2021
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- titre
- Typification of 14 names in the Dianthus virgineus group (Caryophyllaceae)
- auteur
- Gianniantonio Domina, Giovanni Astuti, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Giulio Barone, Ivana Rešetnik, Ana Terlević, Melanie Thiébaut, Lorenzo Peruzzi
- article
- PhytoKeys, 2021, 187, pp.1-14. ⟨10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534⟩
- resume
- The nomenclature of 14 taxa from Central and Southern Europe within the Dianthus virgineus group is discussed. Dianthus aggericola Jord., D. collivagus Jord., D. consimilis Jord., D. orophilus Jord., D. saxicola Jord., D. juratensis Jord. are here lectotypified by specimens from the Jordan herbarium in LY, while D. godronianus Jord. by a specimen in P. Dianthus subacaulis Vill. is neotypified by a specimen collected on Mont Ventoux (S. France) and housed in MPU. For D. sylvestris Wulfen, a lectotype is here designated and its previous neotypification is discussed. Dianthus caryophyllus var. tenuifolius Moris, D. caryophyllus f. minor Moris and D. sylvestris var. garganicus Ten. are lectotypified by specimens housed in herbarium Moris (TO) and herbarium Tenore (K). Dianthus virgineus var. tergestinus Rchb. is lectotypified by a drawing from the Icones florae Germanicae & Helveticae , while D. contractus var. evolutus Lojac. is neotypified by a specimen in P. For each taxon the currently accepted name is provided including new synonymies. The type indication is followed by nomenclatural and taxonomic notes, in which the original material found is commented and the reasons for the identification of the types are discussed.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.3897/phytokeys.187.75534
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- titre
- Comment on “An early Miocene extinction in pelagic sharks”
- auteur
- I. Feichtinger, S. Adnet, G. Cuny, G. Guinot, J. Kriwet, T.A. Neubauer, J. Pollerspöck, K. Shimada, N. Straube, C. Underwood, Romain Vullo, M. Harzhauser
- article
- Science, 2021, 374 (6573), ⟨10.1126/science.abk0632⟩
- resume
- Sibert and Rubin (Reports, 4 June 2021, p. 1105) claim to have identified a previously unidentified, major extinction event of open-ocean sharks in the early Miocene. We argue that their interpretations are based on an experimental design that does not account for a considerable rise in the sedimentation rate coinciding with the proposed event, nor for intraspecific variation in denticle morphology.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1126/science.abk0632
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- titre
- Phylogenetic implications of the systematic reassessment of Xenacanthiformes and ‘Ctenacanthiformes’ (Chondrichthyes) neurocrania from the Carboniferous–Permian Autun Basin (France)
- auteur
- Vincent Luccisano, Mizuki Rambert-Natsuaki, Gilles Cuny, Romain Amiot, Jean-Marc Pouillon, Alan Pradel
- article
- Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2021, 19 (23), pp.1623-1642. ⟨10.1080/14772019.2022.2073279⟩
- resume
- Four complete isolated neurocrania excavated during the nineteenth century in the Autun Basin (Sa^one-et-Loire, France) were used by Heyler & Poplin (1982) to erect two species: the symmoriiform Bibractopiscis niger and the xenacanthiform Orthacanthus commailli. However, the specimens have not been mechanically prepared and only a portion of their anatomy is available, complicating their systematic attribution. We revise their systematic status by using X-ray computed microtomography and new comparative material from the Bourbon l’Archambault Basin (Allier, France). This method allows access to the hidden anatomy of the specimens and new systematic revision: we propose O. commailli to be left in open nomenclature as ?Xenacanthimorpha. The specimens attributed to B. niger encompass two distinct morphologies: the holotype, one paratype and a neurocranium from the Bourbon l’Archambault Basin are identified as cf. Triodus sp. The last paratype is left in open nomenclature as ‘Ctenacanthiformes’ indet. We included these neurocrania in geometric morphometric and cladistic analyses of a large sample of Palaeozoic chondrichthyans. Based on the results we propose an evolutionary scenario for the neurocranial transition between the orders ‘Ctenacanthiformes’ and Xenacanthiformes. This transition mostly affects the ethmo-orbital region. The revision of the diversity of these chondrichthyan faunas calls into question potential differences in trophic structures between the different European Carboniferous–Permian basins.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1080/14772019.2022.2073279
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- titre
- Are acts of selective planting and maintenance drivers for vegetation change in stormwater systems? A case study of two infiltration basins
- auteur
- Jean-Philippe Bedell, Marie Hechelski, Muriel Saulais, Laurent Lassabatere
- article
- Ecological Engineering, 2021, 172, pp.106400. ⟨10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106400⟩
- resume
- Infiltration basins have been designed to receive and infiltrate stormwater. Upstream, the stormwater runs off urban surfaces, is collected by the sewer system, and then routed to infiltration basins. Then, the suspended solids carried by stormwater accumulate at the surface and form a sedimentary layer. Plants then colonize the soil surface and shape a new ecological system, ruling at the same time water quality and quantity. In this study, we monitored the dynamics of vegetation over two decades in two infiltration basins. One of these basins was subjected to vegetation maintenance (planting and mowing once every year), whereas the other basin was left to be colonized by spontaneous vegetation. Basic maintenance (1/year) may change the species at the beginning of the operation of the basins, but the impact is short term. However, this may be sufficient to prevent the growth of some invasive species. In the long term, spontaneous vegetation and water regimes turn the original ecosystem into a new one, combining initial planted species with new species. Our results show that the water regime seems to be the main factor controlling vegetation and that dry conditions allow the establishment of grasslands with typical plant species. Vegetation maintenance and the management of water levels may help prevent the establishment of invasive species and maintain species for the optimal functioning of infiltration basins.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106400
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- titre
- BEST-WR: An adapted algorithm for the hydraulic characterization of hydrophilic and water-repellent soils
- auteur
- Simone Di Prima, Ryan D Stewart, Majdi R Abou Najm, Ludmila Ribeiro Roder, Filippo Giadrossich, Sergio Campus, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, Deniz Yilmaz, Pier Paolo Roggero, Mario Pirastru, Laurent Lassabatere, Pier Paolo Roggero
- article
- Journal of Hydrology, 2021, 603, pp.126936. ⟨10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126936⟩
- resume
- Water-repellent soils usually experience water flow impedance during the early stage of a wetting process fol- lowed by progressive increase of infiltration rate. Current infiltration models are not formulated to describe this peculiar process. Similarly, simplified methods of soil hydraulic characterization (e.g., BEST) are not equipped to handle water-repellent soils. Here, we present an adaptation of the BEST method, named BEST-WR, for the hydraulic characterization of soils at any stage of water-repellency. We modified the Haverkamp explicit tran- sient infiltration model, included in BEST for modeling infiltration data, by embedding a scaling factor describing the rate of attenuation of infiltration rate due to water repellency. The new model was validated using analyt- ically generated data, involving soils with different texture and a dataset that included data from 60 single-ring infiltration tests. The scaling factor was used as a new index to assess soil water repellency in a Mediterranean wooded grassland, where the scattered evergreen oak trees induced more noticeable water repellency under the canopies as compared to the open spaces. The new index produced results in line with those obtained using the water drop penetration time test, which is one of the most widely test applied for quantifying soil water repellency persistence. Finally, we used BEST-WR to determine the hydraulic characteristic curves under both hydrophilic and hydrophobic conditions.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126936
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- titre
- Promoting a standardized description of fossil tracheidoxyls
- auteur
- Anais A Boura, Marion Bamford, Marc Philippe
- article
- Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2021, 295, pp.104525. ⟨10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104525⟩
- resume
- The paleoxylology of coniferous woods has progressed considerably since Kräusel's last (incomplete) synthesis in 1949. Nomenclatural practice has slowly purged itself of the diagnostic use of etymology. The use of certain new words or phrases has become essential, while other words have been subject to significant semantic drift or unjustified omission. The interest of secondary characters was highlighted. Ways of describing have also evolved, sometimes in divergent ways. The list of characters (and states) published by the International Association of Wood Anatomists in 2004 represents a fundamental step towards a standardization of practices. However, it does not take into account some of the particularities of palaeoxylology. Here we propose: (1) a plea that etymology should definitely no longer be considered diagnostic; (2) a standardized format for the description of fossil tracheidoxyls; (3) an illustrated glossary of certain terms specific to paleoxylology.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104525
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- titre
- Size, microhabitat, and loss of larval feeding drive cranial diversification in frogs
- auteur
- Carla Bardua, Anne-Claire Fabre, Julien Clavel, Margot Bon, Kalpana Das, Edward L Stanley, David C Blackburn, Anjali Goswami
- article
- Nature Communications, 2021, 12 (1), ⟨10.1038/s41467-021-22792-y⟩
- resume
- Habitat is one of the most important factors shaping organismal morphology, but it may vary across life history stages. Ontogenetic shifts in ecology may introduce antagonistic selection that constrains adult phenotype, particularly with ecologically distinct developmental phases such as the free-living, feeding larval stage of many frogs (Lissamphibia: Anura). We test the relative influences of developmental and ecological factors on the diversification of adult skull morphology with a detailed analysis of 15 individual cranial regions across 173 anuran species, representing every extant family. Skull size, adult microhabitat, larval feeding, and ossification timing are all significant factors shaping aspects of cranial evolution in frogs, with late-ossifying elements showing the greatest disparity and fastest evolutionary rates. Size and microhabitat show the strongest effects on cranial shape, and we identify a “large size-wide skull” pattern of anuran, and possibly amphibian, evolutionary allometry. Fossorial and aquatic microhabitats occupy distinct regions of morphospace and display fast evolution and high disparity. Taxa with and without feeding larvae do not notably differ in cranial morphology. However, loss of an actively feeding larval stage is associated with higher evolutionary rates and disparity, suggesting that functional pressures experienced earlier in ontogeny significantly impact adult morphological evolution.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1038/s41467-021-22792-y
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- titre
- Efficiency of invertebrate-based bioassessment for evaluating the ecological status of streams along a gradient of flow intermittence
- auteur
- Julie Crabot, Sylvain Dolédec, Maxence Forcellini, T. Datry
- article
- Ecological Indicators, 2021, 133, pp.108440. ⟨10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108440⟩
- resume
- Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) represent the majority of the global river network, support high biodiversity and provide multiple ecosystem services. However, they are being degraded at alarming rates, and it may be questioned whether current invertebrate-based biomonitoring protocols, which were designed for rivers and streams that flow all year round, are also appropriate for assessing the ecological status of IRES. Here, we test for the first time the efficiency of the French invertebrate-based biomonitoring indicators to assess the ecological status of intermittent rivers downstream six sewage treatment plants along a gradient of flow intermittence (i.e., the percentage of a year without flow at a given site). We found that the effects of drying confounded with that of sewage and in most cases, current biomonitoring metrics did not distinguish between the effect of sewage and those of drying. Except for the taxonomic richness of invertebrates resistant to drying, all metrics decreased linearly with increasing flow intermittence. In addition, the efficiency for detecting sewage effects was lower at intermittent reaches compared to perennial reaches. Last, we identified biological traits responding to flow intermittence, but not to sewage effluents, and we further discuss the implication for traits-based monitoring. If current biomonitoring protocols calibrated for perennial rivers could still be applied to reaches prone to weak flow intermittence, alternatives are urgently needed for integrating intermittent rivers into current bio- monitoring national programs.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108440
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- titre
- Mechanical ventilation preserves diaphragm mitochondrial function in a rat sepsis model
- auteur
- P. Eyenga, D. Roussel, B. Rey, P. Ndille, L. Teulier, F. Eyenga, C. Romestaing, J. Morel, V. Gueguen-Chaignon, S-S. Sheu
- article
- Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, 2021, 9 (1), pp.1-16. ⟨10.1186/s40635-021-00384-w⟩
- resume
- Abstract Background To describe the effect of mechanical ventilation on diaphragm mitochondrial oxygen consumption, ATP production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cytochrome c oxidase activity and content, and their relationship to diaphragm strength in an experimental model of sepsis. Methods A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) protocol was performed in 12 rats while 12 controls underwent sham operation. Half of the rats in each group were paralyzed and mechanically ventilated. We performed blood gas analysis and lactic acid assays 6 h after surgery. Afterwards, we measured diaphragm strength and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, ATP and ROS generation, and cytochrome c oxidase activity. We also measured malondialdehyde (MDA) content as an index of lipid peroxidation, and mRNA expression of the proinflammatory interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in diaphragms. Results CLP rats showed severe hypotension, metabolic acidosis, and upregulation of diaphragm IL-1β mRNA expression. Compared to sham controls, spontaneously breathing CLP rats showed lower diaphragm force and increased susceptibility to fatigue, along with depressed mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production and cytochrome c oxidase activity. These rats also showed increased mitochondrial ROS generation and MDA content. Mechanical ventilation markedly restored mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production in CLP rats; lowered mitochondrial ROS production by the complex 3; and preserved cytochrome c oxidase activity. Conclusion In an experimental model of sepsis, early initiation of mechanical ventilation restores diaphragm mitochondrial function.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1186/s40635-021-00384-w
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- titre
- Dinosaur bonebed amber from an original swamp forest soil
- auteur
- Sergio Álvarez-Parra, Ricardo Pérez-de La Fuente, Enrique Peñalver, Eduardo Barrón, Luis Alcalá, Jordi Pérez-Cano, Carles Martín-Closas, Khaled Trabelsi, Nieves Meléndez, Rafael López del Valle, Rafael Lozano, David Peris, Ana Rodrigo, Víctor Sarto I Monteys, Carlos Bueno-Cebollada, César Menor-Salván, Marc Philippe, Alba Sánchez-García, Constanza Peña-Kairath, Antonio Arillo, Eduardo Espílez, Luis Mampel, Xavier Delclòs
- article
- eLife, 2021, 10 (e72477), ⟨10.7554/eLife.72477⟩
- resume
- Dinosaur bonebeds with amber content, yet scarce, offer a superior wealth and quality of data on ancient terrestrial ecosystems. However, the preserved palaeodiversity and/or taphonomic characteristics of these exceptional localities had hitherto limited their palaeobiological potential. Here, we describe the amber from the Lower Cretaceous dinosaur bonebed of Ariño (Teruel, Spain) using a multidisciplinary approach. Amber is found in both a root layer with amber strictly in situ and a litter layer mainly composed of aerial pieces unusually rich in bioinclusions, encompassing 11 insect orders, arachnids, and a few plant and vertebrate remains, including a feather. Additional palaeontological data—charophytes, palynomorphs, ostracods— are provided. Ariño arguably represents the most prolific and palaeobiologically diverse locality in which fossiliferous amber and a dinosaur bonebed have been found in association, and the only one known where the vast majority of the palaeontological assemblage suffered no or low-grade pre-burial transport. This has unlocked unprecedentedly complete and reliable palaeoecological data out of two complementary windows of preservation—the bonebed and the amber—from the same site.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.7554/eLife.72477
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- titre
- Effects of bioturbation by tubificid worms on biogeochemical processes, bacterial community structure and diversity in heterotrophic wetland sediments
- auteur
- Marie Cariou, Clémentine François, Jérémy Voisin, Mathilde Pigneret, Frédéric Hervant, Laurence Volatier, Florian Mermillod-Blondin
- article
- Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 795, pp.148842. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148842⟩
- resume
- Bioturbation activity of tubificid worms has been recognized as a key process influencing organic matter process- ing and nutrient cycling in benthic aquatic ecosystems. This activity is expected to modify benthic microbial com- munities by affecting the physical and chemical environment in sediments. Nevertheless, quantifications of bacterial community changes associated with bioturbation in freshwater ecosystems are still lacking. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of tubificid worms on bacterial community structure using NGS approach (16S metabarcoding) and long (6 months) laboratory experiments on four heterotrophic wetland sediments. Worm bioturbation activity significantly stimulated biogeochemical processes at the water-sediment interface but only had a marginally significant effect on bacterial community structures. Yet, bacterial diversity was consis- tently reduced in presence of worms. Such decrease could be associated with the stimulation of organic matter mineralization by worms, leading to a reduction of the diversity of trophic niches available for bacterial species. The slight changes in bacterial community structures induced by bioturbation did not appear to control biogeo- chemical processes. Thus, the stimulation of biogeochemical processes by worm bioturbation was more associ- ated with a stimulation of the initial bacterial community than with a drastic change in bacterial communities induced by worms.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148842
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- titre
- Huff and puff and blow down: invasive plants traits response to strong winds at the Southern Oceanic Islands
- auteur
- Hugo Saiz, D Renault, Sara Puijalon, Miguel Barrio, Mathilde Bertrand, Matteo Tolosano, Aurélien Pierre, Charly Ferreira, Clémentine Prouteau, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere
- article
- Oikos, 2021, 130 (11), pp.1919-1929. ⟨10.1111/oik.08249⟩
- resume
- Invasions constitute a major driver of biodiversity changes. Insular plant communities are particularly vulnerable to invasions and are relevant models for investigating mechanisms supporting the establishment and spread of introduced plants. Terrestrial flora of sub-Antarctic islands must often thrive in highly windy habitats, thus imposing strong mechanical constraints on individuals. Many alien plants at the sub-Antarctic islands are of tropical or temperate origins, where they were exposed to less stringent wind conditions. As wind likely represents a strong environmental filter for the successful establishment and further geographic spread of plants, they should have developed responses to resist and successfully colonize the Iles Kerguelen. We studied responses to wind of three herbaceous species that are invasive at Iles Kerguelen. We sampled plant individuals at different locations, under windy and sheltered conditions. Traits related to wind avoidance and tolerance and to resource acquisition were measured. We additionally assessed individual performance (biomass) to determine the consequences of trait variations. We focused on trait mean and variance, in particular, through the calculation of hypervolumes. This study emphasized that wind has important effects on plant economics spectrum, including traits involved in mechanical avoidance and light acquisition, with varying strategies, which seem to depend on the biological type of the species (grass versus non-grass). Wind generally reduces individual performance, and this negative effect is not direct but operates through the modification of plant trait values. Furthermore, analyses performed at the hypervolume scale indicate that not only functional trait mean but also its variability account for plant performance. The existence of contrasting growth strategies to cope with local environmental conditions suggests that invaders will be able to occupy different niches, which may ultimately impact local communities. Our results highlight the importance of considering multi-traits responses to meaningfully capture plant adjustments to stress.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1111/oik.08249
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- titre
- Multiple evolutionary origins and losses of tooth complexity in squamates
- auteur
- Fabien Lafuma, Ian J Corfe, Julien Clavel, Nicolas Di-Poï
- article
- Nature Communications, 2021, 12 (6001), ⟨10.1038/s41467-021-26285-w⟩
- resume
- Teeth act as tools for acquiring and processing food, thus holding a prominent role in vertebrate evolution. In mammals, dental-dietary adaptations rely on tooth complexity variations controlled by cusp number and pattern. Complexity increase through cusp addition has dominated the diversification of mammals. However, studies of Mammalia alone cannot reveal patterns of tooth complexity conserved throughout vertebrate evolution. Here, we use morphometric and phylogenetic comparative methods across fossil and extant squamates to show they also repeatedly evolved increasingly complex teeth, but with more flexibility than mammals. Since the Late Jurassic, multiple-cusped teeth evolved over 20 times independently from a single-cusped common ancestor. Squamates frequently lost cusps and evolved varied multiple-cusped morphologies at heterogeneous rates. Tooth complexity evolved in correlation with changes in plant consumption, resulting in several major increases in speciation. Complex teeth played a critical role in vertebrate evolution outside Mammalia, with squamates exemplifying a more labile system of dental-dietary evolution.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1038/s41467-021-26285-w
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- titre
- Photosynthetic and morphological traits control aquatic plant distribution according to light stress
- auteur
- F. Arthaud, J. Toury, C. Romestaing, Gudrun Bornette
- article
- Evolutionary Ecology, 2021, Evolutionary ecology, 35 (5-6), pp.739-760. ⟨10.1007/s10682-021-10134-9⟩
- resume
- The eutrophication of aquatic systems resulting from human activities frequently leads to phytoplankton blooms, which decrease water transparency and therefore limit light availability for aquatic plants. However, several submerged macrophytes are able to grow despite the light competition pressure exerted by phytoplankton. Photosynthetic performance and plant morphology may be key traits allowing plant species to tolerate phytoplankton-induced light limitation in eutrophic systems. The aim of this study was to explore how morphological and photosynthetic traits allow submerged macrophytes to withstand the stress induced by decreased light in eutrophic systems. Morphological and photosynthetic traits were measured in 7 species of submerged macrophytes collected from mesotrophic to hypertrophic shallow lakes (Dombes, Ain, France). Then, we determined whether these traits were related to species occurrence in lakes according to depth and water turbidity. This study highlighted 2 strategies potentially resulting in a trade-off between morphological and photosynthetic traits. The first strategy was tolerance to reduced light and was characterized by a higher investment in leaf area and photosynthetic efficiency (initial slope of photosynthetic activity measured at low light intensities), allowing plants to use low amounts of light energy. The second strategy was to avoid the regions of reduced light and was characterized by a greater investment in vertical growth and maximum photosynthesis at high light intensities. The morphological and physiological traits favoured in turbid lakes corresponded to the avoidance strategy with a low compensation point, allowing plants to grow to the photic zone to reach the water areas where light is at a maximum. Small species exhibiting a light stress tolerance strategy may be maintained in turbid lakes subjected to disturbances, offering a window of opportunity for successful recruitment and reproduction.
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- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1007/s10682-021-10134-9
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- titre
- Exceptional fossil assemblages confirm the existence of complex Early Triassic ecosystems during the early Spathian
- auteur
- Christopher P A Smith, Thomas Laville, Emmanuel Fara, Gilles Escarguel, Nicolas Olivier, Emmanuelle Vennin, Nicolas Goudemand, Kevin G Bylund, James F Jenks, Daniel A Stephen, Michael Hautmann, Sylvain Charbonnier, L. J Krumenacker, Arnaud Brayard
- article
- Scientific Reports, 2021, 11 (1), ⟨10.1038/s41598-021-99056-8⟩
- resume
- The mass extinction characterizing the Permian/Triassic boundary (PTB; ~ 252 Ma) corresponds to a major faunal shift between the Palaeozoic and the Modern evolutionary fauna. The temporal, spatial, environmental, and ecological dynamics of the associated biotic recovery remain highly debated, partly due to the scarce, or poorly-known, Early Triassic fossil record. Recently, an exceptionally complex ecosystem dated from immediately after the Smithian/Spathian boundary (~ 3 myr after the PTB) was reported: the Paris Biota (Idaho, USA). However, the spatiotemporal representativeness of this unique assemblage remained questionable as it was hitherto only reported from a single site. Here we describe three new exceptionally diverse assemblages of the same age as the Paris Biota, and a fourth younger one. They are located in Idaho and Nevada, and are taxonomic subsets of the Paris Biota. We show that the latter covered a region-wide area and persisted at least partially throughout the Spathian. The presence of a well-established marine fauna such as the Paris Biota, as soon as the early Spathian, indicates that the post-PTB biotic recovery and the installation of complex ecosystems probably took place earlier than often assumed, at least at a regional scale.
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- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1038/s41598-021-99056-8
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- titre
- Tree-rings, genetics and the environment: Complex interactions at the rear edge of species distribution range
- auteur
- Johann Housset, Endre Gy. Tóth, Martin Girardin, Francine Tremblay, Renzo Motta, Yves Bergeron, Christopher Carcaillet
- article
- Dendrochronologia, 2021, 69, pp.125863. ⟨10.1016/j.dendro.2021.125863⟩
- resume
- Under climate change, modifications on plants’ growth are expected to be the strongest at species margins. Therein, tree acclimation could play a key role as migration is predicted to be too slow to track shifts of bioclimatic envelops. A requirement is, however, that intra-population genetic diversity be high enough for allowing such adaptation of tree populations to climate change. In this study, we tested for the existence of relationships between genetic diversity, site environmental conditions, and the response of annual tree growth to climate of Pinus cembra at its southern limit in the Alps. Site-specific climatic and environmental factors pre- dominantly determined the response of trees along the precipitation gradient. The growth-climate interactions were chiefly linked to mean annual precipitation and temperature, slope and tree-size, and less to genetic di- versity. We show that genetic background of Pinus cembra has exclusively indirect modulating power with limited effects on tree-ring formation, and within the southern limit in the Alps, genetic variability is not necessarily well expressed in the patterns of annual tree growth. Our results may imply little adaptive capacity of these pop- ulations to future changes in the water balance.
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- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.dendro.2021.125863
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- titre
- Cave amphipods reveal co‐variation between morphology and trophic niche in a low‐productivity environment
- auteur
- Ester Premate, Špela Borko, Teo Delić, Florian Malard, Laurent Simon, Cene Fišer
- article
- Freshwater Biology, 2021, 66 (10), pp.1876-1888. ⟨10.1111/fwb.13797⟩
- resume
- 1. Identifying the relationships between morphology and trophic niche is at the core of functional morphology. Low resource diversity and fluxes of organic carbon are expected to constrain trophic specialisation of morphological structures be- cause food resources are too scarce to promote trophic differentiation. However, species from low- productivity habitats often exhibit specialised biological traits such as resistance to starvation and high food- finding abilities, which may in turn release constraints on trophic and morphological differentiation among species. 2. Groundwaters are food resource- limited because of the lack of photosynthetic production and limited inputs of organic carbon from surface ecosystems. We tested for co- variation between morphology and trophic habits in co- occurring Niphargus amphipods from five groundwater caves of the Dinaric Karst, Europe. We predicted that the size of gnathopods— the accessory feeding appendages—would positively co- vary with trophic position: species with larger gnathopods should more easily grab and immobilise prey. 3. We quantified gnathopod size and shape by means of morphometric measure- ments and assessed isotopic niche, trophic position, and carbon signatures using nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotopes. We tested for correlation be- tween morphological traits and trophic position and δ13C signatures while ac- counting for phylogenetic relationships among species. 4. All co- occurring species differed morphologically in at least one gnathopod meas- urement and all of them differed in their isotopic niches. As predicted, gnathopod size increased with the increasing trophic position. This co- variation probably re- flects differences in detritivorous and predatory habits among species: amphi- pods with larger gnathopods, hence larger muscle and more powerful grip, could more easily subdue prey. Moreover, we found a significant correlation between gnathopod shape and the normalised δ13C values, indicating that shape of the gnathopods may be related to exploitation of different food resources. 5. We show that low- productivity subterranean habitat species can exhibit strong trophic specialisation of morphological structures. Gnathopod size and shape of Niphargus amphipods are functional traits that co- vary with trophic habits. Our findings pave the way for investigating how co- variation of morphological and trophic traits may control energy flow and species’ coexistence at lower bounds of habitat productivity.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1111/fwb.13797
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- titre
- The woods Protophyllocladoxylon and Metapodocarpoxylon within the Cretaceous terrestrial biota of northern Africa
- auteur
- Zainab El-Noamani, Wagieh El-Saadawi, Marc Philippe
- article
- Cretaceous Research, 2021, 126, pp.104901. ⟨10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104901⟩
- resume
- New tracheidoxyls from near the Protophyllocladoxylon leuchsii Kra€usel type-locality (El-Kharga, Egypt, Turonian) were xylologically studied. Although most of the samples are not identifiable, one has preserved features, in particular araucarian radial pitting and co-occurrence of podocarpoid and oopores in the cross- fields, which allow assignment to Metapodocarpoxylon libanoticum (Edwards) Duperon-Laudoueneix et D. Pons. This is the first time that this taxon has been formally recognised among samples from near this location. This sample, a topotype for P. leuchsii, is pivotal in demonstrating that P. leuchsii is a taxonomical synonym of M. libanoticum. This reinforces a recently published nomenclatural proposal to conserve the name Protophyllocladoxylon with a conserved type. It also suggests that, paradoxically as its first type was from Egypt, the genus Protophyllocladoxylon is missing from northern Africa terrestrial biota during the Cretaceous. There, conversely, an endemic vegetation flourished, linked to the large alluvial plains, domi- nated by Agathoxylon- and Metapodocarpoxylon-trees and which might have been the Angiosperm cradle.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104901
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- titre
- Haplotype divergence supports long-term asexuality in the oribatid mite Oppiella nova
- auteur
- Alexander Brandt, Patrick Tran Van, Christian Bluhm, Yoann Anselmetti, Zoé Dumas, Emeric Figuet, Clémentine M. François, Nicolas Galtier, Bastian Heimburger, Kamil S. Jaron, Marjorie Labédan, Mark Maraun, Darren J. Parker, Marc Robinson-Rechavi, Ina Schaefer, Paul Simion, Stefan Scheu, Tanja Schwander, Jens Bast
- article
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021, 118 (38), pp.e2101485118. ⟨10.1073/pnas.2101485118⟩
- resume
- Sex strongly impacts genome evolution via recombination and segregation. In the absence of these processes, haplotypes within lineages of diploid organisms are predicted to accumulate mutations independently of each other and diverge over time. This so-called “Meselson effect” is regarded as a strong indicator of the long-term evolution under obligate asexuality. Here, we present genomic and transcriptomic data of three populations of the asexual oribatid mite species Oppiella nova and its sexual relative Oppiella subpectinata . We document strikingly different patterns of haplotype divergence between the two species, strongly supporting Meselson effect–like evolution and long-term asexuality in O. nova : I) variation within individuals exceeds variation between populations in O. nova but vice versa in O. subpectinata ; II) two O. nova sublineages feature a high proportion of lineage-specific heterozygous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), indicating that haplotypes continued to diverge after lineage separation; III) the deepest split in gene trees generally separates the two haplotypes in O. nova , but populations in O. subpectinata ; and IV) the topologies of the two haplotype trees match each other. Our findings provide positive evidence for the absence of canonical sex over evolutionary time in O. nova and suggest that asexual oribatid mites can escape the dead-end fate usually associated with asexual lineages.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1073/pnas.2101485118
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- titre
- Unlocking our understanding of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams with genomic tools
- auteur
- Rosetta C Blackman, Florian Altermatt, Arnaud Foulquier, Tristan Lefébure, Maïlys Gauthier, Agnes Bouchez, Rachel Stubbington, Alexander M Weigand, Florian Leese, T. Datry
- article
- Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2021, 19 (10), pp.574-583. ⟨10.1002/fee.2404⟩
- resume
- Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) – waterways in which flow ceases periodically or that dry completely – are found worldwide, and their frequency and extent are expected to increase in the future in response to global climate change and growing anthropogenic demand for fresh water. Repeated wet–dry cycles generate highly dynamic settings within river networks composed of aquatic and terrestrial habitats, which act as evolutionary triggers for aquatic and terrestrial biota. Drying also alters functions and processes within river networks, with consequences for ecosystem services. Despite the emergence of promising conceptual and methodological developments, our understanding of the occurrence and diversity of organisms in these ecosystems is limited primarily due to their coupled aquatic–terrestrial characteristics. Novel genomic tools based on high-throughput sequencing have the potential to tackle unanswered questions of pivotal importance to predict future change in IRES. Here, we outline why genomic tools are needed to assess these dynamic ecosystems from the population to the metacommunity scale, and their potential role in bridging ecological–evolutionary dynamics.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1002/fee.2404
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- titre
- Effect of the choice of different methods on the permeable pavement hydraulic characterization and hydrological classification
- auteur
- Larissa Virgínia da Silva Ribas, Artur Paiva Coutinho, Laurent Lassabatere, Severino Martins dos Santos Neto, Suzana Maria Gico Lima Montenegro, Ana Emília Carvalho de Gusmão da Cunha Rabelo, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, Alfredo Ribeiro Neto
- article
- Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 2021, 69 (3), pp.332-346. ⟨10.2478/johh-2021-0018⟩
- resume
- Abstract The permeable pavement is a compensatory drainage technique for urban waters that aims to control runoff and to ensure ideal hydrological conditions. This work had as main objectives to evaluate the infiltration capacity of a permeable pavement (PP) at real scale, through analytical and numerical modeling. It relies on water infiltration experiments and related modeling for the hydrodynamic characterization of the coating layer (saturated hydraulic conductivity, K s , and sorptivity, S ). A large panel of analytical and numerical models was considered, and several estimates were obtained. Then, the criteria for the evaluation of the maintenance requirement of the permeable pavements were computed for all the K s -estimates considering the NCRS standards (assessment of permeability levels). The results indicated nice fits and accurate estimates for both the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the sorptivity. However, the K s -estimates depended on the considered model and led to contrasting results in terms of classification. For 8 of the 9 models, the value of the K s -estimate leads to the classification of “Group A” of the NCRS soil classification, meaning a very permeable material. In contrasts, the last method (numerical inverse modeling) classified the permeable pavement as “Group D”, i.e., soils with low permeability. Those results show the importance of the selection of characterization methods regarding the assessment of the hydrological classification of permeable pavements.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.2478/johh-2021-0018
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- titre
- Paleohistology of the Cretaceous resin‐producing conifer Geinitzia reichenbachii using X‐ray synchrotron microtomography
- auteur
- Jean‐david Moreau, Marc Philippe, Didier Néraudeau, Eric Dépré, Matthieu Le Couls, Vincent Fernandez, Simon Beurel
- article
- American Journal of Botany, 2021, 108 (9), pp.1745-1760. ⟨10.1002/ajb2.1722⟩
- resume
- PremiseThe conifer Geinitzia reichenbachii was a common member of the Cretaceous Laurasian floras. However, the histology of G. reichenbachii leafy axes was never described in detail, and our knowledge of its paleoecology remains very limited. Using new and exquisitely preserved silicified material from the Upper Cretaceous of western France, we describe G. reichenbachii from the gross morphology to the cellular scale, then discuss paleoecological and taphonomical implications.MethodsWe examined specimens from two localities in western France (Claix and Moragne) using propagation phase-contrast X-ray synchrotron microtomography.ResultsThe cuticle and the inner tissues of leafy axes are preserved in three dimensions. Epidermis, hypodermis, palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma, transfusion tracheids, and most of tissues of the vascular cylinder are clearly discernible. The numerous resin ducts are sometimes filled by persisting resin. Additionally, surfaces of some leaves preserved drops and flows of resin.ConclusionsDepositional environmental context combined with histological features of G. reichenbachii suggest that this conifer was adapted to a range of marginal-littoral ecosystems including those open to the sea paleoenvironments and innermost ones influenced by strong continental inputs. Geinitzia reichenbachii was adapted to withstand intense sunlight, hot temperatures coupled with salty sea wind, and dry conditions. The frequent amber-bearing beds in the Cretaceous from western France with Geinitzia as a main component of the associated floras raises the possibility of a role for Geinitzia in the production of the “Charentese amber”.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1002/ajb2.1722
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- titre
- As researchers, we need to engage more into public outreach towards children in the future
- auteur
- Lucie Poulet, Benjamin Dalmas, Barbara Gonçalves, Camille Noûs, Antoine Vernay
- article
- Journal of Futures Studies, 2021, Vol. 26(1), pp. 75-82. ⟨10.6531/JFS.202109_26(1).0006⟩
- resume
- Staying informed is essential for citizens but not everyone is equipped with the right tools to distinguish scientific facts from opinions, well-founded arguments from sensationalist news. Popularization and outreach should be more focused on transmitting methods, demonstrations, and arguments rather than scientific results. It is important to keep concepts’ complexity while doing so and to target young audiences. The journal DECODER offers an outreach journal allowing direct exchange between the classroom and researchers to provide critical tools to young minds. It is a duty of researchers to engage into outreach activities, as providers of new knowledge and advocates of the scientific method.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.6531/JFS.202109_26(1).0006
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- titre
- Multi-element (13C, 2H and 34S) bulk and compound-specific stable isotope analysis for authentication of Allium species essential oils
- auteur
- Aurélien Cuchet, Anthony Anchisi, Philippe Telouk, Yijiao Yao, Frédéric Schiets, François Fourel, Yohann Clément, Pierre Lantéri, Elise Carénini, Patrick Jame, Hervé Casabianca
- article
- Food Control, 2021, 126, pp.108086. ⟨10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108086⟩
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108086
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- titre
- Field validation of a physically-based model for bioretention systems
- auteur
- Jérémie Bonneau, Gislain Lipeme Kouyi, Laurent Lassabatère, Tim Fletcher
- article
- Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 312, pp.127636. ⟨10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127636⟩
- resume
- Bioretention systems are increasingly used worldwide to mitigate the impacts of urban stormwater runoff on the water cycle. Being able to accurately model physical processes occurring within these systems is critical to their design and to being able to predict their performance. Most popular urban hydrological models must now integrate a low impact development (LID) toolbox to keep up with current practices. We aimed to develop and test a generic model of bioretention systems that can serve as a targeted compromise between oversimplification without any physical basis, on the one hand, and physical soundness requiring a large number of parameters for calibration, on the other. The model accounts for evapotranspiration, overflow, infiltration into the filter (single permeability behavior), exfiltration to surrounding soils, along with underdrain discharge. The model was tested against field data from a monitored bioretention basin in Melbourne, Australia. Based on 22 rainfall events (two used for calibration and 20 for validation), results showed that the simulated underdrain outflow rates and their temporal dynamic were well replicated (considering the validation phase with 20 rainfall events: median NSE = 0.75, median PBIAS = − 22%, median RMSE = 0.48 l/s). Despite good performance for outflow rates, there was a discrepancy observed in magnitude between simulated and measured water levels within the bioretention basin. The model therefore seems a useful first step towards the design of a user-friendly model for assessing both performance and impact of bioretention basins for catchment-scale flow regime management.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127636
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- titre
- Fossil Ginkgoales cuticle fine details data from East Inner Mongolia, Northeast China
- auteur
- Gaëtan Guignard, Xiao-Ju Yang, Yong-Dong Wang
- article
- Data in Brief, 2021, 37, pp.107163. ⟨10.1016/j.dib.2021.107163⟩
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107163
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- titre
- Effects of climate and atmospheric nitrogen deposition on early to mid-term stage litter decomposition across biomes
- auteur
- Taeoh Kwon, Hideaki Shibata, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Inger Schmidt, Klaus Larsen, Claus Beier, Björn Berg, Kris Verheyen, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Frank Hagedorn, Nico Eisenhauer, Ika Djukic, Kappel Schmidt Inger, Steenberg Larsen Klaus, Francois Lamarque Jean, Adriano Caliman, Alain Paquette, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Alessandro Petraglia, Algirdas Augustaitis, Amélie Saillard, Carolina Ruiz-Fernández Ana, I. Sousa Ana, I. Lillebø Ana, Rocha Gripp Anderson Da, Andrea Lamprecht, Andreas Bohner, André-Jean Francez, Andrey Malyshev, Andrijana Andrić, Angela Stanisci, Anita Zolles, Anna Avila, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Anne Probst, Annie Ouin, A. Khuroo Anzar, Arne Verstraeten, Artur Stefanski, Aurora Gaxiola, Bart Muys, Beatriz Gozalo, Bernd Ahrends, Bo Yang, Brigitta Erschbamer, Rodríguez Ortíz Carmen Eugenia, T. Christiansen Casper, Céline Meredieu, Cendrine Mony, Charles Nock, Chiao-Ping Wang, Christel Baum, Christian Rixen, Christine Delire, Christophe Piscart, Christopher Andrews, Corinna Rebmann, Cristina Branquinho, Dick Jan, Dirk Wundram, Dušanka Vujanović, Carol Adair E., Eduardo Ordóñez-Regil, R. Crawford Edward, F. Tropina Elena, Elisabeth Hornung, Elli Groner, Eric Lucot, Esperança Gacia, Esther Lévesque, Evanilde Benedito, A. Davydov Evgeny, Padilha Bolzan Fábio, T. Maestre Fernando, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Florian Kitz, Florian Hofhansl, Flurin Sutter, Almeida Lobo Francisco De, Leadro Souza Franco, Franz Zehetner, Kouamé Koffi Fulgence, Georg Wohlfahrt, Giacomo Certini, Daiane Pinha Gisele, Grizelle González, Guylaine Canut, Harald Pauli, A. Bahamonde Héctor, Heike Feldhaar, Heinke Jäger, Cristina Serrano Helena, Hélène Verheyden, Helge Bruelheide, Henning Meesenburg, Hermann Jungkunst, Hervé Jactel, Hiroko Kurokawa, Ian Yesilonis, Inara Melece, Van Halder Inge, García Quirós Inmaculada, István Fekete, Ivika Ostonen, Jana Borovská, Javier Roales, Hasan Shoqeir Jawad, Jean-Christophe Lata, Jean-Luc Probst, Jeyanny Vijayanathan, Jiri Dolezal, Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza, Joël Merlet, John Loehr, Von Oppen Jonathan, Jörg Löffler, Benito Alonso José Luis, José-Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano, Josep Peñuelas, C. Morina Joseph, Darío Quinde Juan, J. Jiménez Juan, M. Alatalo Juha, Julia Seeber, Julia Kemppinen, Jutta Stadler, Kaie Kriiska, Den Meersche Karel Van, Karibu Fukuzawa, Katalin Szlavecz, Katalin Juhos, Katarína Gerhátová, Kate Lajtha, Katie Jennings, Katja Tielbörger, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ken Green, Klaus Steinbauer, Laryssa Pazianoto, Laura Dienstbach, Laura Yahdjian, J. Williams Laura, Laurel Brigham, Lee Hanna, Den Brink Liesbeth Van, Lindsey Rustad, Lourdes Morillas, Silva Carneiro Luciana, Di Martino Luciano, Luis Villar, Fernandes Tavares Luísa Alícida, Madison Morley, Manuela Winkler, Marc Lebouvier, Marcello Tomaselli, Marcus Schaub, Maria Glushkova, Almazan Torres Maria Guadalupe, De Graaff Marie-Anne, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Marijn Bauters, Marina Mazón, Mark Frenzel, Markus Wagner, Markus Didion, Maroof Hamid, Marta Lopes, Martha Apple, Martin Weih, Matej Mojses, Matteo Gualmini, Matthew Vadeboncoeur, Michael Bierbaumer, Michael Danger, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Michal Růžek, Michel Isabellon, Di Musciano Michele, Michele Carbognani, Miglena Zhiyanski, Mihai Puşcaş, Milan Barna, Mioko Ataka, Miska Luoto, H. Alsafaran Mohammed, Nadia Barsoum, Naoko Tokuchi, Nathalie Korboulewsky, Nicolas Lecomte, Nina Filippova, Norbert Hölzel, Olga Ferlian, Oscar Romero, Osvaldo Pinto-Jr, Pablo Peri, Dan Turtureanu Pavel, Peter Haase, Peter Macreadie, B. Reich Peter, Petr Petřík, Philippe Choler, Pierre Marmonier, Quentin Ponette, Dettogni Guariento Rafael, Rafaella Canessa, Ralf Kiese, Rebecca Hewitt, Robert Weigel, Róbert Kanka, Cazzolla Gatti Roberto, Lemes Martins Rodrigo, Romà Ogaya, Romain Georges, G. Gavilán Rosario, Sally Wittlinger, Sara Puijalon, Satoshi Suzuki, Schädler Martin, Schmidt Anja, Sébastien Gogo, Silvio Schueler, Simon Drollinger, Simone Mereu, Sonja Wipf, Stacey Trevathan-Tackett, Stefan Stoll, Stefan Löfgren, Stefan Trogisch, Steffen Seitz, Stephan Glatzel, Susanna Venn, Sylvie Dousset, Taiki Mori, Takanori Sato, Takuo Hishi, Tatsuro Nakaji, Theurillat Jean-Paul, Thierry Camboulive, Thomas Spiegelberger, Thomas Scholten, J. Mozdzer Thomas, Till Kleinebecker, Tomáš Rusňák, Tshililo Ramaswiela, Tsutom Hiura, Tsutomu Enoki, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Di Cella Umberto Morra, Ute Hamer, Valentin Klaus, Di Cecco Valter, Vanessa Rego, Veronika Fontana, Veronika Piscová, Vincent Bretagnolle, Vincent Maire, Vinicius Farjalla, Vittoz Pascal, Wenjun Zhou, Wentao Luo, William Parker, Yasuhiro Utsumi, Yuji Kominami, Zsolt Kotroczó, Zsolt Tóth, Hélène Verheyden
- article
- Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 2021, 4, pp.678480. ⟨10.3389/ffgc.2021.678480⟩
- resume
- Litter decomposition is a key process for carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and is mainly controlled by environmental conditions, substrate quantity and quality as well as microbial community abundance and composition. In particular, the effects of climate and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on litter decomposition and its temporal dynamics are of significant importance, since their effects might change over the course of the decomposition process. Within the TeaComposition initiative, we incubated Green and Rooibos teas at 524 sites across nine biomes. We assessed how macroclimate and atmospheric inorganic N deposition under current and predicted scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 8.5) might affect litter mass loss measured after 3 and 12 months. Our study shows that the early to mid-term mass loss at the global scale was affected predominantly by litter quality (explaining 73% and 62% of the total variance after 3 and 12 months, respectively) followed by climate and N deposition. The effects of climate were not litter-specific and became increasingly significant as decomposition progressed, with MAP explaining 2% and MAT 4% of the variation after 12 months of incubation. The effect of N deposition was litter-specific, and significant only for 12-month decomposition of Rooibos tea at the global scale. However, in the temperate biome where atmospheric N deposition rates are relatively high, the 12-month mass loss of Green and Rooibos teas decreased significantly with increasing N deposition, explaining 9.5% and 1.1% of the variance, respectively. The expected changes in macroclimate and N deposition at the global scale by the end of this century are estimated to increase the 12-month mass loss of easily decomposable litter by 1.1– 3.5% and of the more stable substrates by 3.8–10.6%, relative to current mass loss. In contrast, expected changes in atmospheric N deposition will decrease the mid-term mass loss of high-quality litter by 1.4–2.2% and that of low-quality litter by 0.9–1.5% in the temperate biome. Our results suggest that projected increases in N deposition may have the capacity to dampen the climate-driven increases in litter decomposition depending on the biome and decomposition stage of substrate.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.3389/ffgc.2021.678480
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- titre
- Deriving physical and unique bimodal soil Kosugi hydraulic parameters from inverse modelling
- auteur
- J. Fernández-Gálvez, J.A.P. Pollacco, L. Lilburne, S. Mcneill, S. Carrick, Laurent Lassabatère, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo
- article
- Advances in Water Resources, 2021, 153, pp.103933. ⟨10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.103933⟩
- resume
- Hydraulic parameters define the water retention, θ(ψ), and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, K(θ), functions. These functions are usually obtained by fitting experimental data using inverse modelling. The drawback of inverting the hydraulic parameters is that they suffer from non-uniqueness and the optimal hydraulic parameters may not be physical. To reduce the non-uniqueness, it is necessary to invert the hydraulic parameters simultaneously from observations of θ(ψ) and K(θ), and ensure the measurements cover the full range of θ from saturated to oven dry. The challenge of using bimodal θ(ψ) and K(θ) compared to unimodal functions is that it requires double the number of parameters, one set for the matrix and another set for the macropore domain. The objective of this paper is to address this shortcoming by deriving a procedure to reduce the number of parameters to be optimized to obtain a unique physical set of bimodal soil Kosugi hydraulic parameters from inverse modelling. To achieve this, we (1) derive residual volumetric soil water content from the Kosugi standard deviation parameter of the soil matrix, (2) derive macropore hydraulic parameters from the water pressure head threshold between macropore and matrix flow, and (3) dynamically constrain the Kosugi hydraulic parameters of the soil matrix. The procedure successfully reduces the number of optimized hydraulic parameters and dynamically constrains the hydraulic parameters without compromising the fit of the θ(ψ) and K(θ) functions, and the derived hydraulic parameters are more physical. The robustness of the methodology is demonstrated by deriving the hydraulic parameters exclusively from θ(ψ) and Ks data, enabling satisfactory prediction of K(θ) even when no additional K(θ) data are available.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.103933
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- titre
- How does interspecific competition modify the response of grass plants against herbicide treatment? A hierarchical concentration-response approach
- auteur
- Vincent Baillard, Marie Laure Delignette-Muller, Cécile Sulmon, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere, Cendrine Mony, Ivan Couée, Gwenola Gouesbet, Simon Devin, Elise Billoir
- article
- Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 778, pp.146108. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146108⟩
- resume
- Ecological interactions are rarely taken into account in environmental risk assessment. The objective of this work was to assess how interspecific competition affects the way plant species react to herbicides and more specifically how it modifies the concentration-response curves that can be built using ecotoxicological bioassays. To do this, we relied on the results of ecotoxicological bioassays on six herbaceous species exposed to isoproturon under two conditions: in presence and in absence of a competitor. At the end of the experiments, eleven endpoints were measured. We modelled these data using a hierarchical modelling framework designed to assess the effects of competition on each of the four parameters of the concentration response curves (e.g. the level of response at the control or the concentration at the inflexion point of the curve) simultaneously for the six species. The modelled effects could be of three types, 1) competition had no effect on the parameter, 2) competition had the same effect on the parameter for all species and 3) competition had a different effect on the parameter for each species. Our main hypothesis was that different species would react differently to competition. Results showed that about a half of the estimated parameters showed a modification under competition pressure among which only a fourth showed a species-specific effect, the three other fourth showing the same effect between the different species. Our initial hypothesis was thus not supported as species
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146108
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- titre
- Investigating the role of root exudates in the interaction between oak seedlings and purple moor grass in temperate forest
- auteur
- Marine Fernandez, Philippe Malagoli, Christiane Gallet, Catherine Fernandez, Antoine Vernay, Thierry Ameglio, Philippe Balandier
- article
- Forest Ecology and Management, 2021, 491 (119175), ⟨10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119175⟩
- resume
- Oak regeneration in temperate forests often fails in the presence of understorey grass. Competition by resource exploitation between plants has been extensively studied. By contrast, competition by interference, especially chemical interference (allelopathy), has been much less thoroughly examined and its relative importance remains unclear. We investigated the influence of allelopathic interaction on plant performance (biomass production) in a pot experiment with sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and purple moor grass (Molinia caerulea), either sole- or mixed-grown. Plants were watered with either Quercus root exudates or Molinia root exudates. After 6 months of growth, oak biomass increment was significantly lowered by Molinia root exudates. The oak’s root system was more strongly affected than its aerial part. Quercus root exudates favoured oak growth but did not affect moor grass. Conversely, Molinia root exudates had a small depressive effect on its own growth, but its biomass was favoured by the presence of oak grown in the same pot. Resource exploitation had a more detrimental effect than allelopathy and both processes together decreasing oak biomass by 50%. Although untargeted metabolomic analysis by UHPLC failed to identify any potentially allelopathic substances involved, our study demonstrates a lower but critical contribution of chemical interference on oak seedling-moor grass competition compared to exploitation processes. To ensure oak regeneration, management of forest ecosystems should thus first focus on reducing moor grass close to oak seedlings to help decrease its allelopathic effect and ease resource competition.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119175
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- titre
- Rapid and accurate measurement methods for determining soil hydraulic properties: A review
- auteur
- Mirko Castellini, Simone Di Prima, David Moret-Fernández, Laurent Lassabatère
- article
- Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 2021, 69 (2), pp.121-139. ⟨10.2478/johh-2021-0002⟩
- resume
- Abstract The determination of soil hydraulic properties is important in several environmental sciences but may be expensive and time consuming. Therefore, during the last decades, a great effort has been made in soil sciences to develop relatively easy, robust, and inexpensive methods for soil hydraulic characterization. In this manuscript, we reviewed and discussed different infiltrometer techniques in light of the available experimental applications. More specifically, we considered the simplified falling head (SFH) infiltrometer technique and the single-ring infiltration experiment of the Beerkan type. Concerning this latter method, we considered different algorithms for data analysis: two simplified methods based on the analysis of transient (TSBI) and steady (SSBI) Beerkan infiltration data, and the Beerkan Estimation of Soil pedoTransfer parameters algorithm (BEST), that allows to estimate the soil characteristics curves, i.e., the soil water retention curve and hydraulic conductivity functions. For a given method, after dealing briefly theory and practice, available literature references were reported to account for specific applications in order to provide findings on method validation and application. With the aim to provide practical information on available tools for a simpler application of the reviewed methods, several video tutorials were reported to show i) how to conduct correctly field experiments and ii) how to calculate saturated hydraulic conductivity or soil hydraulic functions using user-friendly tools for data analysis. Finally, details on a new automated single-ring infiltrometer for Beerkan infiltration experiments (i.e., construction, assembly and field use) were presented.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.2478/johh-2021-0002
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- titre
- Dispersal limitation by structures is more important than intermittent drying effects for metacommunity dynamics in a highly fragmented river network
- auteur
- Maïlys Gauthier, Guillaume Le Goff, Bertrand Launay, Christophe J Douady, T. Datry
- article
- Freshwater Science, 2021, 40 (2), pp.302 - 315. ⟨10.1086/714376⟩
- resume
- In the Anthropocene, river networks are globally threatened by human activities, creating dramatic consequences for aquatic biodiversity. Permanent and temporary fragmentation by manmade structures and drying events, respectively, are both increasing in rivers worldwide. Although both of these fragmentation types can limit species dispersal, their individual and combined effects in shaping metacommunity dynamics at both local (site-level) and regional (network-level) scales have not been explored. Here, we examined whether processes structuring aquatic invertebrate metacommunities vary through time in response to flow variability in a river network affected by drying and severe fragmentation by manmade structures. We also compared the relative influences of permanent and temporary fragmentation on metacommunity dynamics and hypothesized that permanent fragmentation would be the primary determinant of metacommunity dynamics. We conducted an intensive sampling effort (30 sampling sites  6 dates) and measured 12 local environmental variables and 4 spatial distances to assess the relative importance of niche-and dispersal-based processes on benthic invertebrate metacommunities across hydrological phases. Spatial distances considered here were overland, network, and 2 fragmentation distances integrating the permanent fragmentation by manmade structures and temporary fragmentation by drying. We used Mantel tests to identify relationships between community dissimilarities and environmental and spatial distance matrices. We identified temporal variability in metacommunity processes with a predominant role of dispersal and no effect of niche-based processes. Metacommunities were shaped primarily by permanent fragmentation, whereas we detected no effect of fragmentation by network-scale drying. Dispersal-based metacommunity processes varied over time, following the wet-dry cycles that characterize dynamic river networks. Our results suggest the importance of key hydrological phases that should be incorporated into conservation perspectives. In addition, we highlight the need to quantify context dependency in metacommunity studies to optimize biodiversity conservation strategies in river-network ecosystems.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1086/714376
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- titre
- Occurrence and removal of emerging pollutants in urban sewage treatment plants using LC-QToF-MS suspect screening and quantification
- auteur
- Laure Wiest, Antoine Gosset, Aurélie Fildier, Christine Libert, Matthieu Hervé, Elisabeth Sibeud, Barbara Giroud, Emmanuelle Vulliet, Thérèse Bastide, Philippe Polomé, Yves Perrodin
- article
- Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 774, pp.145779. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145779⟩
- resume
- Urban wastewaters (WW) are a major vector of many emerging pollutants (EPs) to aquatic ecosystems, as urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not designed to abate them. New methods are now critically necessary for a more comprehensive analysis of WW samples and for the assessment of the WWTP efficiency in EP removal. To this end, the present study aims to develop a methodology to identify and quantify EPs, especially pharmaceutical residues and pesticides, in the raw and treated wastewater of 10 heterogeneous WWTPs in a highly urbanized ter- ritory in France over three sampling campaigns, through the following steps: (1) development and implementation of a suspect screening of EPs in WW samples, based on a solid phase extraction followed by an LC-QToF-MS analysis; (2) confirmation of their identification by reinjection of WW samples spiked with authentic analytical standards; (3) quantification of previously identified compounds by targeted LC-QToF-MS analysis in raw and treated effluents and assessment of their removal efficiency by WWTPs. Forty-one EPs, including 37 pharmaceutical residues (such as anti-depressive, anti-hypertensive, or antipsychotic drugs) and 4 pesticides, were identified by suspect screening. Some of them (e.g. milnacipran) are reported for the first time in urban WWTPs in this study. High variability in de- tection frequency and concentrations were observed in function of the EP and WWTP. Nevertheless, median re- moval rates were considered negative or low for more than 50% of the EPs (respectively 4 and 17), leading to a quantification of significant concentrations in treated WW. Their release into receiving streams may thus lead to ecotoxicological risks that should be evaluated in order to prevent any degradation of the exposed ecosystems.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145779
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- titre
- Multiple stressors shape invertebrate assemblages and reduce their trophic niche: A case study in a regulated stream
- auteur
- Sylvain Dolédec, Laurent Simon, Jérémie Blemus, Amandine Rigal, Joël Robin, Florian Mermillod-Blondin
- article
- Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 773, pp.145061. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145061⟩
- resume
- Few studies have addressed how the diversity of basal resources change with stream regulation and the potential consequences on river biota. We sampled invertebrates above and below a series of dams, over two years, at both downwelling and upwelling zones. In each zone, we recorded the daily temperature and flow variations, esti- mated the algal development, measured the available resources, and analysed carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions of the invertebrate community. The number of hydrological pulses were typically higher below the dams than above the dams especially during high-flow periods whereas the groundwater outlets had minor ef- fects on invertebrate assemblages. Invertebrate abundance, richness and diversity tended to decrease below the dams. Co-inertia analysis showed that flow and temperature variations, and eutrophication explained most of the variance in the invertebrate assemblages, which comprised a higher number of resilient taxa below than above the dams. The proportions of pesticide-sensitive invertebrates were lower below the dams and ovoviviparous and more generalist taxa were prominent. We did not observe the expected CPOM decrease and FPOM increase downstream. Accordingly, the proportions of each functional feeding group were remarkably similar above and below the dams despite the long distance between the sectors (>100 kms). The diversity of basal resources used within assemblages progressively increased downstream above dams. In contrast, the diversity of resources used by organisms below the dams decreased from upstream to downstream suggesting a significant influence of flow regulation on aquatic food webs. Finally, the shorter trophic chains for the invertebrate assemblages below the dams suggests that the effects of stream regulation and eutrophication induced a simplification of food webs. To our knowledge, this study is the first to connect taxonomic and functional trait changes in response to multiple stressors with the associated modifications in isotopic niches within aquatic invertebrate assemblages.
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- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145061
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- titre
- Land-cover and climate factors contribute to the prevalence of the ectoparasitic fungus Laboulbenia formicarum in its invasive ant host Lasius neglectus
- auteur
- Jérôme M.W. Gippet, Théotime Colin, Julien Grangier, Fiona Winkler, Marjorie Haond, Adeline Dumet, Simon Tragust, Nathalie Mondy, Bernard Kaufmann
- article
- Fungal Ecology, 2021, 51, pp.101045. ⟨10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101045⟩
- resume
- Understanding the distribution of parasites is crucial for biodiversity conservation. Here, we studied the distribution of the ectoparasitic fungus Laboulbenia formicarum in native and invasive Lasius ants in a 2000 km2 area. We screened over 16,000 ant workers in 478 colonies of five different species. We found that Lab. formicarum was rare in native Lasius species but infected 58% of the colonies of the invasive species Las. neglectus. At landscape scale, Lab. formicarum presence could not be explained by geographic and genetic distances between Las. neglectus colonies but was associated with hotter and dryer climatic conditions and its prevalence in colonies increased with urbanization. Within infected colonies, fungal prevalence varied from 0 to 100 percent within meters and was negatively correlated with impervious ground cover. In a changing world, our findings emphasize the importance of land-use and climatic factors in shaping the distribution and prevalence of fungal parasites.
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- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101045
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- titre
- Changes in foraging mode caused by a decline in prey size have major bioenergetic consequences for a small pelagic fish
- auteur
- Elisa Thoral, Quentin Queiros, Damien Roussel, Gilbert Dutto, Eric Gasset, David J Mckenzie, Caroline Romestaing, Jean‐marc Fromentin, Claire Saraux, Loïc Teulier
- article
- Journal of Animal Ecology, 2021, 90, pp.2289-2301. ⟨10.1111/1365-2656.13535⟩
- resume
- Global warming is causing profound modifications of aquatic ecosystems and one major outcome appears to be a decline in adult size of many fish species. Over the last decade, sardine populations in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean Sea) have shown severe declines in body size and condition as well as disappearance of the oldest individuals, which could not be related to overfishing, predation pressure or epizootic diseases. In this study, we investigated whether this situation reflects a bottom-up phenomenon caused by reduced size and availability of prey that could lead to energetic constraints. We fed captive sardines with food items of two different sizes eliciting a change in feeding mode (filter-feeding on small items and directly capturing larger ones) at two different rations for several months, and then assessed their muscle bioenergetics to test for changes in cellular function. Feeding on smaller items was associated with a decline in body condition, even at high ration, and almost completely inhibited growth by comparison to sardines fed large items at high ration. Sardines fed on small items presented specific mitochondrial adjustments for energy sparing, indicating a major bioenergetic challenge. Moreover, mitochondria from sardines in poor condition had low basal oxidative activity but high efficiency of ATP production. Notably, when body condition was below a threshold value of 1.07, close to the mean observed in the wild, it was directly correlated with basal mitochondrial activity in muscle. The results show a link between whole-animal condition and cellular bioenergetics in the sardine, and reveal physiological consequences of a shift in feeding mode. They demonstrate that filter-feeding on small prey leads to poor growth, even under abundant food and an increase in the efficiency of ATP production. These findings may partially explain the declines in sardine size and condition observed in the wild.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1111/1365-2656.13535
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- titre
- Simplified characteristic time method for accurate estimation of the soil hydraulic parameters from one‐dimensional infiltration experiments
- auteur
- Mehdi Rahmati, Meisam Rezaei, Laurent Lassabatère, Renato Morbidelli, Harry Vereecken
- article
- Vadose Zone Journal, 2021, e20117, ⟨10.1002/vzj2.20117⟩
- resume
- Recently, a novel approach with excellent performance based on the concept of the characteristic infiltration time, the characteristic time method (CTM), is pro- posed to infer soil sorptivity (S) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) from one- dimensional (1D) cumulative infiltration. The current work provides a simplified version of the CTM, called the SCTM, by eliminating the necessity of the itera- tion method used in CTM and providing a similar accuracy as the original method when estimating S and Ks. We used both synthetic and experimental data to evaluate SCTM in comparison with the original CTM, as well as Sharma (SH) and curve- fitting methods. In the case of synthetically simulated infiltration experiments, the predicted S and Ks values showed an excellent agreement with their theoretical val- ues, with Nash–Sutcliffe (E) values higher than 0.9 and RMSE values of 0.11 cm h1/2 and 0.35 cm h–1, respectively. In the case of experimental data, the SCTM showed E values larger than 0.73 and RMSE values of 0.64 cm h1/2 and 0.35 cm h–1, respec- tively. The accuracy and the robustness of SCTM was comparable with the origi- nal CTM when applied on synthetic infiltration curves as well as on experimental data. Similar to the original CTM, the simplified approach also does not require the knowledge of the time validity, which is needed when using approaches based on Philip’s infiltration theory. The method is applicable to infiltrations with durations from 15 min to 24 h. The supplemental material presents the calculation of S and Ks using SCTM in an Excel spreadsheet.
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- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1002/vzj2.20117
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- titre
- Lowermost Jurassic dinosaur ecosystem from the Bleymard Strait (southern France): sedimentology, mineralogy, palaeobotany and palaeoichnology of the Dolomitic Formation
- auteur
- Jean‐david Moreau, Vincent Trincal, Jean-François Deconinck, Marc Philippe, Benjamin Bourel
- article
- Geological Magazine, 2021, 158 (10), pp.1830-1846. ⟨10.1017/S001675682100039X⟩
- resume
- Abstract We report the first Hettangian theropod tracksite (~200 Ma) yielding a rich accumulation of plant remains from the Bleymard Strait (southern France). It constitutes an excellent opportunity to reconstruct lowermost Jurassic ecosystems hosting dinosaurs and which are still poorly documented in this area. Two morphotypes of tridactyl tracks are distinguished. They share similarities with Grallator and Kayentapus . Plant-bearing beds yield abundant leafy axes ( Pagiophyllum peregrinum ), male cones ( Classostrobus sp.), wood ( Brachyoxylon sp.) and pollen of conifers ( Classopollis classoides ). Sedimentological, petrological and mineralogical analyses demonstrated that, in the Dolomitic Formation from Bleymard, the palaeoenvironment progressively evolved from (1) a shoreface to a foreshore domain; to (2) a shallow environment that is restricted or occasionally open to the sea; then to (3) an intertidal to supratidal zone. The Hettangian theropod ecosystem of the Bleymard Strait was composed of tidal flats that were periodically emerged and bordered paralic environments inhabited by a littoral conifer-dominated forest in which Cheirolepidiaceae were the main component. The paucity of the palaeobotanical assemblage, as well as the xerophytic characteristics of Pagiophyllum , show that flora from Bleymard was adapted to withstand intense sunlight and coastal environments exposed to desiccant conditions coupled with salty sea spray, and dry conditions. These features are those of a conifer-dominated flora under a tropical to subtropical climate. The flora as well as the clay mineral analyses suggest contrasting seasons (cyclically dry then humid). This study supports that theropods were abundant and particularly adapted to this type of littoral environment bordering Cheirolepidiaceae-dominated forests.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1017/S001675682100039X
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- titre
- Historical cartographic and topo-bathymetric database on the French Rhône River (17th–20th century)
- auteur
- Fanny Arnaud, Lalandy Sehen Chanu, Jules Grillot, Jérémie Riquier, Hervé Piégay, Dad Roux-Michollet, Georges Carrel, Jean-Michel Olivier
- article
- Earth System Science Data, 2021, 13 (5), pp.1939-1955. ⟨10.5194/essd-13-1939-2021⟩
- resume
- Space and time analyses of channel changes, especially within large rivers subject to high levels of human impact, are critical to address multiple questions about rivers in the Anthropocene era. The reconstruction of long-term (> 150 year) evolutionary trajectories permits an understanding of how natural and anthropogenic factors impact hydromorphological and ecological processes in rivers, helps with the design of sustainable management and restoration options, and may also help in the assessment of future changes. However, the reconstruction of channel changes can be challenging: historical data are often scattered across many archives, and the quantity and accuracy of information generally decreases as one goes back in time. This data article provides a historical database of 350 cartographic and topo-bathymetric resources on the French Rhône River (530 km in length) compiled from the 17th to mid-20th century, with a temporal focus prior to extensive river training (1860s). The data were collected in 14 national, regional, and departmental archive services. A table describes the properties of each archived data item and its associated iconographic files. Some of the historical maps are available in a georeferenced format. A GIS layer enables one-click identification of all archive data available for a given reach of the French Rhône River. This database provides substantial new material for deeper analyses of channel changes over a longer time period and at a finer time step compared with previously available data. The database has several potential applications in geomorphology, retrospective hydraulic modelling, historical ecology, and river restoration, as well as permitting comparisons with other multi-impacted rivers worldwide. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922437 (Arnaud et al., 2020a). Iconographic extracts of the 350 archived items are available at http://photo.driihm.fr/index.php/category/52 (last access: 2 May 2021).
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.5194/essd-13-1939-2021
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- titre
- Land cover, individual’s age and spatial sorting shape landscape resistance in the invasive frog Xenopus laevis
- auteur
- Giovanni Vimercati, Natasha Kruger, Jean Secondi
- article
- Journal of Animal Ecology, 2021, 90 (5), pp.1177-1190. ⟨10.1111/1365-2656.13445⟩
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1111/1365-2656.13445
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- titre
- Plant cuticles, fine details
- auteur
- Gaëtan Guignard, Erwin Zodrow, Georgina del Fueyo
- article
- Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2021, 288, pp.104402. ⟨10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104402⟩
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104402
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- titre
- The isotope record (δ13C, δ18O) of vertical mobility in incremental tissues (tooth enamel, hair) of modern livestock: A reference set from the Mongolian Altai
- auteur
- N. Lazzerini, Aurélie Coulon, L. Simon, C. Marchina, D. Fiorillo, Ts Turbat, N. Bayarkhuu, S. Lepetz, A. Zazzo
- article
- Quaternary International, 2021, 595, pp.128-144. ⟨10.1016/j.quaint.2021.04.008⟩
- resume
- Identifying the isotopic signatures of vertical mobility and alpine meadows exploitation in the teeth of domesticated animals can be a key to understanding the subsistence strategies used by pastoral communities through history. Indeed, the oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotopic composition of sequentially sampled tooth enamel, used alone or in combination have been commonly employed to investigate altitudinal mobility and alpine exploitation. However, conflicting interpretations of the outcomes of these analyses exist, due in part to the paucity of modern reference datasets. In this study, we propose a new reference set, composed of GPS monitored sheep, goats and horses from the Mongolian Altai, to investigate the influence of vertical mobility and mean grazing altitude, on the C and O isotopic compositions of sequentially sampled tooth enamel and on the C isotopic composition of horse tail hair. We found that δ13C values were negatively correlated with the mean grazing altitude and time of residency of alpine meadows. Although no correlation was found between the average δ18O values of tooth enamel and mean grazing altitude, vertically mobile livestock had a higher intra-tooth range in δ18O values than vertically immobile livestock, possibly reflecting the ingestion of isotopically more diverse sources of water. Moreover, the coefficient of the correlation between δ13C and δ18O values of tooth enamel was - although weakly - negatively correlated with the standard deviation of the animal mean grazing altitude (i.e. reflecting the frequency of altitudinal mobility). These results confirm that δ13C and δ18O analyses of tooth enamel and tail hair can be used to infer animal mobility and land use in modern and ancient times.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2021.04.008
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- titre
- Depositional environments and historical contamination as a framework to reconstruct fluvial sedimentary evolution
- auteur
- Sophia Vauclin, Brice Mourier, André-Marie Dendievel, Nicolas Noclin, Hervé Piégay, Philippe Marchand, Anaïs Vénisseau, Anne de Vismes, Irène Lefèvre, Thierry Winiarski
- article
- Science of the Total Environment, 2021, pp.142900. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142900⟩
- resume
- In this study, we explore the variability of sedimentation conditions (e.g., grain-size, accumulation rate, contamination) according to fluvial depositional environments. Indeed, sediment cores are commonly used as archives of natural and anthropogenic activities in hydrosystems, but their interpretation is often complex, especially in a fluvial context where many factors may affect the quality, continuity, and resolution of the record. It is therefore critical to thoroughly understand the nature and dynamics of an environment in which a sediment core is sampled to be able to interpret it. To that end, four depositional environments from a bypassed reach of the Rhône River were comparatively investigated through geophysics in order to assess the range of sedimentation conditions: a floodplain, a semi-active secondary channel, an active secondary channel, and a dam reservoir. Sediment cores were retrieved from each environment and thoroughly characterised (e.g., grain-size, Total Organic Carbon, organic contaminants). Robust age-depth models were elaborated for each core based on 137Cs, 210Pbex, and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) trends. The results show that each depositional environment recorded a different time-period, and therefore different contamination levels and trends. In particular, a shift from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as the predominant POP in the sediments can be observed, the tipping point being set in the 1970s. Two types of infrastructure-induced legacy sediments related to two periods of river engineering in the reach were also identified using grain-size analysis. The combination of geophysical methods (Ground Penetrating Radar) and sediment cores is therefore confirmed as a relevant methodology that should be promoted in fluvial contexts in order to reconstruct the sedimentary evolution of fluvial corridors. The study also highlights the challenges of dating recent fluvial sediments and proposes a multi-proxy dating methodology using POPs contamination trends.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142900
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- titre
- Palynology from ground zero of the Chicxulub impact, southern Gulf of Mexico
- auteur
- Vann Smith, Sophie Warny, Johan Vellekoop, Vivi Vajda, Gilles Escarguel, David Jarzen
- article
- Palynology, 2021, 45 (2), pp.283-299. ⟨10.1080/01916122.2020.1813826⟩
- resume
- Palynological analysis of Site M0077A in the Chicxulub impact crater has yielded a record of the imme- diate Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) recovery from ground zero of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, followed by a record of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and later Ypresian (Eocene), including the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). Eight specimens of the dinoflagellate cyst Trithyrodinium evittii have been observed near the base of the K/Pg transitional unit; these likely repre- sent a post-impact dinoflagellate disaster recovery assemblage deposited within several days following the impact, although the possibility that some or all of the T. evittii specimens are reworked Maastrichtian cysts cannot be fully excluded. Despite high-resolution sampling of the lowermost Paleocene successions, the oldest identifiable terrestrial palynomorphs observed in the Site M0077A core, two specimens of Deltoidospora fern spores, occur at least $200,000 years after the impact. Other than these occurrences, the Paleocene section is nearly barren in terms of palynomorphs, likely a result of poor preservation of organic material combined with a long recovery time for vegetation in the vicinity of the crater. Pollen and fungal spore concentrations spike in an anoxic dark shale deposited during the PETM around 56Ma, with a diverse pollen assemblage indicating the presence of a coastal shrubby tropical forest in the geographic vicinity, likely in the Yucatan Peninsula to the south. In the marine realm, this interval is characterized by thermophilic assemblages of dinoflagellate cysts. Stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis identified four statistically robust sample clusters in the lower Eocene successions, with Malvacipollis spp. and Milfordia spp. abundances driving the highest average dissimilarity between clusters. A second notable spike in palynological concentrations above the PETM section may represent another early Eocene hyperthermal event. Pollen and plant spore con- centrations generally increased during the EECO, associated with increases in terrestrial input during basin infilling.
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- DOI
- DOI : 10.1080/01916122.2020.1813826
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- titre
- Effects of anthropogenic pollution and hydrological variation on macroinvertebrates in Mediterranean rivers: A case-study in the upper Tagus river basin (Spain)
- auteur
- Alba Arenas-Sánchez, Sylvain Dolédec, Marco Vighi, Andreu Rico
- article
- Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 766, pp.144044. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144044⟩
- resume
- Seasonal hydrological variation and chemical pollution represent two main drivers of freshwater biodiversity change in Mediterranean rivers. We investigated to what extent low !ow conditions can modify the effects of chemical pollution on macroinvertebrate communities. To that purpose, we selected twelve sampling sites in the upper Tagus river basin (central Spain) having different sources of chemical pollution and levels of seasonal hydrological variation. The sites were classi"ed as natural (high !ow variation, low chemical impact), agricultural (high !ow variation, high agricultural chemical inputs) and urban (limited !ow variation, high urban chemical inputs). In these sites, we measured daily water discharge, nutrients, and contaminant concentrations, and we sampled benthic macroinvertebrates, in spring, summer and autumn. Signi"cant differences related to toxic pres- sure and nutrient concentrations were observed between the three groups of sites. Seasonal patterns were found for some water quality parameters (e.g. nitrites, ammonia, suspended solids, metal toxicity), particularly in agri- cultural sites. Taxonomic and functional richness were slightly lower in the polluted sites (agricultural and urban), particularly during low !ow periods (summer and early autumn). Functional diversity was signi"cantly lower in sites with seasonal !ow variation (agricultural sites) as compared to the more constant ones (urban sites). The frequency of traits such as large size, asexual reproduction, aquatic passive dispersion and the produc- tion of cocoons increased in response to pollution during low !ow periods. This study shows that the impacts of anthropogenic chemical pollution on taxonomic and functional characteristics of macroinvertebrate communi- ties seem to be larger during low !ow periods. Therefore, further studies and monitoring campaigns assessing the effects of chemical pollution within these periods are recommended.
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- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144044
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- titre
- Climatic change and diet of the pre-Hispanic population of Gran Canaria (Canary Archipelago, Spain) during the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age
- auteur
- Christophe Lécuyer, Jean Goedert, Johanne Klee, Thibault Clauzel, Pascale Richardin, François Fourel, Teresa Delgado-Darias, Verónica Alberto-Barroso, Javier Velasco-Vázquez, Juan Francisco Betancort, Romain Amiot, Chloé Maréchal, Jean-Pierre Flandrois
- article
- Journal of Archaeological Science, 2021, 128, pp.105336. ⟨10.1016/j.jas.2021.105336⟩
- resume
- The hard and soft tissue remains of a pre-Hispanic population of the Gran Canaria Island at six different archaeological localities were studied using C-14 dating and stable isotope compositions. Radiocarbon dating indicates island occupation ranging from the beginning of the 7th to the mid-14th century. We analyzed the oxygen isotope compositions of apatite phosphate bones of some pre-Hispanic individuals. The oxygen isotope compositions of meteoric water (delta O-18(w)) show a significant decrease from -2.1 +/- 1.5 to-4.4 +/- 1.2 parts per thousand (VSMOW) from the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) to the Little Ice Age (LIA). This is interpreted to reflect a decrease in air temperature by about 5 +/- 3 degrees C. Archaeological data along with delta C-13, delta N-15 and delta S-34 values of soft tissue indicate that the pre-Hispanic population from Gran Canaria relied on agriculture throughout the 7th to mid-14th century. However, a significant contribution of seafood to the diet of the pre-Hispanic population is observed at archaeological sites located close to the shore. These results suggest cultural resilience in the pre-Hispanic population of Gran Canaria, reflected in the relative constancy of their diet in light of climate change.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.jas.2021.105336
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- titre
- Toward a Generalizable Framework of Disturbance Ecology Through Crowdsourced Science
- auteur
- Emily Graham, Colin Averill, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Joseph Knelman, Stefan Krause, Ariane Peralta, Ashley Shade, A. Peyton Smith, Susan Cheng, Nicolas Fanin, Cathryn Freund, Patricia Garcia, Sean Gibbons, Marc van Goethem, Marouen Ben Guebila, Julia Kemppinen, Robert Nowicki, Juli Pausas, Samuel Reed, Jennifer Rocca, Aditi Sengupta, Debjani Sihi, Marie Simonin, Michał Słowiński, Seth Spawn, Ira Sutherland, Jonathan Tonkin, Nathan Wisnoski, Samuel Zipper
- article
- Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2021, 9, ⟨10.3389/fevo.2021.588940⟩
- resume
- Disturbances fundamentally alter ecosystem functions, yet predicting their impacts remains a key scientific challenge. While the study of disturbances is ubiquitous across many ecological disciplines, there is no agreed-upon, cross-disciplinary foundation for discussing or quantifying the complexity of disturbances, and no consistent terminology or methodologies exist. This inconsistency presents an increasingly urgent challenge due to accelerating global change and the threat of interacting disturbances that can destabilize ecosystem responses. By harvesting the expertise of an interdisciplinary cohort of contributors spanning 42 institutions across 15 countries, we identified an essential limitation in disturbance ecology: the word ‘disturbance’ is used interchangeably to refer to both the events that cause, and the consequences of, ecological change, despite fundamental distinctions between the two meanings. In response, we developed a generalizable framework of ecosystem disturbances, providing a well-defined lexicon for understanding disturbances across perspectives and scales. The framework results from ideas that resonate across multiple scientific disciplines and provides a baseline standard to compare disturbances across fields. This framework can be supplemented by discipline-specific variables to provide maximum benefit to both inter- and intra-disciplinary research. To support future syntheses and meta-analyses of disturbance research, we also encourage researchers to be explicit in how they define disturbance drivers and impacts, and we recommend minimum reporting standards that are applicable regardless of scale. Finally, we discuss the primary factors we considered when developing a baseline framework and propose four future directions to advance our interdisciplinary understanding of disturbances and their social-ecological impacts: integrating across ecological scales, understanding disturbance interactions, establishing baselines and trajectories, and developing process-based models and ecological forecasting initiatives. Our experience through this process motivates us to encourage the wider scientific community to continue to explore new approaches for leveraging Open Science principles in generating creative and multidisciplinary ideas.
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- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.3389/fevo.2021.588940
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- titre
- Goldfish Response to Chronic Hypoxia: Mitochondrial Respiration, Fuel Preference and Energy Metabolism
- auteur
- Elie Farhat, Hang Cheng, Caroline Romestaing, Matthew Pamenter, Jean-Michel Weber
- article
- Metabolites, 2021, 11 (3), pp.187. ⟨10.3390/metabo11030187⟩
- resume
- Hypometabolism is a hallmark strategy of hypoxia tolerance. To identify potential mechanisms of metabolic suppression, we have used the goldfish to quantify the effects of chronically low oxygen (4 weeks; 10% air saturation) on mitochondrial respiration capacity and fuel preference. The responses of key enzymes from glycolysis, beta-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and Na+/K+-ATPase were also monitored in various tissues of this champion of hypoxia tolerance. Results show that mitochondrial respiration of individual tissues depends on oxygen availability as well as metabolic fuel oxidized. All the respiration parameters measured in this study (LEAK, OXPHOS, Respiratory Control Ratio, CCCP-uncoupled, and COX) are affected by hypoxia, at least for one of the metabolic fuels. However, no common pattern of changes in respiration states is observed across tissues, except for the general downregulation of COX that may help metabolic suppression. Hypoxia causes the brain to switch from carbohydrates to lipids, with no clear fuel preference in other tissues. It also downregulates brain Na+/K+-ATPase (40%) and causes widespread tissue-specific effects on glycolysis and beta-oxidation. This study shows that hypoxia-acclimated goldfish mainly promote metabolic suppression by adjusting the glycolytic supply of pyruvate, reducing brain Na+/K+-ATPase, and downregulating COX, most likely decreasing mitochondrial density.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.3390/metabo11030187
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- titre
- 3D microstructural study of selachimorph enameloid evolution
- auteur
- Clémentine Fellah, T. Douillard, E. Maire, S. Meille, Bruno Reynard, Gilles Cuny
- article
- Journal of Structural Biology, 2021, 213 (1), pp.107664. ⟨10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107664⟩
- resume
- Enameloid, the hyper-mineralized tissue covering shark teeth is a complex structure resulting from both ameloblast and odontoblast activity. The way these two types of cells interact to set up this tissue is not fully understood and results in the formation of subunits in the enameloid: the Single Crystallite Enameloid (SCE) and the Bundled Crystallite Enameloid (BCE). Using the Focused Ion Beam Nanotomography (FIB-nt), 3D images were produced to assess the relationship between the SCE and BCE of one fossil and one recent neoselachian shark teeth. 3D analysis of crystallite bundles reveals a strong connection between the crystallites forming the SCE and those forming the bundles of the Radial Bundle Enameloid (RBE), a component of the BCE, although it has been suggested that SCE and BCE have a different origin: epithelial for the SCE and mesenchymal for the BCE. Another significant result of the use of FIB-nt is the visualization of frequent branching among the radial bundles forming the RBE, including horizontal link between adjacent bundles. FIB-nt demonstrates therefore a strong potential to decipher the complex evolution of hyper-mineralised tissue in shark teeth, and, therefore, to better understand the evolution of tooth structure among basal Gnathostomes.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107664
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-

- titre
- Ecosystem maturity modulates greenhouse gases fluxes from artificial lakes
- auteur
- Fanny Colas, Jean-Marc Baudoin, Patricia Bonin, Léa Cabrol, Martin Daufresne, Rémy Lassus, Julien Cucherousset
- article
- Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 760, pp.144046. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144046⟩
- resume
- Lentic ecosystems play a major role in the global carbon cycling but the understanding of the environmental determinants of lake metabolism is still limited, notably in small artificial lakes. Here the effects of environmental conditions on lake metabolism and CO2 and CH4 emissions were quantified in 11 small artificial gravel pit lakes covering a gradient of ecosystem maturity, ranging from young oligotrophic to older, hypereutrophic lakes. The diffusive fluxes of CO2 and CH4 ranged from −30.10 to 37.78 mmol m−2 d−1 and from 3.05 to 25.45 mmol m−2 d−1 across gravel pit lakes, respectively. Nutrients and chlorophyll a concentrations were negatively correlated with CO2 concentrations and emissions but positively correlated with CH4 concentrations and emissions from lakes. These findings indicate that, as they mature, gravel pit lakes switch from heterotrophic to autotrophic-based metabolism and hence turn into CO2-sinks. In contrast, the emission of CH4 increased along the maturity gradient. As a result, eutrophication occurring during ecosystem maturity increased net emissions in terms of climate impact (CO2 equivalent) due to the higher contribution of CH4 emissions. Overall, mean CO2equivalent emission was 7.9 g m−2 d−1, a value 3.7 and 4.7 times higher than values previously reported in temperate lakes and reservoirs, respectively. While previous studies reported that lakes represent emitters of C to the atmosphere, this study highlights that eutrophication may reverse lake contribution to global C budgets. However, this finding is to be balanced with the fact that eutrophication also increased CH4 emissions and hence, enhanced the potential impact of these ecosystems on climate. Implementing mitigation strategies for maintaining intermediate levels of maturity is therefore needed to limit the impacts of small artificial waterbodies on climate. This could be facilitated by their small size and should be planned at the earliest stages of artificial lake construction.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144046
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- titre
- Behavioural responses of breeding arctic sandpipers to ground-surface temperature and primary productivity
- auteur
- Nicolas Meyer, Loïc Bollache, Matthias Galipaud, Jérôme Moreau, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Eve Afonso, Anders Angerbjörn, Joël Bêty, Glen Brown, Dorothée Ehrich, Vladimir Gilg, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Jannik Hansen, Richard Lanctot, Johannes Lang, Christopher Latty, Nicolas Lecomte, Laura Mckinnon, Lisa Kennedy, Jeroen Reneerkens, Sarah Saalfeld, Brigitte Sabard, Niels M. Schmidt, Benoît Sittler, Paul Smith, Aleksander Sokolov, Vasiliy Sokolov, Natalia Sokolova, Rob van Bemmelen, Øystein Varpe, Olivier Gilg
- article
- Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 755 (2), pp.142485. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142485⟩
- resume
- Most birds incubate their eggs, which requires time and energy at the expense of other activities. Birds generally have two incubation strategies: biparental where both mates cooperate in incubating eggs, and uniparental where a single parent incubates. In harsh and unpredictable environments, incubation is challenging due to high energetic demands and variable resource availability. We studied the relationships between the incubation behaviour of sandpipers (genus Calidris) and two environmental variables: temperature and a proxy of primary productivity (i.e. NDVI). We investigated how these relationships vary between incubation strategies and across species among strategies. We also studied how the relationship between current temperature and incubation behaviour varies with previous day's temperature. We monitored the incubation behaviour of nine sandpiper species using thermologgers at 15 arctic sites between 2016 and 2019. We also used thermologgers to record the ground surface temperature at conspecific nest sites and extracted NDVI values from a remote sensing product. We found no relationship between either environmental variables and biparental incubation behaviour. Conversely, as ground-surface temperature increased, uniparental species decreased total duration of recesses (TDR) and mean duration of recesses (MDR), but increased number of recesses (NR). Moreover, small species showed stronger relationships with ground-surface temperature than large species. When all uniparental species were combined, an increase in NDVI was correlated with higher mean duration, total duration and number of recesses, but relationships varied widely across species. Finally, some uniparental species showed a lag effect with a higher nest attentiveness after a warm day while more recesses occurred after a cold day than was predicted based on current temperatures. We demonstrate the complex interplay between shorebird incubation strategies, incubation behaviour, and environmental conditions. Understanding how species respond to changes in their environment during incubation helps predict their future reproductive success.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142485
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- titre
- A Simple Correction Term to Model Infiltration in Water‐Repellent Soils
- auteur
- M. Abou Najm, Ryan Stewart, Simone Di Prima, Laurent Lassabatère
- article
- Water Resources Research, 2021, 57 (2), pp.e2020WR028539. ⟨10.1029/2020WR028539⟩
- resume
- Soil water repellency can substantially alter hydrologic processes, particularly the ability of soils to infiltrate water. Water repellency often changes through time, making it difficult to simulate infiltration behaviors of water-repellent soils using standard models. Here, we propose a simple rate-based correction term that starts with a value of zero at the beginning of the infiltration process (t = 0) and asymptotically approaches 1 as time increases, thus simulating decreasing soil water repellency through time. The correction term can be used with any infiltration model. For this study, we selected a simple two-term infiltration equation and then, using two data sets of infiltration measurements conducted in soils with varying water repellency, compared model error with versus without the added term. The correction substantially reduced model error, particularly in more repellent soils. At the same time, the rate constant parameter introduced in the new model may be useful to better understand dynamics of soil water repellency and to provide more consistent interpretations of hydraulic properties in water-repellent soils.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1029/2020WR028539
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- titre
- Influence of stormwater infiltration systems on the structure and the activities of groundwater biofilms: Are the effects restricted to rainy periods?
- auteur
- Yohan Lebon, Simon Navel, Maylis Moro, Jérémy Voisin, Benoit Cournoyer, Clémentine François, Laurence Volatier, Florian Mermillod-Blondin
- article
- Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 755, pp.142451. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142451⟩
- resume
- Stormwater infiltration systems (SIS) have been set up to collect and infiltrate urban stormwater runoff in order to reduce flooding and to artificially recharge aquifers. Such practices produce environmental changes in shallow groundwater ecosystems like an increase in organic matter concentrations that could drive changes in structure and functions of ground water microbial communities. Previous works suggested that SIS influence groundwater physico-chemistry during either rainy and dry period but no study has examined the impact of SIS on ground water microorganisms during both periods. This study aimed to fill this gap by assessing SIS impacts on groundwater quality parameters in three SIS with vadose zone thickness < 3 m during two contrasting meteorological conditions (rainy/dry periods). Physicochemical (dissolved organic carbon and nutrient concentrations) and microbial variables (biomass, dehydrogenase and hydrolytic activities, and bacterial community structure) were assessed on SIS-impacted and non-SIS-impacted zones of the aquifers for the three SIS. Using clay beads incubated in the aquifer to collect microbial biofilm, we show that SIS increased microbial activities, bacterial richness and diversity in groundwater biofilms during the rainy period but not during the dry period. In contrast, the significant differences in dissolved organic carbon and nutrient concentrations, biofilm biomass and bacterial community structures (Bray-Curtis distances, relative abundances of main bacterial orders) measured between SIS-impacted and non-SIS-impacted zones of the aquifer were comparable during the two periods. These results suggest that structural indicators of biofilm like biomass were probably controlled by long-term effects of SIS on concentrations of dissolved organic matter and nutrients whereas biofilm activities and bacterial richness were temporally stimulated by stormwater runoff infiltrations during the rainy period. This decoupling between the structural and functional responses of groundwater biofilms to stormwater infiltration practices suggests that biofilms functions were highly reactive to fluxes associated with aquifer recharge events.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142451
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- titre
- 3D modelling of solute transport and mixing during managed aquifer recharge with an infiltration basin
- auteur
- Tidjani Bahar, Laurent Oxarango, Hélène Castebrunet, Yvan Rossier, Florian Mermillod-Blondin
- article
- Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 2021, 237, pp.103758. ⟨10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103758⟩
- resume
- Artificial basins are used to recharge groundwater by many municipalities to improve the sustainability of storm water management. Despite its increasing operational implementation, artificial recharge still raises numerous questions related to its impact on groundwater quality. In this paper, a 3D numerical model of MAR basin/ aquifer system was implemented in order to simulate the fate of water and pollutants. It was used to illustrate the complex distribution in time and space of a tracer contaminant injected in the basin. The model was based on a well instrumented storm water infiltration basin located in Chassieu (Lyon area, France). The well-known Richards model was used to simulate the water flow in the saturated and unsaturated zone of the study site. The transfer of solutes in the basin/aquifer system was modelled by the advection-dispersion-equation (ADE). The model was calibrated during a rain event using hydraulic head and electric conductivity data from a set of piezometers located around the basin. The flow model was validated on a one month period of basin operation presenting several rain events. The model was then used to simulate the fate of a solute pollutant considered as a tracer during a high intensity rain event. This simplified test case illustrated the mechanism of capillary trapping in the vadose zone and the effect of sampling point location on concentration measurements. Three main results were obtained: (1) capillary trapping promoted a retention of up to 20% of the injected tracer in the vadose zone, (2) 0 to 24% of the injected solute concentration could be recovered depending on the piezometer location, (3) the averaged concentration decreased by 50% if the measuring device is lowered by 5 m under the water table. These results were strongly site and event dependant but observed trends should be considered while discussing punctual water quality measurements used to monitor MAR systems. It also allowed to suggest some guidelines for sampling point positioning.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103758
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-

- titre
- Water-level fluctuation enhances sediment and trace metal mobility in lake littoral
- auteur
- Nathalie Lécrivain, Bernard Clément, Aymeric Dabrin, Juliette Seigle-Ferrand, Damien Bouffard, Emmanuel Naffrechoux, Victor Frossard
- article
- Chemosphere, 2021, 264 (2), pp.128451. ⟨10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128451⟩
- resume
- Water-level fluctuation (WLF) is a widespread management action in lakes and reservoirs whose impacts on contaminant fate have seldom been investigated. We used near shore hourly measurements (n = 2122) of turbidity (contaminant proxy) and water velocity (sediment resuspension proxy) to track high-frequency contaminant dynamics during a 0.6 m change in water level observed in autumn 2017 in a large French lake. Simultaneously, discrete trace metal measurements highlighted that trapped sediment was more contaminated and finer than surficial sediment supporting that suspended particles (measured by turbidity) were a preferential medium for contaminant mobility. General additive models involving tensor products revealed the enhancement of wind-speed and river discharge effects on turbidity with water draw down. The decrease of the explained deviances by the models over time-lags indicated short time-scale response of turbidity to external forcing. Three of the four major turbid events occurred at the lowest water-level and were concomitant of sediment resuspension as well as precipitation events and/or river flood suggesting a complex interplay among in-lake and watershed processes at controlling sediment mobility during the WLF. These results shed in light that WLF can affect lake littoral hydrodynamic cascading up to the enhancement of contaminant mobility. Sediment resuspension may be an overlooked feature of WLF increasing contamination risk and exposure for littoral organisms with widespread ecological consequences due to the large number of water-level regulated ecosystems.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128451
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-

- titre
- Low oxygen levels can help to prevent the detrimental effect of acute warming on mitochondrial efficiency in fish
- auteur
- Elisa Thoral, Damien Roussel, Christos Chinopoulos, Loïc Teulier, Karine Salin
- article
- Biology Letters, 2021, 17 (2), pp.20200759. ⟨10.1098/rsbl.2020.0759⟩
- resume
- Aerobic metabolism of aquatic ectotherms is highly sensitive to fluctuating cli- mates. Many mitochondrial traits exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to acute variations in temperature and oxygen availability. These responses are critical for understanding the effects of environmental variations on aquatic ectotherms’ performance. Using the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, we determined the effects of acute warming and deoxygenation in vitro on mitochondrial respiratory capacities and mitochondrial efficiency to produce ATP (ATP/O ratio). We show that acute warming reduced ATP/O ratio but deoxygenation marginally raised ATP/O ratio, leading to a compensatory effect of low oxygen availability on mitochondrial ATP/O ratio at high temp- erature. The acute effect of warming and deoxygenation on mitochondrial efficiency might be related to the leak of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, as the mitochondrial respiration required to counteract the proton leak increased with warming and decreased with deoxygenation. Our study underlines the importance of integrating the combined effects of temperature and oxygen availability on mitochondrial metabolism. Predic- tions on decline in performance of aquatic ectotherms owing to climate change may not be accurate, since these predictions typically look at respirat- ory capacity and ignore efficiency of ATP production.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0759
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- titre
- EvoSheep : The Makeup of Sheep Breeds in the Ancient Near East
- auteur
- Emmanuelle Vila, Philippe Abrahami, Moussab Albesso, Agraw Amane, Camille Bader, Rémi Berthon, Sofiane Bouzid, Daniel Bradley, Catherine Breniquet, Jwana Chahoud, Thomas Cucchi, Hossein Davoudi, Bea de Cupere, Gilles Escarguel, Oscar Estrada, Lionel Gourichon, Daniel Helmer, Wei Huangfu, Joséphine Lesur, Marjan Mashkour, Cécile Michel, Azadeh Mohaseb, François Pompanon, Jacqueline Studer, Manon Vuillien
- article
- Antiquity, 2021, 95 (379), pp.e2, 1-8. ⟨10.15184/aqy.2020.247⟩
- resume
- The EVOSHEEP project combines archaeozoology, geometric morphometrics and genetics to study archaeo- logical sheep assemblages dating from the sixth to the first millennia BC in eastern Africa, the Levant, the Ana- tolian South Caucasus, the Iranian Plateau and Mesopotamia. The project aims to understand changes in the physical appearance and phenotypic characteristics of sheep and how these related to the appearance of new breeds and the demand for secondary products to supply the textile industry.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.15184/aqy.2020.247
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- titre
- Long-term impacts of nutrient control, climate change, and invasive clams on phytoplankton and cyanobacteria biomass in a large temperate river
- auteur
- Camille Minaudo, András Abonyi, Maria Leitão, Anne Marie Lançon, Mathieu Floury, Jean-Pierre Descy, Florentina Moatar
- article
- Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 756, pp.144074. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144074⟩
- resume
- Recent studies suggest that climate change, with warmer water temperatures and lower and longer low flows, may enhance harmful planktic cyanobacterial growth in lakes and large rivers. Concomitantly, controlling nutrient load- ings has proven effective in reducing phytoplankton biomass especially in North America and Western Europe. In addition, the impact of invasive benthic filter-feeder species such as Corbicula on phytoplankton has largely been overlooked in large rivers, leading to even more uncertainty in predicting future trajectories in river water quality. To investigate how nutrient control, climate change and invasion of benthic filter-feeders may affect phytoplank- ton biomass and composition, we assembled a large database on the entire water course of the River Loire (France) over three decades (1991–2019). We focus on cyanobacteria to provide an in-depth analysis of the 30-year trend and insights on future possible trajectories. Since 1991, total phytoplankton and cyanobacteria bio- masses have decreased 10-fold despite warmer water temperature (+0.23 °C·decade−1) and lower summer flow (−0.25 L·s−1·km−2·decade−1). In the long-term, the contribution of planktic cyanobacteria to total bio- mass was on average 2.8%. The main factors driving total phytoplankton and cyanobacteria biomasses were total phosphorus (4-fold decrease), the abundance of Corbicula clams (from absence before 1998 to 250–1250 individuals·m−2 after 2010), the duration of summer low flows and the intensity of summer heatwaves. The River Loire constitutes an example in Europe of how nutrient control can be an efficient mitigation strategy, counteracting already visible effects of climate change on the thermal regime and flow pattern of the river. This may hold true under future conditions, but further work is needed to account for the climate trajectory, land and water use scenarios, the risk of enhanced benthic biofilm and macrophyte proliferation, together with the spread of invasive filter-feeding bivalves.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144074
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- titre
- Bernhard Statzner: Introducing a virtual special issue marking the contributions of an outstanding freshwater biologist
- auteur
- Sylvain Dolédec, Nicolas Lamouroux, Alan Hildrew, Vincent Resh
- article
- Freshwater Biology, 2021, 66 (2), pp.205-210. ⟨10.1111/fwb.13676⟩
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1111/fwb.13676
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- titre
- A simple ATAC-seq protocol for population epigenetics
- auteur
- Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto, Olivier REY, Céline Cosseau, Cristian Chaparro, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Jean-François Allienne, David Duval, Silvain Pinaud, Sina Tönges, Ranja Andriantsoa, Émilien Luquet, Fabien Aubret, Mamadou Dia Sow, Patrice David, Vicki Thomson, Dominique D. Joly, Mariana Gomes Lima, Déborah Federico, Etienne Danchin, Aki Minoda, Christoph Grunau
- article
- Wellcome Open Research, 2021, 5, pp.121. ⟨10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15552.2⟩
- resume
- We describe here a protocol for the generation of sequence-ready libraries for population epigenomics studies, and the analysis of alignment results. We show that the protocol can be used to monitor chromatin structure changes in populations when exposed to environmental cues. The protocol is a streamlined version of the Assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) that provides a positive display of accessible, presumably euchromatic regions. The protocol is straightforward and can be used with small individuals such as daphnia and schistosome worms, and probably many other biological samples of comparable size (~10,000 cells), and it requires little molecular biology handling expertise.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15552.2
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- titre
- Gathering at the top? Environmental controls of microplastic uptake and biomagnification in freshwater food webs
- auteur
- Stefan Krause, Viktor Baranov, Holly A Nel, Jennifer D Drummond, Anna Kukkola, Timothy Hoellein, Gregory H Sambrook Smith, Joerg Lewandowski, Berta Bonet, Aaron I Packman, Jon Sadler, Valentyna Inshyna, Steve Allen, Deonie Allen, Laurent Simon, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Iseult Lynch
- article
- Environmental Pollution, 2021, 268, pp.115750. ⟨10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115750⟩
- resume
- Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment, with high concentrations being detected now also in river corridors and sediments globally. Whilst there has been increasing field evidence of microplastics accumulation in the guts and tissues of freshwater and marine aquatic species, the uptake mechanisms of microplastics into freshwater food webs, and the physical and geological controls on pathway-specific exposures to microplastics, are not well understood. This knowledge gap is hampering the assessment of exposure risks, and potential ecotoxicological and public health impacts from microplastics. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of key research challenges in analysing the envi- ronmental fate and transport of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems, including the identification of hydrological, sedimentological and particle property controls on microplastic accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. This mechanistic analysis outlines the dominant pathways for exposure to microplastics in freshwater ecosystems and identifies potentially critical uptake mechanisms and entry pathways for microplastics and associated contaminants into aquatic food webs as well as their risk to accumulate and biomagnify. We identify seven key research challenges that, if overcome, will permit the advancement beyond current conceptual limitations and provide the mechanistic process understanding required to assess microplastic exposure, uptake, hazard, and overall risk to aquatic systems and humans, and provide key insights into the priority impact pathways in freshwater ecosystems to support environmental man- agement decision making.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115750
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- titre
- Ecophysiological models for global invaders: Is Europe a big playground for the African clawed frog?
- auteur
- Philipp Ginal, Mohlamatsane Mokhatla, Natasha Kruger, Jean Secondi, Anthony Herrel
- article
- Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology, 2021, 335 (1), pp.158-172. ⟨10.1002/jez.2432⟩
- resume
- One principle threat prompting the worldwide decline of amphibians is the introduction of nonindigenous amphibians. The African Clawed Frog, Xenopus laevis, is now one of the widest distributed amphibians occurring on four continents with ongoing range expansion including large parts of Europe. Species distribution models (SDMs) are essential tools to predict the invasive risk of these species. Previous efforts have focused on correlative approaches but these can be vulnerable to extrapolation errors when projecting species' distributions in nonnative ranges. Recent developments emphasise more robust process‐based models, which use physiological data like critical thermal limits and performance, or hybrid models using both approaches. Previous correlative SDMs predict different patterns in the potential future distribution of X. laevis in Europe, but it is likely that these models do not assess its full invasive potential. Based on physiological performance trials, we calculate size and temperature‐ dependent response surfaces, which are scaled to geographic performance layers matching the critical thermal limits. We then use these ecophysiological performance layers in a standard correlative SDM framework to predict the potential distribution in southern Africa and Europe. Physiological performance traits (standard metabolic rate and endurance time of adult frogs) are the main drivers for the predicted distribution, while the locomotor performance (maximum velocity and distance moved in 200 ms) of adults and tadpoles have low contributions.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1002/jez.2432
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- titre
- Root fungal endophytes: Identity, phylogeny and roles in plant tolerance to metal stress
- auteur
- Louise Barberis, Serge Michalet, Florence Piola, Philippe Binet
- article
- Fungal Biology, 2021, 125, pp.326-345. ⟨10.1016/j.funbio.2020.11.011⟩
- resume
- Metal trace elements accumulate in soils mainly because of anthropic activities, leading living organisms to develop strategies to handle metal toxicity. Plants often associate with root endophytic fungi, including nonmycorrhizal fungi, and some of these organisms are associated with metal tolerance. The lack of synthetic analyses of plant-endophyte-metal tripartite systems and the scant consideration for taxonomy led to this review aiming (1) to inventory non-mycorrhizal root fungal endophytes described with respect to their taxonomic diversity and (2) to determine the mutualistic roles of these plant-fungus associations under metal stress. More than 1500 species in 100 orders (mainly Hypocreales and Pleo- sporales) were reported from a wide variety of environments and hosts. Most reported endophytes had a positive effect on their host under metal stress, but with various effects on metal uptake or translocation and no clear taxonomic consistency. Future research considering the functional patterns and dynamics of these associations is thus encouraged.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.11.011
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- titre
- Investigating the impact of exit effects on solute transport in macroporous media
- auteur
- Jérôme Raimbault, Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau, Denis Courtier-Murias, Thomas Bigot, Jaime Gil Roca, Béatrice Bechet, Laurent Lassabatère
- article
- Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2021, 25 (2), pp.671-683. ⟨10.5194/hess-25-671-2021⟩
- resume
- The effect of macropore flow on solute transport has spurred much research over the last forty years. In this study, non-reactive solute transport in water-saturated columns filled with porous media crossed by a macropore was experimentally and numerically investigated. The emphasis was put on the study of exit effects, whose very existence is inherent to the finite size of any experimental column. We specifically investigated the impact of a filter at the column outlet on water flow and solute transport in macroporous systems. Experiments involving breakthrough measurements and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that solute transport displayed some significant non-unidirectional features, with a strong mass exchange at the interface between the macropore and the matrix. Fluid dynamics and transport simulations indicated that this was due to the non-unidirectional nature of the flow field close to the outlet filter. The flow near the exit of the column was shown to be strongly impacted by the presence of the outlet filter, which acts as a barrier and redistributes water from the macropore to the matrix. This impact was apparent on the breakthrough curves and the MRI images. It was also confirmed by computer simulations and could, if not properly taken into account, impede the accurate inference of the transport properties of macroporous media from breakthrough experiments.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.5194/hess-25-671-2021
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- titre
- Patterns of bird song evolution on islands support the character release hypothesis in tropical but not in temperate latitudes
- auteur
- Aloïs Robert, Martim Melo, Thierry Lengagne, Sacha Julien, Doris Gomez, Claire Doutrelant
- article
- Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2021, 34 (10), pp.1580 - 1591. ⟨10.1111/jeb.13928⟩
- resume
- The character release hypothesis—which predicts that a decline in interspecific competition leads to the expansion of trait expression—remains to be tested for communication signals. Taking advantage of the fact that oceanic islands host fewer species than the mainland, we tested whether island birds show an increase in frequency bandwidth of acoustic signals compared with mainland birds. Given the higher animal diversity and more saturated acoustic space in the tropics, we expected acoustic character release, if any, to be stronger in the tropics than in the temperate zone. We field recorded 22 bird species (11 pairs consisting of an endemic island species and its closest mainland relative) breeding at similar latitudes and in similar habitats: six tropical pairs (São Tomé Island/Mount Cameroon) and five temperate pairs (Madeira Island/southern France). For each species, we measured the degree of acoustic interference experienced when vocalizing and the spectral characteristics of its song (minimum and maximum frequencies, bandwidth). As expected, island species spent more time vocalizing alone, and any overlap in vocalizations involved fewer species. The vocalizations of island species spanned broader frequency bandwidths than their mainland counterparts in the tropics (true for all six pairs), but this pattern was less evident in the temperate region (2/5 pairs with no marked differences and 1/5 with opposite pattern). Overall, the character release of communication signals only occurred where the differential in number of species was large (tropics). We discuss latitude differences and the potential factors driving the observed differences.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1111/jeb.13928
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- titre
- Wild versus lab house mice: Effects of age, diet, and genetics on molar geometry and topography
- auteur
- Yoland Savriama, Caroline Romestaing, Angéline Clair, Laetita Averty, Julie Ulmann, Ronan Ledevin, Sabrina Renaud
- article
- Journal of Anatomy, 2021, 240 (1), pp.66-83. ⟨10.1111/joa.13529⟩
- resume
- Molar morphology is shaped by phylogenetic history and adaptive processes related to food processing. Topographic parameters of the occlusal surface, such as sharpness and relief, can be especially informative regarding diet preferences of a species. The occlusal surface can however be deeply modified by wear throughout an animal's life, potentially obliterating other signals. Age being difficult to assess in wild populations, especially small rodents, experimental studies of wear through age in laboratory populations may constitute a powerful way to assess its impact on molar geometry and topography, and to validate descriptors of molar morphology that could mitigate this issue. Molar morphology was therefore quantified using 3D geometric morphometrics and topographic estimates in four groups of house mice: wild-trapped mice, lab-bred offspring of these wild mice, typical laboratory mice, and their hybrids. Three descriptors of the molar morphology were considered: the surface of the whole molar row, the surface of the first upper molar, and a truncated template of the first upper molar mimicking advanced wear. Increasing wear with age was demonstrated in the different groups, with a more pronounced effect in the wild-trapped population. The geometry of the molar row is not only modified by wear, but also by the relative position of the late developing molars on the jaw due to loading during mastication. As a consequence, the alignment of the molars is modified in wild mice, showing a qualitative difference between wild animals and their lab-bred offspring. Results obtained from the lab should thus be transferred with caution to the interpretation of differences in wild populations. Topographic estimates computed for the first upper molar seems to provide more stable parameters than those based on the whole molar row, because issues related to non-planar occlusal surface along the molar row are discarded. The truncated template was proven efficient in discarding the wear effect to focus on genetic differences, allowing an efficient characterization of the hybridization signature between wild and lab mice. Dominance of the wild phenotype for the first molar shape supports that the lab strain evolved in a context of relaxation of the selective pressures related to nutrition.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1111/joa.13529
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- titre
- Sequential infiltration analysis of infiltration curves measured with disc infiltrometer in layered soils
- auteur
- D Moret-Fernández, B Latorre, L Lassabatere, S Di Prima, M Castellini, D Yilmaz, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo
- article
- Journal of Hydrology, 2021, 600, pp.126542. ⟨10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126542⟩
- resume
- The soil sorptivity, S, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, can be estimated from the inverse analysis of a cumulative infiltration curve using the quasi-exact implicit (QEI) formulation or its corresponding 4-Terms (4T) approximation. Although these models consider the soil as homogeneous media, there is no information about how heterogeneous profiles can affect the inferred soil properties. This work analyzes the influence of layered soils on Ks and S estimates using QEI and 4T models, and designs a new procedure for treating infiltration curves measured on layered soil profiles. The Sequential Infiltration Analysis (SIA) method considers a sequence of increasing time series from the cumulative infiltration data to estimate Ks and S, and its corresponding RMSE as a function of the number of samples used. A procedure to estimate the thickness of the upper uniform soil layer from the estimated wetting front advance (WFA) is also reported. The SIA method was applied on: (i) synthetic homogeneous profiles of loam soil and six layered profiles involving a 1, 2 and 3 cm thickness loam layer over silty or sandy loam soils, respectively, (ii) stratified laboratory soil columns, and (iii) 20 experimental infiltrations performed in a semiarid region of North-Eastern Spain. Similar results were found between QEI and 4T models for all cases. Erroneous estimates of Ks and S were observed when the total infiltration time series was considered for the analysis, regardless of the presence of soil layering. In opposite, estimates improved when the SIA method was applied to the layered systems. The SIA method exploits the fact that the RMSE increases when the wetting front reaches the interface between the soil layers. Such increase allows: (i) detection of the soil heterogeneity, (ii) determination of the infiltration time, to, required for the wetting front to reach the lower layer, and, (iii) accurate estimates of the upper layer Ks and S along with its thickness. Laboratory experiments on layered soils and field measurements demonstrated that the SIA method could be satisfactorily applied on different curves with contrasting shapes and magnitudes. Although soil layering encountered on most field samplings restricted the treatment of the observed infiltrations to short-medium times, the SIA method allowed robust estimates of Ks and S. These results indicate that the proposed method is a promising tool for characterizing the hydraulic properties of layered and heterogeneous soil profiles
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126542
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- titre
- The hydrologic behavior of Loess and Marl soils in response to biochar and polyacrylamide mulching under laboratorial rainfall simulation conditions
- auteur
- Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi, Zeinab Hazbavi, Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani, Habibollah Younesi, Padidehsadat Sadeghi, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, Laurent Lassabatère
- article
- Journal of Hydrology, 2021, 592, pp.125620. ⟨10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125620⟩
- resume
- Due to the high costs associated with the control of soil erosion, the precise selection of practical techniques towards this end is a prerequisite for sustainable land management. For the proper application of anti-erosion measures, a good knowledge of the behavior of soil erosion and hydrological properties is required. Research has indicated that biochar (BC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) are important soil amendments to enhance the physical and hydrological characteristics of soil. However, little is known about the response and mechanisms underlying the wearing away of Marl and Loess erosion-prone soils treated with individually and with a com- bination of BC and PAM. Therefore, we tested the effectiveness of these anti-erosion techniques on the variability of 1) hydrological components (i.e., time to runoff, the runoff coefficient, and infiltration), 2) runoff quality components (i.e., pH and electrical conductivity (EC)), and 3) erosion components (i.e., upward-splash, down- ward-splash, net-splash erosion, soil loss, and sediment concentration) at two locations with the Marl and Loess soils under rainfall simulation conditions. The study treatments consisted of control (200 ml water), BC (800 g m− 2), PAM (2 g m− 2), and BC (800 g m− 2) + PAM (2 g m− 2). The treatments were sprayed uniformly over the small plots (0.3 × 0.5 × 0.5 m in dimension; 0.25 m2 in area) with a slope of 20% using three replicates. Rainfall with an intensity of 50 mm h− 1 for 0.5 h was applied. The results showed that (a) the use of PAM alone delayed the time to runoff with a rate of 41.4% compared to the control treatment in the Marl soil, and all treatments delayed the time to runoff for the Loess soil (BC = 37.1% and PAM = BC + PAM = 12.9%); (b) among the study treatments, PAM had the greatest effect as it decreased the runoff coefficient by 2.47% and 13.67%, and improved infiltration by 0.02% and 0.13% in Marl and Loess soils, respectively; (c) BC and BC + PAM increased the pH values of the runoff whereas the application of PAM partially reduced the pH compared to the control plot in both the soils studied; (d) the application of BC and BC + PAM significantly (p < 0.05) increased the EC of runoff released from both tested soils. In contrast, PAM had the least influence on the EC of the runoff compared to the control condition; (e) the maximum effect on the reduction of soil loss was attributed to BC for Marl and Loess soils with rates of − 14.07% and − 83.21%, respectively. Additionally, the maximum benefit of the reduction in sediment concentration was attributed to PAM (-14.87%) and BC (− 78.35%), respectively, in Marl and Loess soils; (f) all treatments reduced the upward-splash, downward-splash, and the net-splash erosion for both soils studied in the range of − 13.69% (BC + PAM in Loess soil) to − 73.68% (BC in Marl soil) in comparison with the control treatment.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125620
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- titre
- 3D models related to the publication: Wild versus lab house mice: Effects of age, diet, and genetics on molar geometry and topography.
- auteur
- Sabrina Renaud, Caroline Romestaing, Yoland Savriama
- article
- MorphoMuseum, 2021, 7 (3), pp.e141. ⟨10.18563/journal.m3.141⟩
- resume
- This contribution contains 3D models of upper molar rows of house mice (Mus musculus domesticus). The erupted parts of the right row and of the first upper molar are presented for specimens belonging to four groups: wild-trapped mice, wild-derived lab offspring, a typical laboratory strain (Swiss) and hybrids between wild-derived and Swiss mice. These models are analyzed in the following publication: Savriama et al 2021: Wild versus lab house mice: Effects of age, diet, and genetics on molar geometry and topography.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.18563/journal.m3.141
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- titre
- Kräusel’s eight genera for fossil softwoods: types, nomenclature, and taxonomy
- auteur
- Marc Philippe, Volker Wilde
- article
- IAWA Journal, 2021, 42 (1), pp.81-91. ⟨10.1163/22941932-bja10039⟩
- resume
- Seventy years after its publication Kräusel’s review of fossil conifer woods is still among the most quoted references in this field. Several of his earlier contributions are foundational works, but they have largely been overlooked, which has led to some misinterpretations. We reviewed the taxonomy and nomenclature of the eight genera Kräusel described for fossil conifer wood. Two of them should not be used. The genus Protophyllocladoxylon is neotypified. Several synonymies are proposed and the way Kräusel used generic names is briefly discussed.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1163/22941932-bja10039
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- titre
- Great tits ( Parus major ) adequately respond to both allopatric combinatorial mobbing calls and their isolated parts
- auteur
- Ambre Salis, Jean-Paul Léna, Thierry Lengagne
- article
- Ethology, 2021, 127 (3), pp.213-222. ⟨10.1111/eth.13111⟩
- resume
- When mobbing a predator, birds often produce specific mobbing calls that are efficient in recruiting both conspecifics and heterospecifics. Recent studies on Parids have demonstrated that these mobbing calls are in fact a combination of two distinct calls-first, introductory notes eliciting vigilance in the receiver, then broadband frequency notes (D notes) triggering approach. Debates on a parallel between human syntax and this form of combination have emerged. The degree to which this combinatoriality is perceived in heterospecific communication may shed light onto the relative complexity of such combinatoriality. In this study, our aim was to determine whether European great tits (Parus major) appropriately responded to mobbing calls (and their isolated parts) of an allopatric species, the black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus), a North-American species which produces similar combinatorial mobbing calls. In addition, we tested whether the behavioural response to complete mobbing sequences was different than the simple sum of its two constituents. As we hypothesized, great tits behaved differently when hearing the two isolated calls or the complete mobbing sequence: they produced calls and displayed excitement signs only towards the complete mobbing sequence. Moreover, great tits responded to the introductory and D notes by respectively scanning and approaching, and to the complete sequence by mobbing. Our results altogether support the emerging hypothesis of semantic compositionality in Parids, although the present study does not definitively demonstrate the existence of this cognitive process in the great tit.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1111/eth.13111
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- titre
- How subtle protocol choices can affect biological conclusions? An example with how great tits respond to allopatric mobbing calls.
- auteur
- Ambre Salis, Jean-Paul Léna, Thierry Lengagne
- article
- Animal Behavior and Cognition, 2021, 8 (2), pp.152-165. ⟨10.26451/abc.08.02.05.2021⟩
- resume
- In the last ten years, numerous replicated studies showed divergent results from the original papers, leading to the recognition that science may be facing a replication crisis. Apart from fraud or natural population variability, different results may emerge from flexibility in the protocol and/or restricted sample sizes. Replication studies are therefore fundamental to assess how robust a finding can be. However, while the original authors may be prone to p-hacking (to collect data, select data or use statistical analyses until nonsignificant results become significant), the replication-authors are, on the contrary, probably unwittingly prone to show opposite results (i.e., null-hacking). In this study, we face the unique opportunity to compare replicated studies with no null-hacking bias. Two teams independently investigated the response of great tits (Parus major) to mobbing calls of an allopatric species, in their natural and reversed order, on the same population. We first discuss how subtle protocol choices, especially regarding the soundtrack preparation and playback methodology, can explain variation in the results. In addition, we show that, although the effect sizes of the differences of interest are similar, biological conclusions solely based on the p-value would be different. Thus, we note the pitfall of reliance on p values, especially with small samples.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.26451/abc.08.02.05.2021
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- titre
- Artificial light at night alters activity, body mass, and corticosterone level in a tropical anuran
- auteur
- Jean Secondi, Nathalie Mondy, Jérôme Marcel Walter Gippet, Morgane Touzot, Vanessa Gardette, Ludovic Guillard, Thierry Lengagne
- article
- Behavioral Ecology, 2021, 32 (5), pp.932-940. ⟨10.1093/beheco/arab044⟩
- resume
- Photoperiod is a major factor regulating biological rhythms in animals and plants. At low latitudes, annual variation in daylength is low and species are expected to strongly rely on photic cues to reset their circadian clocks. A corollary is that individuals should be strongly affected by sudden changes in the photic regime as those generated by artificial light at night (ALAN). We tested this hypothesis in an anuran in Costa Rica (10°N). Using an outdoor experimental design, we exposed adult cane toads Rhinella marina, a broadly distributed tropical anuran species to two ALAN intensities (0.04 and 5 lx). Locomotor activity was reduced at the lowest intensity, and the activity pattern shifted from crepuscular to nocturnal. Contrary to humans and mice in which ALAN favor obesity, toads from the two exposed groups did not gain mass whereas controls did. Corticosterone was reduced at the highest intensity, a possible consequence of the reduced activity of toads or the altered regulation of their circadian pattern. Thus, the behavioral and physiological disruption that we observed supports the hypothesis of the strong reliance on photic cues to regulate circadian rhythms and control homeostasis in this intertropical anuran. Furthermore, our results suggest that the negative effects of ALAN on physiology, in particular body mass regulation, may differ between vertebrate groups, thus preventing anticipated generalization before more comparative studies have been carried out. We stress the importance of considering the impact of the changing nocturnal environment in the intertropical zone which host the largest fraction of biodiversity.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1093/beheco/arab044
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- titre
- Noël Bernard (1874-1911), du maître des orchidées au pionnier de la symbiose végétale.
- auteur
- Daniel Prat
- article
- Histoire de la recherche contemporaine : la revue du Comité pour l’histoire du CNRS , 2021, 10, pp.108-109
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- titre
- Herbivory increases on freshwater plants exposed to artificial light at night
- auteur
- Nathalie Mondy, Christelle Boisselet, Sophie Poussineau, Félix Vallier, Thierry Lengagne, Jean Secondi, Caroline Romestaing, Maxime Geay, Sara Puijalon
- article
- Aquatic Botany, 2021, 175, pp.103447. ⟨10.1016/j.aquabot.2021.103447⟩
- resume
- Artificial light at night (ALAN) is recognized as one of the major anthropogenic pollutants jeopardizing biodiversity at a global scale. Few studies have focused on the impacts of nocturnal light on freshwater ecosystems despite their increasing exposure to light pollution worldwide due to human activities along rivers or lakes. By modifying metabolism, the disruption of natural light regime could modify the leaf palatability and affect the plant-herbivore interactions which can partly determine the structure of macrophyte communities. By experimentally mimicking light conditions from sub-urban areas, we measured the effects of low-level light at night on the leaf traits of an aquatic plant, Ceratophyllum demersum, and herbivory by the snail Lymnaea stagnalis, a generalist feeder. We demonstrate that artificial light at night increases the herbivory rate: leaves of C. demersum that had been exposed to ALAN for three months were 1.6 times more consumed by L. stagnalis than control leaves. The increase in C. demersum palatability to the pond snail when plants were exposed to ALAN was not due to a decrease in dry matter content or to a modification of the biomechanical characteristics of the leaves. Because snails have not been exposed to nocturnal light before or during the herbivory experiment, this increase in leaf palatability, is possibly linked to modifications of primary and/or secondary metabolism. Our results suggest that ALAN is a potential key factor affecting ecological processes in aquatic ecosystems such as trophic networks.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.aquabot.2021.103447
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- titre
- Forest management and population dynamics of the Yellow-bellied Toad (Bombina variegata): bibliographic review and conservation measures
- auteur
- Hugo Cayuela, Eric Bonnaire, Julian Pichenot, Aurélien Besnard
- article
- Bulletin de la Société Herpétologique de France, 2021, 178, pp.38-56. ⟨10.48716/bullshf.178-3⟩
- resume
- During the 20th century, yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata) populations suffered from a strong decline in western Europe, especially in France. The causes of this decline are potentially multiple, including habitat loss and fragmentation, and climate change. To date, production forests host the largest yellow-bellied toad populations in France. Conservation of this species is thus tightly linked to forest management practices. During the last decade, intensification of forest harvesting led to the increasing systematic removal of ruts, the preferential breeding habitat of yellow-bellied toad in production forests. Enstonement of forest paths and timber storage areas, and the rapid filling of ruts after forest harvesting, are potential causes of decline for this species. Here, we synthetize the results of papers focusing on the impact of forest management practices on yellow-bellied toad population dynamics. We started our review paper with a comparative demographic analysis between populations from riverine habitat and production forest. After highlighting the demographic characteristics of forest populations, we documented the influence of path enstonement and road pavement on yellow-bellied toad dispersal. We also reported the effect of rut patch destruction on adult survival and long-term population viability. In the light of scientific evidences gathered in our synthesis, we concluded that these forest management practices pose a major threat for forest populations viability and persistence. We proposed a set of management practices aimed at better alignment of forestry activities and yellow-bellied toad conservation in French production forests.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.48716/bullshf.178-3
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- titre
- Primates and Plesiadapiformes from Cos (Eocene; Quercy, France)
- auteur
- Marc Godinot, Cécile Blondel, Gilles Escarguel, Carine Lézin, Thierry Pélissié, Rodolphe Tabuce, Dominique Vidalenc
- article
- Geobios, 2021, 66-67, pp.153-176. ⟨10.1016/j.geobios.2021.03.004⟩
- resume
- A new fauna has been collected from a fissure filling named Cos in the Quercy region, southwestern France. It includes four primate species and a plesiadapiform. The cercamoniine adapiform Protoadapis andrei Godinot and Vidalenc, nov. sp., is represented by material that adds to our knowledge of the genus Protoadapis for the upper canine, upper molars and other morphological details. It appears more primitive than P. brachyrhynchus from the Old Quercy Collections. The other cercamoniine Pronycticebus cosensis Godinot and Vidalenc, nov. sp., offers insight on intraspecific variations and other details of the genus. Both species suggest a bushy evolution within these genera. Two teeth document the presence of a third cercamoniine, Anchomomys sp. indet. The new microchoerid Quercyloris eloisae Godinot and Vidalenc, nov. gen., nov. sp., has very primitive characters and seems to document a primitive member of the Pseudoloris clade. A poorly documented paromomyid plesiadapiform is distinct enough to be named Arcius moniquae Godinot and Vidalenc, nov. sp. It represents the first discovery of a plesiadapiform in the Quercy fossil record and makes a link with paromomyids surviving until the late Lutetian European Mammal Paleogene MP 13 reference level. The primates indicate a broad age interval between MP 10 (late Ypresian) and MP 12 (mid-Lutetian). The identification of the same species of Pronycticebus and of the new genus in the Vielase fauna suggests more precisely the MP 10–MP 11 (late Ypresian–early Lutetian) time interval.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.geobios.2021.03.004
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- titre
- Effects of conspecific lures, call playbacks, and moonlight on the capture rate of Xenopus laevis, a major invasive amphibian
- auteur
- Léa Lorrain-Soligon, Théo Cavin, Avelyne Villain, Emilie Perez, Darcy Kelley, Jean Secondi
- article
- Management of Biological Invasions, 2021, 12 (3), pp.716-726. ⟨10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3.13⟩
- resume
- Given the status of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis as a global amphibian invader, and the potential spread of its invasive populations in Europe and other continents, it is essential to identify the environmental factors and methods that maximize the trapping output of control actions. Cost-effective methods should maximize the number of trapped individuals, and preferably the number of females. We tested five types of attractants in traps, split into two categories: playbacks and conspecific lures, and compared their efficiency in terms of number of trapped individuals (total, females, and males) against the control method currently in use in France (use of food bait). We also estimated the influence of moonlight, an environmental factor known to affect amphibian activity. Playback methods did not increase the capture probability for either sex. In contrast, using a female as a lure allowed us to trap both more individuals (224% compared to the control), more females (186%) and more males (190%), whereas using a male only allowed us to trap more males (167%). These effects were stronger under low moonlight intensity, and at the end of the breeding season. Using female lures appeared to be the best method, both due to a higher number of trapped individuals and a higher number of trapped females. Our study also emphasizes the need for considering the influence of the lunar cycle when planning fieldwork to optimize the cost-efficiency of control actions. We recommend to preferentially set traps under low moonlight intensities.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3.13
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- titre
- Microbial risk assessment of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in polluted environments, case of urban rainfall water
- auteur
- Florian Vautrin, Petar Pujic, Christian Paquet, Emmanuelle Bergeron, Delphine Mouniée, Thierry Marchal, Hélène Salord, Jeanne-Marie Bonnet-Garin, Benoit Cournoyer, Thierry Winiarski, Vanessa Louzier, Veronica Rodriguez-Nava
- article
- Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, 2021, 19, pp.384-400. ⟨10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.017⟩
- resume
- Urban Infiltration Basins (UIBs) are used to manage urban runoff transfers and feed aquifers. These UIBs can accumulate urban pollutants and favor the growth of potentially pathogenic biological agents as Nocardia.Objectives: To assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of pathogenic Nocardia in UIBs and to stablish phylogenetic relationships between clinical and UIB N. cyriacigeorgica strains. To assess pathogenicity associated with environmental N. cyriacigeorgica using an animal model, and to identify genetic elements that may be associated to its virulence.Methods: A well-characterized UIB in terms of chemical pollutants from Lyon area was used in this study during a whole year. Cultural and Next-Generation-Sequencing methods were used for Nocardia detection and typing. Clinical and environmental isolates phylogenetic relationships and virulences were compared with Multilocus-Sequence-Analysis study together with a murine model.Results: In autumn, N. cyriacigeorgica and N. nova were the pathogenic most prevalent species in the UIB. The complex N. abscessus/asiatica was also detected together with some other non-pathogenic species. The presence of pathogenic Nocardia was positively correlated to metallic trace elements. Up to 1.0 x 10(3) CFU/g sediment of N. cyriacigeorgica and 6 OTUs splited in two different phylogroups were retrieved and were close to clinical strains. The EML446 tested UIB isolate showed significant infectivity in mice with pulmonary damages similar to clinical clone (GUH-2).Conclusion: Hsp65 marker-based metabarcoding approach allowed detecting N. cyriacigeogica as the most abundant Nocardia pathogenic species in a UIB. Metal trace elements-polluted environments can be reservoirs of pathogenic Nocardia which may have a similar virulence to clinical strains. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.017
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- titre
- Effects of the denitrification inhibitor “procyanidins” on the diversity, interactions, and potential functions of rhizosphere-associated microbiome
- auteur
- Mylène Hugoni, William Galland, Solène Lecomte, Maxime Bruto, mohamed Barakat, Florence Piola, Wafa Achouak, Feth El Zahar Haichar
- article
- Microorganisms, 2021, 9 (7), pp.1406. ⟨10.3390/microorganisms9071406⟩
- resume
- Some plant secondary metabolites, such as procyanidins, have been demonstrated to cause biological denitrification inhibition (BDI) of denitrifiers in soils concomitantly with a gain in plant biomass. The present work evaluated whether procyanidins had an impact on the diversity of nontarget microbial communities that are probably involved in soil fertility and ecosystem services. Lettuce plants were grown in two contrasting soils, namely Manziat (a loamy sand soil) and Serail (a sandy clay loam soil) with and without procyanidin amendment. Microbial diversity was assessed using Illumina sequencing of prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS regions. We used a functional inference to evaluate the putative microbial functions present in both soils and reconstructed the microbial interaction network. The results showed a segregation of soil microbiomes present in Serail and Manziat that were dependent on specific soil edaphic variables. For example, Deltaproteobacteria was related to total nitrogen content in Manziat, while Leotiomycetes and Firmicutes were linked to Ca2+ in Serail. Procyanidin amendment did not affect the diversity and putative activity of microbial communities. In contrast, microbial interactions differed according to procyanidin amendment, with the results showing an enrichment of Entotheonellaeota and Mucoromycota in Serail soil and of Dependentiae and Rozellomycetes in Manziat soil.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.3390/microorganisms9071406
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- titre
- A new Triodus shark species (Xenacanthidae, Xenacanthiformes) from the lowermost Permian of France and its paleobiogeographic implications
- auteur
- Vincent Luccisano, Alan Pradel, Romain Amiot, J.-Sebastien Steyer, Gilles Cuny, Georges Gand
- article
- Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2021, 41 (2), pp.e1926470. ⟨10.1080/02724634.2021.1926470⟩
- resume
- The Xenacanthiformes from Central and Eastern European deposits have been extensively studied, but the systematics of the species from the French Carboniferous–Permian Autun Basin (Saône-et-Loire) remains debated. Numerous xenacanthiform remains are still identified under the doubtful genus ‘Expleuracanthus’, and many of them consist of isolated dorsal spines which are difficult to identify. Numerous well-preserved specimens are still undescribed and the diversity of the xenacanthiform fauna from the Autun Basin is poorly understood. For example, specimens of the genus Triodus from the Muse oil-shale bed (OSB) of the Autun Basin have no specific attribution, whereas this genus is widely distributed across European Carboniferous–Permian basins. In this study, we describe new specimens of Triodus from the lowermost Permian of the Muse OSB. They allow the erection of a new species, Triodus aeduorum sp. nov., and discussion of the validity of several species from the same locality: ‘Expleuracanthus’ frossardi is considered as a nomen dubium and other Triodus specimens need for the time being to be left in open nomenclature as Triodus sp. These results highlight the endemism of the Triodus species in each European Carboniferous–Permian basin and raise the question of how they migrated from one to another.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1080/02724634.2021.1926470
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- titre
- Parameterization of a comprehensive explicit model for single-ring infiltration
- auteur
- M. Iovino, M.R. R Abou Najm, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, V. Bagarello, M. Castellini, P. Concialdi, S. Di Prima, L. Lassabatere, R. D. Stewart
- article
- Journal of Hydrology, 2021, 601, pp.126801. ⟨10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126801⟩
- resume
- Comprehensive infiltration models can simultaneously describe transient and steady-state infiltration behaviors, and therefore can be applied to a range of experimental conditions. However, satisfactory model accuracy re- quires proper parameterization, including estimating the transition time from transient to steady-state flow conditions (τcrit). This study focused on improving the estimation of two parameters – τcrit and a second constant called a – used in a comprehensive, explicit, two-term model for single ring infiltration (hereafter referred to as the SA model). Different studies have recommended that a should be as low as 0.45 to as high as 0.91. Furthermore, τcrit is often obtained a-priori by assuming that steady-state conditions are reached before the end of an infiltration run. However, there has not been a systematic analysis of those terms for different soils and infiltration conditions. To investigate these open issues related to the use of the SA model, here we introduce a novel, iterative method for estimating τcrit and the parameter a. We then applied this method to both analytical and experimental infiltration data, and compared it with two existing empirical methods. The analytical infil- tration experiments showed that τcrit was approximately 1.5 times larger than the maximum validity time of a similar two-term transient infiltration model. Further, the iterative method for obtaining τcrit had minimal effects on the a term, which varied between 0.706 and 0.904 and was larger for finer soils and when small water sources were used. Application of the proposed method was less efficient with experimental data. Only ~ 33% of the experiments yielding plausible estimates of a (i.e., a < 1), indicating that these infiltration model parameters often have high uncertainty. The successful runs indicated that a depended on the rate at which the initial infiltration rate approached the final infiltration rate. Depending on the fitting algorithm used, a had mean values of 0.74–0.78, which were intermediate between those suggested by previous studies. Altogether, these findings expand the applicability of the SA model by providing new methods for estimating τcrit and by showing that a does not need to be fixed a-priori. We expect that these advances will result in more reliable estimations of soil hydrodynamic parameters, including hydraulic conductivity.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126801
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-

- titre
- A scaling procedure for straightforward computation of sorptivity
- auteur
- Laurent Lassabatere, Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau, Deniz Yilmaz, Joseph Pollacco, Jesús Fernández-Gálvez, Borja Latorre, David Moret-Fernández, Simone Di Prima, Mehdi Rahmati, Ryan D Stewart, Majdi Abou Najm, Claude Hammecker, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo
- article
- Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2021, 25 (9), pp.5083-5104. ⟨10.5194/hess-25-5083-2021⟩
- resume
- Sorptivity is a parameter of primary importance in the study of unsaturated flow in soils. This hydraulic parameter is required to model water infiltration into vertical soil profiles. Sorptivity can be directly estimated from the soil hydraulic functions (water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves), using the integral formulation of Parlange (1975). However, calculating sorptivity in this manner requires the prior determination of the soil hydraulic diffusivity and its numerical integration between initial and final saturation degrees, which may be difficult in some situations (e.g., coarse soil with diffusivity functions that are quasi-infinite close to saturation). In this paper, we present a procedure to compute sorptivity using a scaling parameter, cp, that corresponds to the sorptivity of a unit soil (i.e., unit values for all parameters and zero residual water content) that is utterly dry at the initial state and saturated at the final state. The cp parameter was computed numerically and analytically for five hydraulic models: delta (i.e., Green and Ampt), Brooks and Corey, van Genuchten–Mualem, van Genuchten–Burdine, and Kosugi. Based on the results, we proposed brand new analytical expressions for some of the models and validated previous formulations for the other models. We also tabulated the output values so that they can easily be used to determine the actual sorptivity value for any case. At the same time, our numerical results showed that the relation between cp and the hydraulic shape parameters strongly depends on the chosen model. These results highlight the need for careful selection of the proper model for the description of the water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions when estimating sorptivity.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.5194/hess-25-5083-2021
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-

- titre
- Dispersal–niche continuum index: a new quantitative metric for assessing the relative importance of dispersal versus niche processes in community assembly
- auteur
- Annika Vilmi, Corentin Gibert Bret, Gilles Escarguel, Konsta Happonen, Jani Heino, Aurélien Jamoneau, Sophia I Passy, Félix Picazo, Janne Soininen, Juliette Tison-Rosebery, Jianjun Wang
- article
- Ecography, 2021, 44, pp.370-379. ⟨10.1111/ecog.05356⟩
- resume
- Patterns in community composition are scale-dependent and generally difficult to distinguish. Therefore, quantifying the main assembly processes in various systems and across different datasets has remained challenging. Building on the PER-SIMPER method, we propose a new metric, the dispersal-niche continuum index (DNCI), which estimates whether dispersal or niche processes dominate community assembly and facilitates the comparisons of processes among datasets. The DNCI was tested for robustness using simulations and applied to observational datasets comprising organismal groups with different trophic level and dispersal potential. Based on the robustness tests, the DNCI discriminated the respective contribution of niche and dispersal processes in pairwise comparisons of site groups with less than 40% and 30% differences in their taxa and site numbers, respectively. In the observational datasets, the DNCI suggested that dispersal rather than niche assembly was the dominant assembly process which, however, varied in intensity among organismal groups and study contexts, including spatial scale and ecosystem types. The proposed DNCI measures the relative strength of community assembly processes in a way that is simple, easily quantifiable and comparable across datasets. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the DNCI and provide perspectives for future research.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1111/ecog.05356
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-

- titre
- Distribution of Asian knotweeds on the Rhône River basin, France: A multi-scale model of invasibility that combines biophysical and anthropogenic factors
- auteur
- O. Navratil, N Brekenfeld, Sara Puijalon, M Sabastia, M Boyer, H Pella, J. Lejot, Florence Piola
- article
- Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 763, pp.142995. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142995⟩
- resume
- Biotic and abiotic factors are important drivers of the introduction, dispersal and establishment of an invasive species in fluvial corridors. In this study, we propose to better understand the spatial distribution of Asian knotweeds and to model their invasibility at the river basin scale in the Rhône Mediterranean and Corsica regions, France. We implemented a multiscale analysis of biophysical and anthropogenic factors related to the presence of knotweeds. Subbasins were sampled (50–600 km2), a large dataset on knotweed occurrence and biotic/abiotic factors was collected, and logistic regression was applied. A robust logit model (accuracy: 90%; false positive rate: 13%) estimated the probability of the occurrence of knotweeds at the river basin scale. We found clear evidence of: i) spatial scale-dependent water availability for knotweed implantation (e.g., summer vs. winter rainfalls > 250 mm); ii) an important role of hydrogeomorphic forces in dispersal; and iii) interspecific competition in riparian areas. The occurrence of knotweeds is also closely related to human-derived pressures. The management of knotweeds on roads and railways in the vicinity of rivers may be a major source of propagules. Hydraulic infrastructures (dikes and mill weirs) may also have served as locations of knotweed introduction since the end of the nineteenth century and may play a major role in the propagule transfer of knotweed; to date, these infrastructures have provided favourable conditions for knotweed establishment. Despite local water authorities' increasing awareness of invasive plants, local management practices for flood mitigation, low awareness of roads/railway managers, and negative representations of knotweeds have probably largely contributed to their dispersion over decades. The final model intends to integrate these biophysical and human factors by providing an operational tool to help river managers determine the sensitivity of their river basins to knotweed invasion.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142995
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-

- titre
- Combining expert‐based and computational approaches to design protected river networks under climate change
- auteur
- Mathieu Floury, Laura Pollock, Laëtitia Buisson, Wilfried Thuiller, André Chandesris, Yves Souchon
- article
- Diversity and Distributions, 2021, 27, pp.2428-2440. ⟨10.1111/ddi.13411⟩
- resume
- Aim: Estimate the current and future distribution of brown trout and identify priority areas for conservation of the species. Location: Rhône River basin and Mediterranean streams. Methods: We first developed a spatially explicit species distribution model to es- timate the current and future distribution of brown trout for three time horizons (2030, 2055 and 2080) and two climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). We then performed a prioritization analysis to identify priority areas for brown trout conservation, accounting for: (a) spatial dependencies along the riverine system, (b) several sources of uncertainty arising from climate-related forecasts and (c) different protected area scenarios by comparing hypothetical, optimal protected networks to an actual protected network designed by regional fish experts. Results: Future projections of brown trout densities exhibited a general trend to- wards a gradual range contraction, with a significant risk of extirpation across moun- tainous regions of low to mid-elevation. Overall, the projected current and future distributions were well-covered by the existing protected network. In addition, up to 70% of the river reaches included in this expert-based protection network were also priorities in the optimal priority set (e.g. the best set of areas to maximize biodiversity protection). Finally, a large proportion of these reaches were invariably identified re- gardless of climate change scenarios and uncertainties or spatial dependencies. Main conclusions: Our analytical approach highlighted priority areas for brown trout conservation which were robust to a set of climate and connectivity assumptions. This core priority network could be further refined by taking into account key fine- scale processes like thermal refugia. Therefore, we advocate for combining computa- tional and expert-based approaches in conservation planning of riverine ecosystems to achieve a relevant consensus between regional-scale management and fine-grain ecological knowledge.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1111/ddi.13411
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- titre
- Are hyporheic oligochaetes efficient indicators of hydrological exchanges in river bed sediment? A test in a semi‐natural and a regulated river
- auteur
- Michel Creuzé Des Châtelliers, Sylvain Dolédec, Michel Lafont, Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Lara Konecny, Pierre Marmonier
- article
- River Research and Applications, 2021, 37, pp.399-407. ⟨10.1002/rra.3758⟩
- resume
- River-groundwater exchanges are crucial for several ecological processes, but diffi- cult to localize. Hyporheic oligochaetes may represent efficient biological indicators of these exchanges, but hydrological disturbance may alter oligochaete distribution and blur the spatial patterns of river-groundwater exchanges. Oligochaete assem- blages were compared in the Drôme River, which is a semi-natural braided river with an unmodified discharge, and the Ain River, which has reduced sediment mobility and hydropeaking due to several upstream dams. In the semi-natural river, the oligo- chaete distribution was mostly controlled by the origin of the water: some stygoxene species (e.g., Chaetogaster spp. and Vejdovskyella intermedia) were restricted to or more abundant in downwellings, whereas a set of stygophiles (e.g., Stylodrilus sp. and Cernovitoviella sp.) and stygobites (e.g., Aberrantidrilus cuspis) were present or more abundant only in upwellings. Species living in fine sediment (e.g., Potamothrix sp. and Tubifex sp.) also occurred in upwellings due to their location at the border of the braided strip. Conversely, in the regulated river, oligochaete assemblages were abun- dant and diversified, with species living in fine sediment being dominant in the par- tially clogged stations. The spatial distribution of most species did not follow typical surface-hyporheic exchange patterns: most stygophiles (e.g., Proppapus volki and Mar- ionina argentea) and some stygobites (e.g., Haber turquini) were found in both upwell- ings and downwellings or even at stations without water exchanges (e.g., Rhyacodrilus balmensis). In rivers subjected to hydrological disturbance and hydropeaking, oligochaetes became poor indicators of river-groundwater exchanges.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1002/rra.3758
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- titre
- Biological conclusions about importance of order in mobbing calls vary with the reproductive context in Great Tits ( Parus major )
- auteur
- Ambre Salis, Thierry Lengagne, Jean-Paul Léna, Mylène Dutour
- article
- Ibis, 2021, 163 (3), pp.834-844. ⟨10.1111/ibi.12940⟩
- resume
- Currently, there is considerable debate surrounding the presence of some human language-specific characteristics in non-human animals, such as the use of compositional syntax (i.e. meaning of a sequence determined both by meaning of its individual parts and in the way they are combined). Compositional syntax has been investigated in mobbing calls of two closely related tit species, the Japanese Tit Parus minor and the Great Tit Parus major, but with one contrasting result: hearing calls in the reversed order diminished the behavioural responses of Japanese Tits but only partially those of Great Tits. This difference may have been due to an external factor such as the season in which the experiment was undertaken, as the Japanese Tits were tested in winter and Great Tits in spring. Here, we studied the responses of Great Tits towards natural and reversed mobbing sequences during spring and winter by investigating two behaviours: approaching and vigilance behaviours. We found that sensitivity to syntax reversal was impacted by the season. The birds were vigilant but less likely to approach reversed calls in winter. However, the opposite occurred in spring, with the birds scanning less but still approaching. This study suggests that the perception of combinatorial calls in Great Tits is influenced by the season, emphasizing the importance of context in studies investigating complex cognitive processing in animals.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1111/ibi.12940
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-

- titre
- ANC–BNC Titrations and Geochemical Modeling for Characterizing Calcareous and Siliceous Mining Waste
- auteur
- Clémentine Drapeau, Cécile Delolme, Clément Vézin, Denise Blanc, Thomas Baumgartl, Mansour Edraki, Laurent Lassabatère
- article
- Minerals, 2021, 11 (3), pp.257. ⟨10.3390/min11030257⟩
- resume
- Pyrite and calcite are mineral phases that play a major role in acid and neutral mine drainage processes. However, the prediction of acid mine drainage (AMD) or contaminated neutral drainage (CND) requires knowledge of the mineral composition of mining waste and the related potential for element release. This paper studies the combination of acid–base neutralizing capacity (ANC–BNC) with geochemical modeling for the characterization of mining waste and prediction of AMD and CND. The proposed approach is validated with three synthetic mineral assemblages: (1) siliceous sand with pyrite only, representing mining waste responsible for AMD, (2) siliceous sand with calcite and pyrite, representing calcareous waste responsible for CND, and (3) siliceous sand with calcite only, simulating calcareous matrices without any pyrite. The geochemical modeling approach using PHREEQC software was used to model pH evolution and main element release as a function of the added amount of acid or base over the entire pH range: 1 < pH < 13. For calcareous matrices (sand with calcite), the results are typical of a carbonated environment, the geochemistry of which is well known. For matrices containing pyrite, the results identify different pH values favoring the dissolution of pyrite: pH = 2 in a pyrite-only environment and pH = 6 where pyrite coexists with calcite. The neutral conditions can be explained by the buffering capacity of calcite, which allows iron oxyhydroxide precipitation. Major element release is then related to the dissolution and precipitation of the mineral assemblages. The geochemical modeling allows the prediction of element speciation in the solid and liquid phases. Our findings clearly prove the potential of combined ANC–BNC experiments along with geochemical modeling for the characterization of mining waste and the assessment of risk of AMD and CND.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.3390/min11030257
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-

- titre
- Biological inhibition of denitrification (BDI) in the field: Effect on plant growth in two different soils
- auteur
- William Galland, Feth El Zahar Haichar, Sonia Czarnes, Celine Mathieu, Jean-Louis Demorge, Simon Laurent, Sara Puijalon, Florence Piola
- article
- Applied Soil Ecology, 2021, 159, pp.103857. ⟨10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103857⟩
- resume
- Intensive agriculture uses increasingly large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers to increase yields because nitrogen is one of the limiting factor of plant growth. Plants are in direct competition with denitrifying bacteria for nitrate, but biological denitrification inhibition (BDI) is a strategy developed by some plants in which procyanidins are produced that inhibit denitrification. This phenomenon increases the available nitrate in the soil. Previous results showed that the addition of procyanidins to lettuce fields allowed effective BDI and increased soil nitrate and plant growth. However, agriculture is performed in different soils, and the action of procyanidins could depend on the type of soil. In this study, we tested the effect of procyanidin amendment on lettuce growth in two types of soils: loamy sand and sandy clay loam. Our results show that in both soils, the addition of procyanidins causes inhibition of denitrification, an increase in available nitrate, counter-selection of denitrification communities and a gain in plant mass without modification of the soil structure. This study highlights a sustainable agricultural method effective in a variety of soils.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103857
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-

- titre
- Ecotoxicological risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern identified by “suspect screening” from urban wastewater treatment plant effluents at a territorial scale
- auteur
- Antoine Gosset, Laure Wiest, Aurélie Fildier, Christine Libert, Barbara Giroud, Myriam Hammada, Matthieu Hervé, Elisabeth Sibeud, Emmanuelle Vulliet, Philippe Polomé, Yves Perrodin
- article
- Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 778, pp.146275. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146275⟩
- resume
- Urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are a major vector of highly ecotoxic contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) for urban and sub-urban streams. Ecotoxicological risk assessments (ERAs) provide essential in- formation to public environmental authorities. Nevertheless, ERAs are mainly performed at very local scale (one or few WWTPs) and on pre-selected list of CECs. To cope with these limits, the present study aims to develop a territorial-scale ERA on CECs previously identified by a “suspect screening” analytical approach (LC-QToF-MS) and quantified in the effluents of 10 WWTPs of a highly urbanized territory during three periods of the year. Among CECs, this work focused on pharmaceutical residue and pesticides. ERA was conducted following two complementary methods: (1) a single substance approach, based on the calculation for each CEC of risk quotients (RQs) by the ratio of Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) and Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC), and (2) mixture risk assessment (“cocktail effect”) based on a concentration addition model (CA), sum- ming individual RQs. Chemical results led to an ERA for 41 CEC (37 pharmaceuticals and 4 pesticides) detected in treated effluents. Single substance ERA identified 19 CECs implicated in at least one significant risk for streams, with significant risks for DEET, diclofenac, lidocaine, atenolol, terbutryn, atorvastatin, methocarbamol, and venlafaxine (RQs reaching 39.84, 62.10, 125.58, 179.11, 348.24, 509.27, 1509.71 and 3097.37, respectively).
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146275
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-

- titre
- Lead Mobilization and Speciation in Mining Waste: Experiments and Modeling
- auteur
- Clémentine Drapeau, Rabei Argane, Cécile Delolme, Denise Blanc, Mostafa Benzaazoua, Rachid Hakkou, Thomas Baumgartl, Mansour Edraki, Laurent Lassabatère
- article
- Minerals, 2021, 11 (6), pp.606. ⟨10.3390/min11060606⟩
- resume
- Mining produces significant amounts of solid mineral waste. Mine waste storage facilities are often challenging to manage and may cause environmental problems. Mining waste is often linked to contaminated mine drainage, including acidic waters with more or less elevated concentrations of trace metals such as lead. This work presents a study on the mobilization of lead from waste from two typical mining sites: Zeida and Mibladen, two now-closed former Pb–Zn mines in the Moulouya region of Morocco. Our research investigates the mobilization potential of Pb from the waste of these mines. The study involved acid–base neutralization capacity tests (ANC–BNC) combined with geochemical modeling. Experimental data allowed for the quantification of the buffering capacity of the samples and the mobilization rates of lead as a function of pH. The geochemical model was fitted to experimental results with thermodynamic considerations. The geochemical model allowed for the identification of the mineral phases involved in providing the buffering capacity of carbonated mining waste (Mibladen) and the meager buffering capacity of the silicate mining waste (Zeida). These cases are representative of contaminated neutral drainage (CND) and acid mine drainage (AMD), respectively. The results highlight the consistency between the ANC–BNC experimental data and the associated modeling in terms of geochemical behavior, validating the approach and identifying the main mechanisms involved. The modeling approach identifies the dissolution of the main solid phases, which impact the pH and the speciation of lead as a function of the pH. This innovative approach, combining ANC–BNC experiments and geochemical modeling, allowed for the accurate identification of mineral phases and surface complexation phenomena, which control the release of lead and its speciation in drainage solutions, as well as within solid phases, as a function of pH.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.3390/min11060606
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- titre
- Looking at Organic Pollutants (OPs) Signatures in Littoral Sediments to Assess the Influence of a Local Urban Source at the Whole Lake Scale
- auteur
- Nathalie Lécrivain, Victor Frossard, Emmanuel Naffrechoux, Bernard Clement
- article
- Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 2021, 41 (5), pp.950-962. ⟨10.1080/10406638.2019.1631195⟩
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1080/10406638.2019.1631195
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- titre
- Method for ultrastructural fine details of plant cuticles by transmission electron microscopy
- auteur
- Gaëtan Guignard
- article
- MethodsX, 2021, 8, pp.101391. ⟨10.1016/j.mex.2021.101391⟩
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101391
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-

- titre
- Tempo and mode of morphological evolution are decoupled from latitude in birds
- auteur
- Jonathan P Drury, Julien Clavel, Joseph A Tobias, Jonathan Rolland, Catherine Sheard, Hélène Morlon
- article
- PLoS Biology, 2021, 19 (8), pp.e3001270. ⟨10.1371/journal.pbio.3001270⟩
- resume
- The latitudinal diversity gradient is one of the most striking patterns in nature, yet its implications for morphological evolution are poorly understood. In particular, it has been proposed that an increased intensity of species interactions in tropical biota may either promote or constrain trait evolution, but which of these outcomes predominates remains uncertain. Here, we develop tools for fitting phylogenetic models of phenotypic evolution in which the impact of species interactions—namely, competition—can vary across lineages. Deploying these models on a global avian trait dataset to explore differences in trait divergence between tropical and temperate lineages, we find that the effect of latitude on the mode and tempo of morphological evolution is weak and clade- or trait dependent. Our results indicate that species interactions do not disproportionately impact morphological evolution in tropical bird families and question the validity of previously reported patterns of slower trait evolution in the tropics.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001270
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-

- titre
- Latest Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoid assemblages in Utah (western USA basin) and their implications for regional biostratigraphy, biogeography and placement of the Smithian/Spathian boundary.
- auteur
- Arnaud Brayard, James F. Jenks, Kevin G. Bylund, Nicolas Olivier, Emmanuelle Vennin, Daniel A. Stephen, Gilles Escarguel, Emmanuel Fara
- article
- Geobios, 2021, 69, pp.1-23. ⟨10.1016/j.geobios.2021.05.003⟩
- resume
- The late Smithian extinction represents a major event within the Early Triassic. This event generally corresponds to a succession of two, possibly three successively less diverse, cosmopolitan ammonoid assemblages, which when present, provide a robust biostratigraphic framework and precise correlations at different spatial scales. In the western USA basin, known occurrences of latest Smithian taxa are rare and until now, have only been documented from northeastern Nevada. Based on these restricted basinal occurrences, a regional zone representing the latest Smithian was postulated but not corroborated, as representative taxa had not yet been reported from outside Nevada. Here we document two new ammonoid assemblages from distant localities in northern Utah, overlying the late Smithian Anasibirites beds and characterized by the unambiguous co-occurrence of Xenoceltites subevolutus and Pseudosageceras augustum. The existence of a latest Smithian zone in the western USA basin is therefore validated, facilitating the identification of the Smithian/Spathian boundary and intra-basin correlation. This zone also correlates with the latest Smithian zone recognized from southern Tethyan basins. Additionally, these new data support other observed occurrences of Xenoceltites subevolutus throughout most of the late Smithian.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.geobios.2021.05.003
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-

- titre
- Effects of artificial light at night on the leaf functional traits of freshwater plants
- auteur
- Jules Segrestin, Nathalie Mondy, Christelle Boisselet, Ludivine Guigard, Thierry Lengagne, Sophie Poussineau, Jean Secondi, Sara Puijalon
- article
- Freshwater Biology, 2021, 66, pp.2264-2271. ⟨10.1111/fwb.13830⟩
- resume
- 1. The increasing use of artificial light at night has led to ecosystem exposure to light pollution worldwide. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly exposed, since lit road networks, urban development and industrial infrastructure are frequently located along river, lake, and sea shores. Although the negative effects of night- time lighting on the physiology, behaviour, and life-history traits of animals have been largely documented, there is a large knowledge gap about the responses of plants, especially regarding leaf functioning and resource-management strategies. Some authors have proposed contrasting hypotheses of mechanistic responses to dim light at night in plants, but empirical results are still lacking. 2. Based on field measurements of nocturnal irradiance in freshwater ecosystems located in peri-urban areas, we performed a mesocosm experiment using three species of submerged aquatic plants. After 5 months of exposure to realistic dim light at night, four functional traits related to the resource management at the leaf level were measured. 3. Artificial light at night had significant effects on the leaf physiology or chemistry, affecting their resource acquisition rate, but with different response intensities depending on the species. No effect was found on morphological or biomechani- cal traits for any of the studied species. 4. These results support the hypothesis that plants could interpret dim light at night as a shaded environment and respond accordingly. 5. Wedemonstratedthattheeffectsoflightatnightonplantsmayhavebeenunder- estimated in previous work. By modifying biotic interactions (e.g., competition and herbivory), these responses can have profound effects on community structure and ecosystem functioning.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1111/fwb.13830
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- titre
- Paleoclimate and ecology of Cretaceous continental ecosystems of Japan inferred from the stable oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of vertebrate bioapatite
- auteur
- Romain Amiot, Nao Kusuhashi, Haruo Saegusa, Masateru Shibata, Naoki Ikegami, Shizuo Shimojima, Teppei Sonoda, François Fourel, Tadahiro Ikeda, Christophe Lécuyer, Marc Philippe, Xu Wang
- article
- Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2021, 205, pp.104602. ⟨10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104602⟩
- resume
- We investigated the environmental conditions that prevailed in continental ecosystems recorded in sedimentary deposits of Japan during the Cretaceous through the analysis of oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of phosphate (δ 18 O p) and apatite-bound carbonate (δ 18 O c and δ 13 C c) of vertebrate teeth and bones. Local surface water δ 18 O w values were calculated using known phosphate-water isotope fractionation equations. Anomalously low δ 18 O w values of local waters strongly suggest a significant contribution of high-altitude precipitation from nearby mountains to local surface waters. Mean air temperatures were estimated using a global meteoric water δ 18 O mw value-Mean Annual Air Temperature relationship, and compared to surface water temperatures estimated from fish apatite δ 18 O p values. Local mean annual precipitations (MAP) were estimated using the known relationship existing between MAP and C 3 plant δ 13 C p value, the latter being calculated using apatite-diet 13 C-enrichment applied to plant-eating sauropod and ornithopod dinosaur δ 13 C c values. Reconstructed environmental conditions suggest that climate changed from cool temperate to warm temperate, being relatively cold and dry during the Late Hauterivian and Barremian to warmer and seasonally more humid during the Aptian and Albian, and even warmer during the Cenomanian-Coniacian. Proposed thermal evolution during the Early Cretaceous is compatible with the absence of thermophilic taxa such as crocodylomorphs before the Aptian in the fossil record of Japan.
- typdoc
- Journal articles
- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104602
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- titre
- Temporal trends of legacy and novel brominated flame retardants in sediments along the Rhône River corridor in France
- auteur
- Sophia Vauclin, Brice Mourier, André-Marie Dendievel, Philippe Marchand, Anaïs Vénisseau, Amandine Morereau, Hugo Lepage, Frederique Eyrolle, Thierry Winiarski
- article
- Chemosphere, 2021, 271, pp.129889. ⟨10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129889⟩
- resume
- Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are anthropogenic compounds that are ubiquitous in most manufactured goods. Few legacy BFRs have been recognised as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and have been prohibited since the 2000s. However, most BFRs continue to be used despite growing concerns regarding their toxicity; they are often referred to as novel BFRs (nBFRs). While environmental contamination due to chlorinated POPs has been extensively investigated, the levels and spatiotemporal trends of BFRs are comparatively understudied. This study aims to reconstruct the temporal trends of both legacy and novel BFRs at the scale of a river corridor. To this end, sediment cores were sampled from backwater areas in four reaches along the Rhône River. Age-depth models were established for each of them. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), legacy BFRs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers - PBDEs, polybrominated biphenyls - PBBs and hexabromocyclododecane - HBCDDs) and seven nBFRs were quantified. Starting from the 1970s, a decreasing contamination trend was observed for PCBs. Temporal trends for legacy BFRs revealed that they reached peak concentrations from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s, and stable concentrations by the mid-2010s. Additionally, individual concentrations of nBFRs were two to four orders of magnitude lower than those of legacy BFRs. Their temporal trends revealed that they appeared in the environment in the 1970s and 1980s. The concentrations of most of these nBFRs have not decreased in recent years. Thus, there is a need to comprehend the sources, contamination load, repartition in the environment, and toxicity of nBFRs before their concentrations reach hazardous levels.
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- DOI
- DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129889
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- titre
- Évaluation des effets de l'augmentation des débits réservés à l'aval de deux barrages du Haut-Rhône français à l'aide de l'examen des communautés d'oligochètes
- auteur
- Régis Vivien, Céline Jézéquel, Michel Lafont
- article
- Bulletin de la Société vaudoise des sciences naturelles, 2021, 100, pp.103-118. ⟨10.5169/seals-953539⟩
- resume
- Des travaux de restauration du chenal central du Haut-Rhône français à l'aval des barrages de Lavours et Champagneux ont été entrepris en 2005-2006 et ont consisté à augmenter les débits réservés. Les effets de cette opération ont été évalués en étudiant en aval des barrages la structure des communautés de macroinvertébrés (insectes en particulier), d'oligochètes (annélides) et de poissons avant (en 2002/2003) et après (en 2008/2009) sa mise en œuvre. Nous reportons ici les résultats obtenus sur les communautés d'oligochètes. Les oligochètes ont été prélevés au niveau des sédiments grossiers superficiels et la structure des communautés a été étudiée en appliquant la méthode des traits fonctionnels. Cette méthode permet d'évaluer simultanément la dynamique des échanges hydrologiques entre les eaux souterraines et les eaux de surface et les effets des polluants présents dans le milieu et apporte ainsi des informations sur l'état de fonctionnement du cours d'eau. La dynamique des échanges hydrologiques verticaux devrait être prise en considération, entre autres car des alternances exfiltrations/infiltrations favorisent l'autoépuration du cours d'eau et des excès d'infiltrations rendent les eaux souterraines vulnérables aux pollutions des eaux de surface. A l'aval des deux barrages, il a été observé post-restauration (par rapport à l'état pré-restauration) une diminution des pourcentages de taxons indicateurs de la présence d'exfiltrations de la nappe et une élévation des pourcentages de taxons moyennement résistants et résistants aux pollutions. Ces résultats peuvent être expliqués par une qualité chimique de l'eau insuffisante et l'activité des barrages favorisant les dynamiques d'infiltration des eaux de surface. Ils montrent que dans le cas des sites étudiés, une augmentation des débits réservés a été insuffisante pour améliorer le fonctionnement du milieu et que cette opération de restauration devrait s'accompagner de mesures diverses visant à améliorer la qualité des eaux de surface et à favoriser les exfiltrations des eaux souterraines.
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- DOI : 10.5169/seals-953539
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- titre
- Evidence for centennial-scale Mid-Holocene episodes of hypolimnetic anoxia in a high-altitude lake system from central Tian Shan (Kyrgyzstan)
- auteur
- Philippe Sorrel, Kevin Jacq, Antonin van Exem, Gilles Escarguel, Benjamin Dietre, Maxime Debret, Suzanne Mcgowan, Ducept Jules, Gauthier Emilie, Hedi Oberhänsli
- article
- Quaternary Science Reviews, 2021, 252, pp.106748. ⟨10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106748⟩
- resume
- Few sedimentary archives of lake meromixis are available in palaeolimnological records, because long- term observations are limited in time and indisputable sediment proxies of hypolimnetic anoxia are still scarce. Here we use visible and near infrared (VNIR), and short-wave infra-red (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging combined with geochemical analyses to reconstruct lake stratification history, redox status and mixing conditions in the water column of Lake Son Kol (Kyrgyzstan) in Central Tian Shan during the last 8500 years. In particular, the detection of Bacteriopheophytin a (Bphe a), a pigment produced by anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria at the chemocline of meromictic lakes, emphasizes episodes of multi- decadal to centennial hypolimnetic anoxia in Lake Son Kol. Phases of hypolimnetic anoxia are inferred from the deposition of dark organic sediments within a stratified lake system, which occurred during periods of increased snowmelt (and solid winter precipitation) and warmer spring/summer tempera- tures that promoted floods and the export of terrestrial material from the catchment. Prolonged euxinic conditions in bottom waters (involving the development of a stable chemocline) are reported around 8500, 8400, 8200e7800, 7700e7500, 7300e7000, 6500e6100, 6000e5700 and 5500e5250 cal yr BP. At ca. 5250 cal yr BP, the chemocline abruptly vanished as Lake Son Kol tipped into a regime with pre- dominantly cooler and well-mixed conditions (predominance of oxygenic phototrophs), coeval with higher lake levels. The disappearance of hypolimnetic anoxia in Lake Son Kol coincides with strength- ened wind conditions that imply enhanced lake overturning and upward mixing of nutrients in the water column. This study reveals the strong potential of hyperspectral imaging, in combination with more classical palaeolimnological approaches, to reconstruct the lake trophic and mixing history and explore the controlling mechanisms at work on decadal to centennial timescales. Our results outline how abrupt ecosystem changes may occur even in the absence of anthropogenic climate change.
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- DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106748
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- titre
- Beyond Eocene and Oligocene Epochs: The Causses du Quercy Geopark and the Grande Coupure
- auteur
- Thierry Pélissié, Maëva J Orliac, Pierre-Olivier Antoine, Vincent Biot, Gilles Escarguel
- article
- Geoconservation Research, 2021, 4 (2), pp.573-585. ⟨10.30486/GCR.2021.1913051.1050⟩
- resume
- The "phosphatières du Quercy" are karstic fillings exploited for phosphate at the end of the 19th century. They yield countless continental fossils through some 30 million years, ranging from late early Eocene to early Miocene. This exceptional paleontological series documents the 'Grande Coupure', a major biogeographical event involving a profound renewal of vertebrate faunas, recorded in Eurasia during the Eocene-Oligocene transition. This exceptional fossil record is key to understanding the impact of biotic and abiotic factors during this turbulent time of global change. The presence of natural mummies and the 3D preservation of numerous vertebrate skulls, as well as remains of arthropods and plants, are all attractive means to raise public awareness and promote an internationally unique geoheritage.
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- DOI : 10.30486/GCR.2021.1913051.1050
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- titre
- Floating Littoral Zone (FLOLIZ): A solution to sustain macroinvertebrate communities in regulated lakes?
- auteur
- Quentin Salmon, Fanny Colas, Samuel Westrelin, Julien Dublon, Jean-Marc Baudoin
- article
- Ecological Engineering, 2021, 176, pp.1-13/106509. ⟨10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106509⟩
- resume
- Artificial water-level fluctuations (WLF) seriously threaten the biodiversity and functioning of littoral zones in lake ecosystems. The use of artificial floating islands (AFI) to compensate for the deleterious effects of WLF on littoral habitats has been of increasing interest to environmental managers. Yet, the ecological efficiency of this solution is still very poorly documented. AFI are usually designed as simple vegetated floating mats. In this study, we designed an artificial Floating Littoral Zone (FLOLIZ), which mimics a natural littoral zone composed of a terrestrial section vegetated with helophytes and several underwater levels containing soil and hydrophytes. Next, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of FLOLIZ in supporting macroinvertebrate communities. Three FLOLIZs were installed in three bays of a French hydroelectric reservoir marked by high WLF. Taxonomic and functional metrics of macroinvertebrate communities in the three FLOLIZs were compared with control littoral stations over four seasons of one year. The cumulated abundance, taxonomic richness and diversity were significantly higher in the FLOLIZs than in the control littoral stations, particularly when water level rose abruptly (i.e., in spring) and during the post-drawdown season (i.e., in summer). Functional profiles of macro- invertebrate communities significantly differed between FLOLIZs and control littoral stations. More specifically, communities in littoral control stations were dominated by highly mobile and resistant taxa (e.g., Beetles, Bugs, Chironomids), while communities in the FLOLIZs were dominated by less mobile species with longer life cycles (e.g., Hydra sp., Oligochaeta). These findings show that FLOLIZs were more successfully colonized by original, diversified, and abundant macroinvertebrate communities with respect to littoral control stations. These pre- liminary results suggest that FLOLIZs could provide suitable, biogenic habitats for macroinvertebrates in res- ervoirs exhibiting high WLF. Longer term monitoring, including of other compartments than macroinvertebrates (e.g., fish), could provide additional evidence that FLOLIZs mitigate the deleterious effects of high WLF on aquatic biodiversity.
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- DOI : 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106509
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