Publications HAL de la structure Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés

2022

titre
Waziers (France): Oxygen Isotopes of Large Mammal Teeth to Reconstruct Paleotemperatures of the Penultimate Glacial/Interglacial Transition (MIS 6/5)
auteur
Chloé Maréchal, Christophe Lécuyer, Romain Amiot, François Fourel, Pierre Antoine, P. Auguste, Laurent Deschodt, David Hérisson
article
Quaternaire, 2022, Waziers le Bas-Terroir. Un gisement eemien du Nord de la France. Tome 1, 33 (4), pp.323-339. ⟨10.4000/quaternaire.17334⟩
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The Last Interglacial (LIG or Marine Isotopic Substage 5.5, MIS5.5), which is comprised between ≈129 and ≈116 thousand years Before Present (hereafter ky BP), is poorly documented, especially in continental areas, owing to the scarcity of deposits attributable to this period, which corresponds to the Eemian in the chronostratigraphy of northwestern Europe. The scarcity of documentation is even more pronounced for the deglaciation that precedes the LIG, the MIS 6/5 Transition or Termination 2, which lasted about ten thousand years. In this context, the site of Waziers, in Western Europe (France), has an exceptional sequence of successive fine silty-limestone deposits covering the penultimate deglaciation (MIS 6/5) and peat rich in plant remains contemporary with the last interglacial (MIS 5.5). Oxygen isotope analysis of phosphate of tooth enamel from large herbivorous mammals (horse, Equus sp. ; megaloceros, Megaloceros giganteus ; roe deer, Capreolus capreolus) present in these deposits allows the reconstruction of air paleotemperatures during the lifetime of the animals. The results yield annual mean temperatures of 4.7 ± 0.6°C for an early phase of the deglaciation (5 teeth of a same individual), of 6.9 ± 0.5°C for a mid-phase of the deglaciation (1 tooth), and of 8.6 ± 0.5°C for a phase preceding the establishment of the last interglacial, the MIS5.5 (1 tooth). In deposits contemporary with the latter phase, human artifacts were discovered, as well as in those of MIS5.5. In agreement with the palynological data, the paleotemperatures illustrate a gradual warming during part of the glacial/interglacial transition, the MIS6/5 Transition. The difference of ≈4°C between the minimal and maximal temperature reconstructed in this study allows us to minimize the temperature difference between the MIS6.2 glacial period and the MIS5.5 interglacial period at the Waziers site.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.4000/quaternaire.17334
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https://hal.science/hal-03925368/file/Marechal%20et%20al%202022%20paleotemperature%20Waziers%20Quaternaire.pdf BibTex
titre
Renewal of planktonic foraminifera diversity after the Cretaceous Paleogene mass extinction by benthic colonizers
auteur
Raphaël Morard, Christiane Hassenrück, Mattia Greco, Antonio Fernandez-Guerra, Sylvain Rigaud, Christophe Douady, Michal Kucera
article
Nature Communications, 2022, 13 (1), pp.7135. ⟨10.1038/s41467-022-34794-5⟩
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Abstract The biotic crisis following the end-Cretaceous asteroid impact resulted in a dramatic renewal of pelagic biodiversity. Considering the severe and immediate effect of the asteroid impact on the pelagic environment, it is remarkable that some of the most affected pelagic groups, like the planktonic foraminifera, survived at all. Here we queried a surface ocean metabarcoding dataset to show that calcareous benthic foraminifera of the clade Globothalamea are able to disperse actively in the plankton, and we show using molecular clock phylogeny that the modern planktonic clades originated from different benthic ancestors that colonized the plankton after the end-Cretaceous crisis. We conclude that the diversity of planktonic foraminifera has been the result of a constant leakage of benthic foraminifera diversity into the plankton, continuously refueling the planktonic niche, and challenge the classical interpretation of the fossil record that suggests that Mesozoic planktonic foraminifera gave rise to the modern communities.
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DOI : 10.1038/s41467-022-34794-5
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Absence of mitochondrial responses in muscles of zebrafish exposed to several heat waves
auteur
Elisa Thoral, Damien Roussel, Laura Quispe, Yann Voituron, Loïc Teulier
article
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2022, 274, pp.111299. ⟨10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111299⟩
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Heat waves are extreme thermal events whose frequency and intensity will increase with global warming. As metabolic responses to temperature are time-dependent, we explored the effects of an exposure to several heat waves on the mitochondrial metabolism of zebrafish Danio rerio. For this purpose, zebrafish were acclimated at 26 ◦C or 31 ◦C for 4 weeks and some fish acclimated at 26 ◦C underwent 2 types of heat waves: 2 periods of 5 days at 31 ◦C or 10 days at 31 ◦C. After this acclimation period, mitochondrial respiration of red muscle fibres was measured at 26 ◦C and 31 ◦C for each fish, with the phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and basal (LEAK) respi- rations obtained with activation of complex I, complex II or complexes I and II. The respiratory control ratio (RCR) and the mitochondrial aerobic scope (CAS) were also calculated at both temperatures after the activation of complexes I and II. Under our conditions, heat waves did not result in variations in any mitochondrial pa- rameters, suggesting a high tolerance of zebrafish to environmental temperature fluctuations. However, an acute in vitro warming led to an increase in the LEAK respiration together with a higher temperature effect on complex II than complex I, inducing a decrease of mitochondrial efficiency to produce energy at high temperatures. Increased interindividual variability for some parameters at 26 ◦C or 31 ◦C also suggests that each individual has its own ability to cope with temperature fluctuations.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111299
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Three-term formulation to describe infiltration in water-repellent soils
auteur
Deniz Yilmaz, Simone Di Prima, Ryan Stewart, Majdi Abou Najm, David Fernandez-Moret, Borja Latorre, Laurent Lassabatere
article
Geoderma, 2022, 427, pp.116127. ⟨10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116127⟩
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Modeling infiltration in water-repellent soils is difficult, as the underlying processes remain poorly quantified. However, recent work has adapted the Beerkan Soil Transfer Parameter (BEST) algorithm to include an expo- nential correction term for characterizing these types of soils. The original BEST-WR (WR = Water Repellent) method used a two-term approximate expansion of the Haverkamp quasi-exact implicit model. However, the BEST-WR method can have considerable inaccuracy, particularly as the time of infiltration and the soil water repellency increase. Here, we extended the BEST-WR model by adapting a three-term approximation of the Haverkamp quasi-exact implicit model to water-repellent soils. We then tested the new method using analytical data. For highly water-repellent soils, the proposed method had better performance when estimating soil sorp- tivity (S) and soil saturated conductivity (Ks), with respective errors of less than 1.5 % and 8 %, compared to relative errors of more than 10 % and 30 % with the two-term BEST-WR method. We also tested both approaches with experimental data. The two2methods provided2similar estimates for hydraulic parameters, with linear correlationsbetweenmethodsofR =0.84forSandR =0.88forKs.Initialinfiltrationwasnotwellmodeledby either the two-term or three-term model for 33 tests, thus revealing limitations in the applied exponential model that we used to account for soil repellency. Nonetheless, the proposed three-term expression provided better fits than the two-term model for most of the infiltration runs, meaning that this new approach is more robust when modeling infiltration processes in water-repellent soils.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116127
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https://hal.science/hal-03805386/file/Moret-FernandezD_Geoderma_2022.pdf BibTex
titre
Mosquito sex and mycobiota contribute to fructose metabolism in the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus
auteur
Morgane Guégan, Edwige Martin, Van Tran Van, Benjamin Fel, Anne-Emmanuelle Hay, Laurent Simon, Noémie Butin, Floriant Bellvert, Feth El Zahar Haichar, Claire Valiente Moro
article
Microbiome, 2022, 10 (1), pp.138. ⟨10.1186/s40168-022-01325-9⟩
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Plant floral nectars contain natural sugars such as fructose, which are a primary energy resource for adult mosquitoes. Despite the importance of carbohydrates for mosquito metabolism, a limited knowledge is available about the pathways involved in sugar assimilation by mosquitoes and their associated microbiota. To this end, we used 13 C-metabolomic and stable isotope probing approaches coupled to high-throughput sequencing to reveal fructose-related mosquito metabolic pathways and the dynamics of the active gut microbiota following fructose ingestion. Results Our results revealed significant differences in metabolic pathways between males and females, highlighting different modes of central carbon metabolism regulation. Competitive and synergistic interactions of diverse fungal taxa were identified within the active mycobiota following fructose ingestion. In addition, we identified potential cross-feeding interactions between this. Interestingly, there is a strong correlation between several active fungal taxa and the presence of fructose-derived metabolites. Conclusions Altogether, our results provide novel insights into mosquito carbohydrate metabolism and demonstrate that dietary fructose as it relates to mosquito sex is an important determinant of mosquito metabolism; our results also further highlight the key role of active mycobiota interactions in regulating the process of fructose assimilation in mosquitoes. This study opens new avenues for future research on mosquito-microbiota trophic interactions related to plant nectar-derived sugars. Graphical Abstract
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1186/s40168-022-01325-9
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03788426/file/2022_Gu%C3%A9gan_Microbiome.pdf BibTex
titre
Geochemistry and Sedimentology of a Minerotrophic Peat in a Western Mediterranean Mountain Wilderness Area
auteur
Vladimir Goutiers, Christopher Carcaillet
article
Quaternary, 2022, 5 (4), pp.48. ⟨10.3390/quat5040048⟩
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Sedimentological and biogeochemical measurements were conducted on minerotrophic peat in a wilderness area on a granitic plateau to reconstruct the local ecosystem’s history and clarify the peat’s response to local and global changes. The peat is less than 1900 years old. Its clay and iron (Fe) concentration profiles revealed an increasing atmospheric influx over time, whereas the levels of its nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg) have increased since the 19th century. Additionally, changes in the relative abundance of amorphous aluminium indicated a gradual decrease in soil weathering. The dominant metallic trace elements were cadmium during the Roman epoch and early Middle Ages, then lead and mercury during the modern and the industrial eras. Unexpectedly, the peat proved to be sub-modern and lacks wildfire proxies, probably indicating an absence of nearby woodlands over the last 1900 years. Its concentrations of Ca and Mg indicate that airborne transport of particles released by soil erosion in lowland agricultural plains has strongly affected the peat’s composition since the 18th–19th century. The site has also been heavily influenced by metallic contamination due to regional metallurgy and agriculture, producing a peat that has been modified by social imprints over several centuries.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.3390/quat5040048
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https://hal.science/hal-03865962/file/2022-Goutiers-quaternary-05-00048.pdf BibTex
titre
Altricial Bird Early-Stage Embryos Express the Molecular “Machinery” to Respond to and Modulate Maternal Thyroid Hormone Cues
auteur
Suvi Ruuskanen, Mickaela Hukkanen, Natacha Garcin, Nina Cossin-Sevrin, Bin‐yan Hsu, Antoine Stier
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Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2022, 95 (6), pp.544-550. ⟨10.1086/721556⟩
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Maternal hormones, such as thyroid hormones (THs) trans- ferred to embryos and eggs, are key signaling pathways for mediating maternal effects. To be able to respond to maternal cues, embryos must express the key molecular “machinery” of hormone pathways, such as enzymes and receptors. While altricial birds begin TH production only at or after hatching, experimental evidence suggests that their phenotype can be influenced by maternal THs deposited into the egg. However, it is not understood how or when altricial birds express genes in the TH pathway. For the first time, we measured the expression of key TH-pathway genes in altricial embryos by using two common altricial ecological model species, pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) and blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). Deiodinase DIO1 gene expression could not be reliably confirmed in either species, but deiodinase enzyme genes DIO2 and DIO3 were ex- pressed in both species. Given that DIO2 converts thyroxine to biologically active triiodothyronine and that DIO3 mostly con- verts triiodothyronine to inactive forms of THs, our results sug- gest that embryos may modulate maternal signals. TH receptors (THRA and THRB) and a monocarboxylate membrane transporter gene (SLC16A2) were also expressed, enabling TH responses. Our results suggest that altricial embryos may be able to re- spond to and potentially modulate maternal signals conveyed by THs in early development.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1086/721556
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Systematics, ontogeny and palaeobiogeography of the genus Orthacanthus (Diplodoselachidae, Xenacanthiformes) from the lower Permian of France
auteur
Vincent Luccisano, Alan Pradel, Romain Amiot, Jean‐marc Pouillon, René Kindlimann, Jean‐sébastien Steyer, Gilles Cuny
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Papers in Palaeontology, 2022, 8 (6), pp.e1470. ⟨10.1002/spp2.1470⟩
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The erection of Orthacanthus buxieri Heyler & Poplin from the lower Permian locality of Buxieres-les- Mines (Allier, France) was based on a poorly prepared specimen with only a few parts of its anatomy visible. The supposedly related teeth have been regarded as possibly belonging to O. kounoviensis, a species already known from the Carboniferous–Permian of Germany and Czech Republic. The holotype of O. buxieri requires extensive preparation before it can be revised, but the description of Orthacanthus isolated teeth and dorsal spines from Buxieres-les-Mines nev- ertheless provides useful information, especially given that no precise description of this material has been provided so far. The aim of this description is to better understand the evolutionary history of the French Orthacanthus and its rela- tionships with the other European species. The studied material is assigned to O. kounoviensis. This is the latest occurrence of this genus in Europe and the presence of both juvenile and adult teeth indicate that Buxieres-les-Mines was probably one of the last suitable environments for its repro- duction. We also identify Orthacanthus cf. kounoviensis from the Muse oil-shale bed, the first record of this genus in the Autun Basin. This brings into question the relationships between the different Carboniferous–Permian basins of the Northern Massif Central and suggests that they could still have been in connection during the lower Permian, in con- trast to the central European basins, which seem to be more isolated from each other.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1002/spp2.1470
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Hydrogen isotope measurements of bone and dental tissues from archaeological human and animal samples and their use as climatic and diet proxies
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Thibault Clauzel, Pascale Richardin, Jannick Ricard, Yves Le Béchennec, Romain Amiot, François Fourel, Diana Joseph, Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier, Jean-Pierre Flandrois, Christophe Lécuyer
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Journal of Archaeological Science, 2022, 147, pp.105676. ⟨10.1016/j.jas.2022.105676⟩
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Stable hydrogen isotope measurement of body tissues faces analytical and interpretative challenges such as hydrogen exchange with atmosphere or competitive influence of drinking water and food intake. Samples from the Gallic site of The ` zy-Glimont, France, have already been investigated isotopically for climate reconstruction and diet investigation of the buried individuals. This allows comparison with the hydrogen isotope composition (82H) of bone collagen, tooth enamel and of bulk bone measured for 8 humans and 11 animals. Three of the best -preserved human skeletons were incrementally sampled and show acceptable homogeneity of 82H values of bone collagen (<5%o) and of bulk bone (<10%o) despite various turnover rates of these tissues. Human tooth enamel records breastfeeding as attested by 82H values of pre-weaning teeth which are 2H-enriched by +20 to +30%o. We observe that the 82H of bone collagen and bulk bone are strongly correlated. The 82H signatures of bone collagen, tooth enamel and bulk bone record both climate conditions and dietary practices, as attested by linear re-lationships with traditional isotopic proxies (818O, 813C, 815N) which were previously measured on the same samples, although interpretations depend on the sampling strategy of each study. Measurements of 82H in bulk bone and dental tissues are more readily achievable than collagen which requires extraction and purification and could become crucial in studies where bone tissue is scarce or when the only available remains are tooth material.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jas.2022.105676
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https://u-picardie.hal.science/hal-03833280/file/1-s2.0-S0305440322001340-am.pdf BibTex
titre
The Late Quaternary flora, vegetation and landscape of the Massif Central (France) under climatic and anthropogenic constrains
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Jean Nicolas Haas, Hervé Cubizolle, Jacqueline Argant, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, André-Marie Dendievel
article
Quaternary International, 2022, 636, pp.1-8. ⟨10.1016/j.quaint.2022.08.009⟩
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2022.08.009
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https://amu.hal.science/hal-03842060/file/Haass%20et%20al%20QI%202022.pdf BibTex
titre
Multi-proxy study of the Pialeloup Bog (SE Massif Central, France) reveals long-term human environmental changes affecting peat ecosystems during the Holocene
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André-Marie Dendievel, Jacqueline Argant, Benjamin Dietre, Fabien Delrieu, Gwenolé Jouannic, Geoffrey Lemdahl, Christine Mennessier-Jouannet, Pierre Mille, Jean Nicolas Haas, Hervé Cubizolle
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Quaternary International, 2022, 636, pp.118-133. ⟨10.1016/j.quaint.2020.11.027⟩
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In order to reconstruct local environmental changes affecting wetlands in middle mountain ranges, this study presents a multi-proxy analysis of the Pialeloup peat record on the Béage Plateau (South-Eastern Massif Central, France). It combines macrofossil, beetle, palynological, and geochemical data. The results are compared with other palaeoecological studies and archaeological data from the Massif Central, Jura Mountains and Alpine regions to discuss the links between local environmental changes and socio-economical dynamics at larger scales. Based on this approach, early environmental changes were highlighted between 6500 and 4800 BC, most certainly due to animal trampling on the Pialeloup bog. These events seem synchronous with human presence from the Late Mesolithic to Early Neolithic. It suggested that wild animals and human/livestock might have frequented the Béage Plateau wetlands. Then, long-term landscape management was documented for the last 3000 years. Local palaeoecological insights (synanthropic plants, beech-forest clearings, increasing erosion) and archaeological evidence for human settlements (pottery, millstones, and anthropogenic soils) were revealed to start during the Iron Age (400–200 BC). From the Late Iron Age to the Early Medieval period (150 BC–AD 725), human activities combined livestock pasture and local cereal cultivation (such as rye, Secale cereale, as a winter crop). This long-term management produced an open landscape where only small beech/fir woods persisted (Fagus sylvatica/Abies alba). This step was essential for the further development of extensive livestock grazing since the Medieval period in this region.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2020.11.027
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Attenuated evolution of mammals through the Cenozoic
auteur
Anjali Goswami, Eve Noirault, Ellen Coombs, Julien Clavel, Anne-Claire Fabre, Thomas Halliday, Morgan Churchill, Abigail Curtis, Akinobu Watanabe, Nancy Simmons, Brian Beatty, Jonathan Geisler, David Fox, Ryan Felice
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Science, 2022, 378 (6618), pp.377-383. ⟨10.1126/science.abm7525⟩
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The Cenozoic diversification of placental mammals is the archetypal adaptive radiation. Yet, discrepancies between molecular divergence estimates and the fossil record fuel ongoing debate around the timing, tempo, and drivers of this radiation. Analysis of a three-dimensional skull dataset for living and extinct placental mammals demonstrates that evolutionary rates peak early and attenuate quickly. This long-term decline in tempo is punctuated by bursts of innovation that decreased in amplitude over the past 66 million years. Social, precocial, aquatic, and herbivorous species evolve fastest, especially whales, elephants, sirenians, and extinct ungulates. Slow rates in rodents and bats indicate dissociation of taxonomic and morphological diversification. Frustratingly, highly similar ancestral shape estimates for placental mammal superorders suggest that their earliest representatives may continue to elude unequivocal identification.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1126/science.abm7525
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https://hal.science/hal-03839671/file/Goswami%20et%20al.%202022_manuscript.%20Attenuated.pdf BibTex
titre
Drivers of Functional Diversity in the Hyporheic Zone of a Large River
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Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Michel Creuzé Des Châtelliers, Diana M.P. Galassi, Michel Lafont, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Frédéric Paran, Didier Graillot, Shishir Gaur, Pierre Marmonier
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Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 843, pp.156985. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156985⟩
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The effects of regional (hydrogeology and geomorphology) and local (sediment and hydrology) characteristics on hyporheic assemblages were studied along a 40-km reach of a large gravel-bed river. Hyporheic water and fauna were sampled at the upstream and downstream positions of 15 large gravel bars. The resulting 30 stations varied in their sediment grain size, stability and direction of river-aquifer exchanges. The study concludes that at the 40-km (sector) scale, the longitudinal distribution of hyporheic fauna was controlled by 1) the hydrogeology of the valley (i.e. gaining vs loosing sectors) that modifies abundance and taxonomic richness of stygobites 2) current channel morphometry of the river (i.e. shape and location of meanders), and 3) historical changes (i.e. river incision) which modify abundance and richness of assemblages. At the local scale, we found that surface grain size and stability of the sediment evaluated by visual observation were poor predictors of hyporheos composition. In contrast, the local hydrology (i.e. downwellings, upwellings, low vertical exchanges) explained a large part of the abundance, taxonomic richness and composition of the hyporheic assemblages. Stations with low vertical exchanges were found poorly colonized, while the upwelling zones were rich in stygobites and downwelling areas harbor abundant and species-rich temporary hyporheos. It was also observed that functional diversity was controlled by the same parameters, with high relative abundances of stygobites in upwelling zones and POM feeders in downwelling zones. The heterogeneity of hydrological patterns, with alternation of upwellings and downwellings may represent the optimal spatial structure for biodiversity conservation and resilience in rivers.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156985
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https://hal-emse.ccsd.cnrs.fr/emse-03695444/file/Dole-Olivier%20et%20al%202022%20HAL%20version.pdf BibTex
titre
Quantification of underwater calling and foraging activities in the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis
auteur
Léa Lorrain-Soligon, Jean Secondi
article
Amphibia-Reptilia, 2022, 43 (4), pp.357-367. ⟨10.1163/15685381-bja10107⟩
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Abstract Aquatic anuran species are difficult to detect and observe and this is a major limit to the study of their behaviour and ecology. This habit limits the direct monitoring of sexual and foraging activity, and the investigation of how environmental factors influence their expression as well as how individuals allocate time between competing activities. We investigated this issue in Xenopus laevis , a mostly aquatic frog that forages and emits calls underwater. This model species in biology has been extensively studied in the lab but its behaviour in nature remains poorly described. We carried out a study in a pond during the breeding season in the French invasive range. We recorded underwater vocal activity as a proxy for sexual activity using a hydrophone, set food-baited traps to quantify foraging activity, and recorded environmental conditions (moonlight intensity, temperature and rainfall) over two lunar cycles. We found that individuals engage in these two activities during the breeding season. At the peak of the breeding period, vocal activity was expressed during the day. The investment in reproduction (calling activity) may reduce the time allocated to foraging on a circadian scale. The two activities seem to be partitioned depending on moonlight intensity, with a stronger effect on males. Foraging activity decreased and vocal activity increased when moonlight intensity increased. We also observed a negative effect of temperature and a positive effect of rainfall on vocal activity only. Our method is promising to monitor the activity of other aquatic anurans.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1163/15685381-bja10107
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https://hal.science/hal-03832184/file/Lorrain_Soligon_AR.pdf BibTex
titre
Citizen science: How to extend reciprocal benefits from the project community to the broader socio-ecological system
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Aurore Receveur, Lucie Poulet, Benjamin Dalmas, Barbara Gonçalves, Antoine Vernay
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Quantitative Plant Biology, 2022, vol. 3, 11 p. (e20). ⟨10.1017/qpb.2022.16⟩
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Quantitative plant biology is a growing field, thanks to the substantial progress of models and artificial intelligence dealing with big data. However, collecting large enough datasets is not always straightforward. The citizen science approach can multiply the workforce, hence helping the researchers with data collection and analysis, while also facilitating the spread of scientific knowledge and methods to volunteers. The reciprocal benefits go far beyond the project community: By empowering volunteers and increasing the robustness of scientific results, the scientific method spreads to the socio-ecological scale. This review aims to demonstrate that citizen science has a huge potential (i) for science with the development of different tools to collect and analyse much larger datasets, (ii) for volunteers by increasing their involvement in the project governance and (iii) for the socio-ecological system by increasing the share of the knowledge, thanks to a cascade effect and the help of ‘facilitators’.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1017/qpb.2022.16
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https://uca.hal.science/hal-03797348/file/div-class-title-citizen-science-how-to-extend-reciprocal-benefits-from-the-project-community-to-the-broader-socio-ecological-system-div.pdf BibTex
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Multistep optimization of HyPix model for flexible vertical scaling of soil hydraulic parameters
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J.A.P. Pollacco, J. Fernández-Gálvez, C. Rajanayaka, S.C. Zammit, P. Ackerer, B. Belfort, L. Lassabatere, L. Lilburne, S. Carrick, D.A. Peltzer, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo
article
Environmental Modelling and Software, 2022, 156, pp.105472. ⟨10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105472⟩
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Efficient simulation of water-flow processes in the vadose zone is crucial to increase agricultural productivity within environmental limits. This requires deriving detailed soil hydraulic parameters of the soil profile that is highly challenging, particularly for heterogeneous soils. We therefore developed an alternative indirect meth- odology to calibrate the hydraulic parameters from soil water content time series measured at multiple depths by using the new physically based hydrological model HyPix. We propose a novel, efficient, multistep optimization algorithm for layered soils that derives an optimal set of hydraulic parameters for a desired number of soil layers. For each selected soil layer, HyPix derives five physical, bimodal, Kosugi hydraulic parameters that describe the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity by using a novel algorithm that reduces the degree of sensitivity and freedom of the parameters. The optimization al- gorithm upscales the soil hydraulic parameters by gradually incorporating the soil heterogeneity. This method overcomes the problems associated with optimization of the hydraulic parameters of each layer individually, which leads to poor results because it does not represent the cohesive soil water dynamics across the unsaturated zone. We tested the method using soil water content measurements at different depths at five heterogeneous experimental sites in New Zealand. We show how the accuracy of the simulated water balance components increases with the number of soil layers. The multistep optimization upscales a detailed, layered profile of soil hydraulic parameters into a model with fewer layers. The methodology developed provides an estimate of the uncertainty of using a reduced number of soil layers. We also show that a pedological description can provide an indication of the minimum soil layers of vertical discretization required to accurately compute the soil water balance components.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105472
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https://hal.science/hal-03805328/file/1-s2.0-S1364815222001761-main.pdf BibTex
titre
Environmental changes during the Late-Glacial and Early Holocene at the Gourd des Aillères mire in the Monts du Forez Mountains (Massif Central, France)
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Hervé Cubizolle, Jacqueline Argant, Karen Serieyssol, Franck Fassion, Christine Oberlin, André-Marie Dendievel, Yun Deng-Amiot, Célia Beaudouin, Irka Hajdas, Jean Nicolas Haas
article
Quaternary International, 2022, 636, pp.9-24. ⟨10.1016/j.quaint.2021.03.033⟩
resume
In the granitic part of the eastern Massif Central (France), the Gourd des Aillères (GDA) mire provides one of the only Late-Glacial and Early Holocene sequences with a continuous sedimentation since the Oldest Dryas around 16000 years calibrated Before Present (16 ka cal. BP). Bioclimatic and hydrological changes were reconstructed based on sedimentological parameters, as well as by means of plant and animal macrofossils, pollen, and diatoms analyses through time. The environmental history of this site started with a small lake formed behind a morainedam. The multi-proxy study of the sedimentary sequence demonstrated that the coldest conditions took place around 14.3 ka cal. BP, at the very end of the Oldest Dryas. The Bølling period (14.2-13.9 ka cal. BP) was obviously warmer than the Allerød period (13.9-12.8 ka cal. BP) in the Monts du Forez Mountains. However, both chronozones presented a short cooling phase: the Intra Bølling Cold Period (IBCP) and the Intra Allerød Cold Period (IACP), respectively. The Older Dryas (14-13.9 ka cal. BP) was identified for the first time in this region based on pollen and diatom indicators. Thereafter, the Younger Dryas (12.9-11.7 ka cal. BP) was characterised by major temperature fluctuations. Windy conditions prevailed as indirectly demonstrated by the high frequency of Aulacoseira diatoms in the sequence. The onset of the Holocene was dated to 11.7 ka cal. BP. Peat-forming processes started thereafter due to the quick postglacial warming and the former GDA lake finally evolved into a limnogenous mire at the end of the Preboreal (10.4 ka cal. BP).
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2021.03.033
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titre
Phenotypic variation in Xenopus laevis tadpoles from contrasting climatic regimes is the result of adaptation and plasticity
auteur
Natasha Kruger, Jean Secondi, Louis Du Preez, Anthony Herrel, John Measey
article
Oecologia, 2022, 200 (1-2), pp.37-50. ⟨10.1007/s00442-022-05240-6⟩
resume
Phenotypic variations between populations often correlate with climatic variables. Determining the presence of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation of a species to different environments over a large spatial scale can provide insight on the persistence of a species across its range. Amphibians, and in particular their larvae, are good models for studies of phenotypic variation as they are especially sensitive to their immediate environment. Few studies have attempted to determine the mechanisms that drive phenotypic variation between populations of a single amphibian species over a large spatial scale especially across contrasting climatic regimes. The African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, occurs in two regions with contrasting rainfall regimes in southern Africa. We hypothesised that the phenotypic variation of life-history traits of X. laevis tadpoles emerges from a combination of plastic and genetic responses. We predicted that plasticity would allow the development of tadpoles from both regions in each environment. We also predicted that local adaptation of larval traits would drive the differentiation of reaction norms between populations and lower survival in tadpoles reared away from their home environment. We measured growth, time to metamorphosis, and survival in a reciprocal transplant experiment using outdoor mesocosms. Supporting our prediction, we found that the measured variation of all traits was explained by both adaptation and plasticity. However, the reaction norms differed between populations suggesting adaptive and asymmetric plasticity. All tadpoles experienced lower survival when translocated, but only translocated tadpoles from the winter rainfall region matched survival of local tadpoles. This has implications for the dynamics of translocated X. laevis into novel environments, especially from the winter rainfall region. Our discovery of their asymmetric capacity to overcome novel environmental conditions by phenotypic plasticity alone provides insight into their invasion success.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s00442-022-05240-6
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https://hal.science/hal-03829958/file/main.pdf BibTex
titre
Microplastic trapping in dam reservoirs driven by complex hydrosedimentary processes (Villerest Reservoir, Loire River, France)
auteur
E. Dhivert, Ngoc-Nam Phuong, Brice Mourier, C. Grosbois, Johnny Gasperi
article
Water Research, 2022, 225, pp.119187. ⟨10.1016/j.watres.2022.119187⟩
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Dam reservoirs can strongly influence the spatial distribution of sediment pollution by microplastics (MP). The Villerest reservoir (Loire River, 36 km long) is a good candidate to study the relationship between MP pollution and hydrosedimentary processes. Sediments were collected from the damcontrolled river section and from 3 km downstream. Geomorphological and sedimentological analyses were performed and microplastics were analysed using µFTIR imaging (polymer identification for particle sizes ≥ 25 µm). This paper highlights strong MP levels (on an order of 10 4 items/kg dw) over the section characterized by fine-grained sediments (FGS). In coarse-grained sediments (CGS), at the upstream part of the reservoir and downstream of the dam, levels are one order of magnitude lower. FGS are indicator of long-time settling processes. Such conditions lead to foster the MP trapping as low-density suspended materials in the water column. CGS deposits originate from the river bed load. These sediments are transported in high-velocity and high-turbulent flow conditions. Moreover, postdepositional reworking of the finest fraction can occur according to hydrofluctuations. Here are adverse conditions for the MP trapping. The polymer diversity is also higher in FGS than in CGS. However, the range of plastic particle sizes is similar in FGS and CGS and is not related to the sediment grain-size distribution. Moreover, in both FGS and CGS, the polymer abundance is not correlated with the grain-size distribution or with the organic matter content. In the reservoir context, a change in the polymer partition appears over the FGS section in the downstream direction, depending on the polymer density. From a fundamental point of view, this work contributes to improving our understanding of the key role played by hydrosedimentary processes in MP repartition. These findings also have operational scopes, providing significant elements to advocate for a better consideration of MP pollution during sediment management operations.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119187
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https://univ-eiffel.hal.science/hal-03794252/file/tex00006031-3.pdf BibTex
titre
Consistent variations in personality traits and their potential for genetic improvement in biocontrol agents: Trichogramma evanescens as a case study
auteur
Silène Lartigue, Myriam Yalaoui, Jean Belliard, Claire Caravel, Louise Jeandroz, Géraldine Groussier, Vincent Calcagno, Philippe Louâpre, François Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Thibaut Malausa, Jérôme Moreau
article
Evolutionary Applications, 2022, 15 (10), pp.1565-1579. ⟨10.1111/eva.13329⟩
resume
Improvements in the biological control of agricultural pests require improvements in the phenotyping methods used by practitioners to select efficient biological control agent (BCA) populations in industrial rearing or field conditions. Consistent inter‐individual variations in behaviour (i.e. animal personality) probably affect BCA efficiency, but have never been taken into account in the development of phenotyping methods, despite having characteristics useful for phenotyping: repeatable (by definition), often heritable, etc. We developed a video‐tracking method targeting animal personality traits and evaluated the feasibility of its use for genetic improvement in the BCA Trichogramma evanescens, by phenotyping 1,049 individuals from 24 isogenic lines. We found consistent individual variations in boldness, activity and exploration. Personality differences between the 24 isogenic lines suggested a genetic origin of the variations in activity and exploration (broad‐sense heritability estimates of 0.06 to 0.11) and revealed a trade‐off between exploration and fecundity.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1111/eva.13329
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-03140141/file/Lartigue_et_al_2020.pdf BibTex
titre
Does hydrological connectivity control functional characteristics of artificial wetland communities? Evidence from the Rhône River
auteur
Maxine Thorel, Pierre Marmonier, Céline Bertrand, Cécile Claret, Stéphanie Fayolle, Maxime Logez, Jean-Michel Olivier, Benjamin Oursel, Antonin Vienney, Hervé Piegay, Evelyne Franquet
article
Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries, 2022, 84 (4), pp.66. ⟨10.1007/s00027-022-00889-w⟩
resume
The importance of artificial wetlands for the biodiversity of the Rhône River floodplain was assessed at twelve stations along two sections of the river. The relative roles of the local characteristics of the wetlands (e.g. available nutrients, dissolved oxygen, sediment quality) and of their connectivity with the main channel were considered for three different groups of organisms (benthic micr obes, benthic invertebrates and phytoplankton communities). The functional characteristics of these organisms were determined through their enzymatic activities (for microbes) and biological traits (for invertebrates and phytoplankton). The predicted major role of connections between the wetlands and the river channel was confirmed for environmental characteristics (water and sediment) and benthic invertebrates. Connectivity appeared to be less of a driver of benthic microbial communities and phytoplankton, which were partly or mainly controlled by wetland geometry (water depth, light penetration, and resulting organic matter production). We conclude that connectivity with the river channel needs to be considered jointly with the geometry of wetlands to provide functional solutions when defining management and restoration plans.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s00027-022-00889-w
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03813778/file/Thorel_et_al_2022_pers_ed.pdf BibTex
titre
Are morphological characteristics of Parrotia (Hamamelidaceae) pollen species diagnostic?
auteur
Benjamin Adroit, Friðgeir Grímsson, Jean-Pierre Suc, Gilles Escarguel, Reinhard Zetter, Johannes M Bouchal, Séverine Fauquette, Xin Zhuang, Morteza Djamali
article
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2022, 307, pp.104776. ⟨10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104776⟩
resume
Parrotia persica is one of the most notable endemic relict tree species growing in the Hyrcanian forest at the southern Caspian Sea. The recent discovery of sibling species Parrotia subaequalis, occurring in the temperate forests of southeastern China, offers the opportunity to compare their morphology and ecological preferences and to dig deeper into the paleophytogeographic history of the genus from a perspective. Since pollen morphology of these species would be essential to unravel the origin and evolution of these Arcto-Tertiary species, the present study aimed to investigate whether it is possible to segregate pollen from these two species. Therefore, a detailed combined light-and scanning electron microscopy-based pollen-analysis of each taxon was conducted, the pollen was described, measured, and compared using statistical approaches and principal component analyses to establish unbiased results. The correlation-based principal component analysis achieved for each species shows an overall good superposition of pollen grains measured in equatorial and polar views in the first principal plane, revealing that the P. persica pollen is morphometrically as homogeneous as that of P. subaequalis. Then, the significant difference, mainly driven by lumen density, has been highlighted between the two species. Ultimately, the cross-validation of the resulting two-species linear discriminants classifier shows that based upon this reference dataset, (sub)fossil pollen grain can now be confidently assigned to either of the two species with an 85.8% correct-assignment rate. This opens new doors in the affiliation of fossil Parrotia pollen and suggests that previous pollen records need to be revised.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104776
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https://hal.science/hal-03810037/file/Adroit%20et%20al.%2C%202022%2C%20Rev.%20Palaeobot.%20Palynol.%2C%20307%2C%20104776.pdf BibTex
titre
Direct habitat descriptors improve the understanding of the organization of fish and macroinvertebrate communities across a large catchment
auteur
Coline Picard, Mathieu Floury, Hanieh Seyedhashemi, Maxime Morel, Hervé Pella, Nicolas Lamouroux, Laëtitia Buisson, Florentina Moatar, Anthony Maire
article
PLoS ONE, 2022, 17 (9), pp.e0274167. ⟨10.1371/journal.pone.0274167⟩
resume
In large-scale aquatic ecological studies, direct habitat descriptors (e.g. water temperature, hydraulics in river reaches) are often approximated by coarse-grain surrogates (e.g. air temperature, discharge respectively) since they are easier to measure or model. However, as biological variability can be very strong at the habitat scale, surrogate variables may have a limited ability to capture all of this variability, which may lead to a lesser understanding of the ecological processes or patterns of interest. In this study, we aimed to compare the capacity of direct habitat descriptors vs. surrogate environmental variables to explain the organization of fish and macroinvertebrate communities across the Loire catchment in France (10 5 km 2 ). For this purpose, we relied on high-resolution environmental data, extensive biological monitoring data (>1000 sampling stations) and multivariate analyses. Fish and macroinvertebrate abundance datasets were considered both separately and combined to assess the value of a cross-taxa approach. We found that fish and macroinvertebrate communities exhibited weak concordance in their organization and responded differently to the main ecological gradients. Such variations are probably due to fundamental differences in their life-history traits and mobility. Regardless of the biological group considered, direct habitat descriptors (water temperature and local hydraulic variables) consistently explained the organization of fish and macroinvertebrate communities better than surrogate descriptors (air temperature and river discharge). Furthermore, the organization of fish and macroinvertebrate communities was slightly better explained by the combination of direct or surrogate environmental variables when the two biological groups were considered together than when considered separately. Tied together, these results emphasize the importance of using a cross-taxa approach in association with high-resolution direct habitat variables to more accurately explain the organization of aquatic communities.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0274167
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https://hal.science/hal-03788090/file/Picard%20et%20al.%20%282022%29%20PLoS%20ONE.pdf BibTex
titre
Compensatory recruitment allows amphibian population persistence in anthropogenic habitats
auteur
Hugo Cayuela, Benjamin Monod-Broca, Jean-François Lemaître Lemaître, Aurélien Besnard, Jérôme Gippet, Benedikt Schmidt, Antonio Romano, Thomas Hertach, Claudio Angelini, Stefano Canessa, Giacomo Rosa, Leonardo Vignoli, Alberto Venchi, Marco Carafa, Filippo Giachi, Andrea Tiberi, Alena Hantzschmann, Ulrich Sinsch, Emilie Tournier, Eric Bonnaire, Günter Gollmann, Birgit Gollmann, Annemarieke Spitzen-van der Sluijs, Holger Buschmann, Thierry Kinet, Arnaud Laudelout, Remi Fonters, Yoann Bunz, Marc Corail, Carlo Biancardi, Anna Di Cerbo, Dominique Langlois, Jean-Marc Thirion, Laurent Bernard, Elodie Boussiquault, Florian Doré, Titouan Leclerc, Nadine Enderlin, Florian Laurenceau, Lucy Morin, Mégane Skrzyniarz, Mickael Barrioz, Yohan Morizet, Sam Cruickshank, Julian Pichenot, Andreas Maletzky, Thibaut Delsinne, Dominik Henseler, Damien Aumaître, Miguel Gailledrat, Julien Moquet, Robert Veen, Peter Krijnen, Laurent Rivière, Matteo Trenti, Sonia Endrizzi, Paolo Pedrini, Marta Biaggini, Stefano Vanni, David Dudgeon, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jean-Paul Léna
article
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022, 119 (38), pp.e2206805119. ⟨10.1073/pnas.2206805119⟩
resume
Habitat anthropization is a major driver of global biodiversity decline. Although most species are negatively affected, some benefit from anthropogenic habitat modifications by showing intriguing life-history responses. For instance, increased recruitment through higher allocation to reproduction or improved performance during early-life stages could compensate for reduced adult survival, corresponding to “compensatory recruitment”. To date, evidence of compensatory recruitment in response to habitat modification is restricted to plants, limiting understanding of its importance as a response to global change. We used the yellow-bellied toad ( Bombina variegata ), an amphibian occupying a broad range of natural and anthropogenic habitats, as a model species to test for and to quantify compensatory recruitment. Using an exceptional capture–recapture dataset composed of 21,714 individuals from 67 populations across Europe, we showed that adult survival was lower, lifespan was shorter, and actuarial senescence was higher in anthropogenic habitats, especially those affected by intense human activities. Increased recruitment in anthropogenic habitats fully offset reductions in adult survival, with the consequence that population growth rate in both habitat types was similar. Our findings indicate that compensatory recruitment allows toad populations to remain viable in human-dominated habitats and might facilitate the persistence of other animal populations in such environments.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.2206805119
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https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-03775841/file/cayuela_etal_2022_BOVA_compensatory-recruitment-allows-amphibian-population-persistence.pdf BibTex
titre
Reconstruction of historical suspended particulate matter contributions of Rhône River tributaries to the Mediterranean Sea
auteur
C Bégorre, A Dabrin, Matthieu Masson, B Mourier, F Eyrolle, H Lepage, A Morereau, M Coquery
article
Geomorphology, 2022, 417, pp.108445. ⟨10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108445⟩
resume
Total metal concentrations are usually used as geochemical tracers to identify sources of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment deposits, but their non-conservative behaviour can lead to large uncertainties. This non-conservatism may be a significant issue when total metal concentrations of contemporary SPM are used to determine historical sediment sources, as diagenesis processes and/or past anthropogenic inputs modify metal concentrations in sediment core profiles. For the Rhône River, which is the main supplier of SPM to the Mediterranean Sea, there is no information on historical SPM source contributions from its main tributaries during major flooding events. The objective of this study was to highlight the relevance of using tracers in the nonreactive fraction to estimate the historical relative SPM contributions of the main tributaries of the Rhône River. These historical SPM contributions (1981-2017) were reconstructed based on a sediment core sampled at the outlet of the river basin and on sampling of contemporary SPM (2011-2019, Rhône Sediment Observatory monitoring network) from each main tributary. Fine stratigraphic resolution enabled us, using this original fingerprinting method, to reconstruct historical tributary contributions to sediment deposits at the scale of past flooding events over the last 37 years. When using tracers in the total fraction of SPM/sediments, the Isère and Ardèche rivers were the main contributors of SPM (32 % and 22 % on average, respectively) during the 1981-2017 period, whereas when using tracers in the non-reactive fraction, the main SPM source was the Durance River (52 %). The results obtained by this fingerprinting approach using the non-reactive fraction are fully consistent with literature data estimated using other methods (e.g. mean interannual SPM contribution of 53 % for the Durance River), and with documented historical flood events. This study showed that using tracers in the non-reactive fraction is more reliable than using tracers in the total fraction, especially for the deepest layers of the sediment core that are influenced by historical anthropogenic inputs.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108445
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03816201/file/Begorre_et_al_GEOMOR-11806R1_VF.pdf BibTex
titre
First pollen record from the Late Holocene forest environment in the Lesser Caucasus
auteur
Sébastien Joannin, A. Capit, V. Ollivier, Olivier Bellier, Benoît Brossier, Brice Mourier, P. Tozalakian, Claude Colombié, Maxime Yevadian, A. Karakhanyan, Boris Gasparyan, Ariel Malinsky-Buller, Christine Chataigner, Bérengère Perello
article
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2022, 304, pp.104713. ⟨10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104713⟩
resume
The nature and timing of environmental changes throughout the last glacial-interglacial transition in the South Caucasus, and more widely in eastern Europe, are still not fully understood. According to certain pollen records, forest expansion occurred in many areas several millennia after what is considered worldwide as the onset of the Holocene. The current problem we face is that the time lag in forest expansion varies from one sequence to another, sometimes with no delay at all. Moreover, the potential forcing/controlling factors behind this complex pattern, contrary to the almost synchronous global Holocene warming, are still a matter for debate. Accordingly, we revisit the issue of forest expansion through vegetation history obtained in the South Caucasus using a new pollen record, retrieved from the Nariani paleolake (South Georgia). These data attest to a steppic phase, initially dominated by Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae (12,700-10,500 cal yr BP), then by Poaceae (10,500-9000 cal yr BP), culminating with a more forested phase (9000-5000 cal yr BP). Although some palaeoclimatic regional reconstructions show a wet early Holocene, we interpret the delay in forest expansion recorded in Nariani (2500 years) as the result of reduced spring precipitation, which would have limited forest development at that time.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104713
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https://hal.science/hal-03701428/file/Joannin_kalavan%20red%20lake%202022.pdf BibTex
titre
Life in the woods: Taphonomic evolution of a diverse saproxylic community within fossil woods from Upper Cretaceous submarine mass flow deposits (Mzamba Formation, southeast Africa)
auteur
Marc Philippe, Stephen Mcloughlin, Christine Strullu-Derrien, Marion Bamford, Steffen Kiel, André Nel, Frédéric Thévenard
article
Gondwana Research, 2022, 109, pp.113-133. ⟨10.1016/j.gr.2022.04.008⟩
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.gr.2022.04.008
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https://hal.science/hal-03667707/file/1-s2.0-S1342937X22001162-am.pdf BibTex
titre
Scale-dependent effects of vegetation on flow velocity and biogeochemical conditions in aquatic systems
auteur
Sofia Licci, Pierre Marmonier, Geraldene Wharton, Cécile Delolme, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Laurent Simon, Félix Vallier, Tjeerd Bouma, Sara Puijalon
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 833, pp.155123. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155123⟩
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155123
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https://hal.science/hal-03652218/file/Licci-2022-STOTEN.pdf BibTex
titre
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation response overrides glucocorticoid-induced stress in a reptile
auteur
Yann Voituron, Damien Roussel, Jean-François Le Galliard, Andréaz Dupoué, Caroline Romestaing, Sandrine Meylan
article
Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2022, 192 (6), pp.765-774. ⟨10.1007/s00360-022-01454-5⟩
resume
Stress hormones and their impacts on whole organism metabolic rates are usually considered as appropriate proxies for animal energy budget that is the foundation of numerous concepts and models aiming at predicting individual and population responses to environmental stress. However, the dynamics of energy re-allocation under stress make the link between metabolism and corticosterone complex and still unclear. Using ectopic application of corticosterone for 3, 11 and 21 days, we estimated a time effect of stress in a lizard (Zootoca vivipara). We then investigated whole organism metabolism, muscle cellular O-2 consumption and liver mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation processes (O-2 consumption and ATP production) and ROS production. The data showed that while skeletal muscle is not impacted, stress regulates the liver mitochondrial functionality in a time-dependent manner with opposing pictures between the different time expositions to corticosterone. While 3 days exposition is characterized by lower ATP synthesis rate and high H2O2 release with no change in the rate of oxygen consumption, the 11 days exposition reduced all three fluxes of about 50%. Oxidative phosphorylation capacities in liver mitochondria of lizard treated with corticosterone for 21 days was similar to the hepatic mitochondrial capacities in lizards that received no corticosterone treatment but with 40% decrease in H2O2 production. This new mitochondrial functioning allows a better capacity to respond to the energetic demands imposed by the environment but do not influence whole organism metabolism. In conclusion, global mitochondrial functioning has to be considered to better understand the proximal causes of the energy budget under stressful periods.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s00360-022-01454-5
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https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-03764878/file/Voituron_JCB_2022_PrePrint.pdf BibTex
titre
Reconstruction of the Holocene Climate and Environmental changes of Niayes Peat Bog in Northern coast of Senegal (NW Africa) based on Stable Isotopes and Charcoals Analysis
auteur
Ada Ndiaye, Ilham Bentaleb, Charly Favier, François Fourel, David Sebag, Mamadou Fall, Pierre Giresse, Bachir Diouf
article
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2022, 289, pp.107609. ⟨10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107609⟩
resume
A core from a peat bog in the “Niayes” region, northwest of Senegal, provides a valuable insight into the evolution of the landscape and fire regime related to the West African Monsoon rainfall and to human impact over the Holocene. The high-resolution multiproxy approach based on stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C), Rock-Eval® thermal analysis, and charcoal analysis, provides an understanding of vegetation composition (C3/C4) and fire regime in the continental watershed. The analysis of our data indicates a more woody landscape and a higher water table level, related to increased monsoonal rainfall during the African Humid period (AHP) between 9.5 and 5.5 cal kyr BP. High insolation and orbital changes account for a northward migration of the African Rain Belt and a reinforced West Africa monsoon. The amount of forest fires was low and most likely of natural occurrence, as human density was very low. A short dry event interrupts the AHP and gives rise to a weakly grassy landscape at around 8.2 cal kyr BP. This drought of centennial scale (400 years) occurring between 8.4 and 8 cal kyr BP is concomitant with the general cooling observed in the Northern Hemisphere. After a period of transition, the millennial-scale Late Holocene dry period begins at 4.8 cal kyr BP. The low water table level, resulting from a decrease in precipitation, coincides with the appearance of a grassy savanna landscape. Insolation decrease and reduced vegetation were likely driven by a southward migration of the African Rain Belt and a weakening of the monsoon. During the late Holocene the “Niayes” zone evolved into a phase of environmental stress often interrupted by Little Humid Periods (LHP) of centennial scale (500 and 600 years) respectively between 4.4 and 3.9 and between 1.1 and 0.5 cal kyr BP. After 0.5 cal kyr BP the decrease in precipitation and the increase in savanna fires, probaly of anthropogenic origin, favor the landscape opening.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107609
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https://ifp.hal.science/hal-03718018/file/Reconstruction%20of%20the%20Holocene%20Climate%20and%20Environmental%20changes%20of%20Niayes%20peat%20bog%20in%20Northern%20coast%20of%20Senegal%20%28NW%20Africa%29%20based%20on%20Stable%20Isotopes%20and%20Charcoals%20Analysis.pdf BibTex
titre
Book review
auteur
Gilles Cuny
article
Geobios, 2022, 72-73, pp.68-69. ⟨10.1016/j.geobios.2022.06.001⟩
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.geobios.2022.06.001
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titre
Impacts of chemical stress, season, and climate change on the flounder population of the highly anthropised Seine estuary (France)
auteur
Jennifer Laurent, Edouard Lavergne, Jérôme Couteau, Stéphane Le Floch, Baghdad Ouddane, Jérôme Cachot, Blandine Davail, Christelle Clérandeau, Simon Devin, Cédric Fisson, Alain Devaux, Rachid Amara, Mamadou Diop, Vianney Pichereau, Jean Laroche
article
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022, 29 (39), pp.59751-59769. ⟨10.1007/s11356-022-20000-y⟩
resume
The main objective of this study was to improve our knowledge on the responses of fish populations to multistress (diffuse pollution and warming waters) in estuaries. Adult flounders were caught in two estuaries in the Eastern English Channel: the heavily polluted Seine estuary vs the moderately contaminated Canche estuary. Fish samplings were conducted in January just before the reproduction period, and in July when gonads were at rest. The overall rise in coastal winter water temperatures detected over the Channel impairs the flounder's phenology of reproduction in the two estuaries, inducing a delay of maturation process and probably also spawning. The higher liver histopathology index in Seine vs Canche could be the consequence of the fish exposition to a complex cocktail of contaminants in a strongly industrialized estuary. Higher levels of neurotoxicity, gill lipid peroxidation, and liver EROD activity were observed in Seine vs Canche. Furthermore, a possible impairment in mitochondrial metabolism was suggested in the Seine flounder population. We confirmed in this study the potential role of two membrane lipids (sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine) in the resistance towards oxidative stress in Seine and Canche. Finally, we suggest that the Seine flounder population (and possibly the connected Eastern English Channel flounder populations over the French Coast) could be seriously impacted in the future by multistress: higher winter temperatures and chemical contamination.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s11356-022-20000-y
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03838250/file/2022_Laurent_Env_Sci_Pollution_Res.pdf BibTex
titre
Subterranean species inventory in the molecular era
auteur
Florian Malard, Héloïse Verdier, Lara Konecny-Dupré, David Eme, Christophe J Douady, Tristan Lefébure
article
Karstologia, 2022
resume
Depuis les premieres decouvertes dans les annees 1860 d'organismes souterrains en France, !'effort d'echantillonnage et d'identification des especes souterraines est reste soutenu. Pourtant, l'inventaire des especes est encore largement incomplet. Depuis les annees 1990, la percee des methodes moleculaires a revolutionne les concepts et les pratiques guidant l'inventaire des especes. lei, nous expliquons comment les methodes moleculaires ont change la façon de delimiter, d'identifier et d'echantillonner les especes. Dans le cadre de la taxinomie integrative, les especes sont desormais delimitees a la fois sur des bases morphologiques et moleculaires. Les methodes de delimitation moleculaire fournissent souvent beaucoup plus de taxons avec des aires de distribution plus restreintes que la morphologie. L'inventaire moleculaire des especes est simultanement passe de l'echantillonnage des specimens a celui de I' ADN environnemental (AD Ne) et de !'identification d'un seul organisme (barcoding) a !'identification en masse de toute une communaute (metabarcoding). Toutefois, ii existe encore un certain nombre de defis a relever pour que l'ADN environnemental et le metabarcoding soient appliques en routine a l'inventaire de la biodiversite souterraine.
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titre
The impact of paleoclimatic changes on body size evolution in marine fishes
auteur
Emily Troyer, Ricardo Betancur-R, Lily Hughes, Mark Westneat, Giorgio Carnevale, William White, John Pogonoski, James Tyler, Carole Baldwin, Guillermo Ortí, Andrew Brinkworth, Julien Clavel, Dahiana Arcila
article
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022, 119 (29), pp.e2122486119. ⟨10.1073/pnas.2122486119⟩
resume
Body size is an important species trait, correlating with life span, fecundity, and other ecological factors. Over Earth’s geological history, climate shifts have occurred, potentially shaping body size evolution in many clades. General rules attempting to summarize body size evolution include Bergmann’s rule, which states that species reach larger sizes in cooler environments and smaller sizes in warmer environments, and Cope’s rule, which poses that lineages tend to increase in size over evolutionary time. Tetraodontiform fishes (including pufferfishes, boxfishes, and ocean sunfishes) provide an extraordinary clade to test these rules in ectotherms owing to their exemplary fossil record and the great disparity in body size observed among extant and fossil species. We examined Bergmann’s and Cope’s rules in this group by combining phylogenomic data (1,103 exon loci from 185 extant species) with 210 anatomical characters coded from both fossil and extant species. We aggregated data layers on paleoclimate and body size from the species examined, and inferred a set of time-calibrated phylogenies using tip-dating approaches for downstream comparative analyses of body size evolution by implementing models that incorporate paleoclimatic information. We found strong support for a temperature-driven model in which increasing body size over time is correlated with decreasing oceanic temperatures. On average, extant tetraodontiforms are two to three times larger than their fossil counterparts, which otherwise evolved during periods of warmer ocean temperatures. These results provide strong support for both Bergmann’s and Cope’s rules, trends that are less studied in marine fishes compared to terrestrial vertebrates and marine invertebrates.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.2122486119
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titre
Mice selected for a high basal metabolic rate evolved larger guts but not more efficient mitochondria
auteur
Paweł Brzęk, Damien Roussel, Marek Konarzewski
article
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2022, 289 (1978), pp.20220719. ⟨10.1098/rspb.2022.0719⟩
resume
Intra-specific variation in both the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and mitochondrial efficiency (the amount of ATP produced per unit of oxygen consumed) has profound evolutionary and ecological consequences. However, the functional mechanisms responsible for this variation are not fully understood. Mitochondrial efficiency is negatively correlated with BMR at the interspecific level but it is positively correlated with performance capacity at the intra-specific level. This discrepancy is surprising, as theories explaining the evolution of endothermy assume a positive correlation between BMR and performance capacity. Here, we quantified mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation activity and efficiency in two lines of laboratory mice divergently selected for either high (H-BMR) or low (L-BMR) levels of BMR. H-BMR mice had larger livers and kidneys (organs that are important predictors of BMR). H-BMR mice also showed higher oxidative phosphorylation activity in liver mitochondria but this difference can be hypothesized to be a direct effect of selection only if the heritability of this trait is low. However, mitochondrial efficiency in all studied organs did not differ between the two lines. We conclude that the rapid evolution of BMR can reflect changes in organ size rather than mitochondrial properties, and does not need to be accompanied obligatorily by changes in mitochondrial efficiency.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2022.0719
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Taphonomy and mineralization of carbonated wood from the Purbeckian facies of l’Usine, Cherves-Richemont (Charente)
auteur
Didier Néraudeau, Marc Philippe, Abderrazak El Albani, Jean‐david Moreau, France Polette, Jean-Paul Saint Martin
article
Geodiversitas, 2022, 44 (24), pp.665-682. ⟨10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a24⟩
resume
Lower Cretaceous deposits from the Charentes region, in southwestern France, correspond to Purbeckian facies of continental to brackish environments, locally rich in evaporitic formations (Manès 1850; Pouech et al. 2006, 2014, 2015; Schnyder et al. 2012; Vullo et al. 2014; Moreau et al. 2017b). Three fossiliferous localities have been previously identified: the Berriasian gypsum of Champblanc, near Cherves, with both teeth accumulations and bone beds of fishes, crocodiles and dinosaurs, but relatively poor in fossil wood (Buffetaut et al. 1989; Le Loeuff et al. 1996; Schnyder 2003; Colin et al. 2004; El Albani et al. 2004; Mazin et al. 2006; Rees et al. 2013); the Berriasian marls and calcareous conglomerate of Angeac-Charente, particularly rich in dinosaur megaremains and lignitic accumulations (Néraudeau et al. 2012; Allain et al. 2014; Benoît et al. 2017; Polette et al. 2018; Polette 2019); the Purbeckian to Wealden clay and conglomerate of the Rochefort area, providing large bones of dinosaurs in surface blocks, but never observed in stratigraphical position (Vullo et al. 2012). Another fossiliferous Purbeckian locality from the Charentes region, the Chassiron coast of Oleron Island, is rich in vertebrate and plant remains, but mainly Tithonian in age (Vullo et al. 2014; Moreau et al. 2017b).
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DOI
DOI : 10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a24
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titre
Aquatic organic matter decomposition in the terrestrial environments of an intermittent headwater stream
auteur
Nans Barthélémy, Romain Sarremejane, Thibault Datry
article
Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries, 2022, 84 (3), pp.45. ⟨10.1007/s00027-022-00878-z⟩
resume
Rivers and their riparian zones are linked by reciprocal subsidies such as leaf fall or the emergence of biphasic aquatic organisms. Transfers of subsidies from freshwater to terrestrial ecosystems have been broadly studied, yet few studies have explored the transfer of aquatic organic matter (AOM) to surrounding terrestrial ecosystems as a response of hydrological variability. When rivers dry or flood, AOM can be transferred to terrestrial ecosystems and decomposed by terrestrial organisms, however, this process remains poorly investigated. In this study, we monitored the decomposition rate of several types of AOM (algae, macroinvertebrate and fish) exposed to different drying intensity, on the gravel bars and in the riparian zone of an intermittent headwater stream. The contribution of different terrestrial organisms to this decomposition rate was also explored. We showed that decomposition rates did not differ between the gravel bars and riparian zone although the invertebrate assemblages, which colonized the AOM, did. The decomposition rates depended mainly on the type of organic matter, with AOM of animal origin being decomposed more rapidly than that of vegetal origin. Microorganisms and vertebrates contributed most to the decomposition. Our results suggest that stranded AOM is consumed by terrestrial organisms; however, environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity can affect its decomposition. As extreme hydrological events are becoming more frequent, we need further research to explore how stranded AOM decomposition changes across seasons, river types and climates to improve our understanding of this process and its importance for terrestrial food webs.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s00027-022-00878-z
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titre
New data on the geographic and stratigraphic range of the Mesozoic fossil wood genera Protocedroxylon and Xenoxylon in the Arctic region
auteur
Maxim Afonin, Marc Philippe, Dmitry Gromyko
article
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2022, 302, pp.104667. ⟨10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104667⟩
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104667
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Influence of edaphic conditions and persistent organic pollutants on earthworms in an infiltration basin
auteur
G. Fernandes, O. Roques, L. Lassabatère, L. Sarles, A. Venisseau, P. Marchand, Jean-Philippe Bedell
article
Environmental Pollution, 2022, 304, pp.119192. ⟨10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119192⟩
resume
In recent decades, stormwater management has developed to allow stormwater to infiltrate directly into the soils instead of being collected and routed to sewer systems. However, during infiltration, stormwater creates a sediment deposit at the soil surface as the result of high loads of suspended particles (including pollutants), leading to the settlement of sedimentary layers prone to colonization by plants and earthworms. This study aims to investigate the earthworm communities of a peculiar infiltration basin and investigate the influence of edaphic conditions (water content, organic matter content, pH, height of sediment) and of persistent organic pollutants (POPs: PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs) on these earthworms. Attention was paid to their age (juveniles or adults) and their functional group (epigeic, endogeic, anecic). We found that the earthworm abundance was mostly driven by edaphic conditions, with only a slight impact of POPs, with a significant negative impact of PCBDLno for juveniles and endogeic, and PCDDs for epigeic. On the contrary, the height of the sediment and the water content are beneficial for their presence and reproduction. Furthermore, POPs contents are also linked to physicochemical parameters of the sediment. Bioaccumulation was clearly revealed in the studied site but does not differ between juveniles and adults, except for PCDDs. Conversely, BAF values seemed to vary between functional groups, except for PCBDL non-ortho. It strongly varies with the family types (PCBs versus PCCD/Fs) and between congeners within the same family, with specific strong bioaccumulation for a few congeners.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119192
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titre
Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity
auteur
Beth Reinke, Hugo Cayuela, Fredric J. Janzen, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, A. Michelle Lawing, John B. Iverson, Ditte Marie Christiansen, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Gregorio Sánchez-Montes, Jorge Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Francis L.R. Rose, Nicola Nelson, Susan Keall, Alain J. Crivelli, Theodoros Nazirides, Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth, Klaus Henle, Emiliano Mori, Gaëtan Guiller, Rebecca Homan, Anthony Olivier, Erin Muths, Blake Hossack, Xavier Bonnet, David Pilliod, Marieke Lettink, Tony Whitaker, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Michael G. Gardner, Marc Cheylan, Françoise Poitevin, Ana Golubovic, Ljiljana Tomović, Dragan Arsovski, Richard A. Griffiths, Jan W. Arntzen, Jean-Pierre Baron, Jean-François Le Galliard, Thomas Tully, Luca Luiselli, Massimo Capula, Lorenzo Rugiero, Rebecca McCaffery, Lisa A. Eby, Venetia Briggs-Gonzalez, Frank Mazzotti, David Pearson, Brad A. Lambert, David M. Green, Nathalie Jreidini, Claudio Angelini, Graham Pyke, Jean-Marc Thirion, Pierre Joly, Jean-Paul Léna, Anton D. Tucker, Col Limpus, Pauline Priol, Aurélien Besnard, Pauline Bernard, Kristin Stanford, Richard King, Justin Garwood, Jaime Bosch, Franco L. Souza, Jaime Bertoluci, Shirley Famelli, Kurt Grossenbacher, Omar Lenzi, Kathleen Matthews, Sylvain Boitaud, Deanna H. Olson, Tim S. Jessop, Graeme R. Gillespie, Jean Clobert, Murielle Richard, Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez, Gary M. Fellers, Patrick Kleeman, Brian Halstead, Evan H. Campbell Grant, Phillip G. Byrne, Thierry Frétey, Bernard Le Garff, Pauline Levionnois, John C. Maerz, Julian Pichenot, Kurtuluş Olgun, Nazan Üzüm, Aziz Avcı, Claude Miaud, Johan Elmberg, Gregory Brown, Richard Shine, Nathan F. Bendik, Lisa O’Donnell, Courtney L. Davis, Michael J. Lannoo, Rochelle M. Stiles, Robert M. Cox, Aaron M. Reedy, Daniel A. Warner, Eric Bonnaire, Kristine Grayson, Roberto Ramos-Targarona, Eyup Baskale, David Muñoz, John Measey, F. Andre de Villiers, Will Selman, Victor Ronget, Anne M. Bronikowski, David A. W. Miller
article
Science, 2022, 376 (6600), pp.1459-1466. ⟨10.1126/science.abm0151⟩
resume
Comparative studies of mortality in the wild are necessary to understand the evolution of aging; yet, ectothermic tetrapods are underrepresented in this comparative landscape, despite their suitability for testing evolutionary hypotheses. We present a study of aging rates and longevity across wild tetrapod ectotherms, using data from 107 populations (77 species) of nonavian reptiles and amphibians. We test hypotheses of how thermoregulatory mode, environmental temperature, protective phenotypes, and pace of life history contribute to demographic aging. Controlling for phylogeny and body size, ectotherms display a higher diversity of aging rates compared with endotherms and include phylogenetically widespread evidence of negligible aging. Protective phenotypes and life-history strategies further explain macroevolutionary patterns of aging. Analyzing ectothermic tetrapods in a comparative context enhances our understanding of the evolution of aging.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1126/science.abm0151
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titre
Respiratory dysfunction in two rodent models of chronic epilepsy and acute seizures and its link with the brainstem serotonin system
auteur
Hayet Kouchi, Michaël Ogier, Gabriel Dieuset, Anne Morales, Béatrice Georges, Jean-Louis Rouanet, Benoît Martin, Philippe Ryvlin, Sylvain Rheims, Laurent Bezin
article
Scientific Reports, 2022, 12 (1), pp.10248. ⟨10.1038/s41598-022-14153-6⟩
resume
Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy can experience respiratory alterations, notably during seizures. The mechanisms underlying long-term alterations in respiratory function remain unclear. As the brainstem 5-HT system is a prominent modulator of respiratory function, this study aimed at determining whether epilepsy is associated with alterations in both the respiratory function and brainstem serotonin (5-HT) system in rats. Epilepsy was triggered by pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats. Our results showed that 30-50% of epileptic (EPI) rats exhibited a sharp decrease in oxygen consumption (SDOC), low metabolic rate of oxygen, and slow regular ventilation (EPI/SDOC + rats). These alterations were detected only in rats with chronic epilepsy, independent of behavioral seizures, were persistent over time, and not associated with death. In these rats, 5-HT fiber density in the nucleus tractus solitarius was lower than that in the control and EPI/SDOC- rats. Both EPI/SDOC + rats and DBA/2 mice that present with audiogenic-induced seizure followed by fatal respiratory arrest-a model of sudden and expected death in epilepsy-had increased transcript levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 and 5-HT presynaptic transporter. Thus, our data support that 5-HT alterations are associated with chronic and acute epilepsy-related respiratory dysfunction.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-022-14153-6
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titre
Hydro-sedimentary dysfunctions as a key factor for the storage of contaminants in mountain rivers (Bienne River, Jura Mountains, France)
auteur
Elie Dhivert, André-Marie Dendievel, Marc Desmet, Bertrand Devillers, Cécile Grosbois
article
CATENA, 2022, 213, pp.106122. ⟨10.1016/j.catena.2022.106122⟩
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As within many European rivers in mountainous areas, the Bienne River (Jura Mountains, France) has been severely impacted by the implementation of obstacles to river flow. The aim of this study is to better understand how hydro-sedimentary dysfunctions (complex alterations of sediment transport in response to river engineering) can influence contaminants storage along the river. The sediment pollution trajectory was reconstructed based (1) on a well-dated sediment core, and (2) on several sediment samples taken at different depths on six riverbank profiles. Age control was established with a well-defined 137Cs profile and time-related grain size transitions in the sediment core, and only relatively for riverbank profiles using a plasticizer and PCB contents as chemical markers of the Anthropocene. Riverbanks and the core are composed of fine-grained legacy sediments deposited during the 20th century. They covered the former active channel mostly composed of pebbles and cobbles. Historical contaminants were the highest in the most upstream station and declined in the downstream direction to reach relatively low values in the lower river section. This historical upstream signal poorly influences the geochemical composition of sediments in the lower reaches, due its attenuation by numerous human-made obstacles to river flow and to the limited sediment transport capacity of the river. According to an unmixing model, the contribution of the upper sediments only weights a small percentage of the sedimentary mixture at the river outlet. These results highlight the sedimentary storage capacity of historical contaminants in mountain coarse-bedded river. This phenomenon has been led by a riverbed narrowing and stabilization caused by deep alterations of hydro-sedimentary processes. It finally emphasizes storage of sedimentary contaminants and leads to limited source influences. Hence, this study shows the key role of sedimentary transport, which triggers spatial and temporal variability of contaminants stored in sediments.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106122
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titre
Plant N economics and the extended phenotype: Integrating the functional traits of plants and associated soil biota into plant‐plant interactions
auteur
Marine Fernandez, Antoine Vernay, Ludovic Henneron, Larissa Adamik, Philippe P. Malagoli, Philippe Balandier
article
Journal of Ecology, 2022, 110, pp.2015-2032. ⟨10.1111/1365-2745.13934⟩
resume
The nitrogen (N) economics of plants are generally described in terms of functional traits and how these affect N availability in a given environment. However, recent studies have shown that plant symbionts play a crucial role in plant N economics. A plant together with its symbiont can be considered as a meta-organism, the holobiont. Plant-associated symbionts are shaped by the plant, thereby extending the plant's phenotype. Decomposers also play an important role in plant N economics yet are usually not included in the plant holobiont.  In this review, we show the important roles that both symbionts and decomposers play in plant N economics. We focus on how plants respond to fluctuating N availability in a complex interaction network, which includes the plant's strategies and its interactions and feedback loops with the soil biota and with neighbouring plants, through competition for N by exploitation and interference.  Synthesis: Plant N economics and the outcome of plant-plant interactions in a community cannot be fully described solely through the functional traits of plant individuals. Properties emerging from the interaction network bring new insights into plant N economics. Further research is now needed to gain a deeper understanding of plant N economics and resource economics in plant communities by integrating a broader extended plant phenotype.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1111/1365-2745.13934
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https://hal.science/hal-03694422/file/Journal%20of%20Ecology%20-%202022%20-%20Fernandez%20-%20Plant%20N%20economics%20and%20the%20extended%20phenotype%20Integrating%20the%20functional%20traits%20of.pdf BibTex
titre
A trait database and updated checklist for European subterranean spiders
auteur
Stefano Mammola, Martina Pavlek, Bernhard A Huber, Marco Isaia, Francesco Ballarin, Marco Tolve, Iva Čupić, Thomas Hesselberg, Enrico Lunghi, Samuel Mouron, Caio Graco-Roza, Pedro Cardoso
article
Scientific Data , 2022, 9 (1), pp.236. ⟨10.1038/s41597-022-01316-3⟩
resume
Abstract Species traits are an essential currency in ecology, evolution, biogeography, and conservation biology. However, trait databases are unavailable for most organisms, especially those living in difficult-to-access habitats such as caves and other subterranean ecosystems. We compiled an expert-curated trait database for subterranean spiders in Europe using both literature data (including grey literature published in many different languages) and direct morphological measurements whenever specimens were available to us. We started by updating the checklist of European subterranean spiders, now including 512 species across 20 families, of which at least 192 have been found uniquely in subterranean habitats. For each of these species, we compiled 64 traits. The trait database encompasses morphological measures, including several traits related to subterranean adaptation, and ecological traits referring to habitat preference, dispersal, and feeding strategies. By making these data freely available, we open up opportunities for exploring different research questions, from the quantification of functional dimensions of subterranean adaptation to the study of spatial patterns in functional diversity across European caves.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1038/s41597-022-01316-3
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https://hal.science/hal-04558756/file/Mammola%20et%20al.%20-%202022%20-%20A%20trait%20database%20and%20updated%20checklist%20for%20Europea.pdf BibTex
titre
Chemical effects on ecological interactions within a model-experiment loop
auteur
Dominique Lamonica, Sandrine Charles, Bernard Clément, Christelle Lopes
article
Peer Community Journal, 2022, 3, pp.e3. ⟨10.24072/pcjournal.209⟩
resume
Abstract We propose in this paper a method to assess the effects of a contaminant on a micro-ecosystem, integrating the population dynamics and the interactions between species. For that, we developed a dynamic model to describe the functioning of a microcosm exposed to a contaminant and to discriminate direct and indirect effects. Then, we get back from modelling to experimentation in order to identify which of the collected data have really been necessary and sufficient to estimate model parameters in order to propose a more efficient experimental design for further investigations. We illustrated our approach using a 2-L laboratory microcosm involving three species (the duckweed Lemna minor , the microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the daphnids Daphnia magna ) exposed to cadmium contamination. We modelled the dynamics of the three species and their interactions using a mechanistic model based on coupled ordinary differential equations. The main processes occurring in this three-species microcosm were thus formalized, including growth and settling of algae, growth of duckweeds, interspecific competition between algae and duckweeds, growth, survival and grazing of daphnids, as well as cadmium effects. We estimated model parameters by Bayesian inference, using simultaneously all the data issued from multiple laboratory experiments specifically conducted for this study. Cadmium concentrations ranged between 0 and 50 μ g.L -1 . For all parameters of our model, we obtained biologically realistic values and reasonable uncertainties. The cascade of cadmium effects, both direct and indirect, was identified. Critical effect concentrations were provided for the life history traits of each species. An example of experimental design adapted to this kind a microcosm was also proposed. This approach appears promising when studying contaminant effects on ecosystem functioning.
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DOI : 10.24072/pcjournal.209
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Plant–animal interactions in the era of environmental DNA ( eDNA )—A review
auteur
Pritam Banerjee, Kathryn A Stewart, Caterina M Antognazza, Ingrid V Bunholi, Kristy Deiner, Matthew A Barnes, Santanu Saha, Héloïse Verdier, Hideyuki Doi, Jyoti Prakash Maity, Michael W Y Chan, Chien Yen Chen
article
Environmental DNA, 2022, 4 (5), pp.987-999. ⟨10.1002/edn3.308⟩
resume
Abstract Plant–animal interactions (PAI) represent major channels of energy transfer through ecosystems, where both positive and antagonistic interactions simultaneously contribute to ecosystem functioning. Monitoring PAI therefore increases the understanding of environmental health, integrity, and functioning, and studying complex interactions through accurate, cost‐effective sampling can aid in the management of detrimental anthropogenic impacts. Environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based monitoring represents an increasingly common, nondestructive approach for biodiversity monitoring, which could help to elucidate PAI. Here, we aim to provide an overall discussion on the potential of using eDNA to study PAI. We assessed the existing literature on this subject from 2009 to 2021 using a freely accessible web search tool. The search was conducted by using keywords involving eDNA and PAI, including both species‐specific and metabarcoding approaches, recovering 43 studies. We summarized the advantages and current limitations of such approaches, and we outline research priorities to improve future eDNA‐based methods for PAI analysis. Among the 43 studies identified using eDNA to measure PAI such as pollination, herbivory, mutualistic, and parasitic relationships, they have often identified higher taxonomic diversity in several direct comparisons with DNA‐based gut/bulk sampling and conventional survey methods. Research needs include the following: better understanding of the influencing factors of eDNA detection involved in PAI (e.g., eDNA degradation, origin, and types), methodological standardization (sampling methods and primer development), and more inclusive sequence reference databases. If these research priorities are addressed, it will have a significant impact to enable PAI biodiversity monitoring with eDNA. In the future, the implementation of eDNA methods to study PAI can particularly benefit the scalability of environmental biomonitoring surveys that are imperative for ecosystem health assessments.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1002/edn3.308
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titre
On Infiltration and Infiltration Characteristic Times
auteur
Mehdi Rahmati, Borja Latorre, David Moret-Fernández, Laurent Lassabatere, Nima Talebian, Dane Miller, Renato Morbidelli, Massimo Iovino, Vincenzo Bagarello, Mohammad Reza Neyshabouri, Ying Zhao, Jan Vanderborght, Lutz Weihermüller, Rafaël Angulo-Jaramillo, Dani Or, Martinus Th. van Genuchten, Harry Vereecken
article
Water Resources Research, 2022, 58 (5), pp.215 - 296. ⟨10.1029/2021WR031600⟩
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DOI
DOI : 10.1029/2021WR031600
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titre
When less is more and more is less: the impact of sampling effort on species delineation
auteur
Pauline Guenser, Samuel Ginot, Gilles Escarguel, Nicolas Goudemand
article
Palaeontology, 2022, 65 (3), pp.e12598. ⟨10.1111/pala.12598⟩
resume
Taxonomy is the very first step of most biodi- versity studies, but how confident can we be in the taxa delineation? One may hypothesize that the more abundant the material, the more accurate the description of morpho- logical variability and hence the better the taxonomic delin- eation. Yet, as we shall see, in the case of numerous transitional forms, this hypothesis may prove wrong. Simi- larly to rarefaction curves that assess the degree of knowledge on taxonomic diversity through sampling effort, we aim to test the impact of sampling effort on species delineation by subsampling a given assemblage. To do so, we use an abun- dant and morphologically diverse conodont fossil assemblage from the Smithian of Oman. We first recognize four well established morphospecies but about 80% of the specimens are transitional forms. We quantify the diagnostic characters in a sample of 159 P1 elements using geometric morphometrics and assess, via gradually subsampling the assemblage, the number of morphometric groups (i.e. mor- phospecies) using ordination and clustering analyses. Four morphospecies were detected when less than 20% of the specimens were considered. The number of detected clusters dropped to two when including more than 30% of the speci- mens. Such influence of sampling effort on species delinea- tion highlights the complexity of taxonomic work, especially when transitional forms are more abundant than typical specimens. These results should encourage researchers to extensively illustrate, measure and quantitatively compare their material to better constrain the morphological variabil- ity and delineation of taxa.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/pala.12598
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HyPix: 1D physically based hydrological model with novel adaptive time-stepping management and smoothing dynamic criterion for controlling Newton–Raphson step
auteur
J a P Pollacco, J Fernández-Gálvez, P Ackerer, B Belfort, L Lassabatere, R Angulo-Jaramillo, C Rajanayaka, L Lilburne, S Carrick, D A Peltzer
article
Environmental Modelling and Software, 2022, 153, ⟨10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105386⟩
resume
The newly developed open-source Hydrological Pixel model, HyPix, written in the fast and flexible Julia language, efficiently solves the mixed form of the Richardson-Richards' equation (RRE). HyPix uses a cell-centred, finite-volume scheme for the spatial discretization, with an implicit Euler scheme for the temporal discretization, by using the weighted average inter-cell hydraulic conductivity. HyPix includes the following modules: (a) rainfall interception, (b) root water uptake with compensation algorithm and root growth, (c) soil evaporation, (d) ponding using a novel method for computing sorptivity, and (e) runoff. HyPix includes a wide range of top and boundary conditions (flux, pressure, free drainage). To control the Newton-Raphson iterations, HyPix incorporates a novel dynamic physical smoothing criterion, which improves not only the model performance but also its accuracy compared with using the traditional absolute convergence criterion. To control the time-step, the traditional physical time-step management based on changes in the soil water content was specifically designed to solve RRE based on soil water content. This work adapts the time-step management such that it is specifically designed to solve RRE based on soil water pressure without introducing further parameters. The novel time-step management also requires only one parameter and was found to be more efficient than the traditional time-step management. HyPix implements an option to solve the derivatives numerically, enabling the RRE to be modified and tested (e. g., the inter-cell hydraulic conductivity) by changing only a few lines of code. Numerically calculating derivatives was found to be as accurate as deriving the derivatives analytically, and only 10-25% slower. The well-established hydrological model HYDRUS was used to validate HyPix without the sink term. The HyPix results show good agreement to HYDRUS, validating the algorithms implemented in HyPix. Even for challenging conditions, HyPix can provide accurate and reliable results using the recommended standard options. Moreover, the algorithm developed in HyPix is more efficient than the one used in HYDRUS, particularly for coarse texture soils. The recommended options were also tested by running HyPix with sink term using field data.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105386
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Advancing biological invasion hypothesis testing using functional diversity indices
auteur
D Renault, Manon C.M. Hess, Julie Braschi, Ross N Cuthbert, Marta Gaia Sperandii, Manuele Bazzichetto, Olivier Chabrerie, Gabrielle Thiébaut, Elise Buisson, Frédéric Grandjean, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere, M.A. Mouchet, François Massol
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 834, pp.155102. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155102⟩
resume
Pioneering investigations on the effects of introduced populations on community structure, ecosystem functioning and services have focused on the effects of invaders on taxonomic diversity. However, taxonomic-based diversity metrics overlook the heterogeneity of species roles within and among communities. As the homogenizing effects of biological invasions on community and ecosystem processes can be subtle, they may require the use of functional diversity indices to be properly evidenced. Starting from the listing of the main used functional diversity indices, alongside with the presentation of their strengths and limitations, we further focus on studies pertaining to the effects of invasive species on native communities and recipient ecosystems obtained using functional diversity indices. By doing so, we reveal that functional diversity of the recipient community may strongly vary at the onset of the invasion process, while it stabilizes at intermediate and high levels of invasion. As functional changes occurring during the lag phase of an invasion have been poorly investigated, we show that it is still unknown if there are consistent changes in functional diversity metrics that could indicate the end of the lag phase. Thus, we highly recommend to provide information on the invasion stage under consideration when computing functional diversity metrics. For the existing literature, it is also surprising that very few studies explored the functional difference between organisms from the recipient communities and invaders of the same trophic levels, or assessed the effects of non-native organism establishment into a non-analogue versus an analogue community. By providing valuable tools for obtaining in-depth diagnostics of community structure and functioning, functional diversity indices valuable tools for on-time implementation of restoration plans and improved conservation strategies. To conclude, our work provides a first synthetic guide for their use in hypothesis testing in invasion biology
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155102
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titre
A lot of convergence, a bit of divergence: Environment and interspecific interactions shape body colour patterns in Lissotriton newts
auteur
Thomas de Solan, Marc Théry, Damien Picard, Pierre-André Crochet, Patrice David, Jean Secondi
article
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2022, 35 (4), pp.575-588. ⟨10.1111/jeb.13985⟩
resume
Coexistence with related species poses evolutionary challenges to which populations may react in diverse ways. When exposed to similar environments, sympatric populations of two species may adopt similar phenotypic trait values. However, selection may also favour trait divergence as a way to reduce competition for resources or mates. The characteristics of external body parts, such as coloration and external morphology, are involved to varying degrees in intraspecific signalling as well as in the adaptation to the environment and consequently may be diversely affected by interspecific interactions in sympatry. Here, we studied the effect of sympatry on various colour and morphological traits in males and females of two related newt species Lissotriton helveticus and L. vulgaris. Importantly, we did not only estimate how raw trait differences between species respond to sympatry, but also the marginal responses after controlling for environmental variation. We found that dorsal and caudal coloration converged in sympatry, likely reflecting their role in adaptation to local environments, especially concealment from predators. In contrast, aspects of male and female ventral coloration, which harbours sexual signals in both species, diverged in sympatry. This divergence may reduce opportunities for interspecific sexual interactions and the associated loss of energy, suggesting reproductive character displacement (RCD). Our study emphasizes the contrasting patterns of traits involved in different functions and calls for the need to consider this diversity in evolutionary studies.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/jeb.13985
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titre
Climate conditions and dietary practices during the Second Iron Age studied through the multi-isotope analysis of bones and teeth from individuals of Thézy-Glimont, Picardie, France
auteur
Thibault Clauzel, Pascale Richardin, Jannick Ricard, Yves Le Béchennec, Romain Amiot, François Fourel, Brian Phouybanhdyt, Diana Joseph, Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier, Jean-Pierre Flandrois, Christophe Lécuyer
article
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2022, 14 (4), pp.61. ⟨10.1007/s12520-022-01534-1⟩
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DOI : 10.1007/s12520-022-01534-1
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Transport Behavior of RB5 Dye in Alluvial Soil in the Northeast of Brazil
auteur
Adriana Thays Araújo Alves, Artur Paiva Coutinho, Vitor Hugo de Oliveira Barros, Laurent Lassabatère, Severino Martins dos Santos Neto, José Romualdo de Sousa Lima, Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino
article
Water, 2022, 14 (7), pp.1000. ⟨10.3390/w14071000⟩
resume
The textile industry generates a large volume of chemically diversified effluents containing, among other compounds, dyes. Untreated wastes are contaminants to surface water, soil, and groundwater. In this aspect, various studies have explored the issue of contamination of alluvial soils in the Alto Capibaribe region, northeast of Brazil, due to local textile activity. This region, inserted into the Brazilian semiarid region, suffers from water scarcity, and there is a need for rural communities to use alluvial formations for water supply. The simulation of solute transport is a fundamental tool for understanding the environmental performance and risks associated with contamination by textile dyes. Transport parameters that directly influence pollutant dynamics in sedimentary environments are characterized. This study evaluated the retention and mobility of the dye Remazol Black 5 (RB5) in two superficial layers of alluvial soil from Alto Capibaribe to obtain transport parameters. In the laboratory, tests of mobility in soil columns with RB5 dye (concentration of the 25 mg L−1) and KBr tracer (concentration of the 35.7 g L−1) solutions were conducted. The CDE and two-region models were used to model the KBr experimental transport data, and the two-site model was used to model the RB5 experimental transport data. Physical non-equilibrium was found in the soils for KBr transport, and the two-region model adequately modeled the experimental breakthrough curves (BTCs). For the transport of RB5, the results showed a chemical non-equilibrium, and the two-site model was adequate to model the experimental BTCs. The results indicate that the surface layer is most responsible for the retention of RB5, where the RB5 solution was less mobile than in the lower layer. Both layers showed low retention and high mobility for RB5, indicating that the RB5 dye in the region may contaminate groundwater.
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DOI
DOI : 10.3390/w14071000
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titre
Which acoustic parameters modify the great tit’s response to conspecific combinatorial mobbing calls?
auteur
Ambre Salis, Jean-Paul Léna, Thierry Lengagne
article
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2022, 76 (4), pp.46. ⟨10.1007/s00265-022-03157-x⟩
resume
When responding to a conspecific call, especially when mobbing a predator, receivers rely on acoustic cues produced by callers. Variation in calls, either gradual or discrete, can inform potential mobbers about the situation. Great tits use a com- binatorial call made of frequency-modulated elements (FMEs) and D notes. The gradual properties of the D notes change when facing different situations (e.g., different predators). We tested the relative effect of the number of D notes per call or the number of calls per minute on the behaviour of great tits with a playback experiment on free-ranging tits. Great tits did not change their approach behaviour depending on the treatments broadcast. However, they increased their vigilance level with an increased number of D notes in the total sequence. We propose that great tits can consider the overall amount of D notes as a form of information about the predator being mobbed. In addition, an increased number of D notes did not modify the approach behaviour but modified the vigilance behaviour, possibly indicating that great tits process the complete FME-D call as a whole mobbing unit rather than the simple sum of a vigilance call (FME) and a recruitment call (D notes). Our study sheds new light on the coding system of great tits when mobbing a predator and, more generally, how animals can combine simple syntactic rules and gradual variations when communicating.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s00265-022-03157-x
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titre
New record of the genus Ptychodus Agassiz, 1834, (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Cretaceous of Bornholm (Denmark)
auteur
Iban Goñi, Gilles Cuny
article
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 2022, 70, pp.19-25. ⟨10.37570/bgsd-2022-70-02⟩
resume
Nine shark teeth were collected at Arnager in the south-western part of the island of Bornholm (Baltic Sea, Denmark). They all come from the basal conglomerate of the Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) Arnager Limestone Formation and belong to the genus Ptychodus Agassiz, 1834. Three different species are dentified: P. altior, P. latissimus and P. mammillaris, which were hitherto unknown in Denmark.
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DOI
DOI : 10.37570/bgsd-2022-70-02
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Global Patterns and Controls of Nutrient Immobilization on Decomposing Cellulose in Riverine Ecosystems
auteur
David Costello, Scott Tiegs, Luz Boyero, Cristina Canhoto, Krista Capps, Michael Danger, Paul Frost, Mark Gessner, Natalie Griffiths, Halvor Halvorson, Kevin Kuehn, Amy Marcarelli, Todd Royer, Devan Mathie, Ricardo Albariño, Clay Arango, Jukka Aroviita, Colden Baxter, Brent Bellinger, Andreas Bruder, Francis Burdon, Marcos Callisto, Antonio Camacho, Fanny Colas, Julien Cornut, Verónica Crespo‐pérez, Wyatt Cross, Alison Derry, Michael Douglas, Arturo Elosegi, Elvira Eyto, Verónica Ferreira, Carmen Ferriol, Tadeusz Fleituch, Jennifer Follstad Shah, André Frainer, Erica Garcia, Liliana García, Pavel García, Darren Giling, R. Karina Gonzales‐pomar, Manuel Graça, Hans‐peter Grossart, François Guérold, Luiz Hepp, Scott Higgins, Takuo Hishi, Carlos Iñiguez‐armijos, Tomoya Iwata, Andrea Kirkwood, Aaron Koning, Sarian Kosten, Hjalmar Laudon, Peter Leavitt, Aurea Lemes da Silva, Shawn Leroux, Carri Leroy, Peter Lisi, Frank Masese, Peter Mcintyre, Brendan Mckie, Adriana Medeiros, Marko Miliša, Yo Miyake, Robert Mooney, Timo Muotka, Jorge Nimptsch, Riku Paavola, Isabel Pardo, Ivan Parnikoza, Christopher Patrick, Edwin Peeters, Jesus Pozo, Brian Reid, John Richardson, José Rincón, Geta Risnoveanu, Christopher Robinson, Anna Santamans, Gelas Simiyu, Agnija Skuja, Jerzy Smykla, Ryan Sponseller, Franco Teixeira‐de Mello, Sirje Vilbaste, Verónica Villanueva, Jackson Webster, Stefan Woelfl, Marguerite Xenopoulos, Adam Yates, Catherine Yule, Yixin Zhang, Jacob Zwart
article
Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2022, 36 (3), pp.e2021GB007163. ⟨10.1029/2021GB007163⟩
resume
Microbes play a critical role in plant litter decomposition and influence the fate of carbon in rivers and riparian zones. When decomposing low‐nutrient plant litter, microbes acquire nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the environment (i.e., nutrient immobilization), and this process is potentially sensitive to nutrient loading and changing climate. Nonetheless, environmental controls on immobilization arepoorly understood because rates are also influenced by plant litter chemistry, which is coupled to the same environmental factors. Here we used a standardized, low‐nutrient organic matter substrate (cotton strips) to quantify nutrient immobilization at 100 paired stream and riparian sites representing 11 biomes worldwide. Immobilization rates varied by three orders of magnitude, were greater in rivers than riparian zones, andwere strongly correlated to decomposition rates. In rivers, P immobilization rates were controlled by surface water phosphate concentrations, but N immobilization rates were not related to inorganic N. The N:P of immobilized nutrients was tightly constrained to a molar ratio of 10:1 despite wide variation in surface water N:P. Immobilization rates were temperature‐dependent in riparian zones but not related to temperature in rivers. However, in rivers nutrient supply ultimately controlled whether microbes could achieve the maximum expected decomposition rate at a given temperature. Collectively, we demonstrated that exogenous nutrient supply and immobilization are critical control points for decomposition of organic matter.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1029/2021GB007163
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Ecology and extent of freshwater browning - What we know and what should be studied next in the context of global change
auteur
Clarisse Blanchet, Céline Arzel, Aurélie Davranche, Kimmo Kahilainen, Jean Secondi, Sami Taipale, Henrik Lindberg, John Loehr, Sanni Manninen-Johansen, Janne Sundell, Mohamed Maanan, Petri Nummi
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 812, pp.152420. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152420⟩
resume
Le brunissement ou la brunification de l'eau fait référence à l'augmentation de la couleur de l'eau, souvent liée à l'augmentation de la teneur en matière organique dissoute (DOM) et en carbone (DOC) dans les eaux douces. Le brunissement a été reconnu comme un phénomène physico-chimique important altérant les lacs boréaux, mais notre compréhension de ses conséquences écologiques dans différents habitats et régions d'eau douce est limitée. Ici, nous passons en revue les conséquences du brunissement sur différents habitats d'eau douce, les réseaux trophiques et le couplage habitat aquatique-terrestre. Nous examinons les tendances mondiales du brunissement et des DOM/DOC, et l'utilisation de la télédétection comme outil pour étudier le brunissement de l'échelle locale à l'échelle mondiale. Les études se sont concentrées sur les lacs et les rivières tout en abordant rarement les effets à l'échelle du bassin versant. D'autres habitats d'eau douce tels que les petits plans d'eau temporaires ont été négligés, rendant incomplète l'étude de l'ensemble du réseau du bassin versant. Alors que les recherches antérieures ont étudié la réponse des producteurs primaires, des invertébrés aquatiques et des poissons, les effets du brunissement sur les macrophytes, les espèces envahissantes et les réseaux trophiques ont été peu étudiés. La recherche s'est concentrée sur les habitats d'eau douce sans tenir compte des flux entre les habitats aquatiques et terrestres. Nous soulignons l'importance de comprendre comment les changements dans un habitat peuvent se répercuter sur un autre. Le brunissement est un phénomène plus large que la concentration jusqu'ici sur la région boréale. Dans l'ensemble, nous proposons que les études futures améliorent la compréhension écologique du brunissement par les actions de recherche suivantes : 1) accroître nos connaissances sur les processus écologiques de brunissement dans d'autres types de zones humides que les lacs et les rivières,
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DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152420
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Flow and Wake Length Downstream of Live Submerged Vegetation Patches: How Do Different Species and Patch Configurations Create Sheltering in Stressful Habitats?
auteur
Loreta Cornacchia, Nicolas Riviere, J. John Soundar Jerome, Delphine Doppler, Félix Vallier, Sara Puijalon
article
Water Resources Research, 2022, 58 (3), pp.e2021WR030880. ⟨10.1029/2021WR030880⟩
resume
Vegetated canopies modify water conveyance and bed stabilization in aquatic ecosystems, providing shelter for other organisms. The sheltering effect downstream of a canopy is, however, rarely quantified for live vegetation, and it is unknown how this effect is influenced by vegetation patch configuration and characteristics. We measured the sheltering effect of different species and patch configurations by comparing the length of the steady wake region, defined in this study as (a) the zone where streamwise velocity is diminished to more than half of the incoming velocity (Lw1), and (b) the distance downstream of the patch where velocity begins to increase (Lw2). Then, we measured the drag experienced by a plant at different downstream locations as a measure of sheltering for plants growing in the steady wake. We found that Lw1 for channel-spanning cases was longer than for finite-width cases and extended to ≥2.5 patch lengths from the patch leading edge, while Lw2 for finite-width patches was related to the smallest dimension between canopy half-width and height. Species effects were consistent across definitions: the species with the longest wake lengths was G. densa, followed by C. platycarpa and V. spiralis, which showed similar wake lengths for finite- width cases. Drag reduction was related to downstream flow modification for finite-width patches, but not for channel-spanning ones. The results of this study indicate that patterns of hydrodynamic sheltering behind live patches can be complex and difficult to predict based only on patch dimensions, especially due to covariation between patch characteristics in real vegetation.
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DOI : 10.1029/2021WR030880
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titre
Does IGF-1 shape life-history trade-offs? Opposite associations of IGF-1 with telomere length and body size in a free-living bird
auteur
Bibiana Montoya, Zsófia Tóth, Ádám Lendvai, Antoine Stier, Francois Criscuolo, Sandrine Zahn, Pierre Bize
article
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2022, 10, pp.853674. ⟨10.3389/fevo.2022.853674⟩
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DOI
DOI : 10.3389/fevo.2022.853674
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https://hal.science/hal-03599220/file/montoya-2022.pdf BibTex
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Convergent consequences of parthenogenesis on stick insect genomes
auteur
Kamil Jaron, Darren Parker, Yoann Anselmetti, Patrick Tran Van, Jens Bast, Zoé Dumas, Emeric Figuet, Clémentine François, Keith Hayward, Victor Rossier, Paul Simion, Marc Robinson-Rechavi, Nicolas Galtier, Tanja Schwander
article
Science Advances , 2022, 8 (8), ⟨10.1126/sciadv.abg3842⟩
resume
The shift from sexual reproduction to parthenogenesis has occurred repeatedly in animals, but how the loss of sex affects genome evolution remains poorly understood. We generated reference genomes for five independently evolved parthenogenetic species in the stick insect genus Timema and their closest sexual relatives. Using these references and population genomic data, we show that parthenogenesis results in an extreme reduction of heterozygosity and often leads to genetically uniform populations. We also find evidence for less effective positive selection in parthenogenetic species, suggesting that sex is ubiquitous in natural populations because it facilitates fast rates of adaptation. Parthenogenetic species did not show increased transposable element (TE) accumulation, likely because there is little TE activity in the genus. By using replicated sexual-parthenogenetic comparisons, our study reveals how the absence of sex affects genome evolution in natural populations, providing empirical support for the negative consequences of parthenogenesis as predicted by theory.
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DOI : 10.1126/sciadv.abg3842
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High resolution mapping in Southern France reveals that distributions of supercolonial and monodomous species in the Tapinoma nigerrimum complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are related to sensitivity to urbanization
auteur
Julia Centanni, Bernard Kaufmann, Rumsaïs Blatrix, Olivier Blight, Adeline Dumet, Pierre Jay-Robert, Alan Vergnes
article
Myrmecological News, 2022, 32, pp.41-50. ⟨10.25849/myrmecol.news_032:041⟩
resume
Urbanization modifies environments worldwide creating opportunities for the establishment of invasive species, natives or non-natives, a main driver of global change. To understand the process of biological invasion, we need to decipher the interactions between urbanization and species traits. Within the Mediterranean Tapinoma nigerrimum species complex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), Tapinoma darioi Seifert & al., 2017 and Tapinoma magnum Mayr, 1861 have spread in continental European cities and exhibit “tramp”-species traits. In contrast, T. nigerrimum (Nylander, 1856) is not expanding its range and does not exhibit characteristics of tramp ant species. We investigated whether the distribution of these species differed in relation to land use. We chose Montpellier (Mediterranean France) as a study site because it combines the presence of all three species with rapid urbanization. Occurrence data were generated by systematically sampling all Tapinoma colonies over 926 sites, > 500 m away from one another, over a 60 × 25 km area. Species were identified using 15 microsatellite markers. Four land-cover classes (urbanization, agricultural, natural, water) were used for landscape analyses based on 250 m-radius buffer zones. Tapinoma nigerrimum was found at 197 sites (21.27% of occurrences), T. darioi at 78 sites (8.42%), and T. magnum at 6 sites (0.65%). The probability of occurrence of T. darioi was positively correlated with urbanization up to a threshold of 75% impervious land-cover, negatively correlated with natural land-cover, and was higher near the coast. In contrast, T. nigerrimum occurred less often at sites with impervious land-cover and near the coast, and more frequently in natural areas. These distinct distributions support an association between urbanization and species exhibiting tramp traits, and highlight the importance of adapting land management to control biological invasions
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DOI : 10.25849/myrmecol.news_032:041
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titre
Decadal biodiversity trends in rivers reveal recent community rearrangements
auteur
Juliette Tison-Rosebery, Thibault Leboucher, Virginie Archaimbault, Jérôme Belliard, David Carayon, Martial Ferréol, Mathieu Floury, Alienor Jeliazkov, Evelyne Tales, Bertrand Villeneuve, Sophia Passy
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 823, pp.153431. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153431⟩
resume
While it is recognized that biodiversity currently declines at a global scale, we still have an incomplete understanding of local biodiversity trends under global change. To address this deficiency, we examined the recent decadal trends in water quality and biodiversity (taxonomic and functional) of key river organisms (diatoms, macroinvertebrates and fish) in France. We implemented regression, RLQ and fourth-corner analyses. Our results showed that nutrient loads tended to decrease, diatom richness tended to decline and macoinvertebrate richness tended to increase. The recovery of sensitive taxa in all three groups suggested a successful outcome of water quality management in France over the past decades. Our study further revealed consistent rearrangements within river communities, with a decrease in the ratio of planktonic to benthic diatoms, and corresponding functional changes in macroinvertebrate and fish trait composition, indicative of a trophic cascade in response to changes in environmental conditions.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153431
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03572576/file/article%20STOTEN%20publi%C3%A9.pdf BibTex
titre
Climate and land‐use driven reorganisation of structure and function in river macroinvertebrate communities
auteur
Théophile Mouton, Fabien Leprieur, Mathieu Floury, Fabrice Stephenson, Piet Verburg, Jonathan Tonkin
article
Ecography, 2022, 2022 (3, e06148), ⟨10.1111/ecog.06148⟩
resume
Understanding temporal changes in the composition of species communities over spa- tial and temporal scales relevant to conservation management is crucial for prevent- ing further biodiversity declines. Here, we assessed patterns and potential drivers of taxonomic and functional temporal β diversity over 26 years (1991–2016) of 64 river macroinvertebrate communities, and the length of New Zealand (37°00’N, 46°00’S). We further examined changes in population size and range shifts of species pools, and related these to taxonomy and functional traits. We found increasing climate and land-use driven differences in both the taxonomic and functional composition of communities over time, coupled with poleward species colonisations and increasing extirpations in northern locations. Increases in population and species range size were more prevalent than decreases in population and range size. Species shifted their ranges towards higher latitudes on average by 50 km per decade. Despite little to no relation- ship with taxonomy, we uncovered distinct relationships between functional traits and population trends and latitudinal species range shifts. Species with a high number of reproductive cycles per year and long-life duration of adults tended to increase their population size, while larger size species with a high number of descendants per repro- ductive cycle tended to shift their range towards more southern latitudes. Our results suggest that the intensity of disturbances, the geographic location of individuals and communities, and species ecological and functional characteristics, are major determi- nants of riverine biodiversity reorganisation in the Anthropocene.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/ecog.06148
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titre
Does high mitochondrial efficiency carry an oxidative cost? The case of the African pygmy mouse (Mus mattheyi)
auteur
Mélanie Boël, Frédéric Veyrunes, Anne-Cécile Durieux, Damien Freyssenet, Damien Roussel, Yann Voituron
article
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2022, 264, pp.111111. ⟨10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111111⟩
resume
Skeletal muscle mitochondria of the African pygmy mouse Mus mattheyi exhibit markedly reduced oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis rates but a higher mitochondrial efficiency than what would be expected from allometric trends. In the present study, we assessed whether such reduction of mitochondrial activity in M. mattheyi can limit the oxidative stress associated with an increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. We conducted a comparative study of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, H2O2 release, and electron leak (%H2O2/O) in skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from the extremely small African pygmy mouse (M. mattheyi, ~5 g) and Mus musculus, which is a larger Mus species (~25 g). Mitochondria were energized with pyruvate, malate, and succinate, after which fluxes were measured at different steady-state rates of oxidative phosphorylation. Overall, M. mattheyi exhibited lower oxidative activity and higher electron leak than M. musculus, while the H2O2 release did not differ significantly between these two Mus species. We further found that the high coupling efficiency of skeletal muscle mitochondria from M. mattheyi was associated with high electron leak. Nevertheless, data also show that, despite the higher electron leak, the lower mitochondrial respiratory capacity of M. mattheyi limits the cost of a net increase in H2O2 release, which is lower than that expected for a mammals of this size.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111111
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Corrigendum to “Thirty-three years (1986–2019) of fossil plant cuticle studies using transmission electron microscopy: A review” [Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology Volume 271 (2019)104097]
auteur
Gaëtan Guignard
article
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2022, 297, pp.104584. ⟨10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104584⟩
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DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104584
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A derived ZW chromosome system in Amborella trichopoda, representing the sister lineage to all other extant flowering plants
auteur
Jos Käfer, Adam Bewick, Amélie Andres‐robin, Garance Lapetoule, Alex Harkess, José Caïus, Gabriel Marais, Bruno Fogliani, Gildas Gâteblé, Paula Ralph, Claude Depamphilis, Franck Picard, Charlie Scutt, James Leebens‐mack
article
New Phytologist, 2022, 233, pp.1636-1642. ⟨10.1111/nph.17662⟩
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The genetic basis and evolution of sex determination in dioecious plants is emerging as an active area of research with exciting advances in genome sequencing and analysis technologies. As the sole species within the sister lineage to all other extant flowering plants, Amborella trichopoda is an important model for understanding the evolution and development of flowers. Plants typically produce only male or female flowers, but sex determination mechanisms are unknown for the species. Sequence data derived from plants of natural origin and an F1 mapping population were used to identify sex-linked genes and the nonrecombining region. Amborella trichopoda has a ZW sex determination system. Analysis of genes in a 4 Mb nonrecombining sex-determination region reveals recent divergence of Z and W gametologs, and few Z- and W-specific genes. The sex chromosomes of A. trichopoda evolved less than 16.5 Myr ago, long after the divergence of the extant angiosperms.
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DOI : 10.1111/nph.17662
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Estimation of groundwater recharge in a shallow sandy aquifer using unsaturated zone modeling and water table fluctuation method
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Anna Gumuła-Kawęcka, Beata Jaworska-Szulc, Adam Szymkiewicz, Wioletta Gorczewska-Langner, Małgorzata Pruszkowska-Caceres, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Jirka Šimůnek
article
Journal of Hydrology, 2022, 605, ⟨10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127283⟩
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DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127283
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Blue stain fungi infecting an 84‐million‐year‐old conifer from South Africa
auteur
Christine Strullu‐derrien, Marc Philippe, Paul Kenrick, Robert Blanchette
article
New Phytologist, 2022, 233 (3), pp.1032-1037. ⟨10.1111/nph.17843⟩
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DOI : 10.1111/nph.17843
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Snapshots of pre-glacial paleoenvironmental conditions along the Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica: New palynological and biomarker evidence
auteur
Meghan Duffy, Emily Tibbett, Catherine Smith, Sophie Warny, Sarah Feakins, Gilles Escarguel, Rosemary Askin, Amy Leventer, Amelia Shevenell
article
Geobios, 2022, 70, pp.1-16. ⟨10.1016/j.geobios.2021.09.001⟩
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The Aurora Subglacial Basin (ASB) catchment contains 3–5 m of sea-level equivalent ice volume that drains to the Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica via the Totten Glacier system. Observed thinning and retreat of Totten Glacier indicate regional sensitivity to oceanographic and atmospheric warming. Paleoclimate studies of climatically sensitive catchments are required to understand the evolution of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) and its outlet glacier systems. Recent seismic and sediment studies from the Sabrina Coast document the evolution of the EAIS in the ASB catchment, suggesting that the region has long been sensitive to climatic changes. This study presents new palynological and biomarker data from Sabrina Coast continental shelf sediments. Detailed palynological records were obtained from four short jumbo piston cores (JPC; NBP14-02 JPC-30, -31, -54 and -55), enabling reconstructions of regional vegetation and environments prior to and during Cenozoic EAIS development. The Sabrina Flora is dominated by angiosperms, with Gambierina spp. often exceeding 40% of the assemblage, and diverse Proteaceae, Battenipollis spp., Forcipites spp., Nothofagidites spp., fern, and conifer palynomorphs indicative of an open shrubby ecosystem. Excellent preservation and frequent occurrence of Gambierina spp. clusters suggest that a majority of the Sabrina Flora assemblage is penecontemporaneous with sedimentation; however, some uncertainties remain whether this sedimentation occurred in the Late Cretaceous or the Paleogene. Despite that uncertainty, high abundances of Gambierina spp. and Battenipollis spp., in combination with relatively low (<10%) Nothofagidites spp. abundances indicate that the Sabrina Flora is unique in Antarctica. Evaluation of biomarkers finds evidence for penecontemporaneous and reworked compo- nents. The penecontemporaneous C30 n-alkanoic acids have d13C values of 30.2 ± 0.5‰, consistent with d13C values in an open canopy woodland or shrubby open vegetation. Their hydrogen isotope (dD) values of 215 ± 4.5‰, indicate precipitation isotopic composition (dDprecip) of 130‰, similar to coastal snow in the same region today. Together, Sabrina Flora palynomorph and plant wax data suggest a drier, more open coastal vegetation in the Aurora Basin of East Antarctica rather than the closed rainforest vegetation often described from other parts of Antarctica for the Cretaceous to Paleogene. To directly compare records from the circum-Antarctic, additional long sedimentary records with improved biostratigraphic constraints are required. Such records will enable identification of regional climate gradients or micro- climates, and allow assessment of the environmental conditions and mechanisms driving observed differences.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.geobios.2021.09.001
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https://hal.science/hal-04259511/file/Duffy%20et%20al%202022%20-%20Geobios%20%28Accepted%20MS%29.pdf BibTex
titre
Duplication and specialization of NUDX1 in Rosaceae led to geraniol production in rose petals
auteur
Corentin Conart, Nathanaelle Saclier, Fabrice Foucher, Clément Goubert, Aurélie Rius-Bony, Saretta Paramita, Sandrine Moja, Tatiana Thouroude, Christophe Douady, Pulu Sun, Baptiste Nairaud, Denis Saint-Marcoux, Muriel Bahut, Julien Jeauffre, Laurence Hibrand-Saint Oyant, Robert Schuurink, Jean-Louis Magnard, Benoît Boachon, Natalia Dudareva, Sylvie Baudino, Jean-Claude Caissard
article
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2022, 39 (2), pp.651522. ⟨10.1093/molbev/msac002⟩
resume
Abstract Nudix hydrolases are conserved enzymes ubiquitously present in all kingdoms of life. Recent research revealed that several Nudix hydrolases are involved in terpenoid metabolism in plants. In modern roses, RhNUDX1 is responsible for formation of geraniol, a major compound of rose scent. Nevertheless, this compound is produced by monoterpene synthases in many geraniol-producing plants. As a consequence, this raised the question about the origin of RhNUDX1 function and the NUDX1 gene evolution in Rosaceae, in wild roses or/and during the domestication process. Here, we showed that three distinct clades of NUDX1 emerged in the Rosoidae subfamily (Nudx1-1 to Nudx1-3 clades), and two subclades evolved in the Rosa genus (Nudx1-1a and Nudx1-1b subclades). We also showed that the Nudx1-1b subclade was more ancient than the Nudx1-1a subclade, and that the NUDX1-1a gene emerged by a trans-duplication of the more ancient NUDX1-1b gene. After the transposition, NUDX1-1a was cis-duplicated, leading to a gene dosage effect on the production of geraniol in different species. Furthermore, the NUDX1-1a appearance was accompanied by the evolution of its promoter, most likely from a Copia retrotransposon origin, leading to its petal-specific expression. Thus, our data strongly suggest that the unique function of NUDX1-1a in geraniol formation was evolved naturally in the genus Rosa before domestication.
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DOI : 10.1093/molbev/msac002
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03556817/file/2022_Conart_Mol.Biol.Evol..pdf BibTex
titre
Sex‐related differences in aging rate are associated with sex chromosome system in amphibians
auteur
Hugo Cayuela, Jean-François Lemaître Lemaître, Jean‐paul Léna, Victor Ronget, Iñigo Martínez‐solano, Erin Muths, David Pilliod, Benedikt Schmidt, Gregorio Sánchez‐montes, Jorge Gutiérrez‐rodríguez, Graham Pyke, Kurt Grossenbacher, Omar Lenzi, Jaime Bosch, Karen Beard, Lawrence Woolbright, Brad Lambert, David Green, Nathalie Jreidini, Justin Garwood, Robert Fisher, Kathleen Matthews, David Dudgeon, Anthony Lau, Jeroen Speybroeck, Rebecca Homan, Robert Jehle, Eyup Başkale, Emiliano Mori, Jan Arntzen, Pierre Joly, Rochelle Stiles, Michael Lannoo, John Maerz, Winsor Lowe, Andrés Valenzuela‐sánchez, Ditte Christiansen, Claudio Angelini, Jean‐marc Thirion, Juha Merilä, Guarino Colli, Mariana Vasconcellos, Taissa Boas, Ísis da C. Arantes, Pauline Levionnois, Beth Reinke, Cristina Vieira, Gabriel Marais, Jean‐michel Gaillard, David Miller
article
Evolution - International Journal of Organic Evolution, 2022, 76 (2), pp.346-356. ⟨10.1111/evo.14410⟩
resume
Sex-related differences in mortality are widespread in the animal kingdom. Although studies have shown that sex determination systems might drive lifespan evolution, sex chromosome influence on aging rates have not been investigated so far, likely due to an apparent lack of demographic data from clades including both XY (with heterogametic males) and ZW (heterogametic females) systems. Taking advantage of a unique collection of capture–recapture datasets in amphibians, a vertebrate group where XY and ZW systems have repeatedly evolved over the past 200 million years, we examined whether sex heterogamy can predict sex differences in aging rates and lifespans. We showed that the strength and direction of sex differences in aging rates (and not lifespan) differ between XY and ZW systems. Sex-specific variation in aging rates was moderate within each system, but aging rates tended to be consistently higher in the heterogametic sex. This led to small but detectable effects of sex chromosome system on sex differences in aging rates in our models. Although preliminary, our results suggest that exposed recessive deleterious mutations on the X/Z chromosome (the “unguarded X/Z effect”) or repeat-rich Y/W chromosome (the “toxic Y/W effect”) could accelerate aging in the heterogametic sex in some vertebrate clades.
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DOI : 10.1111/evo.14410
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Coupling time-lapse ground penetrating radar surveys and infiltration experiments to characterize two types of non-uniform flow
auteur
Simone Di Prima, Vittoria Giannini, Ludmila Ribeiro Roder, Filippo Giadrossich, Laurent Lassabatere, Ryan D Stewart, Majdi R Abou Najm, Vittorio Longo, Sergio Campus, Thierry Winiarski, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Antonio del Campo, Giorgio Capello, Marcella Biddoccu, Pier Paolo Roggero, Mario Pirastru
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 806 (Part 1), ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150410⟩
resume
Understanding linkages between heterogeneous soil structures and non-uniform flow is fundamental for interpreting infiltration processes and improving hydrological simulations. Here, we utilized ground-penetrating radar (GPR) as a non-invasive technique to investigate those linkages and to complement current traditional methods that are labor-intensive, invasive, and non-repeatable. We combined time-lapse GPR surveys with different types of infiltration experiments to create three-dimensional (3D) diagrams of the wetting dynamics. We carried out the GPR surveys and validated them with in situ observations, independent measurements and field excavations at two experimental sites. Those sites were selected to represent different mechanisms that generate non-uniform flow: (1) preferential water infiltration initiated by tree trunk and root systems; and (2) lateral subsurface flow due to soil layering. Results revealed links between different types of soil heterogeneity and non-uniform flow. The first experimental site provided evidence of root-induced preferential flow paths along coarse roots, emphasizing the important role of coarse roots in facilitating preferential water movement through the subsurface. The second experimental site showed that water infiltrated through the restrictive layer mainly following the plant root system. The presented approach offers a non-invasive, repeatable and accurate way to detect non-uniform flow.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150410
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https://hal.science/hal-03830036/file/di_prima_et_al_2022_stoten.pdf BibTex
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Unique and shared effects of local and catchment predictors over distribution of hyporheic organisms: does the valley rule the stream?
auteur
Samuel Mouron, David Eme, Arnaud Bellec, Mélanie Bertrand, Stefano Mammola, Frédéric Liébault, Christophe J Douady, Florian Malard
article
Ecography, 2022, 2022 (5), pp.e06099. ⟨10.1111/ecog.06099⟩
resume
Understanding and predicting the geographic distribution of taxa in hierarchical stream landscapes is a cornerstone of river ecology. A central issue is to tease apart the unique and shared effects of local and catchment predictors over species distributions. Here, we tested Hynes's influential hypothesis (1975, Baldi Memorial Lecture) that 'In every respect, the valley rules the stream'. We predicted that if catchment features exert a major control on in-stream local conditions, the shared effect of local and catchment predictors should largely surpass their unique effects. To test this prediction, we used logistic regression models and variation partitioning to quantify the unique and shared effects of local and catchment predictors on the distribution of two hyporheic crustacean taxa (Bogidiellidae, Amphipoda and Anthuridae, Isopoda) in streams of New Caledonia. We sampled the two taxa at 228 sites. At each site, we quantified nine local predictors related to habitat area and stability, sediment metabolism and water origin, and eight catchment predictors related to geology, area, primary productivity, land use and specific discharge. When analyzed separately, the two predictor types explained the same amount of model variation in occurrence in both taxa. When analyzed jointly, the shared effects of the two predictor types explained twice as much model variation as the unique effect of each. The overriding contribution of shared effects was notably due to controls exerted by catchment area and geology on local habitat size and sediment metabolism, respectively. For both taxa, a model with only these two catchment predictors provided occurrence distribution as reliable as models containing only local predictors or both predictor types. Our findings pave the way for predicting reliably from catchment predictors alone the geographic distribution in local occurrence of taxa in difficult-to-access habitats and landscapes, such as here the hyporheic zone of tropical streams.
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DOI : 10.1111/ecog.06099
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03616026/file/Mouron_etal_2022_Ecography_UniqueSahredEffectsLocalCatchmentPredictorsDoesTheValleyRuleTheStream.pdf BibTex
titre
New national and regional bryophyte records, 69
auteur
L. Ellis, O. Afonina, I. Czernyadjeva, A. Alegro, V. Šegota, M. Boiko, N. Zagorodniuk, M. Burghardt, M. Alataş, G. Aslan, N. Batan, S. Dragićević, H. Erata, M. Kırmacı, H. Özenoğlu, M. Evangelista, E. Valente, T. Feletti, T. Ezer, V. Fedosov, E. Fuertes, G. Oliván, R. Natcheva, G. Gospodinov, A. Hodgson, T. Kiebacher, H. Köckinger, M. von Konrat, S. Krajšek, Ž. Cimerman, J. Kučera, E. Mikulášková, F. Müller, J. Muñoz, R. Ochyra, D. Peralta, M. Philippe, R. Porley, K. Rawat, R. Paul, R. Ros, O. Werner, A. Schäfer-Verwimp, C. Sérgio, A. Shkurko, L. Söderström, A. de Souza, D. Spitale, S. Ștefănuţ, M. Tabua, G. Winter
article
Journal of Bryology, 2022, 44 (1), pp.87-102. ⟨10.1080/03736687.2022.2061242⟩
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DOI : 10.1080/03736687.2022.2061242
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Organism-scale interaction with hydraulic conditions
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Heidi Nepf, Sara Puijalon, Hervé Capra
article
Journal of Ecohydraulics, 2022, 7 (1), pp.1-3. ⟨10.1080/24705357.2022.2042919⟩
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DOI : 10.1080/24705357.2022.2042919
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titre
Different patterns of chronic hypoxia lead to hierarchical adaptive mechanisms in goldfish metabolism
auteur
Elisa Thoral, Elie Farhat, Damien Roussel, Hang Cheng, Ludovic Guillard, Matthew Pamenter, Jean-Michel Weber, Loïc Teulier
article
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2022, 225 (1), pp.jeb243194. ⟨10.1242/jeb.243194⟩
resume
ABSTRACT Some hypoxia-tolerant species, such as goldfish, experience intermittent and severe hypoxia in their natural habitat, causing them to develop multiple physiological adaptations. However, in fish, the metabolic impact of regular hypoxic exposure on swimming performance in normoxia is less well understood. Therefore, we experimentally tested whether chronic exposure to constant (30 days at 10% air saturation) or intermittent hypoxia (3 h in normoxia and 21 h in hypoxia, 5 days a week) would result in similar metabolic and swimming performance benefits after reoxygenation. Moreover, half of the normoxic and intermittent hypoxic fish were put on a 20-day normoxic training regime. After these treatments, metabolic rate (standard and maximum metabolic rates: SMR and MMR) and swimming performance [critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and cost of transport (COT)] were assessed. In addition, enzyme activities [citrate synthase (CS), cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] and mitochondrial respiration were examined in red muscle fibres. We found that acclimation to constant hypoxia resulted in (1) metabolic suppression (−45% SMR and −27% MMR), (2) increased anaerobic capacity (+117% LDH), (3) improved swimming performance (+80% Ucrit, −71% COT) and (4) no changes at the mitochondrial level. Conversely, the enhancement of swimming performance was reduced following acclimation to intermittent hypoxia (+45% Ucrit, −41% COT), with a 55% decrease in aerobic scope, despite a significant increase in oxidative metabolism (+201% COX, +49% CS). This study demonstrates that constant hypoxia leads to the greatest benefit in swimming performance and that mitochondrial metabolic adjustments only provide minor help in coping with hypoxia.
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DOI : 10.1242/jeb.243194
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Warm Acclimation Increases Mitochondrial Efficiency in Fish: A Compensatory Mechanism to Reduce the Demand for Oxygen
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Y. Voituron, D. Roussel, L. Teulier, Marie Vagner, Q. Ternon, C. Romestaing, E. Dubillot, C. Lefrancois
article
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2022, 95 (1), pp.15-21. ⟨10.1086/716904⟩
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DOI : 10.1086/716904
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Species richness and composition of Caribbean aquatic entomofauna: role of climate, island area, and distance to mainland
auteur
Chevelie Cineas, Sylvain Dolédec
article
Frontiers of Biogeography, 2022, 14.3, e54479, pp.1-18. ⟨10.21425/F5FBG54479⟩
resume
From a literature review, we constructed a database comprising >1000 freshwater insect species (especially Odonata, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera; OCTE) in 26 Geographical Caribbean Units (GCU) and quantified local filtering (climate heterogeneity, annual rainfall, annual temperature), geography (area, distance from the mainland) and emergence age as a proxy for island ontogeny. We investigated the relative role of these variables on the species richness, endemism and composition of the units using island species-area relationship (ISAR), generalised linear modelling (GLM) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). In addition, we analysed the spatial patterns of species richness and composition using Moran’s I index. ISAR generally demonstrated one or two thresholds and continuous or discontinuous responses according to OCTE groups. A small island effect could be detected for Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera richness, whereas Odonata and Coleoptera only demonstrated differences in slope between smaller and larger GCUs. Area, climate heterogeneity, maximal rainfall and distance from mainland were major drivers of species composition in GCUs, whereas local climate variables were of main importance for the endemism rate. Due to the potential complexity of the Caribbean island ontogeny, middle-stage islands had an expected higher freshwater invertebrate richness than younger ones but an unexpected lower richness compared to older islands. Finally, the degree of colonization of islands was linked to the dispersal ability of species, with Odonata and Coleoptera having larger distribution ranges than Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera, which were more restricted by their comparatively narrow ecological niches. The high endemism (>60%) found in the Caribbean freshwaters calls for more conservation effort in managing these highly threatened freshwater environments.Highlights
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DOI : 10.21425/F5FBG54479
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An unusual shark assemblage from the Ladinian–Carnian interval of South China
auteur
Jiachun Li, Zuoyu Sun, Gilles Cuny, Cheng Ji, Dayong Jiang, Min Zhou
article
Papers in Palaeontology, 2022, 8 (1), pp.e1404. ⟨10.1002/spp2.1404⟩
resume
A detailed taxonomic study of a diverse chon- drichthyan fauna from the Ladinian–Carnian (Middle–Late Triassic) interval at Nimaigu locality in Guizhou Province, South China is presented. Six taxa are described, two of which are assigned to Elasmobranchii incertae sedis (aff. Rosaodus sp., Rosaodus xingyiensis gen. et sp. nov.) and three to the Euselachii (Euselachii gen. et sp. indet., Favusodus ori- entalis gen. et sp. nov., Keichouodus nimaiguensis gen. et sp. nov.), while the last one represents a possible Holocephali (aff. Arctacanthus sp.). Their stratigraphic distribution is documented on a bed-by-bed basis. This fauna is unusual because it is dominated by sharks with a cladodont-like den- tition (which were barely known after the end-Permian mass extinction), and because it is almost devoid of durophagous euselachians, which makes it different from all other contem- poraneous shark faunas worldwide. Transitional features are documented between ‘cladodont’ teeth and those of neosela- chian sharks, which provide new insights into the replace- ment pattern of ancient sharks by modern ones.
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DOI : 10.1002/spp2.1404
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Once upon a time biomass burning in the western Alps: Nesting effects of climate and local drivers on long-term subalpine fires
auteur
Christopher Carcaillet, Benjamin Boulley, Frédérique Carcaillet
article
Forest Ecosystems, 2022, 9, pp.100024. ⟨10.1016/j.fecs.2022.100024⟩
resume
Background: The present article questions the relative importance of local- and large-scale processes on the long-term dynamics of fire in the subalpine belt in the western Alps. The study is based on soil charcoal dating and identification, several study sites in contrasting environmental conditions, and sampling of soil charcoal along the elevation gradient of each site. Based on local differences in biomass combustion, we hypothesize that local-scale or landscape-scale processes have driven the fire history, while combustion homogeneity supports the hypothesis of the importance of large-scale or macro-ecological processes, especially climate. Results: Biomass burning during the Holocene resulted from the nesting effects of climate, land use, and altitude, but was little influenced by slope exposure (north versus south), soil (dryness, pH, depth), and vegetation. The mid-Holocene (6500–2700 cal BP) was an important period for climate-driven biomass burning in the subalpine ecosystems of the western Alps, while fires over the last 2500 years appear much more episodic, prompting us to speculate that human activity has played a vital role in their occurrence. Conclusion: Our working hypothesis that the strength of local drivers should offset the effects of regional climate is not validated. The homogeneity of the fire regime between sites thus underscores that climate was the main driver during the Holocene of the western Alps. Long-term subalpine fires are controlled by climate at the millennial scale. Local conditions matter for little in determining variability at the century scale. The mid-Holocene was a chief period for climatic biomass burning in the subalpine zone, while fires during the late Holocene appear much more episodic, suggesting that social drivers has exercised key function on their control.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.fecs.2022.100024
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https://hal.science/hal-03651248/file/S2197562022000240.pdf BibTex
titre
Molinia caerulea alters forest Quercus petraea seedling growth through reduced mycorrhization
auteur
Marine Fernandez, Philippe Malagoli, Lucie Vincenot, Antoine Vernay, Thierry Ameglio, Philippe Balandier
article
AoB Plants, 2022, 15 (2), plac043. ⟨10.1093/aobpla/plac043⟩
resume
Oak regeneration is jeopardized by purple moor grass, a well-known competitive perennial grass in the temperate forests of Western Europe. Below-ground interactions regarding resource acquisition and interference have been demonstrated and have led to new questions about the negative impact of purple moor grass on ectomycorrhizal colonization. The objective was to examine the effects of moor grass on root system size and ectomycorrhization rate of oak seedlings as well as consequences on nitrogen (N) content in oak and soil. Oak seedlings and moor grass tufts were planted together or separately in pots under semi-controlled conditions (irrigated and natural light) and harvested 1 year after planting. Biomass, N content in shoot and root in oak and moor grass as well as number of lateral roots and ectomycorrhizal rate in oak were measured. Biomass in both oak shoot and root was reduced when planting with moor grass. Concurrently, oak lateral roots number and ectomycorrhization rate decreased, along with a reduction in N content in mixed-grown oak. An interference mechanism of moor grass is affecting oak seedlings performance through reduction in oak lateral roots number and its ectomycorrhization, observed in conjunction with a lower growth and N content in oak. By altering both oak roots and mycorrhizas, moor grass appears to be a species with a high allelopathic potential. More broadly, these results show the complexity of interspecific interactions that involve various ecological processes involving the soil microbial community and need to be explored in situ.
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DOI : 10.1093/aobpla/plac043
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titre
Effect of prenatal glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones on developmental plasticity of mitochondrial aerobic metabolism, growth and survival: an experimental test in wild great tits
auteur
Nina Cossin-Sevrin, Bin-Yan Hsu, Coline Marciau, Vincent Viblanc, Suvi Ruuskanen, Antoine Stier
article
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2022, 225, pp.jeb243414. ⟨10.1242/jeb.243414⟩
resume
Developmental plasticity is partly mediated by transgenerational effects, including those mediated by the maternal endocrine system. Glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones may play central roles in developmental programming through their action on metabolism and growth. However, the mechanisms by which they affect growth and development remain understudied. One hypothesis is that maternal hormones directly affect the production and availability of energy-carrying molecules (e.g. ATP) by their action on mitochondrial function. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally increased glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones in wild great tit eggs (Parus major) to investigate their impact on offspring mitochondrial aerobic metabolism (measured in blood cells), and subsequent growth and survival. We show that prenatal glucocorticoid supplementation affected offspring cellular aerobic metabolism by decreasing mitochondrial density, maximal mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, while increasing the proportion of the maximum capacity being used under endogenous conditions. Prenatal glucocorticoid supplementation only had mild effects on offspring body mass, size and condition during the rearing period, but led to a sex-specific (females only) decrease in body mass a few months after fledging. Contrary to our expectations, thyroid hormones supplementation did not affect offspring growth or mitochondrial metabolism. Recapture probabilities as juveniles or adults were not significantly affected by prenatal hormonal treatments. Our results demonstrate that prenatal glucocorticoids can affect post-natal mitochondrial density and aerobic metabolism. The weak effects on growth and apparent survival suggest that nestlings were mostly able to compensate for the transient decrease in mitochondrial aerobic metabolism induced by prenatal glucocorticoids.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1242/jeb.243414
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https://hal.science/hal-03650640/file/Viblanc_2022_CossinStier_HAL.pdf BibTex
titre
Legacy‐micropollutant contamination levels in major river basins based on findings from the Rhône Sediment Observatory
auteur
Hugo Delile, André‐marie Dendievel, Anice Yari, Matthieu Masson, Cecile Miege, Brice Mourier, Marina Coquery
article
Hydrological Processes, 2022, 36 (2), pp.e14511. ⟨10.1002/hyp.14511⟩
resume
For more than half a century, chemical contamination has progressively spread to all the large river basins. Large river outlets integrate multiple anthropogenic pressures in watersheds, making them the largest source of sediment-bound contaminants to conti- nental shelf areas. However, comparing particulate micropollutant contaminations between the large river basins is a challenging task, especially due to the scarcity of long-term river monitoring programs. Here we address this issue, with a focus on leg- acy particulate micropollutants (polychlorobiphenyls [PCBi], polycyclic aromatic hydro- carbons [PAHs] and trace metal elements [TME]) yields. For this purpose, we employed a bottom-up multiscale approach to chemical contamination in river basins that takes micropollutant yields measured in the Rhône River sub-basins (France) as a benchmark of other large river basins. Data on the Rhône River basin came from a unique 10-year-long monitoring program within the Rhône Sediment Observatory (OSR), and were compared to data gathered on 18 major worldwide river outlets. The Rhône River basin is far cleaner now than a few decades ago, likely due to environmen- tal regulations. At a wider spatial scale, our results depict an overall contamination gra- dient splitting the most heavily contaminated river basins, located in developing and industrializing low-to-middle-income countries, from the least contaminated rivers located in developed high-income countries. We argue that chemical contamination levels of large river basins depend on their stage of economic development.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1002/hyp.14511
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Late-Glacial and Early Holocene environmental changes affecting the shallow lake basin of La Narce du Béage (Ardèche, Massif Central, France)
auteur
André-Marie Dendievel, Karen Serieyssol, Benjamin Dietre, Hervé Cubizolle, Amélie Quiquerez, Jean Nicolas Haas
article
Quaternary International, 2022, 636, pp.52-68. ⟨10.1016/j.quaint.2019.09.014⟩
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DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2019.09.014
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A new obligate groundwater species of Asellus (Isopoda, Asellidae) from Iran
auteur
Mohammad Javad Malek-Hosseini, Jure Jugovic, Yaser Fatemi, Matjaž Kuntner, Rok Kostanjšek, Christophe Douady, Florian Malard
article
Subterranean Biology, 2022, 42, pp.97-124. ⟨10.3897/subtbiol.42.79447⟩
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With only 43 described stygobionts and only two isopod species the obligate groundwater fauna of Iran, a vast country with over 10% of limestone surface, is inadequately known. Here, we report the discovery of Asellus ismailsezarii sp. nov. from Zagros mountains, the first eyeless and depigmented asellid isopod from Iran. The new species is morphologically similar to Asellus monticola Birstein, 1932, but it is eyeless and fully depigmented, has a slightly curved pereopod IV and does not bear any setae on proximal margins of exopodite of pleopods IV and V. Species phylogenetic relationships using original and datamined mitochondrial DNA and nuclear rDNA, and estimation of molecular divergences with other Asellus species, suggest that A. ismailsezarii sp. nov. is sister to a larger clade that also contains the European A. aquaticus species complex. Surface populations of Asellus have colonized groundwater at multiple occasions and localities, both in Europe and Asia, giving rise to species and subspecies that have evolved troglomorphisms, such as depigmentation and loss of eyes. Of the 37 formally described species and subspecies of Asellus , 15 are from groundwater, including A. ismailsezarii sp. nov. We predict that many more obligate groundwater Asellus taxa are yet to be discovered in Asia.
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DOI
DOI : 10.3897/subtbiol.42.79447
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titre
A plea for a worldwide development of dark infrastructure for biodiversity – Practical examples and ways to go forward
auteur
Romain Sordello, Samuel Busson, Jérémie Cornuau, Philippe Deverchère, Baptiste Faure, Adrien Guetté, Franz Hölker, Christian Kerbiriou, Thierry Lengagne, Isabelle Le Viol, Travis Longcore, Pascal Moeschler, Jessica Ranzoni, Nicolas Ray, Yorick Reyjol, Yoann Roulet, Sibylle Schroer, Jean Secondi, Nicolas Valet, Sylvie Vanpeene, Sébastien Vauclair
article
Landscape and Urban Planning, 2022, 219, pp.104332. ⟨10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104332⟩
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Artificial light at night (ALAN) has been massively deployed worldwide and has become a major environmental pressure for biodiversity, especially contributing to habitat loss and landscape fragmentation. To mitigate these latter, green and blue infrastructure policies have been developed throughout the world based on the concept of ecological networks, a set of suitable interconnected habitats. However, currently, these nature conservation policies hardly consider the adverse effects of ALAN. Here, we promote the integration of darkness quality within the 'green and blue infrastructure', to implement a 'dark infrastructure'. Dark infrastructure should be identified, preserved and restored at different territorial levels to guarantee ecological continuities where the night and its rhythms are as natural as possible. For this purpose, we propose an operational 4-steps process that includes 1) Mapping of light pollution in all its forms and dimensions in relation to biodiversity, 2) Identifying the dark infrastructure starting or not from the already identified green/blue infrastructure, 3) Planning actions to preserve and restore the dark infrastructure by prioritizing lighting sobriety and not only energy saving, 4) Assessing the effectiveness of the dark infrastructure with appropriate indicators. Dark infrastructure projects have already been created (for example in France and Switzerland) and can serve as case studies for both urban and natural areas. The deployment of dark infrastructure raises many operational and methodological questions and stresses some knowledge gaps that still need to be addressed, such as the exhaustive mapping of light pollution and the characterization of sensitivity thresholds for model species.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104332
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titre
Improving trajectories of amphibians in wildlife passages
auteur
Guillaume Testud, Coline Canonne, Quentin Le Petitcorps, Damien Picard, Thierry Lengagne, Dorothée Labarraque, Claude Miaud
article
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2022, 10, ⟨10.3389/fevo.2022.958655⟩
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Linear transport infrastructure can alter the viability of populations and wildlife passages are used to mitigate their impacts. The assessment of their outcomes is often limited to recording the use of the tunnels by a focal species. For amphibians, the effectiveness of tunnels is poorly evaluated with little information about whether certain features encourage individuals that may be reluctant to pass through tunnels. One study showed that acoustic enrichment with anuran calls can increase the crossing of tunnels by newts. This study recorded the behavior of three European amphibian species in three tunnels, tracking them with PIT tags and detection with four RFID antennas installed on the floor of the tunnels. We tested (1) the effectiveness of the antennas in detecting the species, (2) the effect of the length of the tunnels, and (3) the effect of acoustic enrichment. Using a multi-state capture–recapture model, we evaluated the probability of an individual advancing between the tunnel sections. The effectiveness of the antennas varied according to species, higher for Urodela species than for Anuran species. Several types of paths were detected (constant and varying speeds, halt, and back-and-forth movements). The fire salamander and the great crested newt individuals exhibited a similar variety of movements in the tunnels (21 and 40 m length). Triturus cristatus made similar movements in the tunnels with and without acoustic enrichment. In water frogs, all the individuals ( n = 16) made a complete crossing in the tunnel with enrichment vs. 75% ( n = 71) in the tunnel without enrichment. In T. cristatus , the probability of going forward at the entrance of the tunnel was 18% higher with enrichment in one tunnel. No significant effect of acoustic enrichment was observed in two others tunnels for this species. In Pelophylax esculentus , this probability was 78% higher in the tunnel with enrichment. This multi-antenna RFID system was able to provide valuable information on the behavior of these small animals when traversing the tunnels, as well as to test the effectiveness of tunnel features. The findings indicate that acoustic enrichment to attract animals to specific locations holds promise as a new conservation tool.
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DOI
DOI : 10.3389/fevo.2022.958655
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titre
Water Dynamics in an Infiltration Trench in an Urban Centre in Brazil: Monitoring and Modelling
auteur
Paulo Henrique Lopes Bezerra, Artur Paiva Coutinho, Laurent Lassabatere, Severino Martins Dos Santos Neto, Tassia dos Anjos Tenório De Melo, Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Suzana Maria Gico Lima Montenegro
article
Water, 2022, 14 (4), pp.513. ⟨10.3390/w14040513⟩
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Infiltration trenches are compensatory techniques that consist of a reservoir filled with granular material. Their function is to store and infiltrate runoff water generated by rainfall. The objective of this work was to evaluate the hydraulic performance and model the water dynamics of an infiltration trench installed in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. For each event, the response time of the infiltration system, the percentage of the infiltrated volume and the dynamics of water storage processes were analyzed as a function of rainfall events. The Puls method was used to model the events. The monitoring data demonstrated that the infiltration trench had a positive performance, infiltrating a large part of the drained volume, even with system overflows. The analyzed events presented an average emptying time of 6 days. The infiltration trench achieved its objective of decreasing the volume drained on the surface. The application of the Puls method in simulations of the monitored events showed satisfactory results in the statistical criteria coefficient of determination, deviation ratio and coefficient of residual mass, obtaining efficient adjustments, apart from a few exceptions. This study allowed us to prove the positive contribution of the trench to the water budget.
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DOI
DOI : 10.3390/w14040513
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titre
Discrimination of conspecifics from heterospecifics in a hybrid zone: behavioural and chemical cues in ants
auteur
Marion Cordonnier, Bernard Kaufmann, Laurent Simon, Gilles Escarguel, Nathalie Mondy
article
Insect Science, 2022, 29 (1), pp.276-288. ⟨10.5281/zenodo.4587186⟩
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Species and nestmate recognition in social insects occurs mostly through cutic-ular hydrocarbons acting as chemical cues. These compounds generate a colony-specificodor profile depending on genetic and environmental factors. Species and nestmate recog-nition results in specific behavioral responses, regulating the level of aggression towardother individuals during an interaction. Although species discrimination and recognitioncues have been poorly studied in the context of interspecific hybridization, such systemsoffer an opportunity to further investigate the influence of heritable and environmental fac-tors on recognition. We explored the strength of discrimination in a hybrid zone betweentwo ant species—Tetramorium immigransandT. caespitum—by comparing cuticular hy-drocarbon profiles and measuring intra- and interspecific worker aggression in both areasof sympatry and areas of allopatry among species. Species cuticular hydrocarbon profileswere well-differentiated and interspecific aggression was high, revealing highly discrim-inating species recognition cues. Hybrids’ cuticular hydrocarbon profiles consisted of amixture of the parental bouquets, but also exhibited hybrid-specific patterns. Behavioralassays showed thatT. immigransis as aggressive toward hybrids as toward heterospecifics.Finally, aggression between heterospecific workers was lower when interacting individu-als came from areas of sympatry among species than from areas of allopatry. Taken as awhole, these findings paint a particularly complex picture of the recognition system inT.immigrans,T. caespitum, and their hybrids, and highlight that hybrid zones afford a stillunderexplored opportunity for investigating recognition mechanisms and discriminationbetween species
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DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.4587186
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Intra-skeletal variability in phosphate oxygen isotope composition reveals regional heterothermies in marine vertebrates
auteur
Nicolas Séon, Romain Amiot, Guillaume Suan, Christophe Lécuyer, François Fourel, Fabien Demaret, Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier, Sylvain Charbonnier, Peggy Vincent
article
Biogeosciences, 2022, 19 (10), pp.2671-2681. ⟨10.5194/bg-19-2671-2022⟩
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Abstract. Strategies used by marine vertebrates to regulate their body temperature can result in local variations, and the knowledge of these regional heterothermies is crucial for better understanding the thermophysiologies of extant and extinct organisms. In order to investigate regional heterothermies in vertebrates, we analysed the oxygen isotope composition of phosphatic skeletal elements (δ18Op) of two endothermic fishes (Thunnus thynnus and Xiphias gladius) and three dolphins (two Delphinus delphis delphis and one Cephalorhynchus commersonii kerguelensis). We observed a consistent link between δ18Op variations and temperature heterogeneities recorded by classical methods. Our δ18Op data indicate that: (i) bone hydroxylapatite of the axial skeleton of dolphins mineralise at a warmer temperature than that of the appendicular one, (ii) the skull is the warmest body region in X. gladius, and (iii) T. thynnus possesses high body temperature in the skull and visceral mass region. These results demonstrate the possibility of tracking regional heterothermies in extant marine vertebrates using the δ18Op, paving the way to direct assessment of thermophysiological specificities of both living and extinct vertebrates. From a palaeoenvironmental perspective, the significant observed δ18Op variability questions the use of some taxa or random skeletal elements for the reconstruction of palaeoceanographic parameters such as seawater temperature and δ18O.
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DOI
DOI : 10.5194/bg-19-2671-2022
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titre
A review of the Hirmeriellaceae (Cheirolepidiaceae) wood
auteur
Frédéric Thevenard, Oleksandra Chernomorets, Jean-David Moreau, Didier Neraudeau, Marc Philippe
article
IAWA Journal, 2022, 43 (4), pp.428-447. ⟨10.1163/22941932-bja10099⟩
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Summary The Hirmeriellaceae are an extinct family of Mesozoic conifers. Their foliage has been described in the genera Brachyphyllum , Frenelopsis , Pseudofrenelopsis , etc., while their pollen corresponds to the genus Classopollis , the male cones to e.g. Classostrobus or Tomaxellia and the female scales were named Hirmeriella and Paraucaria , for example. Reproductive structures are necessary for a definite identification of the family. Such fossils are rarely found in connection with mature secondary xylem. As a result, very little is known about the wood anatomy of the Hirmeriellaceae. This work reviews available evidences, either from connections between wood and reproductive structures typical for the Hirmeriellaceae or from associations of such fossils within Mesozoic rocks. Connection cases are rare and are reported only for the Cretaceous and for genera Frenelopsis and Pseudofrenelopsis . Association cases are more numerous; however, they are also poorly distributed in time, being reported mostly from two intervals only, the latest Triassic–earliest Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous. Wood data are also poorly distributed taxonomically with most of them being from the frenelopsids. The fossil genera Agathoxylon , Brachyoxylon , Protocupressinoxylon and Protopodocarpoxylon were used for wood fossils which are more or less safely related to the Hirmeriellaceae. However, only the first two seem to have been rightly used, the first usually for juvenile or small diameter wood, the second for more mature wood. Even if there seems to be a privileged link between Brachyoxylon and the Hirmeriellaceae, it cannot be said to be exclusive.
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DOI : 10.1163/22941932-bja10099
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What are the stakes for fodder in the management of the chlordecone crisis in the French West Indies?
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Cyril Feidt, Claire Collas, Murielle Mantran, Yohan Liber, Régis Tournebize, Stefan Jurjanz, Aurore Fourcot, Guido Rychen, Agnes Fournier, Jean-Philippe Bedell
article
Fourrages, 2022, 249, pp.9-18
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The height of the forage harvest seems to be a determining factor in the contamination of cattle by chlordecone (CLD), which is not quantified in the part of the plant above 10 cm. Simulations based on a toxicokinetic model show that in order to respect the maximum value in cattle, the content in the forage must be lower than 10 mu g. kg(-1). This value is lower than the management threshold currently used for forage, which is aligned with the MRL for plant products (20 mu g. kg(-1)). Regarding the limit of quantification in plants (1 mu g. kg(-1)), it is sufficient for the management of the whole plant but does not currently allow progress on the knowledge of the contamination of the upper parts, while the literature shows a potential transfer in grasses to the tip of the leaves. Pending further results, the recommendation is not to cut too low (by grazing or mowing).
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titre
Contrasting Early Ordovician assembly patterns highlight the complex initial stages of the Ordovician Radiation
auteur
Farid Saleh, Pauline Guenser, Corentin Gibert, Diego Balseiro, Fernanda Serra, Beatriz G. Waisfeld, Jonathan B. Antcliffe, Allison C. Daley, M. Gabriela Mángano, Luis A. Buatois, Xiaoya Ma, Daniel Vizcaïno, Bertrand Lefebvre
article
Scientific Reports, 2022, 12, ⟨10.1038/s41598-022-07822-z⟩
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The Early Ordovician is a key interval for our understanding of the evolution of life on Earth as it lays at the transition between the Cambrian Explosion and the Ordovician Radiation and because the fossil record of the late Cambrian is scarce. In this study, assembly processes of Early Ordovician trilobite and echinoderm communities from the Central Anti-Atlas (Morocco), the Montagne Noire (France), and the Cordillera Oriental (Argentina) are explored. The results show that dispersal increased diachronically in trilobite communities during the Early Ordovician. Dispersal did not increase for echinoderms. Dispersal was most probably proximally triggered by the planktic revolution, the fall in seawater temperatures, changes in oceanic circulation, with an overall control by tectonic frameworks and phylogenetic constraints. The diachronous increase in dispersal within trilobite communities in the Early Ordovician highlights the complexity of ecosystem structuring during the early stages of the Ordovician Radiation. As Early Ordovician regional dispersal was followed by well-documented continental dispersal in the Middle/Late Ordovician, it is possible to consider that alongside a global increase in taxonomic richness, the Ordovician Radiation is also characterized by a gradual increase in dispersal.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-022-07822-z
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titre
Population differences in the length and early‐life dynamics of telomeres among European pied flycatchers
auteur
Tiia Kärkkäinen, Toni Laaksonen, Malcolm Burgess, Alejandro Cantarero, Jesús Martínez‐padilla, Jaime Potti, Juan Moreno, Robert L Thomson, Vallo Tilgar, Antoine Stier
article
Molecular Ecology, 2022, 31, pp.5966-5978. ⟨10.1111/mec.16312⟩
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Telomere length and shortening rate are increasingly used as biomarkers for long-term costs in ecological and evolutionary studies because of their relationships with survival and fitness. Both early-life conditions and growth, and later-life stressors can create variation in telomere shortening rate. Studies on betweenpopulation telomere length and dynamics are scarce, despite the expectation that populations exposed to varying environmental constraints would present divergent telomere length patterns. The pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) is a passerine bird breeding across Eurasia (from Spain to western Siberia) and migrating through the Iberian Peninsula to spend the non-breeding period in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, different populations show marked differences in migration distance. We studied the large-scale variation of telomere length and early-life dynamics in the pied flycatcher by comparing six European populations across a northsouth gradient (Finland, Estonia, England, and Spain) predicting negative effect of migration distance on adult telomere length, and of nestling growth on nestling telomere dynamics. There were clear population differences in telomere length, with English birds from mid-latitudes having the longest telomeres. Telomere length did not thus show consistent latitudinal variation and was not linearly linked to differences in migration distance. Early-life telomere shortening rate tended to vary between populations. Fast growth was associated with shorter telomeres in the early life, but faster nestling growth affected telomeres more negatively in northern than southern populations. While the sources of between-population differences in telomere-related biology remain to be more intensively studied, our study illustrates the need to expand telomere studies at the between-population level.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/mec.16312
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titre
Functional and taxonomic responses of tropical moth communities to deforestation
auteur
Yenny Correa‐carmona, Rodolphe Rougerie, Pierre Arnal, Liliana Ballesteros‐mejia, Jan Beck, Sylvain Dolédec, Chris Ho, Ian J Kitching, Patrick Lavelle, Solen Le Clec'H, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Marlúcia B Martins, Jérôme Murienne, Johan Oszwald, Sujeevan Ratnasingham, Thibaud Decaëns
article
Insect conservation and diversity, 2022, 15 (2), pp.236-247. ⟨10.1111/icad.12549⟩
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Global insect decline has recently become a cause for major concern, particularly in the tropics where the vast majority of species occurs. Deforestation is suggested as being a major driver of this decline, but how anthropogenic changes in landscape structure affect tropical insect communities has rarely been addressed. We sampled Saturniidae and Sphingidae moths on 27 farms located in Brazilian Amazonia (Para state) and characterised by different deforestation histories. We used functional traits (forewing length, body mass, wing load, trophic niche breadth and resource use strategy), analysed by combining RLQ and null model analyses, to investigate the responses of their taxonomic and functional diversity to landscape change dynamics and current structure. We found that communities had a higher proportion of large and polyphagous species with low wing load in landscapes with low forest quality and relative cover and high land use turnover. This was mainly due to a significant response to deforestation by saturniids, whereas the more mobile sphingids showed no significant landscape-related pattern. We also observed an overall increase of species richness and functional dispersion in landscapes that have been deforested for a long time when compared with more recent agricultural settlements. Our results highlight the complex way in which landscape structure and historical dynamics interact to shape Neotropical moth communities and that saturniid moths respond clearly to the structure of the surrounding landscape, confirming their potential use as an indicator group for environmental monitoring programmes.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/icad.12549
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titre
The tempo of cetacean cranial evolution
auteur
Ellen J. Coombs, Ryan N. Felice, Julien Clavel, Travis Park, Rebecca Bennion, Morgan Churchill, Jonathan H. Geisler, Brian Beatty, Anjali Goswami
article
Current Biology, 2022, 32 (10), pp.2233-2247. ⟨10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.060⟩
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The evolution of cetaceans (whales and dolphins) represents one of the most extreme adaptive transitions known, from terrestrial mammals to a highly specialized aquatic radiation that includes the largest animals alive today. Many anatomical shifts in this transition involve the feeding, respiratory, and sensory structures of the cranium, which we quantified with a high-density, three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of 201 living and extinct cetacean species spanning the entirety of their ∼50-million-year evolutionary history. Our analyses demonstrate that cetacean suborders occupy distinct areas of cranial morphospace, with extinct, transitional taxa bridging the gap between archaeocetes (stem whales) and modern mysticetes (baleen whales) and odontocetes (toothed whales). This diversity was obtained through three key periods of rapid evolution: first, the initial evolution of archaeocetes in the early to mid-Eocene produced the highest evolutionary rates seen in cetaceans, concentrated in the maxilla, frontal, premaxilla, and nasal; second, the late Eocene divergence of the mysticetes and odontocetes drives a second peak in rates, with high rates and disparity sustained through the Oligocene; and third, the diversification of odontocetes, particularly sperm whales, in the Miocene (∼18-10 Mya) propels a final peak in the tempo of cetacean morphological evolution. Archaeocetes show the fastest evolutionary rates but the lowest disparity. Odontocetes exhibit the highest disparity, while mysticetes evolve at the slowest pace, particularly in the Neogene. Diet and echolocation have the strongest influence on cranial morphology, with habitat, size, dentition, and feeding method also significant factors impacting shape, disparity, and the pace of cetacean cranial evolution.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.060
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titre
Feeding strategies of circum‑Mediterranean hipparionins during the late Miocene: Exploring dietary preferences related to size through dental microwear analysis
auteur
Guillem Orlandi-Oliveras, Meike Köhler, Julien Clavel, Robert Scott, Serdar Mayda, Tanju Kaya, Gildas Merceron
article
Palaeontologia Electronica, 2022, 25 (1), pp.a13. ⟨10.26879/990⟩
resume
The adaptive radiation of hipparionins after their Old World dispersal was linked with a trend towards smaller body sizes. The appearance of the small-sized forms has usually been associated to open environments and grazing diets. A recent approach, moreover, highlights the role of life history modifications related to habitat conditions as triggers of their size shifts. Here, we test the relationship between hipparionin size and diet analyzing the dental microwear textures of different-sized hipparionins from Vallesian and Turolian circum-Mediterranean localities. Our results show that hipparionins were mainly mixed-feeders and that there was no general link between body size and diet. However, we identified broader feeding spectra in western Mediterranean smaller forms and more specialized grazing diets in larger ones, a differentiation not found in the eastern Mediterranean hipparionins. At odds with the notion of more open habitats eastward, we detected a larger browsing component in eastern hipparionin diets. The consumption by extant equids of more woody browse during the dry season leads us to propose a greater seasonality as a possible cause. Considering the arguable role of external abrasives on the microwear, another interpretation might involve the presence of more grit in the eastern opener habitats. Interestingly, we found that sympatric hipparionins tend to have similar feeding habits, which points to the fact that their diets were influenced by the local environment. Our results, then, suggest that the small size of some hipparionins resulted from different selective pressures rather than to a general adaptation to increasing habitat opening.
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DOI : 10.26879/990
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The observed link between urbanization and invasion can depend on how invasion is measured
auteur
Jérôme Gippet, Charles Rocabert, Théotime Colin, Julien Grangier, Hugo Tauru, Adeline Dumet, Nathalie Mondy, Bernard Kaufmann
article
Diversity and Distributions, 2022, 28 (6), pp.1171-1179. ⟨10.1111/ddi.13509⟩
resume
Aim: Cities are thought to promote biological invasions because invasive species are more often introduced in urban areas and because they are more successful in disturbed environments. However, the association is not as strongly supported by the literature as is generally assumed and might depend on how urbanization and invasion are measured. In this study, we test if the type of data used to assess the link between urbanization and invasion can affect a study's conclusions. Location: Europe and middle Rhône valley (~5000 km2 in south-eastern France). Method: We studied the spatial distribution of the invasive garden ant Lasius neglectus in its current introduced range in Europe and tested its association with urbanization using three measures of invasion (presence-only, presence–absence and population area) and two measures of urbanization (urban/nonurban land cover classification and proportion of impervious surfaces (buildings, road) per spatial unit). Results: Based on presence-only data across Europe, L. neglectus occurred in urban areas 10 times more often than expected from a random geographical distribution. However, when controlling for spatial bias in sampling effort with presence–absence data (1870 sampling locations in the middle Rhône valley, France), the occurrence of the species was independent of urbanization. Moreover, the surface occupied by L. neglectus populations was negatively correlated with urbanization. Main conclusions: These findings show that the type of occurrence data used to test the link between urbanization and invasion can strongly affect the conclusion of a study. This is particularly concerning because invasion studies often use presence-only data that are likely biased towards cities. Future urban invasions studies must be carefully designed to avoid this pitfall.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/ddi.13509
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titre
The Paris Biota decapod (Arthropoda) fauna and the diversity of Triassic decapods
auteur
Christopher Smith, Sylvain Charbonnier, James Jenks, Kevin Bylund, Gilles Escarguel, Nicolas Olivier, Emmanuel Fara, Arnaud Brayard
article
Journal of Paleontology, 2022, pp.1-29. ⟨10.1017/jpa.2022.34⟩
resume
We describe here the early Spathian (Early Triassic) Paris Biota decapod fauna from the western USA basin. This fauna contains two taxa of Aegeridae (Dendobranchiata), namely Anisaeger longirostrus n. sp. and Aeger sp. that are the oldest known representatives of their family, thus extending its temporal range by 5 Myr back into the Early Triassic. This fauna also includes two representatives of Glypheida (Pleocyemata) with Litogaster turnbullensis and Pemphix krumenackeri n. sp., confirming for the former and extending for the latter the temporal ranges of their respective superfamilies back to the Early Triassic. Overall, the Paris Biota decapods are some of the oldest known representatives of Decapoda, filling in an important gap in the evolutionary history of this group, especially during the Triassic that marks the early diversification of this clade. Additionally, we compile and provide overviews for all known Triassic decapods, which leads to the revision of four species of Middle and Late Triassic Aegeridae, and to a revised family assignment of a Middle Triassic Glypheida. Based on this refined dataset, we also investigate decapod diversity throughout the Triassic. We show that the apparent increase in decapod taxonomic richness is probably driven by the heterogeneity of the fossil record and/or sampling effort, and that the decapod alpha diversity is actually relatively high as soon as the Early Triassic and remains rather stable throughout the Triassic.
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DOI : 10.1017/jpa.2022.34
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titre
Palaeobiogeographical implications of the first fossil wood flora from the Jurassic of Turkey
auteur
Ünal Akkemik, Raif Kandemir, Marc Philippe, Yıldırım Güngör, Fatih Köroğlu
article
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 2022, 67 (3), pp.745-766. ⟨10.4202/app.00962.2021⟩
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We describe Jurassic fossilized woods from the Gümüşhane and Erzurum regions of Turkey that represent the eastern Sakarya Zone (eSZ) terrestrial biota. We collected 27 fossil wood fragments in total. All 27 fossil wood specimens rep- resent coniferous trees. We assigned ten specimens to Agathoxylon sp. type 1, fourteen to Agathoxylon sp. type 2, two to Protelicoxylon asiaticum and one to Xenoxylon hopeiense. Middle Jurassic woods are represented by Agathoxylon only what does not allow for any palaeobiogeographic inferences. The Late Jurassic wood flora evidences a continuity of Gondwanan eSZ terrestrial areas with the Laurasian ones. The occurrence of Xenoxylon within this Late Jurassic wood flora suggests an abundant water supply under a relatively cool/humid climate. Overall, both floras show important similarities to contemporary fossil wood flora from Iran and, to a lesser extent, to those from Georgia.
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DOI : 10.4202/app.00962.2021
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Experimental demonstration of prenatal programming of mitochondrial aerobic metabolism lasting until adulthood
auteur
Antoine Stier, Pat Monaghan, Neil B Metcalfe
article
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2022, 289, pp.20212679. ⟨10.1098/rspb.2021.2679⟩
resume
It is increasingly being postulated that among-individual variation in mitochondrial function underlies variation in individual performance (e.g. growth rate) and state of health. It has been suggested (but not adequately tested) that environmental conditions experienced before birth have been suggested to programme postnatal mitochondrial function, with persistent effects potentially lasting into adulthood. We tested this hypothesis in an avian model by experimentally manipulating prenatal conditions (incubation temperature and stability), then measuring mitochondrial aerobic metabolism in blood cells from the same individuals during the middle of the growth period and at adulthood. Mitochondrial aerobic metabolism changed markedly across life stages, and part of these age-related changes were influenced by the prenatal temperature conditions. A high incubation temperature induced a consistent and long-lasting increase in mitochondrial aerobic metabolism. Postnatal mitochondrial aerobic metabolism was positively associated with oxidative damage on DNA but not telomere length. While we detected significant within-individual consistency in mitochondrial aerobic metabolism across life-stages, the prenatal temperature regime only accounted for a relatively small proportion (<20%) of the consistent among-individual differences we observed. Our results demonstrate that prenatal conditions can program consistent and longlasting differences in mitochondrial function, which could potentially underlie amongindividual variation in performance and health state.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2021.2679
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titre
Extreme mitochondrial DNA divergence underlies genetic conflict over sex determination
auteur
Patrice David, Cyril Degletagne, Nathanaelle Saclier, Aurel Jennan, Philippe Jarne, Sandrine Plénet, Lara Konecny, Clémentine François, Laurent Guéguen, Noéline Garcia, Tristan Lefébure, Emilien Luquet
article
Current Biology, 2022, 32 (10), pp.2325-2333.e1-e6. ⟨10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.014⟩
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Cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) is a form of genetic conflict over sex determination that results from differences in modes of inheritance between genomic compartments 1-3. Indeed, maternally-transmitted (usually mitochondrial) genes, sometimes enhance their transmission by suppressing the male function in a hermaphroditic organism, to the detriment of biparentallyinherited nuclear genes. As a result, these hermaphrodites become functionally female, and may coexist with regular hermaphrodites in so-called gynodioecious populations 3. CMS has been known in plants since Darwin's times 4 , but is previously unknown in the animal kingdom 5-8. We relate the first observation of CMS in animals. It occurs in a freshwater snail population, where some individuals appear unable to sire offspring in controlled crosses and show anatomical, physiological and behavioral characters consistent with a suppression of the male function. Male-sterility is associated with a mitochondrial lineage that underwent a spectacular acceleration of DNA substitution rates, affecting the entire mitochondrial genome-this acceleration concerns both synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions and therefore results from increased mitogenome mutation rates. Consequently, mitochondrial haplotype divergence within the population is exceptionally high, matching that observed between snail taxa that diverged 475 million years ago. This result is reminiscent of similar accelerations in mitogenome evolution observed in plant clades where gynodioecy is frequent 9,10 , both being consistent with arms-race evolution of genome regions implicated in CMS 11,12. Our study shows that genomic conflicts can trigger independent evolution of similar sex determination systems in plants and animals, and dramatically accelerate molecular evolution.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.014
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titre
Transcriptome-wide deregulation of gene expression by artificial light at night in tadpoles of common toads
auteur
Morgane Touzot, Tristan Lefebure, Thierry Lengagne, Jean Secondi, Adeline Dumet, Lara Konecny-Dupre, Philippe Veber, Vincent Navratil, Claude Duchamp, Nathalie Mondy
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 818, pp.151734. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151734⟩
resume
Artificial light at night (ALAN) affects numerous physiological and behavioural mechanisms in various species by po- tentially disturbing circadian timekeeping systems and modifying melatonin levels. However, given the multiple direct and indirect effects of ALAN on organisms, large-scale transcriptomic approaches are essential to assess the global ef- fect of ALAN on biological processes. Moreover, although studies have focused mainly on variations in gene expression during the night in the presence of ALAN, it is necessary to investigate the effect of ALAN on gene expression during the day. In this study, we combined de novo transcriptome sequencing and assembly, and a controlled laboratory experi- ment to evaluate the transcriptome-wide gene expression response using high-throughput (RNA-seq) in Bufo bufo tad- poles exposed to ecologically relevant light levels. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that ALAN affected gene expression at night (3.5% and 11% of differentially expressed genes when exposed to 0.1 and 5 lx compared to con- trols, respectively), but also during the day (11.2% of differentially expressed genes when exposed to 5 lx compared to controls) with a dose-dependent effect. ALAN globally induced a downregulation of genes (during the night, 58% and 62% of the genes were downregulated when exposed to 0.1 and 5 lx compared to controls, respectively, and dur- ing the day, 61.2% of the genes were downregulated when exposed to 5 lx compared to controls). ALAN effects were detected at very low levels of illuminance (0.1 lx) and affected mainly genes related to the innate immune system and, to a lesser extend to lipid metabolism. These results provide new insights into understanding the effects of ALAN on organism. ALAN impacted the expression of genes linked to a broad range of physiological pathways at very low levels of ALAN during night-time and during daytime, potentially resulting in reduced immune capacity under environmen- tal immune challenges.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151734
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titre
Passive sampling of environmental DNA in aquatic environments using 3D‐printed hydroxyapatite samplers
auteur
Héloïse Verdier, Lara Konecny‐dupre, Christophe Marquette, Helen Reveron, Solène Tadier, Laurent Grémillard, Amélie Barthès, T. Datry, Agnès Bouchez, Tristan Lefébure
article
Molecular Ecology Resources, 2022, 22, pp.2158-2170. ⟨10.1111/1755-0998.13604⟩
resume
The study of environmental DNA released by aquatic organisms in their habitat offers a fast, non-invasive and sensitive approach to monitor their presence. Common eDNA sampling methods such as water filtration and DNA precipitation are time consuming, require difficult-to-handle equipment and partially integrate eDNA signals. To overcome these limitations, we created the first proof of concept of a passive, 3D-printed and easy-to-use eDNA sampler. We designed the samplers from hydroxyapatite (HAp samplers), a natural mineral with a high DNA adsorption capacity. The porous structure and shape of the samplers were designed to optimise DNA adsorption and facilitate their handling in the laboratory and in the field. Here we show that HAp samplers can efficiently collect genomic DNA in controlled set-ups, but can also collect animal eDNA under controlled and natural conditions with yields similar to conventional methods. However, we also observed large variations in the amount of DNA collected even under controlled conditions. A better understanding of the DNA-hydroxyapatite interactions on the surface of the samplers is now necessary to optimise the eDNA adsorption and to allow the development of a reliable, easy-to-use and reusable eDNA sampling tool.
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DOI : 10.1111/1755-0998.13604
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titre
Microhabitat selection by macroinvertebrates: generality among rivers and functional interpretation
auteur
Maxence Forcellini, Laura Plichard, Sylvain Dolédec, S. Mérigoux, J.-M. Olivier, S. Cauvy-Fraunié, Nicolas Lamouroux
article
Journal of Ecohydraulics, 2022, 7 (1), pp.1-14. ⟨10.1080/24705357.2020.1858724⟩
resume
The transferability of hydraulic microhabitat selection models among rivers has been largely debated. It can influence management decisions such as restoration measures or environmental flow definitions. We updated microhabitat selection models for 258 macroinvertebrate taxa, with 141 species, collected in 2128 Surber or Hess samples during 91 surveys (sites × dates) distributed in eleven small streams to large rivers of Germany and France. We compared microhabitat selection for four hydraulic variables, developed using mixed-effects models that account for the overdispersion of observed abundance, partly due to spatial aggregation. Models based on bed shear stress, water column velocity and Froude number showed comparable results and were stronger than models for water depth. For these velocity-related variables, 61–78% of models were significant and revealed variable response forms among taxa. The explanatory power of “average” microhabitat selection models, with response forms common to all surveys, was 78–83% of the explanatory power of more detailed models with variable response forms. Significant associations with biological traits such as locomotion, relation to substrate or food types suggested that microhabitat selection results from general biological processes. Our results indicate a high degree of transferability and can be useful in many basic and applied ecological studies.
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DOI : 10.1080/24705357.2020.1858724
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Key factors influencing metal concentrations in sediments along Western European Rivers: A long-term monitoring study (1945–2020)
auteur
André-Marie Dendievel, Cécile Grosbois, Sophie Ayrault, O. Evrard, Alexandra Coynel, Maxime Debret, Thomas Gardes, Cassandra Euzen, Laurent Schmitt, François Chabaux, Thierry Winiarski, Marcel van Der Perk, Brice Mourier
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 805, pp.149778. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149778⟩
resume
Since 1945, a large amount of heterogeneous data has been acquired to survey river sediment quality, especially concerning regulatory metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Large-scale syntheses are critical to assess the effectiveness of public regulations and the resiliency of the river systems. Accordingly, this data synthesis pro- poses a first attempt to decipher spatio-temporal trends of metal contamination along seven major continental rivers in Western Europe (France, Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands). A large dataset (>12,000 samples) from various sediment matrices (bed and flood deposits – BFD, suspended particulate matter – SPM, dated sedi- ment cores – DSC) was set up based on monitoring and scientific research from the 1950s to the 2010s. This work investigates the impact of analytical protocols (matrix sampling, fractionation, extraction), location and time fac- tors (related to geology and anthropogenic activities) on metal concentration trends. Statistical analyses high- light crossed-interactions in space and time, as well as between sediment matrices (metal concentrations in SPM ≃ DSC > BFD) and extraction procedures (also related to river lithology). Major spatio-temporal trends are found along several rivers such as (i) an increase of metal concentrations downstream of the main urban in- dustrial areas (e.g. Paris-Rouen corridor on the Seine River, Bonn-Duisburg corridor on the Rhine River), (ii) a long-term influence of former mining areas located in crystalline zones, releasing heavily contaminated sedi- ments for decades (Upper Loire River, Middle Meuse section), (iii) a decrease of metal concentrations since the 1970s (except for Cr and Ni, rather low and stable over time). The improvement of sediment quality in the most recent years in Europe reflects a decisive role of environment policies, such as more efficient wastewater treat- ments, local applications of the Water Framework Directive and urban industrial changes in the river valleys.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149778
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titre
Evolution of vocal performance and song complexity in island birds
auteur
Aloïs Robert, Thierry Lengagne, Martim Melo, Doris Gomez, Claire Doutrelant
article
Journal of Avian Biology, 2022, 2022 (1), ⟨10.1111/jav.02726⟩
resume
Oceanic islands share distinctive characteristics thought to underlie a set of parallel evolutionary trends across islands and taxonomic groups-including life-history traits, morphology and visual signals. To which extent acoustic signals also change in parallel on islands is less clear. Some important processes associated with insularity, such as founder effects and reduced sexual selection, could lead to a decrease in vocal performance and song complexity on islands. In a field-based study, we recorded 11 insular species and their closest mainland relatives. Out of the 11 species pairs, 6 live in the tropics (São Tomé/Mount Cameroon) and 5 in the temperate region (Madeira/ southern France). For each species, we measured two proxies of vocal performance (song duration and syllable rate) and one proxy of song complexity (syllable diversity). This study did not recover a clear relationship between the island environment and song traits. If as expected, syllable rate was lower in island species than in their mainland counterparts, the two other proxies showed no clear island-mainland pattern of divergence. Several factors may explain the absence of reduction for song duration and syllable diversity. Among those, relaxation of interspecific competition on islands may have led to an increase in syllable diversity, or correlations between song variables may have constrained song evolution. More studies on island species are needed to draw a better picture of divergence patterns and go beyond the confounding ecological factors that could explain peculiar song characteristics in islands.
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DOI : 10.1111/jav.02726
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