4. Our findings support the idea that the Moran effect is low in species where the population dynamics more closely depends on local factors (e.g. population den- sity and habitat characteristics) than on large-scale environmental fluctuation (e.g. regional climatic variation). Such responses may have far-reaching consequences for the long-term viability of spatially structured populations and their ability to respond to large-scale climatic anomalies.
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DOI : 10.1111/1365-2656.13208
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Sustainability of gastropod introduction for ecological engineering solution in infiltration basins: feeding strategy of V. viviparus
auteur
Valerian Estragnat, Laurence Volatier, Jean-Bastien Gambonnet, Frédéric Hervant, Pierre Marmonier, Florian Mermillod-Blondin
article
Hydrobiologia, 2020, 847, pp.665-677. ⟨10.1007/s10750-019-04128-6⟩
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The aim of this study was to test the sustainability of ecological engineering solutions based on the introduction of the gastropod V. viviparus in infiltration basins designed for groundwater recharge and clogged by benthic biofilms. This sustainability depends on the ability of gastropods to deal with variations in trophic resources throughout seasonal changes and so their feeding strategy. It is expected from literature that V. viviparus is a generalist species, well-adapted for ecological engineering approaches. With this objective, laboratory and field experiments were developed to measure the ability of gastropods to maintain energy body stores under several food sources and seasons, in relation with their physiological state. Our results showed that V. viviparus was not a strict generalist: it tended to be more efficient to constitute energy reserves when feeding on algae under laboratory conditions and its energy stores were positively correlated with primary productivity of the benthic biofilm in the field. Despite this higher efficiency of V. viviparus to produce energy reserves from algal resources, the survival and the levels of energy reserves measured on the field, even when trophic conditions 2 were the harshest (low algal development), make this species a good candidate for ecological engineering approaches.
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DOI : 10.1007/s10750-019-04128-6
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Metamorphosis shapes cranial diversity and rate of evolution in salamanders
auteur
Anne-Claire Fabre, Carla Bardua, Margot Bon, Julien Clavel, Ryan Felice, Jeffrey Streicher, Jeanne Bonnel, Edward Stanley, David Blackburn, Anjali Goswami
article
Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2020, 4, pp.1129-1140. ⟨10.1038/s41559-020-1225-3⟩
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Metamorphosis is widespread across the animal kingdom and induces fundamental changes in the morphology, habitat and resources used by an organism during its lifetime. Metamorphic species are likely to experience more dynamic selective pres- sures through ontogeny compared with species with single-phase life cycles, which may drive divergent evolutionary dynamics. Here, we reconstruct the cranial evolution of the salamander using geometric morphometric data from 148 species spanning the order’s full phylogenetic, developmental and ecological diversity. We demonstrate that life cycle influences cranial shape diversity and rate of evolution. Shifts in the rate of cranial evolution are consistently associated with transitions from bipha- sic to either direct-developing or paedomorphic life cycle strategies. Direct-developers exhibit the slowest rates of evolution and the lowest disparity, and paedomorphic species the highest. Species undergoing complete metamorphosis (biphasic and direct-developing) exhibit greater cranial modularity (evolutionary independence among regions) than do paedomorphic species, which undergo differential metamorphosis. Biphasic and direct-developing species also display elevated disparity relative to the evolutionary rate for bones associated with feeding, whereas this is not the case for paedomorphic species. Metamorphosis has profoundly influenced salamander cranial evolution, requiring greater autonomy of cranial elements and facilitating the rapid evolution of regions that are remodelled through ontogeny. Rather than compounding functional con- straints on variation, metamorphosis seems to have promoted the morphological evolution of salamanders over 180 million years, which may explain the ubiquity of this complex life cycle strategy across disparate organisms.
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DOI : 10.1038/s41559-020-1225-3
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titre
In Nitrate-Rich Soil, Fallopia x bohemica Modifies Functioning of N Cycle Compared to Native Monocultures
auteur
Amélie A.M. Cantarel, Soraya Rouifed, Laurent Simon, Julien Bourg, Jonathan Gervaix, Leslie Blazère, Sophie Poussineau, Charline Creuzé Des Châtelliers, Florence Piola
article
Diversity, 2020, 12 (4), pp.d12040156. ⟨10.3390/d12040156⟩
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The effects of invasive species at the ecosystem level remain an important component required to assess their impacts. Here, we conducted an experimental study with labeled nitrogen in two types of soil (low and high nitrate conditions), investigating the effects of (1) the presence of Fallopia x bohemica on the traits of three native species (Humulus lupulus, Sambucus ebulus, and Urtica dioica) and (2) interspecific competition (monoculture of the invasive species, monoculture of the native species, and a mixture of invasive/native species) on nitrification, denitrification, and related microbial communities (i.e., functional gene abundances). We found that the species with the higher nitrate assimilation rate (U. dioica) was affected differently by the invasive species, with no effect or even an increase in aboveground biomass and number of leaves. F. x bohemica also decreased denitrification, but only in the soil with high nitrate concentrations. The impacts of the invasive species on nitrification and soil microorganisms depended on the native species and the soil type, suggesting that competition for nitrogen between plants and between plants and microorganisms is highly dependent on species traits and environmental conditions. This research highlights that studies looking at the impacts of invasive species on ecosystems should consider the plant–soil–microorganism complex as a whole.
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DOI : 10.3390/d12040156
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Effects of urbanization-climate interactions on range expansion in the invasive European pavement ant
auteur
Marion Cordonnier, Arnaud Bellec, Gilles Escarguel, Bernard Kaufmann
article
Basic and Applied Ecology, 2020, 44, pp.46-54. ⟨10.1016/j.baae.2020.02.003⟩
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DOI : 10.1016/j.baae.2020.02.003
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Amber- and plant-bearing deposits from the Cenomanian of Neau (Mayenne, France)
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Didier Néraudeau, Jean-Paul Saint Martin, Simona Saint-Martin, Laurent Jeanneau, Jean-David Moreau, Philippe Marc, France Polette, Damien Gendry, John Brunet, Jérôme Tréguier
article
Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 2020, L'ambre, 191, pp.39. ⟨10.1051/bsgf/2020039⟩
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A new Cenomanian amber- and plant-bearing deposit has been discovered at Neau, in the Mayenne department (France). The Cenomanian fossiliferous lignites are located in karst filling in a substratum of Cambrian limestones. The amber corresponds mainly to tiny millimetric grains, devoid of arthropod inclusions, but rich in microorganisms, especially the sheated bacteria Leptotrichites resinatus, and containing pollen grains (Classopollis) and wood fibers (Araucariacae or Cheirolepidiaceae). The lignites provide abundant conifer and ginkgoale cuticle fragments (Frenelopsis, Eretmophyllum) and a lot of palynomorphs (e.g. Gleicheniidites senonicus, Cyathidites, Deltoidospora, Appendicisporites and Cicatricosisporites). The chemical signature of the amber suggests it was produced by conifers of the extinct family Cheirolepidiaceae. According to the palynological assemblage, the age of the lignites is upper lower Cenomanian or lower mid Cenomanian. The deposit environment corresponded to the upstream portion of a mangrove or the most inner part of a lagoon.
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DOI : 10.1051/bsgf/2020039
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New fossil woods from lower Cenozoic volcano‐sedimentary rocks of the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, and the implications for the trans‐Antarctic Peninsula Eocene climatic gradient
auteur
Changhwan Oh, Marc Philippe, Stephen Mcloughlin, Jusun Woo, Marcelo Leppe, Teresa Torres, Tae‐yoon Park, Han‐gu Choi
article
Special papers in palaeontology, 2020, 6 (1), pp.1-29. ⟨10.1002/spp2.1256⟩
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DOI : 10.1002/spp2.1256
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Evolution of communication signals and information during species radiation
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Maxime Garcia, Frédéric Theunissen, Frédéric Sèbe, Julien Clavel, Andrea Ravignani, Thibaut Marin-Cudraz, Jérôme Fuchs, Nicolas Mathevon
article
Nature Communications, 2020, 11 (1), pp.4970. ⟨10.1038/s41467-020-18772-3⟩
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Communicating species identity is a key component of many animal signals. However, whether selection for species recognition systematically increases signal diversity during clade radiation remains debated. Here we show that in woodpecker drumming, a rhythmic signal used during mating and territorial defense, the amount of species identity information encoded remained stable during woodpeckers' radiation. Acoustic analyses and evolutionary reconstructions show interchange among six main drumming types despite strong phylogenetic contingencies, suggesting evolutionary tinkering of drumming structure within a constrained acoustic space. Playback experiments and quantification of species discriminability demonstrate sufficient signal differentiation to support species recognition in local communities. Finally, we only find character displacement in the rare cases where sympatric species are also closely related. Overall, our results illustrate how historical contingencies and ecological interactions can promote conservatism in signals during a clade radiation without impairing the effectiveness of information transfer relevant to inter-specific discrimination.
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DOI : 10.1038/s41467-020-18772-3
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Reliable Phylogenetic Regressions for Multivariate Comparative Data: Illustration with the MANOVA and Application to the Effect of Diet on Mandible Morphology in Phyllostomid Bats
auteur
Julien Clavel, Hélène Morlon
article
Systematic Biology, 2020, 69 (5), pp.927-943. ⟨10.1093/sysbio/syaa010⟩
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Understanding what shapes species phenotypes over macroevolutionary timescales from comparative data often requires studying the relationship between phenotypes and putative explanatory factors or testing for differences in phenotypes across species groups. In phyllostomid bats for example, is mandible morphology associated to diet preferences? Performing such analyses depends upon reliable phylogenetic regression techniques and associated tests (e.g., phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares, pGLS, and phylogenetic analyses of variance and covariance, pANOVA, pANCOVA). While these tools are well established for univariate data, their multivariate counterparts are lagging behind. This is particularly true for high-dimensional phenotypic data, such as morphometric data. Here, we implement much-needed likelihood-based multivariate pGLS, pMANOVA, and pMANCOVA, and use a recently developed penalized-likelihood framework to extend their application to the difficult case when the number of traits p approaches or exceeds the number of species n. We then focus on the pMANOVA and use intensive simulations to assess the performance of the approach as p increases, under various levels of phylogenetic signal and correlations between the traits, phylogenetic structure in the predictors, and under various types of phenotypic differences across species groups. We show that our approach outperforms available alternatives under all circumstances, with greater power to detect phenotypic differences across species group when they exist, and a lower risk of improperly detecting nonexistent differences. Finally, we provide an empirical illustration of our pMANOVA on a geometric-morphometric data set describing mandible morphology in phyllostomid bats along with data on their diet preferences. Overall our results show significant differences between ecological groups. Our approach, implemented in the R package mvMORPH and illustrated in a tutorial for end-users, provides efficient multivariate phylogenetic regression tools for understanding what shapes phenotypic differences across species. [Generalized least squares; high-dimensional data sets; multivariate phylogenetic comparative methods; penalized likelihood; phenomics; phyllostomid bats; phylogenetic MANOVA; phylogenetic regression.]
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DOI : 10.1093/sysbio/syaa010
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Anthropogenic disturbance drives dispersal syndromes, demography, and gene flow in amphibian populations
auteur
Hugo Cayuela, Aurélien Besnard, Julien Cote, Martin Laporte, Eric Bonnaire, Julian Pichenot, Nicolas Schtickzelle, Arnaud Bellec, Pierre Joly, Jean-Paul Léna
article
Ecological monographs, 2020, 90 (2), pp.e01406. ⟨10.1002/ecm.1406⟩
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There is growing evidence that anthropogenic landscapes can strongly influence the evolution of dispersal, particularly through fragmentation, and may drive organisms into an evolutionary trap by suppressing dispersal. However, the influence on dispersal evolution of anthropogenic variation in habitat patch turnover has so far been largely overlooked. In this study, we examined how human‐driven variation in patch persistence affects dispersal rates and distances, determines dispersal‐related phenotypic specialization, and drives neutral genetic structure in spatially structured populations. We addressed this issue in an amphibian, Bombina variegata, using an integrative approach combining capture–recapture modeling, demographic simulation, common garden experiments, and population genetics. B. variegata reproduces in small ponds that occur either in habitat patches that are persistent (i.e., several decades or more), located in riverine environments with negligible human activity, or in patches that are highly temporary (i.e., a few years), created by logging operations in intensively harvested woodland. Our capture–recapture models revealed that natal and breeding dispersal rates and distances were drastically higher in spatially structured populations (SSPs) in logging environments than in riverine SSPs. Population simulations additionally showed that dispersal costs and benefits drive the fate of logging SSPs, which cannot persist without dispersal. The common garden experiments revealed that toadlets reared in laboratory conditions have morphological and behavioral specialization that depends on their habitat of origin. Toadlets from logging SSPs were found to have higher boldness and exploration propensity than those from riverine SSPs, indicating transgenerationally transmitted dispersal syndromes. We also found contrasting patterns of neutral genetic diversity and gene flow in riverine and logging SSPs, with genetic diversity and effective population size considerably higher in logging than in riverine SSPs. In parallel, intrapatch inbreeding and relatedness levels were lower in logging SSPs. Controlling for the effect of genetic drift and landscape connectivity, gene flow was found to be higher in logging than in riverine SSPs. Taken together, these results indicate that anthropogenic variation in habitat patch turnover may have an effect at least as important as landscape fragmentation on dispersal evolution and the long‐term viability and genetic structure of wild populations.
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DOI : 10.1002/ecm.1406
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Epigenetic inheritance and intergenerational effects in mollusks
auteur
Manon Fallet, Émilien Luquet, Patrice David, Celine Cosseau
article
Gene, 2020, 729, pp.144166. ⟨10.1016/j.gene.2019.144166⟩
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DOI : 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144166
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A woman botanist in Rousseau’s footsteps: Clémence Lortet’s Botanical Walks (ca.1811)
auteur
Sarah Benharrech, Marc Philippe
article
Huntia, a Journal of Botanical History, 2020, 18 (2), pp.33-66
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This study presents for the first time a partial translation of Clémence Lortet’s manuscript entitled “Promenades Botaniques” (Botanical Walks), which had remained unpublished and little known until recently. Clémence Lortet, born Richard (1772–1835), was a student and friend of physician and botanist Jean- Emmanuel Gilibert. Although she shunned publicity for most of her life, Lortet was a key figure of botany in the Lyons area in the period 1808–1835. While all her works were published under the names of her collaborators (Gilibert and others), she was instrumental in the founding of the Lyons branch of the Linnean Society. A staunch defender of the newly born French Republic, and closely connected with Freemasonry, she helped botanist G. Battista Balbis safely relocate from Italy to France. She also prompted collaborations and exchanges among botanists based in the Lyons area. Her Botanical Walks provided readers with a floristic guide. Lortet also filled her itineraries with personal memories, lyrical expressions and esthetic appreciations of various sceneries, wherein she emulates Rousseau’s Reveries of a Solitary Walker (1782). Finally, her text can also be read as a moving homage paid to the memory of Gilibert, her teacher and friend, who had first recommended botany to her as a salutary diversion against the somber impressions left by the French Terror. The following analysis aims to shed light on the various cultural, botanical and literary elements in Lortet’s sole attempt to craft an original instance of personal writing out of an inventory of the flora of Lyons.
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Magnitude and direction of parasite‐induced phenotypic alterations: a meta‐analysis in acanthocephalans
auteur
Marion Fayard, François‐xavier Dechaume‐moncharmont, Rémi Wattier, Marie‐jeanne Perrot‐minnot
article
Biological Reviews, 2020, 95, pp.1233-1251. ⟨10.1111/brv.12606⟩
resume
Several parasite species have the ability to modify their host’s phenotype to their own advantage thereby increasing the probability of transmission from one host to another. This phenomenon of host manipulation is interpreted as the expression of a parasite extended phenotype. Manipulative parasites generally affect multiple phenotypic traits in their hosts, although both the extent and adaptive significance of such multidimensionality in host manipulation is still poorly documented. To review the multidimensionality and magnitude of host manipulation, and to understand the causes of variation in trait value alteration, we performed a phylogenetically corrected meta-analysis, focusing on a model taxon: acanthocephalan parasites. Acanthocephala is a phylum of helminth parasites that use vertebrates as final hosts and invertebrates as intermediate hosts, and is one of the few parasite groups for which manipulation is pre- dicted to be ancestral. We compiled 279 estimates of parasite-induced alterations in phenotypic trait value, from 81 studies and 13 acanthocephalan species, allocating a sign to effect size estimates according to the direction of alter- ation favouring parasite transmission, and grouped traits by category. Phylogenetic inertia accounted for a low pro- portion of variation in effect sizes. The overall average alteration of trait value was moderate and positive when considering the expected effect of alterations on trophic transmission success (signed effect sizes, after the onset of par- asite infectivity to the final host). Variation in the alteration of trait value was affected by the category of phenotypic trait, with the largest alterations being reversed taxis/phobia and responses to stimuli, and increased vulnerability to predation, changes to reproductive traits (behavioural or physiological castration) and immunosuppression. Para- site transmission would thereby be facilitated mainly by changing mainly the choice of micro-habitat and the anti- predation behaviour of infected hosts, and by promoting energy-saving strategies in the host. In addition, infection with larval stages not yet infective to definitive hosts (acanthella) tends to induce opposite effects of comparable mag- nitude to infection with the infective stage (cystacanth), although this result should be considered with caution due to the low number of estimates with acanthella. This analysis raises important issues that should be considered in future studies investigating the adaptive significance of host manipulation, not only in acanthocephalans but also in other taxa. Specifically, the contribution of phenotypic traits to parasite transmission and the range of taxonomic diversity covered deserve thorough attention. In addition, the relationship between behaviour and immunity across parasite developmental stages and host–parasite systems (the neuropsychoimmune hypothesis of host manipulation), still awaits experimental evidence. Most of these issues apply more broadly to reported cases of host manipulation by other groups of parasites.
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DOI : 10.1111/brv.12606
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Quantitative and specific recovery of natural organic and mineral sulfur for (multi-)isotope analysis
auteur
I. Jovovic, V. Grossi, Pierre Adam, L. Simon, I. Antheaume, F. Gelin, M. Ader, P. Cartigny
article
Organic Geochemistry, 2020, 146, pp.104055. ⟨10.1016/j.orggeochem.2020.104055⟩
resume
Deciphering the role of sulfur in biogeochemical cycles strongly relies on its stable isotope composition, which ultimately depends on the ability to quantitatively recover different sulfur species from geological samples. For decades most studies have been restricted to the 34S/32S composition of bulk samples, using simple methods based on the analysis of SO2 released by sample combustion combined to mass spectrometry. The wet chemistry procedures required to selectively extract specific sulfur species were generally avoided due to their tediousness and inefficiency for some complex matrices, especially when targeting organic sulfur. With the recent advent of multi-isotope studies (investigating the minor sulfur stable isotopes 33S and 36S) which rely either on the analysis of sulfur as SF6, or on the use of secondary ion or multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, wet chemistry-based preparation procedures were brought back to the stage with a renewed interest in developing procedures better adapted to the investigation of specific sulfur species. Here we propose a new stepwise chemical procedure for the quantitative recovery and multi-isotope analysis of organic sulfur from both solvent soluble (total lipid extract) and insoluble (kerogen) fractions, based on a wet oxidation by sodium hypochlorite. This procedure also allows the multi-isotope analysis of inorganic sulfur species (elemental sulfur, sulfates and sulfides) in the same sample. Its application to different well-known petroleum source rocks and to an oil demonstrates its relevance for disentangling the interactions between the different sulfur pools and for shedding new light on the sulfur biogeochemical cycle.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2020.104055
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Cainotheriidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Dams (Quercy, SW France): phylogenetic relationships and evolution around the Eocene–Oligocene transition (MP19–MP21)
auteur
Romain Weppe, Cécile Blondel, Monique Vianey-Liaud, Gilles Escarguel, Thierry Pelissie, Pierre-Olivier Antoine, Maeva J. Orliac
article
Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2020, 18 (7), pp.541-572. ⟨10.1080/14772019.2019.1645754⟩
resume
Cainotheriids are a family of small artiodactyls, known in the fossil record from the late Eocene to the middle Miocene in Western Europe. Contrary to several European endemic ungulate groups that became extinct at the end of the Eocene or close to the Eocene–Oligocene transition (Grande Coupure), cainotheriids crossed this boundary and diversified during the Oligocene. The evolutionary history of cainotheriids around the Grande Coupure remains poorly documented and only a few works deal with the modalities of their evolution, notably because of the scarcity of available Eocene remains. A new fossiliferous karstic network named Dams was discovered during field prospecting in the Quercy area (Tarn-et-Garonne, France). It notably displays two infillings that yielded a great abundance of cainotheriid remains, namely DAM1 (MP19, late Eocene) and DAM3 (MP22, early Oligocene), bracketing the Eocene–Oligocene transition. A detailed study of cainotheriid mandibular and dental remains from these infillings reveals that only Paroxacron valdense occurs at DAM1, while five species are found in DAM3. The karstic network at Dams seemingly records a local taxonomic diversification of cainotheriids after the Grande Coupure, with Cainotheriinae being particularly successful. Our phylogenetic analysis, including cainotheriids from Dams, constitutes the first formal phylogeny of Cainotheriidae. Our results, based on mandibular and dental characters, allow us to (i) clarify relationships within Cainotheriidae, (ii) erect a new family Robiacinidae, as being the sister taxon to Cainotheriidae among Cainotherioidea, and, more broadly, (iii) discuss the controversial position of Cainotheriidae within Artiodactyla, as being more closely related to Ruminantia than to Tylopoda.
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DOI : 10.1080/14772019.2019.1645754
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titre
Inefficiency of cutting stems once during the vegetative growth of Fallopia spp.
auteur
Soraya Rouifed, Marylise Cottet, Margot de Battista, Yves-François Le Lay, Patrick Rateau, Anne Rivière-Honegger, Florence Piola
article
Management of Biological Invasions, 2020, 11 (3), pp.399-405. ⟨10.3391/mbi.2020.11.3.03⟩
resume
The management of some invasive plant species is difficult because species can exhibit high productivity despite control measures. Inefficient control methods may even produce unwanted side effects. We conducted an experimental study on Fallopia spp., a major invasive plant in Europe. We tested the effects of two different stem-cutting frequencies on the aboveground and belowground traits of several genotypes in a greenhouse experiment against control plants (no cuts). Plants receiving one cut per month for a total of 4 cuts experienced 30% mortality of the individuals, surviving plants had greatly reduced values of the measured traits, especially for biomass and height. In contrast, plants in the treatment group, consisting of a single cut in five months, were eventually able to compensate for the loss of aboveground parts despite reduced length and biomass of the rhizome. Our results indicate that minimal mechanical intervention has limited effects on Fallopia spp. During the vegetative season, managers can increase control efficacy through regular cutting rather than a one-time intervention for these species.
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DOI
DOI : 10.3391/mbi.2020.11.3.03
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titre
“The fad for Polygonum will fade away!”: historic aspects of the propagation and success in France of the Reynoutria complex based on archives
auteur
Mélanie Thiébaut, Sébastien Nicolas, Florence Piola
article
Botany Letters, 2020, 167 (3), pp.301-314. ⟨10.1080/23818107.2020.1750478⟩
resume
Japanese Knotweeds were introduced by man during the 19th century in Europe, where they hybridized and formed a species complex now considered as “invasive”. On the basis of many herbarium specimens, the literature and archive documents, we describe the history of their discovery and introduction in France. The circumstances of their hybridization are given, as well as the reasons for the spread of the complex composed of both taxa and their polyploid hybrids. We show that after its discovery by Von Siebold, Reynoutria japonica was introduced as a single male-sterile clone in Lorraine during the early 1850s, whereas R. sachalinensis was discovered by both the French and Russians and subject to successive introductions. Our study reveals that at the end of the 19th century, these Asiatic Knotweeds became very popular among horticulturists and botanical gardens. Their cultivation in sympatry has led to the production of their hybrid R. x bohemica, as well as interspecific hybridizations and introgressions with parental species, leading to considerable genetic diversity, escape and naturalisation.
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DOI : 10.1080/23818107.2020.1750478
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Ecological assessment of groundwater ecosystems disturbed by recharge systems using organic matter quality, biofilm characteristics and bacterial diversity
auteur
Jérémy Voisin, B. Cournoyer, L. Marjolet, Antonin Vienney, Florian Mermillod-Blondin
article
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020, 27 (3), pp.3295-3308. ⟨10.1007/s11356-019-06971-5⟩
resume
Recharge of aquifers by urban stormwater may trigger significant ecological changes that can be detrimental to the biodiversity and functioning of groundwater ecosystems. Here, the effects of aquifer recharge (AR) on three levels of parameters were investigated: dissolved organic carbon (DOC) quantity and quality, global biofilm characteristics, and diversity changes of bacterial communities. As DOC enrichment by AR can be mitigated by vadose zone (VZ) thickness, three AR sites with thin VZ (< 3 m) and three sites with thick VZ (> 10 m) were selected. For each AR site, clay beads were incubated over a 10-day-long rainy period through wells in recharged and non-recharged groundwaters. Total proteins, dehydrogenase, and hydrolytic activities were monitored from clay beads to assess biofilm development. Bacterial richness on beads was estimated by 16S rRNA-based metabarcoding. AR was found to significantly increase DOC and biodegradable DOC (BDOC) concentrations, biofilm development, and bacterial richness especially in sites with thin VZ. VZ thickness was inversely related to microbial growth indicators and bacterial richness in groundwater, through a control of DOC availability. The proportion of Bacteroidetes 16S rRNA gene reads was higher in recharged groundwater than in non-recharged groundwater, suggesting that this phylum could be used as an indicator of DOC enrichment associated with AR. Quantitative PCR assays for Bacteroides DNA confirmed these trends and showed an enrichment of this bacterial group in DOC-rich aquifer waters. The positive linear relationships between BDOC concentrations and biofilm variables highlighted a strong C-limitation of groundwater impacting bacterial species sorting and activity.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s11356-019-06971-5
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titre
Ecotoxicity and antibiotic resistance of wastewater during transport in an urban sewage network
auteur
Marine Laquaz, Christophe Dagot, Laure Wiest, Christine Bazin, Margaux Gaschet, Yves Perrodin
article
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020, 27 (16), pp.19991-19999. ⟨10.1007/s11356-020-07982-3⟩
resume
Urban wastewater (UWW) management usually entails biological and physicochemical monitoring due to its potential impact on the quality of the receiving environment. A major component of a sewage system is the pipe network leading the water to the treatment plant. Up to now, few studies have been conducted on the diverse phenomena that may affect the characteristics of the water during its transportation. In this study, ecotoxicity and potential antibiotic resistance were used in a global method to assess the change of UWW quality in a sewage system and determine if sewer pipes can act as a bioreactor spread. Three bioassays were conducted to assess the ecotoxicity of the samples and the concentration and relative abundance of two classes of integrons (as a proxy for antibiotic resistance) were measured. The results of the bioassay battery do not show a pattern, despite the fact that differences were noticeable between upstream and downstream samples. Antibiotic resistance appeared to decrease during transport in the pipe as the concentration and relative abundance of integrons decreased during several campaigns. This result should be confirmed in other sewer networks but already provides useful information for the management of urban sewage system.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s11356-020-07982-3
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titre
Transgenerational plasticity of inducible defences: Combined effects of grand‐parental, parental and current environments
auteur
Juliette Tariel-Adam, Sandrine Plénet, Émilien Luquet
article
Ecology and Evolution, 2020, 10, pp.2367-2376. ⟨10.1002/ece3.6046⟩
resume
Phenotypic plasticity can occur across generations (transgenerational plasticity) when environments experienced by the previous generations influenced offspring phenotype. The evolutionary importance of transgenerational plasticity, especially regarding within-generational plasticity, is a currently hot topic in the plasticity framework. How long an environmental effect can persist across generations and whether multigenerational effects are cumulative are primordial—for the evolution- ary significance of transgenerational plasticity—but still unresolved questions. In this study, we investigated how the grand-parental, parental and offspring exposures to predation cues shape the predator-induced defences of offspring in the Physa acuta snail. We expected that the offspring phenotypes result from a three-way interac- tion among grand-parental, parental and offspring environments. We exposed three generations of snails without and with predator cues according to a full factorial de- sign and measured offspring inducible defences. We found that both grand-parental and parental exposures to predator cues impacted offspring antipredator defences, but their effects were not cumulative and depended on the defences considered. We also highlighted that the grand-parental environment did alter reaction norms of offspring shell thickness, demonstrating an interaction between the grand-parental transgenerational plasticity and the within-generational plasticity. We concluded that the effects of multigenerational exposure to predator cues resulted on complex offspring phenotypic patterns which are difficult to relate to adaptive antipredator advantages.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1002/ece3.6046
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titre
Reproductive senescence and parental effects in an indeterminate grower
auteur
Charlotte Depeux, Jean-François Lemaître Lemaître, Jérôme Moreau, François‐xavier Dechaume‐moncharmont, Tiffany Laverre, Hélène Pauhlac, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Sophie Beltran-Bech
article
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2020, 33, pp.1256-1264. ⟨10.1111/jeb.13667⟩
resume
Reproductive senescence is the decrease of reproductive performance with increasing age and can potentially include trans-generational effects as the offspring produced by old parents might have a lower fitness than those produced by young parents. This negative effect may be caused either by the age of the father, mother, or the interaction between the ages of both parents. Using the common woodlouse Armadillidium vulgare, an indeterminate grower, as a biological model, we tested for the existence of a deleterious effect of parental age on fitness components. Contrary to previous findings reported from vertebrate studies, old parents produced both a higher number and larger offspring than young parents. However, their offspring had lower fitness components (by surviving less, producing a smaller number of clutches, or not reproducing at all) than offspring born to young parents. Our findings strongly support the existence of trans-generational senescence in woodlice and contradict the belief that old individuals in indeterminate growers contribute the most to recruitment and correspond thereby to the key life stage for population dynamics. Our work also provides rare evidence that the trans-generational effect of senescence can be stronger than direct reproductive senescence in indeterminate growers.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/jeb.13667
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titre
Brachiopod palaeobiogeography in the western Tethys during the Early Jurassic diversity maximum: introduction of a Pontic Province
auteur
Attila Vörös, Gilles Escarguel
article
Lethaia, 2020, 53, pp.72-90. ⟨10.1111/let.12337⟩
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DOI : 10.1111/let.12337
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Impact of soil water content on maize responses to the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1
auteur
Sonia Czarnes, Pierre-Edouard Mercier, Damien Lemoine, Jihane Hamzaoui, Laurent Legendre
article
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2020, 206, pp.505-516. ⟨10.1111/jac.12399⟩
resume
Members of the bacterial genus Azospirillum are root-associated bacteria that increase yield in cereals by promoting growth and alleviating drought stress. How plants integrate the many bacterium-derived growth-promoting stimuli with other environmental factors to generate a coordinated response remains unresolved. Using a commercial Azospirillum strain, A. lipoferum CRT1 and two host maize cultivars, it was observed that bacterization reduced the drought-induced increase in lateral root growth and enhanced the flood-induced increase in lateral root growth in the more drought- and flood-sensitive cultivar. In the other one, A. lipoferum CRT1 only elicited a moderate root growth response under low soil water potential. The photosynthetic potential and activity were increased in the earlier cultivar and decreased in the later one, irrespective of the soil water content. No impact of the bacterium was seen on the growth of the leaves of both cultivars under both stresses until the third leaf stage, therefore suggesting that it is a consequence of multiple primary adaptations to biotic and abiotic stresses. It is suggested that host-bacteria recognition leads to a stress-specific modulation of the root response and a differential stress-independent effect on photosynthesis. This is the first report of the impact of Azospirillum under flood conditions.
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DOI : 10.1111/jac.12399
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A “Population Dynamics” Perspective on the Delayed Life-History Effects of Environmental Contaminations: An Illustration with a Preliminary Study of Cadmium Transgenerational Effects over Three Generations in the Crustacean Gammarus
auteur
Pauline Cribiu, Alain Devaux, Laura Garnero, Khedidja Abbaci, Thérèse Bastide, Nicolas Delorme, Herve Queau, Davide Degli Esposti, Jean-Luc Ravanat, Olivier Geffard, Sylvie Bony, Arnaud Chaumot
article
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020, 21 (13), pp.4704. ⟨10.3390/ijms21134704⟩
resume
We explore the delayed consequences of parental exposure to environmentally relevant cadmium concentrations on the life-history traits throughout generations of the freshwater crustaceanGammarus fossarum. We report the preliminary results obtained during a challenging one-year laboratory experiment in this environmental species and propose the use of population modeling to interpret the changes in offspring life-history traits regarding their potential demographic impacts. The main outcome of this first long-term transgenerational assay is that the exposure of spawners during a single gametogenesis cycle (3 weeks) could result in severe cascading effects on the life-history traits along three unexposed offspring generations (one year). Indeed, we observed a decrease in F1 reproductive success, an early onset of F2 offspring puberty with reduced investment in egg yolk reserves, and finally a decrease in the growth rate of F3 juveniles. However, the analysis of these major transgenerational effects by means of a Lefkovitch matrix population model revealed only weak demographic impacts. Population compensatory processes mitigating the demographic consequences of parental exposure seem to drive the modification of life-history traits in offspring generations. This exploratory study sheds light on the role of population mechanisms involved in the demographic regulation of the delayed effects of environmental toxicity in wild populations.
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DOI
DOI : 10.3390/ijms21134704
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titre
Cohort effect on discriminant rate: the case of greater flamingo (Phœnicopterus roseus) chicks sexed with morphological characters
auteur
Abdennour Boucheker, Riad Nedjah, Roger Prodon, Mark Gillingham, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Arnaud Béchet, Boudjéma Samraoui
article
Web Ecology, 2020, 20 (2), pp.153-159. ⟨10.5194/we-20-153-2020⟩
resume
We used a large dataset of greater flamingo chicks banded and measured at Camargue, France, to verify the applicability of discriminant function analysis to sex this species. Males and females sexed genetically differed significantly in all of the morphological characters measured (body mass, tarsus and wing length), with males being significantly larger than females. Although the discriminant rate varied substantially from one year to another, we found that it increased with the sample size of genetically sexed individuals. Our results suggest that discriminant function analysis (DFA) does not provide an efficient tool to sex greater flamingo chicks as these relationship are highly variable across years, requiring the genetic determination of sex on a large number of individuals every year for calibrating the DFA and still providing an overall low accuracy in sex determination. Indeed, conditions at breeding seasons can vary between years and can be considered proximate causes affecting the correct discriminant rate. Like previous studies, we recommend caution in dealing with discriminant equations computed from small datasets, and our simulation suggests that 325 genetically sexed individuals are needed to obtain 80 % correctly classified greater flamingo chicks.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.5194/we-20-153-2020
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titre
Thermophysiologies of Jurassic marine crocodylomorphs inferred from the oxygen isotope composition of their tooth apatite
auteur
Nicolas Séon, Romain Amiot, Jérémy Martin, Mark Young, Heather Middleton, François Fourel, Laurent Picot, Xavier Valentin, Christophe Lécuyer
article
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2020, 375 (1793), pp.20190139. ⟨10.1098/rstb.2019.0139⟩
resume
One contribution of 15 to a theme issue 'Vertebrate palaeophysiology'. Teleosauridae and Metriorhynchidae were thalattosuchian crocodylomorph clades that secondarily adapted to marine life and coexisted during the Middle to Late Jurassic. While teleosaurid diversity collapsed at the end of the Jurassic, most likely as a result of a global cooling of the oceans and associated marine regressions, metriorhynchid diversity was largely unaffected , although the fossil record of Thalattosuchia is poor in the Cretaceous. In order to investigate the possible differences in thermophysio-logies between these two thalattosuchian lineages, we analysed stable oxygen isotope compositions (expressed as δ 18 O values) of tooth apatite from metriorhynchid and teleosaurid specimens. We then compared them to the δ 18 O values of coexisting endo-homeothermic ichthyosaurs and plesio-saurs, as well as ecto-poïkilothermic chondrichthyans and osteichthyans. The distribution of δ 18 O values suggests that both teleosaurids and metriorhynch-ids had body temperatures intermediate between those of typical ecto-poikilothermic vertebrates and warm-blooded ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs, metriorhynchids being slightly warmer than teleosaurids. We propose that metriorhynchids were able to raise their body temperature above that of the ambient environment by metabolic heat production, as endotherms do, but could not maintain a constant body temperature compared to fully home-othermic ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs. Teleosaurids, on the other hand, may have raised their body temperature by mouth-gape basking, as modern crocodilians do, and benefited from the thermal inertia of their large body mass to maintain their body temperature above ambient one. Endothermy in metriorhynchids might have been a by-product of their ecological adaptations to active pelagic hunting, and it probably allowed them to survive the global cooling of the Late Jurassic, thus explaining the selective extinction affecting Thalattosuchia at the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.2019.0139
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titre
New national and regional bryophyte records, 63
auteur
L. Ellis, O. Afonina, I. Czernyadjeva, L. Konoreva, A. Potemkin, V. Kotkova, M. Alataş, H. Blom, M. Boiko, R. Cabral, S. Jimenez, D. Dagnino, C. Turcato, L. Minuto, P. Erzberger, T. Ezer, O. Galanina, N. Hodgetts, M. Ignatov, A. Ignatova, S. Kazanovsky, T. Kiebacher, H. Köckinger, E. Korolkova, J. Larraín, A. Maksimov, D. Maity, A. Martins, M. Sim-Sim, F. Monteiro, L. Catarino, R. Medina, M. Nobis, A. Nowak, R. Ochyra, I. Parnikoza, V. Ivanets, V. Plášek, M. Philippe, P. Saha, Md. Aziz, A. Shkurko, S. Ştefănuţ, G. Suárez, A. Uygur, K. Erkul, M. Wierzgoń, A. Graulich
article
Journal of Bryology, 2020, 42 (3), pp.1-16. ⟨10.1080/03736687.2020.1750930⟩
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DOI : 10.1080/03736687.2020.1750930
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Effects of river infrastructures on the floodplain sedimentary environment in the Rhône River
auteur
Sophia Vauclin, Brice Mourier, Alvaro Tena, Hervé Piégay, Thierry Winiarski
article
Journal of Soils and Sediments, In press, ⟨10.1007/s11368-019-02449-6⟩
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DOI : 10.1007/s11368-019-02449-6
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Reactivity of vadose-zone solids to S-metolachlor and its two main metabolites: case of a glaciofluvial aquifer
auteur
Pauline Sidoli, Nicolas Devau, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, Nicole Baran
article
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020, 27 (18), pp.22865-22877. ⟨10.1007/s11356-020-08579-6⟩
resume
The vulnerability of groundwater to pesticides is governed in part by sorption mechanisms in the vadose zone, commonly studied in soil but less well-known in the geological solids. To alleviate this lack of knowledge, adsorption of the herbicide S-metolachlor (SMOC) and of two of its metabolites—metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid (MESA) and metolachlor oxanilic acid (MOXA)—was studied with batch equilibrium method on seventeen surface soils and three geological solids of the vadose zone overlying a glaciofluvial aquifer. In grainsize terms, the latter three were sand for the first two samples and gravel for the third. Adsorption is ordered as follows: SMOC > > MESA > MOXA, except for one of the geological solids for which MESA adsorption was slightly higher than that of SMOC (Kd = 0.73 vs. 0.44 L kg−1). The low MOXA adsorption could only be quantified for the gravel sample (Kd = 0.74 L kg−1), which was also more reactive than all the other samples to MESA and SMOC (Kd = 2.08 and 28.8 L kg−1, respectively). Statistical multivariate tests related the highest Kd values for SMOC with the soils and geological solids with the highest organic-carbon and clay-fraction contents. The highest Kd values for MESA were found in the samples containing high oxide concentrations. Our results shed a new light on the adsorption of SMOC, MESA and MOXA suggesting that during their transfer to groundwater, pesticides and metabolites can be adsorbed in the vadose zone on both soils and geological solids.
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DOI : 10.1007/s11356-020-08579-6
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titre
Estimating the macroscopic capillary length from Beerkan infiltration experiments and its impact on saturated soil hydraulic conductivity predictions
auteur
Simone Di Prima, Ryan Stewart, Mirko Castellini, Vincenzo Bagarello, Majdi Abou Najm, Mario Pirastru, Filippo Giadrossich, Massimo Iovino, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, Laurent Lassabatère
article
Journal of Hydrology, 2020, 589, pp.125159. ⟨10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125159⟩
resume
The macroscopic capillary length, λc, is a fundamental soil parameter expressing the relative importance of the capillary over gravity forces during water movement in unsaturated soil. In this investigation, we propose a simple field method for estimating λc using only a single-ring infiltration experiment of the Beerkan type and measurements of initial and saturated soil water contents. We assumed that the intercept of the linear regression fitted to the steady-state portion of the experimental infiltration curve could be used as a reliable predictor of λc. This hypothesis was validated by assessing the proposed calculation approach using both analytical and field data. The analytical validation demonstrated that the proposed method was able to provide reliable λc estimates over a wide range of soil textural characteristics and initial soil water contents. The field testing was performed on a large database including 433 Beerkan infiltration experiments, with the 99% of the experiments yielding realistic λc values. The generated λc values were then used in conjunction with four different methods for estimating saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, Ks. Estimated Ks values were close to those generated by a reference method, with relative error < 25% in nearly all cases. By comparison, assuming constant or soil-dependent λc values caused relative errors in Ks of up to 600%. Altogether, the proposed method constitutes an easy solution for estimating λc, which can improve our ability to estimate Ks in the field.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125159
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titre
Coalescence of bacterial groups originating from urban runoffs and artificial infiltration systems among aquifer microbiomes
auteur
Yannick Colin, Rayan Bouchali, Laurence Marjolet, Romain Marti, Florian Vautrin, Jérémy Voisin, Emilie Bourgeois, Véronica Rodriguez-Nava, Didier Blaha, Thierry Winiarski, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Benoit Cournoyer
article
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2020, 24 (9), pp.4257-4273. ⟨10.5194/hess-24-4257-2020⟩
resume
The invasion of aquifer microbial communities by aboveground microorganisms, a phenomenon known as com- munity coalescence, is likely to be exacerbated in groundwa- ters fed by stormwater infiltration systems (SISs). Here, the incidence of this increased connectivity with upslope soils and impermeabilized surfaces was assessed through a meta- analysis of 16S rRNA gene libraries. Specifically, DNA se- quences encoding 16S rRNA V5-V6 regions from free-living and attached aquifer bacteria (i.e., water and biofilm sam- ples) were analysed upstream and downstream of a SIS and compared with those from bacterial communities from wa- tershed runoffs and surface sediments from the SIS detention and infiltration basins. Significant bacterial transfers were in- ferred by the SourceTracker Bayesian approach, with 23 % to 57 % of the aquifer bacterial biofilms being composed of taxa from aboveground sediments and urban runoffs. Sed- iments from the detention basin were found more signifi- cant contributors of taxa involved in the buildup of these biofilms than soils from the infiltration basin. Inferred taxa among the coalesced biofilm community were predicted to be high in hydrocarbon degraders such as Sphingobium and Nocardia. The 16S rRNA-based bacterial community struc- ture of the downstream-SIS aquifer waters showed lower co- alescence with aboveground taxa (8% to 38%) than those of biofilms and higher numbers of taxa predicted to be in- volved in the N and S cycles. A DNA marker named tpm enabled the tracking of bacterial species from 24 genera in- cluding Pseudomonas, Aeromonas and Xanthomonas, among these communities. Several tpm sequence types were found to be shared between the aboveground and aquifer samples. Reads related to Pseudomonas were allocated to 50 species, of which 16 were found in the aquifer samples. Several of these aquifer species were found to be involved in denitri- fication but also hydrocarbon degradation (P. aeruginosa, P. putida and P. fluorescens). Some tpm sequence types allo- cated to P. umsongensis and P. chengduensis were found to be enriched among the tpm-harbouring bacteria, respec- tively, of the aquifer biofilms and waters. Reads related to Aeromonas were allocated to 11 species, but only those from A. caviae were recovered aboveground and in the aquifer samples. Some tpm sequence types of the X. axonopodis phy- topathogen were recorded in higher proportions among the tpm-harbouring bacteria of the aquifer waters than in the aboveground samples. A significant coalescence of micro- bial communities from an urban watershed with those of an aquifer was thus observed, and recent aquifer biofilms were found to be significantly colonized by runoff-opportunistic taxa able to use urban C sources from aboveground compart- ments.
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DOI : 10.5194/hess-24-4257-2020
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The influence of bioturbation and water column oxygenation on nutrient recycling in reservoir sediments
auteur
Edwige Gautreau, Laurence Volatier, Géraldine Nogaro, Emma Gouze, Florian Mermillod-Blondin
article
Hydrobiologia, 2020, 847 (4), pp.1027-1040. ⟨10.1007/s10750-019-04166-0⟩
resume
Sediments are sinks of nutrients in reservoirs, but may also act as temporary nutrient sources to the water column, leading to eutrophication during the warm season. Several abiotic and biotic factors at the water-sediment interface are known to influence the role of sediments as temporary nutrient sources. This study aimed at quantifying the effects of two factors (i.e., oxygenation and bioturbation) on fluxes of nutrients from the water-sediment interface of the reservoir. An experimental approach was developed in the laboratory to test three fauna conditions (no fauna, presence of tubificid worms, and chironomids larvae) and three conditions of water column oxygenation (aerobic, fluctuating, and anaerobic conditions). Chironomid larvae significantly increased concentrations of N (NH4+ + NO3-) and PO43- released from sediments by 3.7-fold and by 17-fold, whereas tubificid worms had a lesser effect (twofold for N and threefold for PO43-). Anaerobic conditions increased N by 56-fold and PO43- by 102-fold compared to the aerobic treatment. Thus, anaerobic conditions produced greater N and P fluxes than fauna. Nevertheless, fauna and anoxic conditions at the water-sediment interface should not be neglected when quantifying the role of sediments on nutrient dynamics in lakes and reservoirs.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s10750-019-04166-0
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titre
Convergent evolution of olfactory and thermoregulatory capacities in small amphibious mammals
auteur
Quentin Martinez, Julien Clavel, Jacob A Esselstyn, Anang S Achmadi, Camille Grohé, Nelly Pirot, Pierre-Henri Fabre
article
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 117 (16), pp.8958-8965. ⟨10.1073/pnas.1917836117⟩
resume
Olfaction and thermoregulation are key functions for mammals. The former is critical to feeding, mating, and predator avoidance behaviors, while the latter is essential for homeothermy. Aquatic and amphibious mammals face olfactory and thermoregulatory challenges not generally encountered by terrestrial species. In mammals, the nasal cavity houses a bony system supporting soft tissues and sensory organs implicated in either olfactory or thermoregulatory functions. It is hypothesized that to cope with aquatic environments, amphibious mammals have expanded their thermoregulatory capacity at the expense of their olfactory system. We investigated the evolutionary history of this potential trade-off using a comparative dataset of three-dimensional (3D) CT scans of 189 skulls, capturing 17 independent transitions from a strictly terrestrial to an amphibious lifestyle across small mammals (Afrosoricida, Eulipotyphla, and Rodentia). We identified rapid and repeated loss of olfactory capacities synchronously associated with gains in thermoregulatory capacity in amphibious taxa sampled from across mammalian phylogenetic diversity. Evolutionary models further reveal that these convergences result from faster rates of turbinal bone evolution and release of selective constraints on the thermoregulatory-olfaction trade-off in amphibious species. Lastly, we demonstrated that traits related to vital functions evolved faster to the optimum compared to traits that are not related to vital functions.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1917836117
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Phylogenomic analyses reveal a Palaeozoic radiation and support a freshwater origin for clitellate annelids
auteur
Christer Erséus, Bronwyn Williams, Kevin Horn, Kenneth Halanych, Scott Santos, Samuel James, Michel Creuzé Des Châtelliers, Frank Anderson
article
Zoologica Scripta, 2020, 49 (5), pp.1-26. ⟨10.1111/zsc.12426⟩
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Clitellata is a major clade of Annelida comprising nearly all freshwater and terrestrial annelids as well as several marine species. We investigated clitellate phylogenetic relationships using transcriptomes sampled from 74 taxa (64 clitellates and 10 poly- chaetes), including multiple representatives of nearly all major clitellate higher taxa (Branchiobdellida, Capilloventridae, Crassiclitellata, Enchytraeidae, Haplotaxidae, Hirudinida, Lumbriculida, Moniligastridae, Naididae, Parvidrilidae, Phreodrilidae, Propappidae and Randiellidae). We used a number of filtered data matrices and phylogenetic analyses to examine the effects of data partitioning, missing data and compositional and branch-length heterogeneity and used the resulting phylogenies for divergence time estimation and ancestral habitat reconstructions. All analyses and filtering methods produced a consistent, strongly supported topology in which (a) Enchytraeidae, Hirudinida, Hirudinea (here, Branchiobdellida plus Hirudinida), Lumbriculida, Lumbriculata (Lumbriculida plus Hirudinea), Phreodrilidae and Naididae are monophyletic, (b) a Parvidrilidae + Randiellidae clade is sister to the rest of Clitellata, (c) Phreodrilidae is sister to Naididae, (d) Haplotaxidae is non-mono- phyletic, with some haplotaxids grouping with Crassiclitellata + Moniligastridae, (e) the Phreodrilidae + Naididae clade is sister to all other clitellates except Parvidrilidae + Randiellidae and Capilloventridae, and (f) Lumbriculata is sister to the Crassiclitellata + Moniligastridae + Haplotaxidae (in part) clade. Ancestral habitat reconstructions and divergence time analysis suggested that the most recent common ancestor of Clitellata lived in freshwater during the Devonian (419–359 million years ago) and that all major extant clitellate lineages arose over the next ~150 million years, with multiple lineages subsequently returning to marine habitats or invading land. This study provides a phylogenetic framework for further investi- gation of the geological, environmental and biotic forces and genomic changes that may have impacted clitellate evolution and enabled several major habitat transitions within this group.
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DOI : 10.1111/zsc.12426
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Consistent variations in personality traits and their potential for genetic improvement of biocontrol agents: Trichogramma evanescens as a case study
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Silène Lartigue, Myriam Yalaoui, Jean Belliard, Claire Caravel, Louise Jeandroz, Géraldine Groussier, Vincent Calcagno, Philippe Louâpre, F.X. Dechaume-Moncharmont, Jérôme Malausa Thibaut Moreau
article
Peer Community In Ecology, 2020, ⟨10.24072/pci.ecology.100069⟩
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DOI : 10.24072/pci.ecology.100069
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Simultaneous δ2H and δ18O analyses of water inclusions in halite with Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (OA-ICOS)
auteur
François Fourel, Christophe Lécuyer, Patrick Jame, Alexandre Guironnet, Antoine Boutier, Manon Barbier, Nigel Blamey, Uwe Brand, Philip Fralick
article
Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2020, 55, pp.e4615. ⟨10.1002/jms.4615⟩
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DOI : 10.1002/jms.4615
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GOTIT: A laboratory application software for optimizing multi‐criteria species‐based research
auteur
Florian Malard, Philippe Grison, Louis Duchemin, Lara Konecny-Dupré, Tristan Lefébure, Nathanaëlle Saclier, David Eme, Chloé Martin, Cécile Callou, Christophe Jean Douady
article
Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2020, 11, pp.159-167. ⟨10.1111/2041-210X.13307⟩
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Abstract 1. Storing, managing and sharing the ever-increasing amount of species occurrence data and biological vouchers is a cornerstone of biodiversity science. The con- vergence of morphology- and DNA-based methods for species delimitation has accentuated the need for optimizing laboratory workflow by generating new analytical processes, diversifying taxonomic reference systems and identification protocols and multiplying vouchers. Yet, laboratory information management sys- tems dedicated to multi-criteria species-based research are rare or they have not been made openly available to biodiversity professionals. 2. We developed GOTIT (Gene Occurrence and Taxa in Integrative Taxonomy), a database structure and web application for optimizing productivity at various steps of a laboratory's workflow including research project design, sampling gap analysis, sampling planning, species identification, DNA sequencing, information sharing and contributing data to global biodiversity facilities. GOTIT manages the different steps of a species-occurrence data production process from sampling to sequencing, the storage of specimen lots, slides and DNA extracts and their assignment to morphology-based and DNA-based species hypotheses. The appli- cation also accommodates species occurrence data and DNA sequence metadata from external sources and the bibliographic referencing of information. 3. GOTIT is designed to optimize research activities on the diversity and evolution of species which have a strong geographic component, such as biogeography and phylogeography. A key feature of GOTIT is the ability to assign multiple species hypotheses based on morphology and molecular delimitation methods to the same set of specimens. This integrative taxonomic approach allows to explore how different aspects of speciation, such as morphological distinguishability and genetic isolation, vary in strength relative to each other across taxa and geo- graphic regions. Another key feature is traceability which promotes repeatability and minimizes duplicate work among multiple users. Any species data refer to a set of localities, sampling methods, biological vouchers, analytical protocols and delimitation methods that can be traced. 4. The application is free and open-source with extensive documentation and demo version. Developers can reuse the source code or develop new add-ons to fulfill a laboratory's specific requirements although the application can be used as such to manage species occurrence data for a wide range of taxa.
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DOI : 10.1111/2041-210X.13307
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δ 15 N values in plants are determined by both nitrate assimilation and circulation
auteur
Jing Cui, Emmanuelle Lamade, François Fourel, Guillaume Tcherkez
article
New Phytologist, 2020, 226 (6), pp.1696-1707. ⟨10.1111/nph.16480⟩
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Nitrogen (N) assimilation is associated with 14N/15N fractionation such that plant tissues are generally 15N‐depleted compared to source nitrate. In addition to nitrate concentration, the δ15N value in plants is also influenced by isotopic heterogeneity amongst organs and metabolites. However, our current understanding of δ15N values in nitrate is limited by the relatively small number of compound‐specific data. We extensively measured δ15N in nitrate at different time points, in sunflower and oil palm grown at fixed nitrate concentration, with nitrate circulation being varied using potassium (K) conditions and waterlogging. There were strong interorgan δ15N differences for contrasting situations between the two species, and a high 15N‐enrichment in root nitrate. Modelling shows that this 15N‐enrichment can be explained by nitrate circulation and compartmentalisation whereby despite a numerically small flux value, the backflow of nitrate to roots via the phloem can lead to a c. 30‰ difference between leaves and roots. Accordingly, waterlogging and low K conditions, which down‐regulate sap circulation, cause a decrease in the leaf‐to‐root isotopic difference. Our study thus suggests that plant δ15N can be used as a natural tracer of N fluxes between organs and highlights the potential importance of δ15N of circulating phloem nitrate.
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DOI : 10.1111/nph.16480
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Mitochondrial Costs of Being Hot: Effects of Acute Thermal Change on Liver Bioenergetics in Toads (Bufo bufo)
auteur
Damien Roussel, Yann Voituron
article
Frontiers in Physiology, 2020, 11 (153), pp.1-10. ⟨10.3389/fphys.2020.00153⟩
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DOI : 10.3389/fphys.2020.00153
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Aquatic invertebrates describers of kart-river interactions. Example of the Ceze River
auteur
Pierre Marmonier, Michel Creuzé Des Châtelliers, Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Anne Johannet, Jordan Ré-Bahuaud, Hervé Chapuis, Didier Graillot, Laurent Cadilhac
article
Karstologia, 2020, 75, pp.51 à 58
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The aquatic fauna that lives in the karstic systems related to the Cèze River canyon was studied in two habitats (6 caves and 4 springs) together with the hyporheic fauna of the river (fauna living inside sediment interstices). The karstic fauna was poorly diversified, but probably under-estimate. The spatial heterogeneity was high between caves, between habitats (caves versus springs) and between micro-habitats inside a single cave. At the scale of the micro-habitat, the clay was more densely populated possibly because it represents at the same time a habitat for bioturbators and a source of food. The exchange between the caves and the springs were weak and only a few karstic species drift to the hyporheic habitat of the river. These organisms may represent good indicators of the origin of the hyporheic water and help for the choices in protection strategies.
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Responses of the species complex Fallopia × bohemica to single-metal contaminations to Cd, Cr or Zn: growth traits, metal accumulation and secondary metabolism
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Louise Barberis, Wilfried Chevalier, Marie-Laure Toussaint, Philippe Binet, Florence Piola, Serge Michalet
article
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2020, 192 (11:673), ⟨10.1007/s10661-020-08627-1⟩
resume
Plant responses to heavy metals and their storage constitute a crucial step to understand the envi- ronmental impacts of metallic trace elements (MTEs). In controlled experiments, we previously demonstrated the tolerance and resilience of Japanese knotweed to soil artificial polymetallic contamination. Using the same experimental design, we tested here the effect of three individual MTEs on Fallopia × bohemica performance traits. Rhizome fragments from three different sites (considered as distinct morphotypes) were grown in a greenhouse for 1 month on a prairial soil artificially contaminated with either Cd, Cr (VI) or Zn at concen- trations corresponding to relatively highly polluted soils. Our results confirmed the high tolerance of Bohe- mian knotweed to metal stress, though, plant response to MTE pollution was dependant on MTE identity. Bohe- mian knotweed was stimulated by Cr (VI) (increased root and aerial masses), did not display any measurable change in performance traits under Cd at the high dose of 10 mg kg-1, and uptook all MTEs in its rhizome, but only Zn was transferred to its aerial parts. We also highlighted changes in root secondary metabolism that were more accentuated with Zn, including the increase of anthraquinone, stilbene and biphenyl derivatives. These results compared to multi-contamination experi- ments previously published suggest complex interac- tions between metals and plant, depending principally on metal identity and also suggest a potential role of soil microbes in the interactions.
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DOI : 10.1007/s10661-020-08627-1
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Hissing like a snake: bird hisses are similar to snake hisses and prompt similar anxiety behavior in a mammalian model
auteur
Mylène Dutour, Laurène Lévy, Thierry Lengagne, Marie-Jeanne Holveck, Pierre-André Crochet, Philippe Perret, Claire Doutrelant, Arnaud Grégoire
article
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2020, 74 (1), pp.1. ⟨10.1007/s00265-019-2778-5⟩
resume
Batesian mimicry refers to a harmless species protecting itself from predators by mimicking a harmful species. A case of acoustic Batesian mimicry has been proposed in the naturalist literature: it is suspected that birds called like a snake when disturbed in their cavities to deter mammalian predators or repel competitors. To evaluate this hypothesis, we first test the assumption that the hissing sound produced by adult females of a wild cavity-nesting species – the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) – is acoustically similar to the hisses of three wild sympatric snake species. Then, we tested one prediction of this hypothesis which is that the receiver of the signal should react similarly to the snake and bird hisses. To do so, we used, hiss-naïve individuals, without any past experience with predators: the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus), representing a model of a possible nest competitor. We quantified mouse responses to blue tit and snake hisses and two non-hiss sounds (other blue tit vocalizations and human voices). Our results show that snake hisses and blue tit hisses are structurally more similar to each other than to other blue tit vocalizations and that both hisses provoke comparable levels of anxiety behavior in mice. Taken together, these results are compatible with the hypothesis that blue tits have evolved to mimic the sound of snakes, i.e., the Batesian mimicry hypothesis. We also note however that our results also agree with another hypothesis, suggesting that mechanisms underlying the production and perception of hisses are conserved across vertebrates. Further research is needed to disentangle these two hypotheses.
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DOI : 10.1007/s00265-019-2778-5
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Trophic selectivity in aquatic isopods increases with the availability of resources
auteur
Clémentine François, Laurent Simon, Florian Malard, Tristan Lefébure, Christophe Jean Douady, Florian Mermillod-Blondin
article
Functional Ecology, 2020, 34, pp.1078-1090. ⟨10.1111/1365-2435.13530⟩
resume
Abstract 1. Trophic selectivity has major influences on consumers’ fitness, stability of predator and prey populations, and nutrient fluxes in food webs. Trophic selectivity occurs when the relative abundances of resources in a consumer's diet differ from their relative abundances in the environment. This discrepancy between resources abun- dance and use has been predicted to increase with the availability of resources in the environment. Trophic selectivity has also been predicted to increase with the heterogeneity of resources quality in the environment. Despite their ecological and evolutionary implications, conclusive in situ tests of these predictions are still lacking. 2. We challenged these two predictions by studying 15 closely related species of isopods distributed along a wide range of resource availability (RA) (from 1.3 to 57.6 g of organic carbon per m2). The dataset ranged from deep cave systems, considered as some of the most resource-limited environments on Earth, to highly productive surface streams. 3. Foreachspecies,wequantifiedtherelativeabundanceofallavailableresourcesinthe environment and estimated the heterogeneity in the stoichiometric quality of these resources. Isopod diet was determined using C and N stable isotopes and a Bayesian mixing model. The degree of trophic selectivity was then calculated for each species. 4. By coupling a standardized quantification of trophic resources with a fine deter- mination of diets using stable isotopes, we uncovered a positive relationship be- tween RA and trophic selectivity. In contrast to our second prediction, trophic selectivity did not correlate with the heterogeneity of resources quality. 5. Our results have important implications in trophic ecology by highlighting that RA was a main driver of trophic choices in aquatic invertebrates across a broad range of environments. These findings call for further evaluation of the mechanisms (e.g. trophic competition) causing the positive relationship between trophic selec- tivity and RA, as these mechanisms could be closely linked to those generating the documented relationship between species richness and productive energy.
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DOI : 10.1111/1365-2435.13530
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New middle and late Smithian ammonoid faunas from the Utah/Arizona border: new evidence for calibrating Early Triassic transgressive-regressive trends and paleobiogeographical signals in the western USA basin.
auteur
Arnaud Brayard, Nicolas Olivier, Emmanuelle Vennin, James F. Jenks, Kevin G. Bylund, Daniel A. Stephen, Dawn Mcshinsky, Nicolas Goudemand, Emmanuel Fara, Gilles Escarguel
article
Global and Planetary Change, 2020, 192, pp.103251. ⟨10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103251⟩
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New Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoid assemblages were sampled near the Utah/Arizona border. They provide several spatiotemporal constraints on the regional Sinbad Formation showing that the extent of the Smithian sea in the southwestern-most part of the western USA basin is larger than previously expected, reaching northern Arizona and an area just east of Kanab in Kane County, Utah. This southwestern-most excursion of the sea in the western USA basin is part of the third order Smithian transgression-regression cycle, which is well-documented worldwide. These new spatiotemporal constraints also indicate that the Sinbad Formation spans the late middle to early late Smithian time interval in the studied area. The observed transgressive trend corresponds to the warm temperatures of the middle-early late Smithian and the regressive trend to the cooling phase spanning the Smithian-Spathian transition. Thus, the Sinbad Formation and its marine deposits are the direct result of global climatic fluctuations and related sea-level changes that occurred from the late middle Smithian to the Smithian-Spathian transition. This highlights the importance of the Sinbad Formation in untangling local and global changes occurring around the late Smithian, and thus in overcoming a major obstacle to the understanding of the biotic recovery after the Permian/Triassic boundary mass extinction. This also indirectly confirms that the western USA basin is a key area containing essential information for the understanding of the Early Triassic events. The taxonomic richness of late middle Smithian assemblages is much lower in the studied area than in the more northern localities. However, the occurring taxa confirm the known regional to global distribution of Smithian ammonoids, witnessing the major global environmental changes from the middle Smithian to the early Spathian.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103251
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Trajectories of technogenic tritium in the Rhône River (France)
auteur
Amandine Morereau, Hugo Lepage, David Claval, Catherine Cossonnet, Jean-Paul Ambrosi, Brice Mourier, Thierry Winiarski, Yoann Copard, Frederique Eyrolle
article
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2020, 223-224, pp.106370. ⟨10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106370⟩
resume
Tritium is a radioisotope of hydrogen with a half-life of 12.32 years and was used for its luminescent properties by the watchmaking industry from 1962 to the 2008. Tritiated luminescent salts were integrated in the paints applied on the index and dial of watches and clocks. French and Swiss watchmaking workshops used more than 28 000 TBq of tritium over this period of time and produced almost 350 million watches. Despite the end of tritiated salts use in watchmaking workshops in 1992 in France and 2008 in Switzerland, high level of organically bound tritium (OBT) are still observed in sediments of the Rhône River downstream the Lake Geneva. Contamination of the Rhône River by tritiated hot particles since 1962 up to nowadays remains poorly documented. In order to assess the long term behavior and fate of technogenic tritium in this river and its trajectories in the river system, two sediment cores were collected at the upstream (UC) and downstream (DC) part of the Rhône River in France and OBT contents were determined. For both sedimentary cores, maximum OBT contents were registered over the 1980s when tritium was intensively used by watchmaking industries. These residual OBT contents are 1 000 to 10 000 fold higher than current natural background levels in riverine sediments. The OBT contents progressively decreased since 1989 with close effective half-life in upstream and downstream area (5 ± 2 years). The OBT contents were lower in DC than in UC due to the dilution by uncontaminated sediments delivered by tributaries not affected by the watchmaking industries. Trajectories analysis indicates that the resiliency of the Rhône River system in regards to this contamination would be reached in 14 to 70 years and in 14 to 28 years respectively for the upstream and downstream part of the river.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106370
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Apport de l'analyse multi-isotopes pour l'authentification des huiles essentielles
auteur
Aurélien Cuchet, Patrick Jame, Anthony Anchisi, François Fourel, Jean-Claude Lefèvre, Christine Oberlin, Elise Carénini, Hervé Casabianca
article
Annales des falsifications, de l'expertise chimique et toxicologique, 2020, 992, pp.58-70
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δ2H of water from fluid inclusions in Proterozoic halite: Evidence for a deuterium-depleted hydrosphere?
auteur
Christophe Lécuyer, François Fourel, Nigel Blamey, Uwe Brand, Philip Fralick
article
Chemical Geology, 2020, 541, pp.119583. ⟨10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119583⟩
resume
δ2H were measured in water present in tiny primary fluid inclusions trapped in Mesoproterozoic (≈1.4 Ga) and Neoproterozoic (≈0.8 Ga) halite crystals. While the hydrogen concentrations range from 300 to 1500 ppm for the whole sample collection, δ2H values range from −74‰ to −54‰ (VSMOW) for the Mesoproterozoic halite sampled from the Sibley Group, Ontario, Canada, and from −89 to −38‰ for the Neoproterozoic halite from the Browne Formation, Officer Basin, Australia. The amount of evaporation required to precipitate halite is accompanied by a deuterium-enrichment of 30‰ to 90‰. It means that the original aqueous solutions had δ2H values comprised between −140‰ and −90‰. Considering the estimated tropical paleolatitudes for both depositional environments, surface waters were most likely significantly deuterium-depleted relative to modern ones. If such interpretation is partly at variance with the geological record, it could be reconciliated with some modelling outputs of the long-term water cycle. Indeed, several mechanisms produce a progressive deuterium-enrichment of the oceans. Those identified so far are the addition of deuterium-rich extraterrestrial water (cometary dust), the loss of H during water photodissociation by ultraviolet radiation in the upper atmosphere, and the isotopic fractionation that takes place during the hydroxylation of nominally-anhydrous mantle rock-forming minerals. We also propose that the major process able to shift through time the δ2Η of the hydrosphere is the reduction of H2O into H2 during the serpentinization of mantle rocks at mid-ocean ridges.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119583
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Wonky whales: the evolution of cranial asymmetry in cetaceans
auteur
Ellen Coombs, Julien Clavel, Travis Park, Morgan Churchill, Anjali Goswami
article
BMC Biology, 2020, 18 (1), pp.1-24. ⟨10.1186/s12915-020-00805-4⟩
resume
Background: Unlike most mammals, toothed whale (Odontoceti) skulls lack symmetry in the nasal and facial (nasofacial) region. This asymmetry is hypothesised to relate to echolocation, which may have evolved in the earliest diverging odontocetes. Early cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) such as archaeocetes, namely the protocetids and basilosaurids, have asymmetric rostra, but it is unclear when nasofacial asymmetry evolved during the transition from archaeocetes to modern whales. We used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods to reconstruct the evolution of asymmetry in the skulls of 162 living and extinct cetaceans over 50 million years. Results: In archaeocetes, we found asymmetry is prevalent in the rostrum and also in the squamosal, jugal, and orbit, possibly reflecting preservational deformation. Asymmetry in odontocetes is predominant in the nasofacial region. Mysticetes (baleen whales) show symmetry similar to terrestrial artiodactyls such as bovines. The first significant shift in asymmetry occurred in the stem odontocete family Xenorophidae during the Early Oligocene. Further increases in asymmetry occur in the physeteroids in the Late Oligocene, Squalodelphinidae and Platanistidae in the Late Oligocene/Early Miocene, and in the Monodontidae in the Late Miocene/Early Pliocene. Additional episodes of rapid change in odontocete skull asymmetry were found in the Mid-Late Oligocene, a period of rapid evolution and diversification. No high-probability increases or jumps in asymmetry were found in mysticetes or archaeocetes. Unexpectedly, no increases in asymmetry were recovered within the highly asymmetric ziphiids, which may result from the extreme, asymmetric shape of premaxillary crests in these taxa not being captured by landmarks alone. Conclusions: Early ancestors of living whales had little cranial asymmetry and likely were not able to echolocate. Archaeocetes display high levels of asymmetry in the rostrum, potentially related to directional hearing, which is lost in early neocetes—the taxon including the most recent common ancestor of living cetaceans. Nasofacial asymmetry becomes a significant feature of Odontoceti skulls in the Early Oligocene, reaching its highest levels in extant taxa. Separate evolutionary regimes are reconstructed for odontocetes living in acoustically complex environments, suggesting that these niches impose strong selective pressure on echolocation ability and thus increased cranial asymmetry.
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DOI : 10.1186/s12915-020-00805-4
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titre
Fluctuating Dynamics of Mate Availability Promote the Evolution of Flexible Choosiness in Both Sexes
auteur
Louise Chevalier, Jacques Labonne, Matthias Galipaud, Francois-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont
article
The American Naturalist, 2020, 196 (6), pp.730-742. ⟨10.1086/711417⟩
resume
The evolution of choosiness has a strong effect on sexual selection, as it promotes variance in mating success among individuals. The context in which choosiness is expressed, and therefore the associated gain and cost, is highly variable. An overlooked mechanism by current models is the rapid fluctuations in the availability and quality of partners, which generates a dynamic mating market to which each individual must optimally respond. We argue that the rapid fluctuations of the mating market are central to the evolution of optimal choosiness. Using a dynamic game approach, we investigate this hypothesis for various mating systems (characterized by different adult sex ratio and latency period combinations), allowing feedback between the choosiness and partner availability throughout a breeding season while taking into account the fine variation in individual quality. Our results indicate that quality-dependent and flexible choosiness usually evolve in both sexes for various mating systems and that a significant amount of variance in choosiness is observed, especially in males, even when courtship is costly. Accounting for the fluctuating dynamics of the mating market therefore allows envisioning a much wider range of choosiness variation in natural populations and may explain a number of recent empirical results regarding choosiness in the less common sex or its variance within sexes
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DOI : 10.1086/711417
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No evidence for a loss of genetic diversity despite a strong decline in size of a European population of the CorncrakeCrex crex
auteur
Yoan Fourcade, David S Richardson, Jean Secondi
article
Bird Conservation International, 2020, 30 (2), pp.260 - 266. ⟨10.1017/s0959270919000327⟩
resume
The preservation of genetic diversity is an important aspect of conservation biology. Low genetic diversity within a population can lead to inbreeding depression and a reduction in adaptive potential, which may increase extinction risk. Here we report changes in genetic diversity over 12 years in a declining population of the Corncrake Crex crex, a grassland bird species of high conservation concern throughout Europe. Despite a twofold demographic decline during the same period, we found no evidence for a reduction of genetic diversity. The gradual genetic differentiation observed among populations of Corncrake across Europe suggests that genetic diversity is maintained in western populations by constant gene flow from the larger and more productive populations in eastern Europe and Asia. The maintenance of genetic diversity in this species is an opportunity that may help the implementation of effective conservation actions across the Corncrake's European range.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1017/s0959270919000327
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https://hal.u-pec.fr/hal-03820247/file/no-evidence-for-a-loss-of-genetic-diversity-despite-a-strong-decline-in-size-of-a-european-population-of-the-corncrake-crex-crex.pdf BibTex
titre
Artificial light at night alters the sexual behaviour and fertilisation success of the common toad
auteur
Morgane Touzot, Thierry Lengagne, Jean Secondi, Emmanuel Desouhant, Marc Thery, Adeline Dumet, Claude H. B. Duchamp, Nathalie Mondy
article
Environmental Pollution, 2020, 259, pp.113883. ⟨10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113883⟩
resume
Artificial Light At Night (ALAN) is an emerging pollution, that dramatically keeps on increasing worldwide due to urbanisation and transport infrastructure development. In 2016, it nearly affected 23% of the Earth’s surface. To date, all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have been affected. The disruption of natural light cycles due to ALAN is particularly expected for nocturnal species, which require dark periods to forage, move, and reproduce. Apart from chiropterans, amphibians contain the largest proportion of nocturnal species among vertebrates exhibiting an unfavourable conservation status in most parts of the world and living in ALAN polluted areas. Despite the growing number of studies on this subject, our knowledge on the direct influence of nocturnal lighting on amphibians is still scarce. To better understand the consequences of ALAN on the breeding component of amphibian fitness, we experimentally exposed male breeding common toads (Bufo bufo) to ecologically relevant light intensities of 0.01 (control), 0.1 or 5 lux for 12 days. At mating, exposed males took longer than controls to form an amplexus, i.e. to pair with a female, and broke amplexus before egg laying, while controls never did. These behavioural changes were associated with fitness alteration. The fertilisation rate of 5 lux-exposed males was reduced by 25%. Salivary testosterone, which is usually correlated with reproductive behaviours, was not altered by ALAN. Our study demonstrates that ALAN can affect the breeding behaviour of anuran species and reduce one component of their fitness. Given the growing importance of ALAN, more work is needed to understand its long-term consequences on the behaviour and physiology of individuals. It appears essential to identify deleterious effects for animal populations and propose appropriate management solutions in an increasingly brighter world.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113883
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https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-02551696/file/article5.pdf BibTex
titre
Interpretation of interannual variability in long-term aquatic ecological surveys
auteur
Sophie Cauvy-Fraunié, Verena Trenkel, Martin Daufresne, Anthony Maire, Hervé Capra, Jean Michel Olivier, Jérémy Lobry, Bernard Cazelles, Nicolas Lamouroux
article
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2020, 77 (5), pp.894-903. ⟨10.1139/cjfas-2019-0146⟩
resume
Long-term ecological surveys (LTES) often exhibit strong variability among sampling dates. The use and interpretation of such interannual variability is challenging due to the combination of multiple processes involved and sampling uncertainty. Here, we analysed the interannual variability in ~30 years of species-density (fish and invertebrate) and environmental observation time series in four aquatic-systems (stream, river, estuary, and marine continental shelf) with different sampling efforts to identify the information provided by this variability. We tested, using two empirical methods, whether we could observe simultaneous fluctuation between detrended time series corresponding to widely acknowledged assumptions about aquatic population dynamics: spatial effects, cohort effects, and environmental effects. We found a low number of significant results (36, 9, 0% for spatial, cohort, and environmental effects), suggesting that sampling uncertainty overrode the effects of biological processes. Our study does not question the relevance of LTES for detecting important trends, but clearly indicated that the statistical power to interpret interannual variations in aquatic-species densities is low, especially in large systems where the degree of sampling effort is always limited.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1139/cjfas-2019-0146
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02493153/file/70293.pdf BibTex
titre
Enhancing DNA metabarcoding performance and applicability with bait capture enrichment and DNA from conservative ethanol
auteur
Maïlys Gauthier, Lara Konecny-Dupré, Agnès Nguyen, Vasco Elbrecht, T. Datry, Christophe Jean Douady, Tristan Lefébure
article
Molecular Ecology Resources, 2020, 20 (79-96), pp.79-96. ⟨10.1111/1755-0998.13088⟩
resume
Metabarcoding is often presented as an alternative identification tool to compensate for coarse taxonomic resolution and misidentification encountered with traditional morphological approaches. However, metabarcoding comes with two major impediments which slow down its adoption. First, the picking and destruction of organisms for DNA extraction are time and cost consuming and do not allow organism conservation for further evaluations. Second, current metabarcoding protocols include a PCR enrichment step which induces errors in the estimation of species diversity and relative biomasses. In this study, we first evaluated the capacity of capture enrichment to replace PCR enrichment using controlled freshwater macrozoobenthos mock communities. Then, we tested if DNA extracted from the fixative ethanol (etDNA) of the same mock communities can be used as an alternative to DNA extracted from pools of whole organisms (bulk DNA). We show that capture enrichment provides more reliable and accurate representation of species occurrences and relative biomasses in comparison with PCR enrichment for bulk DNA. While etDNA does not permit to estimate relative biomasses, etDNA and bulk DNA provide equivalent species detection rates. Thanks to its robustness to mismatches, capture enrichment is already an efficient alternative to PCR enrichment for metabarcoding and, if coupled to etDNA, is a time‐saver option in studies where presence information only is sufficient.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1111/1755-0998.13088
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titre
Bottom-up processes control benthic macroinvertebrate communities and food web structure of fishless artificial wetlands
auteur
Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Pierre Marmonier, Mélissa Tenaille, Damien Lemoine, Michel Lafont, Ross Vander Vorste, Laurent Simon, Laurence Volatier
article
Aquatic Ecology, 2020, 54, pp.575-589. ⟨10.1007/s10452-020-09760-2⟩
resume
In freshwater environments, the relative contributions of top-down and bottom-up effects on invertebrate communities in relation to productivity are largely ecosystem dependent. Artificial wetlands are increasingly developed to compensate for the loss of natural wetlands; however, their trophic processes remain poorly studied. The present study aimed to evaluate the respective contributions of bottom-up and top-down processes in structuring benthic food webs of three artificial wetlands with varying levels of benthic primary productivity. We found that phototrophic-based food webs in our artificial wetlands were controlled from the bottom-up by primary productivity and algal biomass developing at the water-sediment interface. No significant top-down control of herbivore species by invertebrate predators was detected even in the wetland with the highest productivity. Increased richness of invertebrate grazers and scrapers with benthic primary productivity and algal biomass might have dampened the trophic cascade from predators to primary producers. In contrast with the phototrophic-based food web, analyses performed on the detritus-based food web showed that deposit-feeder invertebrate abundance was not correlated with the quantity of organic matter in sediments, suggesting no bottom-up effect of sedimentary organic matter content on deposit-feeders. More surprisingly, deposit-feeders, especially aquatic oligochaetes, seemed to influence the detritus-based food webs by stimulating organic matter processing and bacterial growth through bioturbation. The present study highlights the occurrence of contrasting trophic processes between phototrophic-based and detritus-based food webs which can have implications on ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling and energy fluxes;
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s10452-020-09760-2
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02515841/file/MermillodBlondin_AquaticEcology_v1.pdf BibTex
titre
Experimental evidence for the decline of submerged vegetation in freshwater ecosystems by the invasive Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
auteur
Jonas Schoelynck, Jan-Willem Wolters, Johannes Teuchies, Natacha Brion, Sara Puijalon, Dante Horemans, Heleen Keirsebelik, Lieven Bervoets, Ronny Blust, Patrick Meire
article
Biological Invasions, 2020, 22 (2), pp.627-641. ⟨10.1007/s10530-019-02118-2⟩
resume
The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is a damaging invader which is designated as a species of Union Concern within the European Union. A negative impact of the crabs on macrophyte vegetation in lowland rivers is suspected but not yet proven or quantified. We have performed a mesocosm study that combines a density gradient of Chinese mitten crabs (0, 0.3, 1.0 and 2.5 ind. m−2) with chemical stress (2350 µg EDTA L−1 + 258 µg glyphosate L−1) or light limitation stress (− 70% irradiance compared to control) on water plants (Myriophyllum spicatum). The results clearly demonstrate that the crabs are capable of removing plant shoots effectively which can lead to a complete elimination of the vegetation. Generally, the higher the crab density, the sooner the plants started to disappear and the sooner the vegetation was completely removed. Additional light and chemical stress accelerated this process: plant disappearance at a crab density of 0.3 ind. m−2 compared to 1.0 ind. m−2 in the control treatments. Video recording, plant strength and crab pinch strength measurements and stable isotope signatures of δ13C and δ15N in the Chinese mitten crabs and their possible food sources showed that directly eating the plants is causing only minor damage to the plants. Most damage comes from the movement of the crabs and crab–crab interactions during which they use their chelae to grasp the shoots. We conclude that a decline of vegetation as a consequence of Chinese mitten crab behaviour can be a realistic scenario in freshwater ecosystems and warrants close attention and monitoring. Being primary producers and ecological engineers, macrophytes are key species in these ecosystems, whose services are lost when they disappear and are difficult to restore.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s10530-019-02118-2
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-02353652/file/Schoelynck2020-BiolInvasions-HAL.pdf BibTex
titre
Who is eating fructose within the Aedes albopictus gut microbiota?
auteur
Morgane Guégan, Van van Tran, Edwige Martin, Guillaume Minard, Florence Hélène Tran, Benjamin Fel, Anne-Emmanuelle Hay, Laurent Simon, ​mohamed Barakat, Patrick Potier, Feth El Zahar Haichar, Claire Valiente Moro
article
Environmental Microbiology, 2020, 22 (4), pp.1193-1206. ⟨10.1111/1462-2920.14915⟩
resume
The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is a major public health concern because of its invasive success and its ability to transmit pathogens. Given the low availability of treatments against mosquito-borne dis- eases, vector control remains the most suitable strat- egy. The methods used thus far are becoming less effective, but recent strategies have emerged from the study of mosquito-associated microorganisms. Although the role of the microbiota in insect biology does not require further proof, much remains to be deciphered in mosquitoes, especially the contribution of the microbiota to host nutrient metabolism. Mosqui- toes feed on plant nectar, composed of mostly fruc- tose. We used stable isotope probing to identify bacteria and fungi assimilating fructose within the gut of Ae. albopictus. Mosquitoes were fed a 13C-labelled fructose solution for 24 h. Differences in the active microbial community according to the sex of mosqui- toes were highlighted. The bacterium Lelliottia and the fungi Cladosporium and Aspergillus dominated the active microbiota in males, whereas the bacterium Ampullimonas and the yeast Cyberlindnera were the most active in females. This study is the first to investi- gate trophic interactions between Ae. albopictus and its microbiota, thus underscoring the importance of the microbial component in nectar feeding in mosquitoes.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1111/1462-2920.14915
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