Publications HAL de la structure Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés

2023

titre
Single-celled bioturbators: benthic foraminifera mediate oxygen penetration and prokaryotic diversity in intertidal sediment
auteur
Dewi Langlet, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Noémie Deldicq, Arthur Bauville, Gwendoline Duong, Lara Konecny, Mylène Hugoni, Lionel Denis, Vincent Bouchet
article
Biogeosciences, 2023, 20 (23), pp.4875-4891. ⟨10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023⟩
resume
Abstract. Bioturbation processes influence particulate (sediment reworking) and dissolved (bioirrigation) fluxes at the sediment–water interface. Recent works showed that benthic foraminifera largely contribute to sediment reworking in intertidal mudflats, yet their role in bioirrigation processes remains unknown. In a laboratory experiment, we showed that foraminifera motion behaviour increased the oxygen penetration depth and decreased the total organic content. Their activity in the top 5 mm of the sediment also affected prokaryotic community structure. Indeed, in bioturbated sediment, bacterial richness was reduced, and sulfate-reducing taxa abundance in deeper layers was also reduced, probably inhibited by the larger oxygen penetration depth. Since foraminifera can modify both particulate and dissolved fluxes, their role as bioturbators can no longer be neglected. They are further able to mediate the prokaryotic community, suggesting that they play a major role in the benthic ecosystem functioning and may be the first described single-celled eukaryotic ecosystem engineers.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023
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https://hal.science/hal-04330951/file/bg-20-4875-2023.pdf BibTex
titre
Development of a decision-support system to select nature-based solutions for domestic wastewater treatment
auteur
Vicenç Acuña, Laura Castañares, Joana Castellar, Joaquim Comas, Katherine Cross, Darja Istenic, Fabio Masi, Robert Mcdonald, Bernhard Pucher, Josep Pueyo-Ros, Adrià Riu, Anacleto Rizzo, Massimiliano Riva, Katharina Tondera, Lluís Corominas
article
Blue-Green Systems, 2023, 5 (2), pp.235-251. ⟨10.2166/bgs.2023.005⟩
resume
Abstract Nature-based solutions are increasingly used in domestic wastewater treatment, because of their potential to remove contaminants and pathogens from water (e.g., stormwater, river water, wastewater) as well as their provided co-benefits, such as mitigation of the heat island effect or enhanced biodiversity. The transition from traditional grey technologies towards nature-based solutions in domestic wastewater treatment might yield multiple benefits for local communities while enhancing biodiversity. Although some nature-based solutions such as treatment wetlands have been used for decades in domestic wastewater treatment, this is not the case for others such as green walls or roofs, which lack implementation guidelines and design criteria. Aiming to support implementation of nature-based solutions in domestic wastewater treatment, we have developed an online decision-support system for the pre-selection of the best nature-based solution to use in each socio-environmental context and adapted to the needs, as well as an estimate of the required area. Our decision-support system's recommendations are based on an expert knowledge-driven approach, building on two complementary expert knowledge elicitation workshops. We hope the developed online decision-support system will support the transition towards integrating nature-based solutions into urban water and wastewater treatment systems.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.2166/bgs.2023.005
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titre
Potential ecological impacts of floating photovoltaics on lake biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
auteur
Regina Nobre, Stéphanie Boulêtreau, Fanny Colas, Frédéric Azémar, Loïc Tudesque, Nathalie Parthuisot, Pierre Fraviou, Julien Cucherousset
article
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2023, 188, pp.113852. ⟨10.1016/j.rser.2023.113852⟩
resume
The need to mitigate the effects of climate change is accelerating the development of novel technologies such as floating photovoltaics (FPV). Despite FPV being identified as an emerging issue of concern for biodiversity conservation, it is fast spreading globally and our understanding of their potential ecological impacts is limited. We present an overview of the current knowledge and provide an ecological perspective on FPV potential impacts on lake biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. To date, published works have highlighted reductions in light arrival, wind speed and water temperature with increased FPV cover but the subsequent cascading effects on biological and ecological processes remain unknown. We suggest that modifications in light and water temperature can alter individual regulatory processes affecting, primary production and energy transfer within lake food webs. Additionally, FPV can modify the thermal functioning and oxygenation of the water column while providing artificial habitats for organisms. These modifications can affect individual behavior and life-story but also alter the composition of plant and animal communities, trophic interactions and greenhouse gas balances. We suggest that FPV can also modify socioecological activities related to lake use (e.g., angling, leisure) and pressures at the meta-ecosystem level. Overall, we argue that FPV impacts will be highly context-dependent, varying across ranges of environmental conditions and industrial characteristics (e.g., FPV cover and location). Given the ecological and socio-economic implications of FPV, empirical quantifications based on robust designs are urgently needed and we provide here a unique guideline to help developing research programs to monitor these potential impacts.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113852
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https://hal.science/hal-04264272/file/Nobre%20et%20al.%202023_RSER_HAL.pdf BibTex
titre
Gut immune responses and evolution of the gut microbiome—a hypothesis
auteur
Mark Viney, Louise Cheynel
article
Discovery Immunology, 2023, 2 (1), ⟨10.1093/discim/kyad025⟩
resume
The gut microbiome is an assemblage of microbes that have profound effects on their hosts. The composition of the microbiome is affected by bottom-up, among-taxa interactions and by top-down, host effects, which includes the host immune response. While the high-level composition of the microbiome is generally stable over time, component strains and genotypes will constantly be evolving, with both bottom-up and top-down effects acting as selection pressures, driving microbial evolution. Secretory IgA is a major feature of the gut’s adaptive immune response, and a substantial proportion of gut bacteria are coated with IgA, though the effect of this on bacteria is unclear. Here we hypothesize that IgA binding to gut bacteria is a selection pressure that will drive the evolution of IgA-bound bacteria, so that they will have a different evolutionary trajectory than those bacteria not bound by IgA. We know very little about the microbiome of wild animals and even less about their gut immune responses, but it must be a priority to investigate this hypothesis to understand if and how host immune responses contribute to microbiome evolution.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1093/discim/kyad025
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https://hal.science/hal-04882100/file/2023_VineyCheynel_DiscImmun.pdf BibTex
titre
Impacts of a century of land‐use change on the eutrophication of large, shallow, prairie Lake Manitoba in relation to adjacent Lake Winnipeg (Manitoba, Canada)
auteur
Cale a C Gushulak, Stefano Mezzini, Katherine E Moir, Gavin L Simpson, Lynda Bunting, Björn Wissel, Daniel R Engstrom, Kathleen R Laird, Ann St. Amand, Brian F Cumming, Peter R Leavitt
article
Freshwater Biology, 2023, 69, pp.47 - 63. ⟨10.1111/fwb.14192⟩
resume

1. Evaluation of large lake response to centennial changes in land use and climate can be complicated by high spatial and hydrological complexity within their catchments, particularly in regions of low relief. Furthermore, large lakes can exhibit abrupt changes in structure and function that obscure causes of eutrophication.

2. We provide the first quantification of historical trends in lake production, cyanobacterial abundance, sediment geochemistry and diatom composition since c. 1800 in Lake Manitoba, the 29th largest lake in the world, and compared them to Lake Winnipeg, a morphologically similar, adjacent basin with a 10-fold larger catchment and an abrupt increase in production around 1990.

3. Before 1900, Lake Manitoba was mesotrophic, with low sedimentary concentrations of carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, cyanobacteria and algal pigments, as well as assemblages of low-light-adapted benthic diatoms. Analysis of pigment timeseries with hierarchical generalised additive models revealed that Lake Manitoba eutrophied during 1900-1930 as a consequence of the development of intensive agriculture within its local catchment, but thereafter exhibited stable cyanobacterial densities with limited expansion of N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria despite persistent eutrophication.

4. Lake Manitoba did not undergo an abrupt change as seen in Lake Winnipeg.

5. These findings suggest that catchment size had little influence on water quality degradation and that nutrient influx from proximal agricultural sources was sufficient to initially degrade these large prairie lakes. The abrupt change in Lake Winnipeg around 1990 required additional intensification of local land use that did not occur in the Lake Manitoba catchment.

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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1111/fwb.14192
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https://hal.science/hal-04835384/file/Freshwater%20Biology%20-%202023%20-%20Gushulak%20-%20Impacts%20of%20a%20century%20of%20land%E2%80%90use%20change%20on%20the%20eutrophication%20of%20large%20shallow%20-1.pdf BibTex
titre
Increased retention of functional mitochondria in mature sickle red blood cells is associated with increased sickling tendency, hemolysis and oxidative stress
auteur
Sofia Esperti, Elie Nader, Antoine Stier, Camille Boisson, Romain Carin, Muriel Marano, Mélanie Robert, Marie Martin, Françoise Horand, Agnes Cibiel, Céline Renoux, Robin van Bruggen, Colin Blans, Yesim Dargaud, Philippe Joly, Alexandra Gauthier, Solène Poutrel, Marc Romana, Damien Roussel, Philippe Connes
article
Haematologica, 2023, 108 (11), pp.3086-3094. ⟨10.3324/haematol.2023.282684⟩
resume
Abnormal retention of mitochondria in mature red blood cells (RBC) has been recently reported in sickle cell anemia (SCA) but their functionality and their role in the pathophysiology of SCA remain unknown. The presence of mitochondria within RBC was determined by flow cytometry in 61 SCA patients and ten healthy donors. Patients were classified according to the percentage of mature RBC with mitochondria contained in the whole RBC population: low (0-4%), moderate (>4% and <8%), or high level (>8%). RBC rheological, hematological, senescence and oxidative stress markers were compared between the three groups. RBC senescence and oxidative stress markers were also compared between mature RBC containing mitochondria and those without. The functionality of residual mitochondria in sickle RBC was measured by high-resolution respirometry assay and showed detectable mitochondrial oxygen consumption in sickle mature RBC but not in healthy RBC. Increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were observed in mature sickle RBC when incubated with Antimycin A versus without. In addition, mature RBC retaining mitochondria exhibited greater levels of reactive oxygen species compared to RBC without mitochondria, as well as greater Ca2+, lower CD47 and greater phosphatidylserine exposure. Hematocrit and RBC deformability were lower, and the propensity of RBC to sickle under deoxygenation was higher, in the SCA group with a high percentage of mitochondria retention in mature RBC. This study showed the presence of functional mitochondria in mature sickle RBC, which could favor RBC sickling and accelerate RBC senescence, leading to increased cellular fragility and hemolysis.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.3324/haematol.2023.282684
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https://hal.science/hal-04277331/file/Esperti%20et%20al%202023.pdf BibTex
titre
Lactate signaling and fuel selection in rainbow trout: mobilization of energy reserves
auteur
Giancarlo Talarico, Elisa Thoral, Elie Farhat, Loïc Teulier, Jan Mennigen, Jean-Michel Weber
article
American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2023, 325 (5), pp.R556-R567. ⟨10.1152/ajpregu.00033.2023⟩
resume
Lactate is now recognized as a regulator of fuel selection in mammals because it inhibits lipolysis by binding to the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1). The goals of this study were to quantify the effects of exogenous lactate on: 1) lipolytic rate or rate of appearance of glycerol in the circulation ( R a glycerol) and hepatic glucose production ( R a glucose), and 2) key tissue proteins involved in lactate signaling, glucose transport, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and β-oxidation in rainbow trout. Measurements of fuel mobilization kinetics show that lactate does not affect lipolysis as it does in mammals ( R a glycerol remains at 7.3 ± 0.5 µmol·kg −1 ·min −1 ), but strongly reduces hepatic glucose production (16.4 ± 2.0 to 8.9 ± 1.2 µmol·kg −1 ·min −1 ). This reduction is likely induced by decreasing gluconeogenic flux through the inhibition of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1, alternatively called Pepck1; 60% and 24% declines in gene expression and protein level, respectively). It is also caused by lactate substituting for glucose as a fuel in all tissues except white muscle that increases glut4a expression and has limited capacity for monocarboxylate transporter (Mct)-mediated lactate import. We conclude that lipolysis is not affected by hyperlactatemia because trout show no activation of autocrine Hcar1 signaling (gene expression of the receptor is unchanged or even repressed in red muscle). Lactate regulates fuel mobilization via Pck1-mediated suppression of gluconeogenesis and by replacing glucose as a fuel. This study highlights important functional differences in the Hcar1 signaling system between fish and mammals for the regulation of fuel selection.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1152/ajpregu.00033.2023
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https://hal.science/hal-04250094/file/Talarico%20et%20al.%20%28version%20auteur%29.pdf BibTex
titre
Cadmium and copper transport in alluvial soils in the Brazilian semiarid region: column percolation and modeling
auteur
Vitor Hugo de Oliveira Barros, Adriana Thays Araújo Alves, Severino Martins Dos Santos, Artur Paiva Coutinho, Laurent Lassabatere, Manuella Virgínia Salgueiro Gondim, Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino
article
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2023, 47, pp.e0220153. ⟨10.36783/18069657rbcs20220153⟩
resume
Regarding the Brazilian textile industry, part of the northeast region stands out as the second-largest textile manufacturing hub in the country. Despite its importance, this industrial activity has been bringing relevant environmental concerns regarding the disposal of textile effluents, especially from industrial laundries. This waste contains many chemicals and among them are various types of heavy metals. To assess environmental risks associated with heavy metals, pollutant transfer needs to be investigated. This study evaluated the retention and mobility of heavy metals Cd and Cu in alluvial soil, through soil column tests. The up-flow column percolation tests were performed using a nonreactive tracer (KBr) at a concentration of 0.3 mol L -1 and injecting a metallic solution containing Cu and Cd at 100 and 60 mg L -1 , respectively. The injection flow rate was 0.75 mL min -1 . The hydro-dispersive parameters were obtained by modeling the observed breakthrough curves with the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) and the two-region model, also referred to as the MIM (Mobile-IMmobile waters) model. The transport parameters were obtained from the two-site model (TSS). All elution curves were fitted to the models with the CXTFIT 2.0 program. The Two-Site Sorption Model was the best for the case studied, with R 2 of 0.985 and 0.995 for Cu and Cd, respectively. The values of R were considerably higher than the unit, presenting an average of 2.138 for Cu and 1.907 for Cd. This indicates a delay of these contaminants when leaving the column, which is caused by the interaction of these chemical compounds with the soil. The values obtained for parameter D were 3.469 for Cu and 5.205 for Cd. Thus, the metals in this study present a risk of groundwater contamination for the local alluvial aquifers. The main reason for that is the physicochemical features of the soil, such as high sand content (85 %) and low OM content (2.1 %). The results also indicated greater retention and less mobility for Cu than for Cd, pointing to a greater risk for Cd.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.36783/18069657rbcs20220153
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https://hal.science/hal-04864831/file/Oliviera_Barros_2023.pdf BibTex
titre
Unsuspected prevalence of Pinus cembra in the high-elevation sky islands of the western Alps
auteur
Gilles André, Sébastien Lavergne, Christopher Carcaillet
article
Plant Ecology, 2023, 224 (10), pp.865-873. ⟨10.1007/s11258-023-01341-1⟩
resume
A survey of Pinus cembra (Arolla pine) growing above 2800 m elevation was conducted in an ecoregion of the western Alps, where the highest treeline is at ~2650 m. The concepts of treeline and species line are discussed based on these field observations. The species line is the biological limit of a species, with inherited nested historical and current processes of high-mountain socio-ecosystems, while the treeline strictly concerns the limit of erect trees. Arolla pines were located and described (height, physiognomy), and their habitats recorded (elevation, slope, aspect). Individuals occurred up to 3200 m on east-facing steep and rocky slopes, with density decreasing exponentially with increasing elevation (halving every 40 m). East-facing habitats benefit from the main atmospheric moisture coming from the east (Italy). Individuals were mostly dwarf-shaped/prostrate (58%), or trees (39%; max height 3.8 m). They usually do not bear female cones, and needles are smaller by half compared to those of pines growing in lower elevation forests. Their morphology indicates harsh growing conditions due to elevation (aridity, frost) and disturbances (wind, snow, rockfall). Habitat preference primarily on grass-free steep rocky slopes and cliffs at high elevation is likely explained by the exclusion of livestock impacts (grazing, trampling). These pines constitute noteworthy "sky island" populations. Larix decidua and Pinus uncinata were also recorded above the treeline, but with lower maximum elevation and density than Pinus cembra. These observations highlight a complex pattern of species treeline in the western Alps, and probably beyond, with relevance to issues in conservation science.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s11258-023-01341-1
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https://hal.science/hal-04255526/file/Andre_etal_PlantEcol_preprint.pdf BibTex
titre
Assessing the chronic toxicity of spreading organic amendments on agricultural soil: Tests on earthworms and plants
auteur
Olivier Roques, Rémy Bayard, Julia Le Maux, Dominique Patureau, Sylvie Nélieu, Isabelle Lamy, Jean-Philippe Bedell
article
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2023, 265, pp.115504. ⟨10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115504⟩
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Recycling organic wastes on agricultural soils improves the soil quality, but the environmental and health impact of these organic amendments closely depends on their origins, their bio-physicochemical characteristics and the considered organisms potentially affected. The aim of this study was to assess the potential chronic ecotoxicity of spreading organic amendments on agricultural soils. To do this, we characterized three different organic amendments: sewage sludge from an urban wastewater treatment plant, cow manure and liquid dairy manure. Their chronic ecotoxicity was studied through assays exposing earthworms of the species Eisenia fetida and two plants: Medicago sativa and Sinapis alba. Of the three amendments, the sewage sludge presented the highest concentrations of micropollutants and a considerable fraction of available and biodegradable organic matter. The cow manure and liquid dairy manure had lower chemical contamination and similar characteristics with lower biodegradable fractions of their organic matter. No chronic phytotoxicity was evidenced: on the contrary, particularly with sewage sludge, the germination rate and aerial and root biomass of the two plants increased. Considering earthworms, their biomass increased considerably during the reproduction assays in soil amended with sewage sludge, which contained the more bioavailable organic matter. Nonetheless, the earthworms presented an inhibition close to 78% of the production of juveniles when exposed to sewage sludge exceeding 20 g. kg-1 DW (that means 2 times the agronomic dose). This reprotoxic effect was also observed in the presence of liquid dairy manure, but not with cow manure. At the end of the assays, the glycogen and protein reserves in earthworms exposed to sewage sludge were inferior to that of control earthworms, respectively around 50% and 30%. For the earthworms exposed to liquid dairy manure, protein and lipid reserves increased. In the case of liquid dairy manure, this reprotoxic effect did not appear to be linked to the presence of micropollutants. In conclusion, our results confirm the need to use several ecotoxicity assays at different biological levels and with different biological models to assess the ecotoxic impacts of soil amendments. Indeed, although certain organic wastes present a strong nutritional potential for both plants and earthworms, a not inconsiderable risk was apparent for the reproduction of the latter. An integrated ecotoxicity criterion that takes into account a weighted sum of the different results would guide the utilization of organic amendments while ensuring the good health of agricultural ecosystems.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115504
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https://hal.science/hal-04214764/file/Roques%20et%20al%20EES%202023.pdf BibTex
titre
Effect of physiological hyperthermia on mitochondrial fuel selection in skeletal muscle of birds and mammals
auteur
Jessica Barbe, Damien Roussel, Yann Voituron
article
Journal of Thermal Biology, 2023, 117, pp.103719. ⟨10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103719⟩
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Both birds and mammals have important thermogenic capacities allowing them to maintain high body tem- peratures, i.e., 37 ◦C and 40 ◦C on average in mammals and birds, respectively. However, during periods of high locomotor activity, the energy released during muscular contraction can lead to muscle temperature reaching up to 43–44 ◦C. Mitochondria are responsible for producing the majority of ATP through cellular respiration and metabolizing different substrates, including carbohydrates and lipids, to generate ATP. A limited number of studies comparing avian and mammalian species showed preferential utilization of specific substrates for mitochondrial energy at different metabolic intensities, but authors always measured at body temperature. The present study evaluated mitochondrial respiration rates and OXPHOS coupling efficiencies at 37 ◦C, 40 ◦C and 43 ◦C associated with pyruvate/malate (carbohydrate metabolism) or palmitoyl-carnitine/malate (lipid meta- bolism) as substrates in pigeons (Columba livia) and rats (Rattus norvegicus), a well-known pair in scientific literature and for their similar body mass. The data show different hyperthermia-induced responses between the two species with (i) skeletal muscle mitochondria from rats being more sensitive to rising temperatures than in pigeons, and (ii) the two species having different substrate preferences during hyperthermia, with rats oxidizing preferentially carbohydrates and pigeons lipids. By analyzing the interplay between temperature and substrate utilization, we describe a means by which endotherms deal with extreme muscular temperatures to provide enough ATP to support energy demands.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103719
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https://hal.science/hal-04245378/file/Barbe%20et%20al.%202023.Manuscript.pdf BibTex
titre
Flow and plankton availability control young-of-the-year fish diet in two floodplain nurseries
auteur
Pierre Marle, Laurent Simon, Amandine Rigal, Chloé Guicharnaud, Paul Gauthier, Noéline Garcia, Emmanuel Castella, Hélène Mayor, Vera Slaveykova, Jean-Michel Olivier
article
Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 2023, 32 (4), ⟨10.1111/eff.12724⟩
resume
In large river floodplains, the availability of trophic resources to the fish fauna is highly variable as a consequence of seasonal environmental change and habitat diversity. Young-of-the-year fishes (YOY) must find suitable habitats to settle, feed and survive. However, very few in-depth studies are available about the food preferences of the young fishes during their first growing season. Here, we investigated the composition of planktonic assemblages and the YOY diet of three generalist fish species Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758), Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) from four floodplain sites of the French Upper Rhône River. More specifically, we studied their temporal and spatial variations in relation to five environmental variables: hydrology, dissolved oxygen, primary production, water temperature and conductivity. Stable flow conditions and the associated temperature and conductivity strongly structured the phytoplankton community in the floodplain channels, whereas water movements within channels and dissolved oxygen concen- trations were significantly correlated to the zooplankton composition. A zooplankton density above ≈100 ind L−1 allowed the initiation of a YOY diet mainly based upon zooplankton for the three fish species. When zooplankton densities were insufficient, all three species used phytoplankton as their main food resource. Finally, the diet overlaps between species, differed significantly between sites. The study highlights the need to examine the diet of juvenile fishes and environmental variables in the floodplains.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1111/eff.12724
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https://hal.science/hal-04096253/file/Marle%20et%20al%202023.pdf BibTex
titre
Sex-specific foraging response to interspecific interactions in carabid beetles
auteur
Alice Charalabidis, Stéphane A.P. Derocles, Diana Mosquera-Muñoz, Sandrine Petit, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, David Bohan
article
Biological Control, 2023, 185, pp.art. 105302. ⟨10.1016/j.biocontrol.2023.105302⟩
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Carabids beetles are considered important biocontrol agents of weeds, but predicting levels of weed seed consumption and regulation is difficult. Olfactory cues from predators or potential competitors alter the selection and consumption of particular food resources by foraging individuals. Whether this leads to changes in consumption levels or simply to changes in the rate at which consumption takes place over time is not yet known. Identifying and understanding the factors that drive the seed foraging behaviour of carabid beetles, in the context of interspecific interaction, is essential for predicting consumption levels in different carabid communities and hence improve the ecosystem service of weed regulation by carabid beetles.We tested the response of 119 Harpalus affinis individuals foraging for Viola arvensis or Taraxacum officinale seeds, to encounters with individuals of another carabid species, Pterostichus melanarius. Their foraging behaviour (i.e. total consumption, latency to first seed acceptance and position in the arena) was recorded for 72 h and the consumption rates were reported in detail for the first 7 h of the experiment for all treatments.Even though the total number of seeds consumed after 24 h did not differ, the dynamic of seed consumption by H. affinis changed significantly in the presence of P. melanarius. The attraction of individuals to the seeds diminished over time, indicating a probable state of satiety being reached. This suggests that looking at the total number of seeds consumed after a long period of time may be misleading and that a greater focus on of the temporal dynamics of consumption is needed if we are to understand carabids interest in specific weed species in a specific foraging context. We found that only females seemed to react to the presence of P. melanarius individuals, indicating that the perception of the level of risk may be sex-specific in carabid beetles.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2023.105302
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04163055/file/Charalabidis%20et%20al.%20%28preprint%29.pdf BibTex
titre
Diversity and evolution of cerebellar folding in mammals
auteur
Katja Heuer, Nicolas Traut, Alexandra A de Sousa, Sofie Valk, Julien Clavel, Roberto Toro
article
eLife, 2023, 12, pp.e85907. ⟨10.7554/eLife.85907⟩
resume
The process of brain folding is thought to play an important role in the development and organisation of the cerebrum and the cerebellum. The study of cerebellar folding is challenging due to the small size and abundance of its folia. In consequence, little is known about its anatomical diversity and evolution. We constituted an open collection of histological data from 56 mammalian species and manually segmented the cerebrum and the cerebellum. We developed methods to measure the geometry of cerebellar folia and to estimate the thickness of the molecular layer. We used phylogenetic comparative methods to study the diversity and evolution of cerebellar folding and its relationship with the anatomy of the cerebrum. Our results show that the evolution of cerebellar and cerebral anatomy follows a stabilising selection process. We observed two groups of phenotypes changing concertedly through evolution: a group of ‘diverse’ phenotypes – varying over several orders of magnitude together with body size, and a group of ‘stable’ phenotypes varying over less than 1 order of magnitude across species. Our analyses confirmed the strong correlation between cerebral and cerebellar volumes across species, and showed in addition that large cerebella are disproportionately more folded than smaller ones. Compared with the extreme variations in cerebellar surface area, folial anatomy and molecular layer thickness varied only slightly, showing a much smaller increase in the larger cerebella. We discuss how these findings could provide new insights into the diversity and evolution of cerebellar folding, the mechanisms of cerebellar and cerebral folding, and their potential influence on the organisation of the brain across species.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.7554/eLife.85907
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https://hal.science/hal-03933674/file/Heuer_et_al_2023.pdf BibTex
titre
Ecological restoration in question: revitalizing the Rhône River with Souriau
auteur
Yves-François Le Lay, Fanny Reymond, Emeline Comby, Marylise Cottet, Clotilde Lebreton, Jean-Michel Olivier, Jérémie Riquier
article
VertigO : La revue électronique en sciences de l'environnement, 2023, 23 (2), ⟨10.4000/vertigo.41439⟩
resume
Although the development of the Rhône River was intended to protect against flooding, to produce hydroelectricity, to facilitate navigation and to irrigate crops, it also had negative hydrological, geomorphological, and ecological consequences. To mitigate these, a ten-year program of hydraulic and ecological restoration of the river was launched in 1998. This article aims to critically evaluate the idea of ecological restoration through the philosophical approach proposed by Souriau. After presenting the salient points of his reflections, we develop the case of the island of La Platière, at the limit of three French departments (Ardèche, Isère, and Loire), by detailing the results of a survey that focused on the way this space is inhabited and on the works envisaged to revitalize the functioning of the Rhône River. While the people interviewed recognize the hybridity of the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, their comments reveal not only that they remain attached to them but also that the situation could be improved. Thus, the inhabitants could actively contribute to efforts to give the river more autonomy. Souriau's work provides a solid theoretical framework for recent developments in the revitalization of the Rhône River, which are more the results of the trial and error inherent in real-life experimentation than with the scrupulous respect for all the steps imposed by a restoration project blind to the particularities of local and concrete situations.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.4000/vertigo.41439
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https://hal.science/hal-04361726/file/LeLay_et_al_2023.pdf BibTex
titre
Eco‐evolution from deep time to contemporary dynamics: the role of timescales and rate modulators
auteur
Emanuel Fronhofer, Dov Corenblit, Jhelam Deshpande, Lynn Govaert, Philippe Huneman, Frédérique Viard, Philippe Jarne, Sara Puijalon
article
Ecology Letters, 2023, 26 (S1), pp.S91-S108. ⟨10.1111/ele.14222⟩
resume
Eco‐evolutionary dynamics, or eco‐evolution for short, are often thought to involve rapid demography (ecology) and equally rapid heritable phenotypic changes (evolution) leading to novel, emergent system behaviours. We argue that this focus on contemporary dynamics is too narrow: Eco‐evolution should be extended, first, beyond pure demography to include all environmental dimensions and, second, to include slow eco‐evolution which unfolds over thousands or millions of years. This extension allows us to conceptualise biological systems as occupying a two‐dimensional time space along axes that capture the speed of ecology and evolution. Using Hutchinson's analogy: Time is the ‘theatre’ in which ecology and evolution are two interacting ‘players’. Eco‐evolutionary systems are therefore dynamic: We identify modulators of ecological and evolutionary rates, like temperature or sensitivity to mutation, which can change the speed of ecology and evolution, and hence impact eco‐evolution. Environmental change may synchronise the speed of ecology and evolution via these rate modulators, increasing the occurrence of eco‐evolution and emergent system behaviours. This represents substantial challenges for prediction, especially in the context of global change. Our perspective attempts to integrate ecology and evolution across disciplines, from gene‐regulatory networks to geomorphology and across timescales, from today to deep time.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1111/ele.14222
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titre
Artificial light at night decreases the pupillary light response of dark‐adapted toads to bright light
auteur
Jean Secondi, Madeleine F Scriba, Nathalie Mondy, Thierry Lengagne
article
Integrative Zoology, 2023, 18 (5), pp.867-875. ⟨10.1111/1749-4877.12693⟩
resume
Abstract Artificial light at night (ALAN) is expanding worldwide. Many physiological effects have been reported in animals, but we still know little about the consequences for the visual system. The pupil contributes to control incoming light onto the retina. Sudden increases in light intensity evokes the pupil light reflex (PLR). Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) affect PLR and melatonin expression, which largely regulate circadian rhythms and PLR itself. IpRCG receive inputs from various photoreptors with different peak sensitivities implying that PLR could be altered by a broad range of light sources. We predicted ALAN to enhance PLR. Contrary to our prediction, dark‐adapted cane toads Rhinella marina , exposed to ALAN (5 lx) for 12 days, exhibited a lower PLR than controls and individuals exposed to 0.04 lx, even after 1 h in bright light. We cannot conclude whether ALAN induced a larger pupil size in dark‐adapted toads or a slower initial contraction. Nevertheless, the response was triggered by a light source with an emission peak (590 nm) well above the sensitivity peak of melanopsin, the main photoreceptor involved in PLR. Therefore, ALAN alters the capacity of toads to regulate the incoming light in the eye at night, which may reduce the performance of visually guided behaviors, and increase mortality by predators or road kills at night. This first study emphasizes the need to focus on the effect of ALAN on the vision of nocturnal organisms to better understand how this sensory system is altered and anticipate the consequences for organisms.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1111/1749-4877.12693
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https://hal.science/hal-04256082/file/Secondi%20et%20al%202023%20-%20Artificial%20light%20at%20night%20decreases%20the%20pupillary%20light%20response%20of%20dark%E2%80%90adapted.pdf BibTex
titre
Succinate oxidation rescues mitochondrial ATP synthesis at high temperature in Drosophila melanogaster
auteur
Damien Roussel, Sonia Janillon, Loïc Teulier, Nicolas Pichaud
article
FEBS Letters, 2023, 597 (17), pp.2221-2229. ⟨10.1002/1873-3468.14701⟩
resume
Decreased NADH‐induced and increased reduced FADH 2 ‐induced respiration rates at high temperatures are associated with thermal tolerance in Drosophila . Here, we determined whether this change was associated with adjustments of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production rate and coupling efficiency (ATP/O) in Drosophila melanogaster . We show that decreased pyruvate + malate oxidation at 35°C is associated with a collapse of ATP synthesis and a drop in ATP/O ratio. However, adding succinate triggered a full compensation of both oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis rates at this high temperature. Addition of glycerol‐3‐phosphate (G3P) led to a huge increase in respiration with no further advantage in terms of ATP production. We conclude that succinate is the only alternative substrate able to compensate both oxygen consumption and ATP production rates during oxidative phosphorylation at high temperature, which has important implications for thermal adaptation.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1002/1873-3468.14701
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https://hal.science/hal-04209706/file/FEBS%20Letters%20-%202023%20-%20Roussel%20-%20Succinate%20oxidation%20rescues%20mitochondrial%20ATP%20synthesis%20at%20high%20temperature%20in%20Drosophila.pdf BibTex
titre
Multi-isotopic analysis reveals the early stem turtle Odontochelys as a nearshore herbivorous forager
auteur
Jean Goedert, Romain Amiot, Jérémy Anquetin, Nicolas Séon, Renaud Bourgeais, Gilles Bailly, François Fourel, Laurent Simon, Chun Li, Wei Wang, Christophe Lécuyer
article
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2023, 11, ⟨10.3389/fevo.2023.1175128⟩
resume
After decades of debate on the origin of turtles, it is now widely accepted that they are diapsid reptiles originating in the Permian from a terrestrial ancestor. It seems that the initial development of the structures that will later form the unique turtle bony shell took place as a response to a fossorial lifestyle. However, the earliest stem turtle with a fully complete plastron, Odontochelys semitestacea from the Late Triassic (lower Carnian) of China, is somewhat controversially interpreted as an aquatic or even a marine form, raising the question of the environment in which the completion of the plastron happened. Here, we analyzed the stable carbon, oxygen and sulfur isotope compositions (δ13C, δ18O and δ34S) of bones from two specimens of Odontochelys along with bones and teeth of two associated specimens of the marine ichthyosaur Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae. We first show that δ18O values of Odontochelys are incompatible with a terrestrial lifestyle and imply a semi-aquatic to aquatic lifestyle. Isotopic results also demonstrate that the aquatic environment of Odontochelys was submitted to a strong marine influence, therefore excluding the possibility of a strict freshwater aquatic environment. Additionally, an unusual carbon isotope composition shows that O. semitestacea was herbivorous, probably consuming macrophytic algae in coastal zones like the extant green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) or the marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) do.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.3389/fevo.2023.1175128
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https://hal.science/hal-04885435/file/fevo-11-1175128.pdf BibTex
titre
The recovery of European freshwater biodiversity has come to a halt
auteur
Peter Haase, Diana E Bowler, Nathan J Baker, Núria Bonada, Sami Domisch, Jaime R Garcia Marquez, Jani Heino, Daniel Hering, Sonja C Jähnig, Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber, Rachel Stubbington, Florian Altermatt, Mario Álvarez-Cabria, Giuseppe Amatulli, David G Angeler, Gaït Archambaud-Suard, Iñaki Arrate Jorrín, Thomas Aspin, Iker Azpiroz, Iñaki Bañares, José Barquín Ortiz, Christian L Bodin, Luca Bonacina, Roberta Bottarin, Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles, Zoltán Csabai, Thibault Datry, Elvira de Eyto, Alain Dohet, Gerald Dörflinger, Emma Drohan, Knut A Eikland, Judy England, Tor E Eriksen, Vesela Evtimova, Maria J Feio, Martial Ferréol, Mathieu Floury, Maxence Forcellini, Marie Anne Eurie Forio, Riccardo Fornaroli, Nikolai Friberg, Jean-François Fruget, Galia Georgieva, Peter Goethals, Manuel a S Graça, Wolfram Graf, Andy House, Kaisa-Leena Huttunen, Thomas C Jensen, Richard K Johnson, J Iwan Jones, Jens Kiesel, Lenka Kuglerová, Aitor Larrañaga, Patrick Leitner, Lionel L’hoste, Marie-Helène Lizée, Armin W Lorenz, Anthony Maire, Jesús Alberto Manzanos Arnaiz, Brendan G Mckie, Andrés Millán, Don Monteith, Timo Muotka, John F Murphy, Davis Ozolins, Riku Paavola, Petr Paril, Francisco J Peñas, Francesca Pilotto, Marek Polášek, Jes Jessen Rasmussen, Manu Rubio, David Sánchez-Fernández, Leonard Sandin, Ralf B Schäfer, Alberto Scotti, Longzhu Q Shen, Agnija Skuja, Stefan Stoll, Michal Straka, Henn Timm, Violeta G Tyufekchieva, Iakovos Tziortzis, Yordan Uzunov, Gea H van der Lee, Rudy Vannevel, Emilia Varadinova, Gábor Várbíró, Gaute Velle, Piet F M Verdonschot, Ralf C M Verdonschot, Yanka Vidinova, Peter Wiberg-Larsen, Ellen a R Welti
article
Nature, 2023, 620 (7974), pp.582-588. ⟨10.1038/s41586-023-06400-1⟩
resume
Owing to a long history of anthropogenic pressures, freshwater ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to biodiversity loss. Mitigation measures, including wastewater treatment and hydromorphological restoration, have aimed to improve environmental quality and foster the recovery of freshwater biodiversity. Here, using 1,816 time series of freshwater invertebrate communities collected across 22 European countries between 1968 and 2020, we quantified temporal trends in taxonomic and functional diversity and their responses to environmental pressures and gradients. We observed overall increases in taxon richness (0.73% per year), functional richness (2.4% per year) and abundance (1.17% per year). However, these increases primarily occurred before the 2010s, and have since plateaued. Freshwater communities downstream of dams, urban areas and cropland were less likely to experience recovery. Communities at sites with faster rates of warming had fewer gains in taxon richness, functional richness and abundance. Although biodiversity gains in the 1990s and 2000s probably reflect the effectiveness of water-quality improvements and restoration projects, the decelerating trajectory in the 2010s suggests that the current measures offer diminishing returns. Given new and persistent pressures on freshwater ecosystems, including emerging pollutants, climate change and the spread of invasive species, we call for additional mitigation to revive the recovery of freshwater biodiversity.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1038/s41586-023-06400-1
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titre
Sets of infiltration models for water infiltration in sustainable urban drainage systems
auteur
Asra Asry, Gislain Lipeme Kouyi, Tim Fletcher, Jeremie Bonneau, Damien Tedoldi, Laurent Lassabatere
article
Journal of Hydrology, 2023, 623, pp.129477. ⟨10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129477⟩
resume
Infiltration is a crucial process in various fields such as hydrology, agriculture, urban soils, and particularly for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) operation. Over the past century, the physics of infiltration has been extensively studied by developing models that estimate the dynamics of infiltration. In this study, three physically-based infiltration models (CH1, CH2, and CH3) have been developed as part of the Canoe Hydrobox (CH) platform, designed to simulate and evaluate the performance of SUDS. The three models rely on similar approaches to the Green-Ampt (GA) model by describing the water flux as the product of the equivalent hydraulic gradient and the equivalent hydraulic conductivity. The models differ in their ways of defining the hydraulic gradient and conductivity from the hydric conditions, soil parameters, and geometric features. The two first models (CH1 and CH2) consider an increase in the hydraulic conductivity with infiltrated water amount, whereas the last model (CH3) considers only the saturated hydraulic conductivity. For the hydraulic gradient, the first model considers the difference between the surface water pressure head and the height of infiltrated water. The other two models consider the difference between the surface water pressure head and the isostatic water pressure head at the surface in equilibrium with the height of infiltrated water. These models were applied to simulate water infiltration processes into dry, wet, and intermediate-wet soils. We compared these results with the numerical solution of the Richards equation using HYDRUS software. The comparison allowed the assessment of the capability of CH models to satisfy the critical principles of soil water infiltration. Subsequently we used the three models to invert six real experimental infiltration data to test their capability to work in inverse mode. The two models (CH1 and CH2) produced specific time-evolution of infiltration rates in disagreement with the physics of water infiltration under regular conditions (e.g., no water repellence). The third model (CH3) performed the best for both direct and indirect modes and is therefore considered as the best candidate. The CH3 model will be implemented in the new version of Canoe Hydrobox (CH) platform. This study provides a basis for further research into hydrological models for SUDS and their hydraulic performance.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129477
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titre
The goby fish Sicydium spp. as valuable sentinel species towards the chemical stress in freshwater bodies of West Indies
auteur
Sylvie Bony, Marion Labeille, Estelle Lefrancois, Patrice Noury, Jean-Michel Olivier, Raphaël Santos, Nils Teichert, Aurélien Besnard, Alain Devaux
article
Aquatic Toxicology, 2023, 261, pp.106623. ⟨10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106623⟩
resume
Implementation of the European Water Framework Directive in tropical areas such as the French West Indies (FWI) requires to select relevant aquatic sentinel species for investigating the ecological status of surface waters. The present work aimed to study the biological response of the widespread fish Sicydium spp. towards river chemical quality in Guadeloupe island through a set of proper biomarkers. During a 2-year survey, the hepatic EROD activity, the micronucleus formation and the level of primary DNA strand breaks in erythrocytes were measured respectively as an enzymatic biomarker of exposure and genotoxicity endpoints in fish living upstream and downstream of two chemically-contrasted rivers. Hepatic EROD activity was shown to be variable along the time but always significantly higher in fish from the most contaminated river (Rivi`ere aux Herbes) compared to the low contaminated one (Grande Rivi`ere de Vieux-Habitants). Fish size did not influence EROD activity. Fe- male fish exhibited a lower EROD activity compared to males depending on the catching period. We observed significant temporal variation in micronucleus frequency and primary DNA damage level measured in fish erythrocytes that did not depend on the fish size. Micronucleus frequency and to a lesser extent DNA damage were significantly higher in fish from the Rivi`ere aux Herbes compared to the Grande Rivi`ere de Vieux-Habitants. Our results argue for the interest of using Sicydium spp. as sentinel species to assess river quality and chemical pressures in FWI.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106623
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titre
Developmental origin underlies evolutionary rate variation across the placental skull
auteur
Anjali Goswami, Eve Noirault, Ellen Coombs, Julien Clavel, Anne-Claire Fabre, Thomas Halliday, Morgan Churchill, Abigail Curtis, Akinobu Watanabe, Nancy Simmons, Brian Beatty, Jonathan Geisler, David Fox, Ryan Felice
article
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2023, 378 (1880), ⟨10.1098/rstb.2022.0083⟩
resume
The placental skull has evolved into myriad forms, from longirostrine whales to globular primates, and with a diverse array of appendages from antlers to tusks. This disparity has recently been studied from the perspective of the whole skull, but the skull is composed of numerous elements that have distinct developmental origins and varied functions. Here, we assess the evolution of the skull's major skeletal elements, decomposed into 17 individual regions. Using a high-dimensional morphometric approach for a dataset of 322 living and extinct eutherians (placental mammals and their stem relatives), we quantify patterns of variation and estimate phylogenetic, allometric and ecological signal across the skull. We further compare rates of evolution across ecological categories and ordinal-level clades and reconstruct rates of evolution along lineages and through time to assess whether developmental origin or function discriminate the evolutionary trajectories of individual cranial elements. Our results demonstrate distinct macroevolutionary patterns across cranial elements that reflect the ecological adaptations of major clades. Elements derived from neural crest show the fastest rates of evolution, but ecological signal is equally pronounced in bones derived from neural crest and paraxial mesoderm, suggesting that developmental origin may influence evolutionary tempo, but not capacity for specialisation. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The mammalian skull: development, structure and function’.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.2022.0083
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https://hal.science/hal-04155637/file/goswami-et-al-2023-developmental-origin-underlies-evolutionary-rate-variation-across-the-placental-skull.pdf BibTex
titre
How to build vegetation patches in hydraulic studies: a hydrodynamic-ecological perspective on a biological object
auteur
Loreta Cornacchia, Garance Lapetoule, Sofia Licci, Hugo Basquin, Sara Puijalon
article
Journal of Ecohydraulics, 2023, 8 (2), pp.105-120. ⟨10.1080/24705357.2023.2176375⟩
resume
Vegetation in freshwater and coastal ecosystems modifies flows, retains sediment, protects banks and shorelines from erosion. Hydraulic laboratory studies with live vegetation or artifi- cial plant mimics, or numerical models with abstracted patches, are often used to quantify the effects of vegetation on water flow and sedimentation. However, the choice of plant and patch characteristics is often not supported by field observations of patch dimensions, density or spacing between consecutive patches. The discrepancy between plants in natural conditions and in flume experiments or numerical studies may affect the relevance of these findings for natural ecosystems. In this study, we provide guidelines for building realistic vegetation patches in hydraulic studies. We collected data on four species of fully sub- merged freshwater aquatic macrophytes that can grow into well-defined patches. We con- sidered three relevant levels: individual plants (inside patches), isolated patches and multiple neighbouring patches. At the plant level, we observed significant differences in biomechan- ical traits (Young’s modulus, flexural stiffness), resulting in stem Cauchy numbers ranging from 85.25 to 325.84, and leaf Cauchy numbers from 163.81 to 2003.97. At the patch level, we found significant relationships between patch length, width and height, showing covari- ation among different patch characteristics. The relationships among patch dimensions dif- fered significantly among sampling sites for three of the four species, suggesting high intraspecific variability in patch sizes. By providing a first set of guidelines for choosing cor- rect and ecologically relevant plant characteristics, this dataset aims to improve our under- standing of the complex processes occurring inside and around submerged vegetated patches.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1080/24705357.2023.2176375
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https://hal.science/hal-04251026/file/Cornacchia2023-TJoE.pdf BibTex
titre
The impact of high temperatures on bird responses to alarm calls
auteur
Marion Cordonnier, Amanda Ridley, Thierry Lengagne, Mylène Dutour
article
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2023, 77 (7), pp.82. ⟨10.1007/s00265-023-03354-2⟩
resume
Given the current pace of climate change, high temperature events will become increasingly frequent in many parts of the world. Predicting how high temperatures will impact the behavior of songbirds-highly sensitive to temperature change due to their tendency to have small size, high metabolic rate and diurnal habits-is therefore crucial and urgent. However, the behavioral impacts of high temperatures on acoustic communication in birds have rarely been studied. Responsiveness to antipredator signals is an important behavior to consider because failure to detect such signals could be lethal. We investigated whether high temperatures affect the behavioral responses of great tits (Parus major) to conspecific mobbing calls. We found that the emission of mobbing calls by great tits was affected by the current ambient temperature. Further, we found a significant lag effect of temperature on the approach of great tits to the speaker during the mobbing test. The results suggest that at high temperatures, great tits change their tactic from active defense to less active response. At higher temperatures, great tits produce fewer mobbing vocalizations and invest less time in response to mobbing playback. High temperatures can thus induce behavioral shifts in great tits. In the current context of increasing average temperatures, such effect of temperature on response to vital indicators such as antipredator signals could impact survival when inducing greater risk of depredation.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s00265-023-03354-2
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https://hal.science/hal-04172275/file/1_Manuscript%20CORDONNIER%20et%20al.%20.pdf BibTex
titre
The colonial legacy of herbaria
auteur
Daniel S Park, Xiao Feng, Shinobu Akiyama, Marlina Ardiyani, Neida Avendaño, Zoltan Barina, Blandine Bärtschi, Manuel Belgrano, Julio Betancur, Roxali Bijmoer, Ann Bogaerts, Asunción Cano, Jiří Danihelka, Arti Garg, David E Giblin, Rajib Gogoi, Alessia Guggisberg, Marko Hyvärinen, Shelley A James, Ramagwai J Sebola, Tomoyuki Katagiri, Jonathan A Kennedy, Tojibaev Sh. Komil, Byoungyoon Lee, Serena M L Lee, Donatella Magri, Rossella Marcucci, Siro Masinde, Denis Melnikov, Patrik Mráz, Wieslaw Mulenko, Paul Musili, Geoffrey Mwachala, Burrell E Nelson, Christine Niezgoda, Carla Novoa Sepúlveda, Sylvia Orli, Alan Paton, Serge Payette, Kent D Perkins, Maria Jimena Ponce, Heimo Rainer, L. Rasingam, Himmah Rustiami, Natalia M Shiyan, Charlotte Sletten Bjorå, James Solomon, Fred Stauffer, Alex Sumadijaya, Mélanie Thiébaut, Barbara M Thiers, Hiromi Tsubota, Alison Vaughan, Risto Virtanen, Timothy J S Whitfeld, Dianxiang Zhang, Fernando O Zuloaga, Charles C Davis
article
Nature Human Behaviour, 2023, 7 (7), pp.1059-1068. ⟨10.1038/s41562-023-01616-7⟩
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1038/s41562-023-01616-7
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titre
Grazing intensity drives a trophic shift in the diet of common alpine birds
auteur
Jules Chiffard, Ilham Bentaleb, Nigel Yoccoz, François Fourel, Elodie Blanquet, Aurélien Besnard
article
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2023, 348, pp.108418. ⟨10.1016/J.AGEE.2023.108418⟩
resume
Large mammalian herbivores (LMH) shape vertebrate communities and structure food webs in many terrestrial ecosystems. However, the mechanisms that underlie the effects of LMH on other vertebrates are poorly understood. In France, domestic LMH have grazed alpine and mountain grasslands for thousands of years, profoundly influencing landscapes and wildlife. As LMH modify habitat structure, favour coprophagous insects and compete with herbivorous insects, the diet of insectivorous alpine birds may be deeply influenced by LMH grazing intensity. To investigate this, we sampled common insectivorous birds faeces (water pipit Anthus spinoletta and wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe) in sites characterized by different levels of grazing intensity by domestic and wild herbivores, in the open landscapes of the southern French Alps and the western Pyrenees. We used isotopic discrimination based on nitrogen stable isotope ratios as an indicator of the trophic level of the arthropods found in bird faeces. From isotopic ratios, we found that bird diets shift from mainly herbivorous arthropods at sites of low grazing intensity, to one mainly composed of other groups, such as predatory, detritivorous or coprophagous arthropods, at sites of higher grazing intensity. This result highlights the strong trophic link between LMH and insectivorous birds in open landscapes, contributing to a better understanding of interactions between domestic grazing, an activity that has historically modelled European landscapes, and biodiversity, with particular relevance for landscape management and bird conservation.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/J.AGEE.2023.108418
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titre
δ2H and δ18O of river water from a high-altitude humid plain of the southern Alps: Implications for the interpretation of the isotopic compositions of bioapatite from humans living close to mountain areas
auteur
Christophe Lécuyer, François Atrops, François Fourel, Thibault Clauzel, Jean-Pierre Flandrois
article
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2023, 49, pp.104020. ⟨10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104020⟩
resume
Located in the French Southern Alps, the Cerveyrette area is a watershed of about 100 km2 including a torrent and a high-altitude swampy plain dominated by a nival regime. The apparent cyclicity of very small magnitude in the δ18O (−14.4 ± 0.6 ‰) of the river waters is interpreted to partly reflect seasonal variations in the isotopic compositions of precipitations, thus having consequences on the interpretation of human and animal remains of archaeological interest. As the Cerveyrette is the potential main source of drinking water for local humans and animals, considerations about the meaning of calculated theoretical δ18O of bioapatite (bone, tooth enamel) highlight that inferred Mean Air Annual Temperatures (MAAT) are highly underestimated, with a calculated MAAT of 1.5 °C instead of the local recorded MAAT of 7 °C. In terms of human or animal mobility, such isotopic data may drive researchers to look for a distant and high-latitude geographic origin instead of a rather close and high-altitude mountainous areas. For example, the area where the famous Ötzi lived, discovered close to the Austrian-Italian border, could have been of lower altitude than previously thought. Consequently, we propose that the interpretation of bioapatite δ18O data must be undertaken with caution in mountainous areas, especially with the consideration of the regional orography and its related hydrographic networks.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104020
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https://hal.science/hal-04616164/file/S2352409X23001955.pdf BibTex
titre
Combined usage of geophysical methods in continental water bodies, their benefits and challenging issues: A special focus on sediment deposits in dam reservoirs
auteur
A. Weit, B. Mourier, T. Fretaud, T. Winiarski
article
Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2023, 213, pp.105036. ⟨10.1016/j.jappgeo.2023.105036⟩
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2023.105036
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titre
Genomic insights into cryptic cycles of microbial hydrocarbon production and degradation in contiguous freshwater and marine microbiomes
auteur
Adrien Vigneron, Perrine Cruaud, Connie Lovejoy, Warwick F Vincent
article
Microbiome, 2023, 11, ⟨10.1186/s40168-023-01537-7⟩
resume

Background Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic phytoplankton produce long-chain alkanes and generate around 100 times greater quantities of hydrocarbons in the ocean compared to natural seeps and anthropogenic sources. Yet, these compounds do not accumulate in the water column, suggesting rapid biodegradation by co-localized microbial populations. Despite their ecological importance, the identities of microbes involved in this cryptic hydrocarbon cycle are mostly unknown. Here, we identified genes encoding enzymes involved in the hydrocarbon cycle across the salinity gradient of a remote, vertically stratified, seawater-containing High Arctic lake that is isolated from anthropogenic petroleum sources and natural seeps. Metagenomic analysis revealed diverse hydrocarbon cycling genes and populations, with patterns of variation along gradients of light, salinity, oxygen, and sulfur that are relevant to freshwater, oceanic, hadal, and anoxic deep sea ecosystems.

Results

Analyzing genes and metagenome-assembled genomes down the water column of Lake A in the Canadian High Arctic, we detected microbial hydrocarbon production and degradation pathways at all depths, from surface freshwaters to dark, saline, anoxic waters. In addition to Cyanobacteria, members of the phyla Flavobacteria, Nitrospina, Deltaproteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia had pathways for alkane and alkene production, providing additional sources of biogenic hydrocarbons. Known oil-degrading microorganisms were poorly represented in the system, while long-chain hydrocarbon degradation genes were identified in various freshwater and marine lineages such as Actinobacteria, Schleiferiaceae, and Marinimicrobia. Genes involved in sulfur and nitrogen compound transformations were abundant in hydrocarbon producing and degrading lineages, suggesting strong interconnections with nitrogen and sulfur cycles and a potential for widespread distribution in the ocean.

Conclusions

Our detailed metagenomic analyses across water column gradients in a remote petroleum-free lake derived from the Arctic Ocean suggest that the current estimation of bacterial hydrocarbon production in the ocean could be substantially underestimated by neglecting non-phototrophic production and by not taking low oxygen zones into account. Our findings also suggest that biogenic hydrocarbons may sustain a large fraction of freshwater and oceanic microbiomes, with global biogeochemical implications for carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycles.

typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1186/s40168-023-01537-7
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titre
Temperature-independent telomere lengthening with age in the long-lived human fish (Proteus anguinus)
auteur
Yann Voituron, Olivier Guillaume, Adeline Dumet, Sandrine Zahn, Francois Criscuolo
article
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2023, 290 (1998), pp.20230503. ⟨10.1098/rspb.2023.0503⟩
resume
Despite number of studies showing negative relationship between age and telomere length, the universality of this pattern has been recently challenged mainly in ectothermic animals exhibiting diverse effect of age on telomere shortening. However, data on ectotherms may be strongly affected by thermal history of the individuals. We thus investigated the age-related changes in relative telomere length in the skin of a small but long-lived amphibian living naturally in stable thermal environment over its entire life allowing the comparison with other homeotherms animals like birds and mammals. The present data showed a positive relation between telomere length and individual age, independent of sex and body size. A segmented analysis highlighted a breakpoint in the telomere length-age relationship, suggesting that telomere length reached a plateau at the age of 25 years. Further studies focusing on the biology of animals that live much longer than expected based on body mass will contribute to our better understanding of how ageing processes evolved and may also bring innovation for extend human health span.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2023.0503
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titre
Relative effect of hydraulics, physico-chemistry and other biofilm algae on benthic cyanobacteria assemblages in a regulated river
auteur
Charlotte Robichon, Joël Robin, Sylvain Dolédec
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 872, pp.162142. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162142⟩
resume
The development of benthic cyanobacteria currently raises concern worldwide because of their potential to produce toxins. As a result, understanding which measures of biotic and abiotic parameters influence the development of cyanobacterial assemblages is of great importance to guide management actions. In this study, we investigate the relative contributions of abiotic and biotic parameters that may drive the development of cyanobacterial assemblages in river biofilms. First, a 2D hydrodynamic model allowed us to retrace changes in depths and velocities according to discharge at a 4 m2 resolution. From this model, we set up three hydraulic zones in each of the 4 reaches investigated along a 50-km-long river stretch. We further used univariate, multivariate and variance partitioning analyses to assess the contribution of past and present hydraulics, present physical and chemical parameters and algae to the temporal variability of cyanobacterial assemblage composition. The cyanobacterial assemblages were generally dominated by Phormidium sp., Lyngbya sp., Planktolyngbya sp. and Oscillatoria sp., four genera known to contain potentially toxic species. The highest biovolumes of cyanobacteria were present in low velocity zones in early summer and shifted to high velocity zones in late summer, highlighting the major influence of hydraulic parameters on benthic cyanobacteria settlement and development in rivers. Considering the identified genera, biofilms present a potentially high risk of toxin production. Relations between cyanobacterial development, toxin production and environmental parameters need to be further assessed to better estimate this risk.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162142
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titre
Adding insult to injury: anthropogenic noise intensifies predation risk by an invasive freshwater fish species
auteur
Marina Fernandez-Declerck, Emilie Rojas, Loïc Prosnier, Loïc Teulier, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Vincent Médoc
article
Biological Invasions, 2023, 25, pp.2775-2785. ⟨10.1007/s10530-023-03072-w⟩
resume
The ecological impact of invasive species is likely to be modulated by human-induced alterations in habitats, which represents another driver of biodiversity loss. We tested the effect of soundscape degradation on predation by the round goby Neogobius melanostomus, one of Europe's "worst invasive species". For this, we compared the relationship between per capita predation rate and prey density (i.e., the functional response) in the presence or absence of motorboat sounds. Unexpectedly, fish displayed a stronger functional response with additional noise, which could be explained by a higher mobility promoting encounters with prey. Our results suggest that anthropogenic noise is likely to exacerbate the impact of invasive species.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s10530-023-03072-w
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titre
Multi-element stable isotope geochemistry and arsenic speciation of hydrothermal vent fauna (Alviniconcha sp., Ifremeria nautilei and Eochionelasmus ohtai manusensis), Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea
auteur
Ana-Voica Bojar, Christophe Lecuyer, William Maher, Hans-Peter Bojar, François Fourel, Ştefan Vasile
article
Chemosphere, 2023, 324, pp.138258. ⟨10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138258⟩
resume
Deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities, revealing patterns of niche partitioning, live in a limited area characterised by sharp physico-chemical gradients. In this study, we investigated carbon, sulfur, nitrogen stable isotopes as well as arsenic (As) speciations and concentrations for two snails (Alviniconcha sp. and Ifremeria nautilei) and a crustacean, (Eochionelasmus ohtai manusensis), occupying distinct niches in the hydrothermal vent field of the Vienna Woods, Manus Basin, Western Pacific. δ13C values of Alviniconcha sp. (foot), I. nautilei (foot and chitin) and E. o. manusensis (soft tissue) are similar, from 28 to 33‰ (V-PDB). The δ15N values of Alviniconcha sp. (foot and chitin), I. nautilei (foot and chitin) and E. o. manusensis (soft tissue) range from 8.4 to 10.6‰. The δ34S values of Alviniconcha sp. (foot and chitin), I. nautilei (foot) and E. o. manusensis (soft tissue) range from 5.9 to 11.1‰. Using stable isotopes, for the first time, we inferred a Calvin-Benson (RuBisCo) metabolic pathway for Alviniconcha sp. along with the presence of γ-Proteobacteria symbionts for the Vienna Woods communities. For I. nautilei, a feeding pattern is proposed with γ-Proteobacteria symbiosis and a Calvin–Benson–Bassham diet with mixotrophic feeding. E. ohtai manusensis is filtering bacteria with a CBB feeding strategy, with δ15N values indicating possible higher position in the trophic chain. Arsenic concentrations in the dry tissue of Alviniconcha (foot), I. nautilei (foot) and E. o. manusensis (soft tissue) are high, from 4134 to 8478 μg/g, with inorganic As concentrations of 607, 492 and 104 μg/g, respectively and dimethyl arsenic (DMA) concentrations of 11.12, 0.25 and 11.2 μg/g, respectively. Snails occurring in a vent proximal position have higher As concentration than barnacles, a pattern not observed for S concentrations. Arsenosugars were not put in evidence indicating that the available organic material for the vent organisms are not surface derived.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138258
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titre
Combined Chemical and Ecotoxicological Measurements for River Sediment Management in an On-Land Deposit Scenario
auteur
Jean-Philippe Bedell, André-Marie Dendievel, Antoine Gosset, Brice Mourier
article
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, In press, 84, pp.436-452. ⟨10.1007/s00244-023-00997-0⟩
resume
Sediment management along engineered river systems includes dredging operations and sediment deposition in the sea (capping) or on land. Thus, determining the ecotoxicological risk gradient associated with river sediments is critical. In this study, we investigated sediment samples along the Rhône River (France) and conducted environmental risk assessment tests with the idea to evaluate them in the future for deposit on soil. Based on an on-land deposit scenario, the capacity of the sediment samples from four sites (LDB, BER, GEC, and TRS) to support vegetation was evaluated by characterising the physical and chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, total organic carbon, grain size, C/N, potassium, nitrogen, and selected pollutants), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and metal trace elements. All tested sediments were contaminated by metallic elements and PCBs as follows: LDB > GEC > TRS > BER, but only LDB had levels higher than the French regulatory threshold S1. Sediment ecotoxicity was then assessed using acute (plant germination and earthworm avoidance) and chronic (ostracod test and earthworm reproduction) bioassays. Two of the tested plant species, Lolium perenne (ray grass) and Cucurbita pepo (zucchini), were highly sensitive to sediment phytotoxicity. Acute tests also showed significant inhibition of germination and root growth, with avoidance by Eisenia fetida at the least contaminated sites (TRS and BER). Chronic bioassays revealed that LDB and TRS sediment were significantly toxic to E. fetida and Heterocypris incongruens (Ostracoda), and GEC sediment was toxic for the latter organism. In this on-land and spatialised deposit scenario, river sedi- ment from the LDB site (Lake Bourget marina) presented the highest potential toxicity and required the greatest attention. However, low contamination levels can also lead to potential toxicity (as demonstrated for GEC and TRS site), underlining the importance of a multiple test approach for this scenario.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s00244-023-00997-0
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titre
Dike fields as drivers and witnesses of twentieth-century hydrosedimentary changes in a highly engineered river (Rhône River, France)
auteur
Gabrielle Seignemartin, Brice Mourier, Jérémie Riquier, Thierry Winiarski, Hervé Piégay
article
Geomorphology, 2023, 431, pp.108689. ⟨10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.108689⟩
resume
Hydraulic structures, such as groyne fields, were commonly used to channelize European and North American rivers, thus forming engineered margins on the edges of the active channel. On the Rhône River (France), which was corrected with dike fields (classical groyne fields and specific ones closed with a longitudinal submersible dike; i.e., closed fields) and equipped with numerous dams (mid-twentieth century), the engineered margins have mostly been filled with fine sediments and become terrestrial. On the 11 km bypassed studied reach (middle Rhône), 55.6 ha in 167 dike fields (i.e., 75 % of the cumulated surface) have been subject to terrestrialization (i.e., the transformation of aquatic areas into terrestrial ones). Our study aimed to understand the trajectory of dike fields that serve as both drivers (e.g., inducing in-dike fine sediment trapping) and witnesses (e.g., informing the diversion impact) of hydrosedimentary changes. We combined geohistorical analyses (aerial photographs, riverbed elevations, and water levels) and GIS modeling, as well as topographic and ground-penetrating radar surveys (GPR), to emphasize the terrestrialization patterns and hierarchize the drivers and processes involved. We obtained a classification of diachronic patterns (five types) that highlight local recurrences and specificities (inherited forms) in the terrestrialization trajectory. Topographic and GPR surveys complemented our data, shedding light on the main characteristics of sediment deposits (volumes, thicknesses) and structural units. We also determined that the contribution to terrestrialization of phase 1 (channelized state; 1900s–1970s) is lower than that of phase 2 (channelized and bypassed state; 1970s–2000s), at 42 % (23.4 ha) and 58 % (32.2 ha), respectively. In phase 1, fine sediment deposition leads to deposit construction, triggered by the dike field setting, which shapes spaces with reduced shear stresses. The riverbed incision (induced by channelization) is shallow on this reach, so its contribution (by lowering the water level) is considered negligible. In phase 2, terrestrialization is mainly provoked by the diversion-induced drop in water level that has caused the retraction of the active channel and promoted its abandoned edges as new terrestrial margins. Understanding the evolution of these ecotones made it possible to adjust our recommendations in terms of management and restoration. It also highlights the relevance of strategic dike field reconnections to support the river by recreating gradients of hydrological connectivity (which are favorable to habitat diversity).
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.108689
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titre
New evidence of the architecture and affinity of fossil trees from the Jurassic Purbeck Forest of southern England
auteur
David Steart, John Needham, Christine Strullu-Derrien, Marc Philippe, Jonathan Krieger, Lil Stevens, Alan Spencer, Peta Hayes, Paul Kenrick
article
Botany Letters, 2023, 170 (2), pp.165-182. ⟨10.1080/23818107.2023.2197973⟩
resume
We document the habit and affinity of the most complete Mesozoic Era tree to be excavated in the UK. The fossil was found in situ in a palaeosol of the Upper Jurassic Purbeck Group of southern England (Tithonian: ca. 150–145 million years). It comprises over 100 permineralized (silicified) pieces that represent a rooted stump and fallen trunk, together weighing more than two tonnes. This exceptional specimen was excavated in a manner that retained the original associations among its parts, providing a unique insight into the overall habit and mode of growth. A laser scanning approach was used to facilitate the investigation, producing the largest 3D reconstruction of a plant fossil. Anatomical details reveal that the wood belongs to the fossil-genus Agathoxylon. Despite an estimated growth age of more than 200 years, the tree was of modest size, not greatly exceeding 12 m in height. The main trunk bifurcated, devel- oping into a decurrent, spreading crown. Its habit differed significantly from most modern arborescent conifers, which have pole-like central trunks and narrow, conical crowns, and from known growth forms in the Cheirolepidiaceae, an important extinct group of Mesozoic con- ifers. These findings extend our knowledge of the growth architecture of Jurassic conifers, which were prominent and diverse elements of seasonally arid, low to mid-latitude coastal communities during the Late Mesozoic.
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DOI : 10.1080/23818107.2023.2197973
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Extracellular vesicles of the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea
auteur
Amélie de Vallée, Jean-William Dupuy, Christine Moriscot, Benoit Gallet, Solène Vanderperre, Gaëtan Guignard, Christine Rascle, Glen Calvar, Bastien Malbert, François-Xavier Gillet, Cindy Dieryckx, Mathias Choquer, Vincent Girard, Nathalie Poussereau, Christophe Bruel
article
Journal of Fungi, 2023, 9 (4), pp.495. ⟨10.3390/jof9040495⟩
resume
Fungal secretomes are known to contain a multitude of components involved in nutrition, cell growth or biotic interactions. Recently, extra-cellular vesicles have been identified in a few fungal species. Here, we used a multidisciplinary approach to identify and characterize extracellular vesicles produced by the plant necrotroph Botrytis cinerea. Transmission electron microscopy of infectious hyphae and hyphae grown in vitro revealed extracellular vesicles of various sizes and densities. Electron tomography showed the co-existence of ovoid and tubular vesicles and pointed to their release via the fusion of multi-vesicular bodies with the cell plasma membrane. The isolation of these vesicles and exploration of their protein content using mass spectrometry led to the identification of soluble and membrane proteins involved in transport, metabolism, cell wall synthesis and remodeling, proteostasis, oxidoreduction and traffic. Confocal microscopy highlighted the capacity of fluorescently labeled vesicles to target cells of B. cinerea, cells of the fungus Fusarium graminearum, and onion epidermal cells but not yeast cells. In addition, a specific positive effect of these vesicles on the growth of B. cinerea was quantified. Altogether, this study broadens our view on the secretion capacity of B. cinerea and its cell-to-cell communication.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.3390/jof9040495
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titre
Prenatal thyroid hormones accelerate postnatal growth and telomere shortening in wild great tits
auteur
Bin-Yan Hsu, Nina Cossin-Sevrin, Antoine Stier, Suvi Ruuskanen
article
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2023, 226, pp.jeb243875. ⟨10.1242/jeb.243875⟩
resume
The early-life environment is known to affect later-life health and disease, which could be mediated by the early-life programming of telomere length, a key hallmark of ageing. According to the fetal programming of telomere biology hypothesis, variation in prenatal exposure to hormones is likely to influence telomere length. Yet, the contribution of key metabolic hormones, i.e. thyroid hormones (THs), has been largely ignored. We recently showed that in contrast to predictions, exposure to elevated prenatal THs increased postnatal telomere length in wild collared flycatchers, but the generality of such effect, the underlying proximate mechanisms and consequences for survival have not been investigated. We therefore conducted a comprehensive study evaluating the impact of THs on potential drivers of telomere dynamics (growth, post-natal THs, mitochondria and oxidative stress), telomere length and medium-term survival using wild great tits as a model system. While prenatal THs did not significantly affect telomere length a week after hatching (i.e. day 7), they influenced postnatal telomere shortening (i.e. shorter telomeres at day 14 and the following winter) but not apparent survival. Circulating THs, mitochondrial density or oxidative stress biomarkers were not significantly influenced, whereas the TH-supplemented group showed accelerated growth, which may explain the observed delayed effect on telomeres. We discuss several alternative hypotheses that may explain the contrast with our previous findings in flycatchers. Given that shorter telomeres in early life tend to be carried until adulthood and are often associated with decreased survival prospects, the effects of prenatal THs on telomeres may have long-lasting effects on senescence.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1242/jeb.243875
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titre
Toxicity of sediments in eight urban stormwater management ponds: bioassessment by oligochaete community metrics used in the sediment quality triad
auteur
Guillaume Tixier, Quintin Rochfort, Lee Grapentine, Jiri Marsalek, Michel Lafont, Régis Vivien
article
Water Science and Technology, 2023, 87 (5), pp.1112-1128. ⟨10.2166/wst.2023.051⟩
resume
Abstract Implemented for decades as part of the ‘best management practices (BMPs)’ for controlling urban runoff impacts on receiving waters, stormwater management ponds (SMPs) have been increasingly viewed as potential habitats for urban wildlife. However, since SMPs are subject to a lot of environmental constraints, research toward assessing their ecological quality and their actual benefits as habitats for biota is needed. In this study, the sediment toxicity of eight SMPs located in Southern Ontario, Canada was assessed using the sediment quality triad (SQT) approach. Sediment samples were collected for chemical, ecotoxicological and biological analyses. An oligochaete-based index approach (Oligochaete Index of Lake Bioindication and percentage of pollution-sensitive species) was used as the biological endpoint and integrated into a weight-of-evidence approach to assessing the general sediment quality of the ponds. Our results showed that (i) heavy metals in the sediment and (ii) chloride concentrations in the sediment interstitial water caused detrimental effects on the ecological quality of the sediments in the ponds studied. The oligochaete indices applied in this study showed value as biological endpoints to be integrated into the SQT and used for setting up sediment ecological quality goals.
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DOI
DOI : 10.2166/wst.2023.051
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titre
Aquifer recharge by stormwater infiltration basins: Hydrological and vadose zone characteristics control the impacts of basins on groundwater chemistry and microbiology
auteur
Yohan Lebon, Clémentine François, Simon Navel, Félix Vallier, Ludovic Guillard, Lucie Pinasseau, Laurent Oxarango, Laurence Volatier, Florian Mermillod-Blondin
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 865, pp.161115. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161115⟩
resume
Stormwater infiltration systems (SIS) are designed to collect and infiltrate urban stormwater runoff into the ground for flood risk mitigation and artificial aquifer recharge. Many studies have demonstrated that infiltration practices can impact groundwater chemistry and microbiology. However, quantitative assessments of the hydrogeological factors responsible of these changes remain scarce. Thus, the present study aimed to quantitatively test whether changes of groundwater chemistry and microbiology induced by SIS were linked to two factors associated with vadose zone properties (vadose zone thickness, water transit time from surface to groundwater) and one factor associated with groundwater recharge rate (assessed by groundwater table elevation during rain events). To evaluate changes in chemistry (NO3−, PO43− and dissolved organic carbon concentrations), groundwater samples were collected in wells located in SIS-impacted and non-SIS-impacted zones during experimental periods of 10 days. During the same periods, clay beads were incubated in the same wells to measure changes of groundwater microbial biofilms (microbial biomass, dehydrogenase and hydrolytic activities) induced by SIS. Results showed that changes in PO43− supplied to groundwater during stormwater infiltration was negatively correlated with vadose zone thickness. A short water transit time from surface to groundwater increased dissolved organic carbon concentrations in the aquifer which, in turn, increased biofilm biomasses in groundwater. The groundwater recharge rate during rain events (assessed by groundwater table elevation) diluted NO3− concentrations in the aquifer but also influenced the changes of biofilm activities induced by SIS. Groundwater recharge rate during rain events probably increased the fluxes of water and dissolved organic carbon in groundwater, stimulating the activity of microbial biofilms. Overall, the present study is the first to quantify conjointly several factors and processes (water transfer, dilution, solute fluxes) that could explain the impact of stormwater infiltration on chemistry and/or microbiology in groundwater.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161115
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titre
Microplastics in Freshwater Sediments Impact the Role of a Main Bioturbator in Ecosystem Functioning
auteur
Mohammad Wazne, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Manon Vallier, Frédéric Hervant, Adeline Dumet, Holly Nel, Anna Kukkola, Stefan Krause, Laurent Simon
article
Environmental Science and Technology, 2023, 57 (8), pp.3042-3052. ⟨10.1021/acs.est.2c05662⟩
resume
While microplastic transport, fate, and effects have been a focus of studies globally, the consequences of their presence on ecosystem functioning have not received the same attention. With increasing evidence of the accumulation of microplastics at sediment−water interfaces there is a need to assess their impacts on ecosystem engineers, also known as bioturbators, which have direct and indirect effects on ecosystem health. This study investigated the impact of microplastics on the bioturbator Tubifex tubifex alongside any effects on the biogeochemical processes at the sediment−water interface. Bioturbators were exposed to four sediment microplastic concentrations: 0, 700, 7000, and 70000 particles kg−1 sediment dry weight. Though no mortality was present, a significant response to oxidative stress was detected in tubificid worms after exposure to medium microplastic concentration (7000 particles kg−1 sediment dry weight). This was accompanied by a reduction in worm bioturbation activities assessed by their ability to rework sediment and to stimulate exchange water fluxes at the sediment−water interface. Consequently, the contributions of tubificid worms on organic matter mineralization and nutrient fluxes were significantly reduced in the presence of microplastics. This study demonstrated that environmentally realistic microplastic concentrations had an impact on biogeochemical processes at the sediment−water interface by reducing the bioturbation activities of tubificid worms.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1021/acs.est.2c05662
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titre
Assessing the Potential Ecotoxicological Risk of Different Organic Amendments Used in Agriculture: Approach Using Acute Toxicity Tests on Plants and Earthworms
auteur
Olivier Roques, Jean-Philippe Bedell, Julia Le Maux, Laure Wiest, Christian Mougin, Sylvie Nélieu, Nathalie Cheviron, Olivier Santini, Vivien Lecomte, Rémy Bayard
article
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2023, 84 (2), pp.248-266. ⟨10.1007/s00244-023-00979-2⟩
resume
In Europe, spreading organic wastes to fertilize soils is an alternative commonly used instead of chemical fertilizers. Through their contributions of nutrients and organic matter, these wastes promote plant growth and thus agricultural production. However, these organic amendments can also contain mineral and organic pollutants requiring chemical and ecotoxicological analyses to guarantee their harmlessness on soil and its organisms during spreading. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential toxicity of three organic amendments from diferent sources (sewage sludge, dairy cow manure, dairy cow slurry) by performing chemical analyses and acute toxicity tests on three types of organism: earthworms, plants, soil microbial communities. Chemical analysis revealed a higher content of certain pharmaceuticals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals in sewage sludge in comparison with the two other types of organic wastes. The ecotoxicological assessment showed a dose-dependent efect on soil organisms for the three organic amendments with higher toxic efects during the exposure tests with a soil amended with dairy cow slurry. However, at realistic spreading doses (10 and 20 g kg−1 dry weight of organic amendments) on a representative exposed soil, organic amendment did not show any toxicity in the three organisms studied and had positive efects such as increased earthworm biomass, increased plant root growth and earthworm behavior showing attraction for organic amendment. On the contrary, exposure assays carried out on a limited substrate like sandy soil showed increased toxicity of organic amendments on plant germination and root growth. Overall,bthe ecotoxicological analysis revealed greater toxicity for soil organisms during the amendment of cow slurry, contrary to the chemical analysis which showed the potential high risk of spreading sewage sludge due to the presence of a higher quantity of pollutants. The analysis of the chemical composition and use of acute toxicity tests is the frst essential step for assessing the ecotoxicological risk of spreading organic amendments on soil organisms. In addition to standard tests, the study suggests using a representative soil in acute toxicity tests to avoid overestimating the toxic efects of these organic amendments.
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DOI : 10.1007/s00244-023-00979-2
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Seasonal variation of mercury concentration of ancient olive groves of Lebanon
auteur
Nagham Tabaja, David Amouroux, Lamis Chalak, François Fourel, Emmanuel Tessier, Ihab Jomaa, Milad El Riachy, Ilham Bentaleb
article
Biogeosciences, 2023, 20 (3), pp.619 - 633. ⟨10.5194/bg-20-619-2023⟩
resume
This study investigates the seasonality of the mer- cury (Hg) concentration of olive tree foliage, an iconic tree of the Mediterranean basin. Hg concentrations of foliage, stems, soil surface, and litter were analyzed on a monthly ba- sis in ancient olive trees growing in two groves in Lebanon, Bchaaleh and Kawkaba (1300 and 672 m a.s.l. respectively). A significantly lower concentration was registered in stems ( ∼ 7–9 ng g−1) in comparison to foliage (∼ 35–48 ng g−1) in both sites, with the highest foliage Hg concentration in late winter–early spring and the lowest in summer. It is noteworthy that olive fruits also have low Hg concentra- tions (∼ 7–11 ng g−1). The soil has the highest Hg content (∼ 62–129 ng g−1) likely inherited through the cumulated lit- ter biomass (∼ 63–76 ng g−1). A good covariation observed between our foliage Hg time series analysis and those of at- mospheric Hg concentrations available for southern Italy in the western Mediterranean basin confirms that mercury pol- lution can be studied through olive trees. Spring sampling is recommended if the objective is to assess the trees’ sus- ceptibility to Hg uptake. Our study draws an adequate base- line for the eastern Mediterranean and the region with similar climatic inventories on Hg vegetation uptake, in addition to being a baseline to new studies on olive trees in the Mediter- ranean to reconstruct regional Hg pollution concentrations in the past and present.
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DOI
DOI : 10.5194/bg-20-619-2023
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titre
Environmental and land use controls of microplastic pollution along the gravel-bed Ain River (France) and its “Plastic Valley”
auteur
André-Marie Dendievel, Mohammad Wazne, Manon Vallier, Mermillod-Blondin Florian, Mourier Brice, Hervé Piégay, Thierry Winiarski, Stefan Krause, Simon Laurent
article
Water Research, 2023, 230, pp.119518. ⟨10.1016/j.watres.2022.119518⟩
resume
Understanding microplastic particles (MPs) accumulation and transport along rivers represents a major task due to the complexity and heterogeneity of rivers, and their interactions with their wider corridor. The identification of MPs hotspots and their potential sources is especially challenging in coarse-bed rivers transporting a wide range of particle sizes with a high degree of variability in time and space. This research focuses on the gravel-bed Ain River (Rhoˆne River tributary, France) which is managed by means of various dams and also hosts one of the major plastic production centres in Europe (Oyonnax and Bienne Plastic Valleys). In this research, (i) Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were used to locate plastic factories and to characterise the land use of the Ain River watershed. (ii) On the field, sediment samples were extracted from the hyporheic zone (HZ) of mobile gravel bar heads, while hydro-sedimentary settings were measured in order to describe site conditions. Sampling sites were especially established in downwelling areas (i.e. where the surface water entered the hyporheic zone), upstream and downstream of dams and plastic factories. (iii) After density separation and organic matter digestion of sediment, MPs were characterised with a μFTIR device followed by data processing via the siMPle software. This work highlighted the trapping efficiency of alluvial bars for MPs. The highest MPs concentrations were found along the Plastic Valleys (up to 4400 MPs/kg), while the lower river was less contaminated by MPs. After grain-size correction, a significant breakpoint was identified in the area of the main dams, revealing their major influence on MPs distribution. The variability in MPs concentrations and types suggested a local origin for most of MPs. A particular feature was the dominance of polypropylene (PP) which appears as a critical industrial heritage as the studied region is specialised in the manufacturing of hard plastics. Indeed, multivariate analyses also revealed that MPs concentrations and types were mostly driven by the vicinity of plastic factories and urban areas. This relationship between the land use, the presence of dams and MPs characteristics provides key results for the MPs assessment and the improvement of management issues along coarse-bed rivers.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119518
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Local Food Systems under Global Influence: The Case of Food, Health and Environment in Five Socio-Ecosystems
auteur
Michael Rapinski, Richard Raymond, Damien Davy, Thora Herrmann, Jean-Philippe Bedell, Abdou Ka, Guillaume Odonne, Laine Chanteloup, Pascal Jean Lopez, Éric Foulquier, Eduardo Ferreira da Silva, Nathalie El Deghel, Gilles Boëtsch, Véronique Coxam, Fabienne Joliet, Anne-Marie Guihard-Costa, Laurence Tibère, Julie-Anne Nazare, Priscilla Duboz
article
Sustainability, 2023, 15 (3), pp.2376. ⟨10.3390/su15032376⟩
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Globalization is transforming food systems around the world. With few geographical areas spared from nutritional, dietary and epidemiological transitions, chronic diseases have reached pandemic proportions. A question therefore arises as to the sustainability of local food systems. The overall purpose of this article is to put in perspective how local food systems respond to globalization through the assessment of five different case studies stemming from an international research network of Human-Environment Observatories (OHM), namely Nunavik (Québec, Canada), Oyapock (French Guiana, France), Estarreja (Portugal), Téssékéré (Senegal) and Littoral-Caraïbes (Guadeloupe, France). Each region retains aspects of its traditional food system, albeit under different patterns of influence modelled by various factors. These include history, cultural practices, remoteness and accessibility to and integration of globalized ultra-processed foods that induce differential health impacts. Furthermore, increases in the threat of environmental contamination can undermine the benefits of locally sourced foods for the profit of ultra-processed foods. These case studies demonstrate that: (i) the influence of globalization on food systems can be properly understood by integrating sociohistorical trajectories, socioeconomic and sociocultural context, ongoing local environmental issues and health determinants; and (ii) long-term and transverse monitoring is essential to understand the sustainability of local food systems vis-à-vis globalization.
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DOI : 10.3390/su15032376
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titre
Speciation and historical migration pattern interaction: examples from P. nigra and P. sylvestris phylogeography
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Krassimir D. Naydenov, Michel Naydenov, Alexander Alexandrov, Todor Gurov, Veselka Gyuleva, Georgi Hinkov, Sofiya Ivanovska, Anatoly Tsarev, Biljana Nikolic, Venceslas Goudiaby, Christopher Carcaillet, Roman Volosyanchuk, Srdjan Bojovic, Kole Vasilevski, Vlado Matevski, Lorenzo Peruzzi, Andreas Christou, Despina Paitaridou, Irina Goia, Salim Kamary, Suleyman Gulcu, Cengiz Ture, Faruk Bogunic
article
European Journal of Forest Research, 2023, 142 (1), pp.1-26. ⟨10.1007/s10342-022-01513-0⟩
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Abstract Here, from macrophylogeographic mtDNA empirical data, we propose a scenario for the evolution and speciation of two important forest trees, European black pine and Scotch pine, and their multiple subspecies and varieties. Molecular clock simulations revealed that INDEL variability in the Pinus mitochondrial genome is relatively old, i.e., from the Pliocene-Miocene epoch, and related to historical tectonic continental fluctuations rather than to climate change at a large geographic scale. For conservation and management biodiversity program recommendations, special attention is given to the relationships between different speciation models, historical migration patterns, and differences between peripheral and central populations. Species evolution involves the mixing of different speciation modes, and every speciation mode has different effects on different DNA types (e.g., mitochondrial vs. chloroplast vs. nuclear DNA). The misbalance between the contributions of different meta-population census sizes vs. effective population sizes to asymmetric migration patterns is the result of different genotypes (and subphylogenetic lines) responding to selection pressure and adaptive evolution. We propose initial minimal size of conservation unit (between 3 and 5 ha) from central and marginal natural area of distribution for both species in the dynamic management system for practical forest genetic diversity management. The proposed physical sizes were determined by the effective population size, effective radius of seed distribution data, forest density age dynamics, succession pattern, natural selection pressing and species biology [R-17].
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DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s10342-022-01513-0
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titre
Mineral Nanoparticle Aggregation Alters Contaminant Transport under Flow
auteur
Lian Zhou, Laurent Lassabatère, N Tan Luong, J.-F. Boily, Khalil Hanna
article
Environmental Science and Technology, 2023, 57, pp.2415−2422. ⟨10.1021/acs.est.2c09358⟩
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Iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle reactivity has been widely investigated, yet little is still known on how particle aggregation controls the mobility and transport of environmental compounds. Here, we examine how aggregates of goethite (α-FeOOH) nanoparticle deposited on 100-300 μm quartz particles (G(ag)CS) alter the transport of two emerging contaminants and two naturally occurring inorganic ligands-silicates and phosphates. Bromide tracer experiments showed no water fractionation into mobile and immobile water zones in an individual goethite-coated sand (GCS) column, whereas around 10% of the total water was immobile in a G(ag)CS column. Reactive compounds were, in contrast, considerably more mobile and affected by diffusion-limited processes. A new simulation approach coupling the mobile-immobile equation with surface complexation reactions to surface reactive sites suggests that ∼90% of the binding sites were likely within the intra-aggregate zones, and that the mass transfer between mobile and immobile fractions was the rate-limited step. The diffusion-controlled processes also affected synergetic and competitive binding, which have otherwise been observed for organic and inorganic compounds at goethite surfaces. These results thereby call for more attention on transport studies, where tracer or conservative tests are often used to describe the reactive transport of environmentally relevant molecules.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1021/acs.est.2c09358
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titre
Mammalian forelimb evolution is driven by uneven proximal-to-distal morphological diversity
auteur
Priscila Rothier, Anne-Claire Fabre, Julien Clavel, Roger Bj Benson, Anthony Herrel
article
eLife, 2023, 12 (e81492), ⟨10.7554/eLife.81492⟩
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Vertebrate limb morphology often reflects the environment due to variation in locomotor requirements. However, proximal and distal limb segments may evolve differently from one another, reflecting an anatomical gradient of functional specialization that has been suggested to be impacted by the timing of development. Here, we explore whether the temporal sequence of bone condensation predicts variation in the capacity of evolution to generate morphological diversity in proximal and distal forelimb segments across more than 600 species of mammals. Distal elements not only exhibit greater shape diversity, but also show stronger within-element integration and, on average, faster evolutionary responses than intermediate and upper limb segments. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that late developing distal bones display greater morphological variation than more proximal limb elements. However, the higher integration observed within the autopod deviates from such developmental predictions, suggesting that functional specialization plays an important role in driving within-element covariation. Proximal and distal limb segments also show different macroevolutionary patterns, albeit not showing a perfect proximo-distal gradient. The high disparity of the mammalian autopod, reported here, is consistent with the higher potential of development to generate variation in more distal limb structures, as well as functional specialization of the distal elements.
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DOI
DOI : 10.7554/eLife.81492
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titre
Functional Niche Partitioning Occurs over Body Size but Not Nutrient Reserves nor Melanism in a Polar Carabid Beetle along an Altitudinal Gradient
auteur
Diane Espel, Camille Coux, Luis R Pertierra, Pauline Eymar-Dauphin, Jonas J. Lembrechts, D Renault
article
Insects, 2023, 14 (2), pp.123. ⟨10.3390/insects14020123⟩
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Phenotypic plasticity can favor the emergence of different morphotypes specialized in specific ranges of environmental conditions. The existence of intraspecific partitioning confers resilience at the species scale and can ultimately determine species survival in a context of global changes. Amblystogenium pacificum is a carabid beetle endemic to the sub-Antarctic Crozet Islands, and it has two distinctive morphotypes based on body coloration. For this study, A. pacificum specimens of functional niches were sampled along an altitudinal gradient (as a proxy for temperature), and some morphological and biochemical traits were measured. We used an FAMD multivariate analysis and linear mixed-effects models to test whether these traits were related to morphotype, altitude, and sexual dimorphism. We then calculated and compared the functional niches at different altitudes and tested for niche partitioning through a hypervolume approach. We found a positive hump-shaped correlation between altitude and body size as well as higher protein and sugar reserves in females than in males. Our functional hypervolume results suggest that the main driver of niche partitioning along the altitudinal gradient is body size rather than morphotype or sex, even though darker morphotypes tended to be more functionally constrained at higher altitudes and females showed limited trait variations at the highest altitude.
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DOI
DOI : 10.3390/insects14020123
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titre
Temperature-dependent metabolic consequences of food deprivation in the European sardine
auteur
Elisa Thoral, Damien Roussel, Eric Gasset, Gilbert Dutto, Quentin Queiros, David Mckenzie, Jean-Hervé Bourdeix, Luisa Metral, Claire Saraux, Loïc Teulier
article
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2023, 226 (2), pp.jeb244984. ⟨10.1242/jeb.244984⟩
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Aquatic ecosystems can exhibit seasonal variation in resource availability and animals have evolved to cope with the associated caloric restriction. During winter in the NW Mediterranean Sea, the European sardine Sardina pilchardus naturally experiences caloric restriction owing to a decrease in the diversity and quantity of plankton. However, ongoing global warming has had deleterious effects on plankton communities such that food shortages may occur throughout the year, especially under warm conditions in the summer. We investigated the interactive effects of temperature and food availability on sardine metabolism by continuously monitoring whole-animal respiration of groups of control (fed) and food-deprived sardines over a 60-day experiment in winter (12°C) or summer (20°C) conditions under natural photoperiod. In addition, we measured mitochondrial respiration of red muscle fibres, biometric variables and energy reserves of individuals sampled at 30 and 60 days. This revealed that winter food deprivation elicits energy saving mechanisms at whole animal and cellular levels by maintaining a low metabolism to preserve energy reserves, allowing high levels of survival. By contrast, despite energy saving mechanisms at the mitochondrial level, whole animal metabolic rate was high during food deprivation in summer, causing increased consumption of energy reserves at the muscular level and high mortality after 60 days. Furthermore, a 5-day re-feeding did not improve survival, and mortalities continued, suggesting that long-term food deprivation at high temperatures causes profound stress in sardines that potentially impairs nutrient absorption.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1242/jeb.244984
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titre
Geographic origin and social status of the Gallic warriors from Ribemont‐sur‐Ancre (France) studied through isotope systematics of bone remains
auteur
Thibault Clauzel, Pascale Richardin, Jannick Ricard, Gilles Prilaux, Jeremy E. Martin, Romain Amiot, François Fourel, Anh Nguyen Van, Florent Arnaud-Godet, Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier, Jean‐pierre Flandrois, Christophe Lécuyer
article
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2023, 33 (1), pp.39-50. ⟨10.1002/oa.3172⟩
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DOI
DOI : 10.1002/oa.3172
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titre
The global EPTO database: Worldwide occurrences of aquatic insects
auteur
Afroditi Grigoropoulou, Suhaila Ab Hamid, Raúl Acosta, Emmanuel Olusegun Akindele, Salman Al-Shami, Florian Altermatt, Giuseppe Amatulli, David Angeler, Francis Arimoro, Jukka Aroviita, Anna Astorga-Roine, Rafael Costa Bastos, Núria Bonada, Nikos Boukas, Cecilia Brand, Vanessa Bremerich, Alex Bush, Qinghua Cai, Marcos Callisto, Kai Chen, Paulo Vilela Cruz, Olivier Dangles, Russell Death, Xiling Deng, Eduardo Domínguez, David Dudgeon, Tor Erik Eriksen, Ana Paula J. Faria, Maria João Feio, Camino Fernández-Aláez, Mathieu Floury, Francisco García-Criado, Jorge García-Girón, Wolfram Graf, Mira Grönroos, Peter Haase, Neusa Hamada, Fengzhi He, Jani Heino, Ralph Holzenthal, Kaisa‐leena Huttunen, Dean Jacobsen, Sonja Jähnig, Walter Jetz, Richard Johnson, Leandro Juen, Vincent Kalkman, Vassiliki Kati, Unique Keke, Ricardo Koroiva, Mathias Kuemmerlen, Simone Daniela Langhans, Raphael Ligeiro, Kris van Looy, Alain Maasri, Richard Marchant, Jaime Ricardo Garcia Marquez, Renato Martins, Adriano Melo, Leon Metzeling, Maria Laura Miserendino, S. Jannicke Moe, Carlos Molineri, Timo Muotka, Kaisa‐riikka Mustonen, Heikki Mykrä, Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante Do Nascimento, Francisco Valente-Neto, Peter Neu, Carolina Nieto, Steffen Pauls, Dennis Paulson, Blanca Rios-Touma, Marciel Elio Rodrigues, Fabio de Oliveira Roque, Juan Carlos Salazar Salina, Dénes Schmera, Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber, Deep Narayan Shah, John Simaika, Tadeu Siqueira, Ram Devi Tachamo-Shah, Günther Theischinger, Ross Thompson, Jonathan Tonkin, Yusdiel Torres-Cambas, Colin Townsend, Eren Turak, Laura Twardochleb, Beixin Wang, Liubov Yanygina, Carmen Zamora-Muñoz, Sami Domisch
article
Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2023, 32 (5), pp.642-655. ⟨10.1111/geb.13648⟩
resume
Motivation Aquatic insects comprise 64% of freshwater animal diversity and are widely used as bioindicators to assess water quality impairment and freshwater ecosystem health, as well as to test ecological hypotheses. Despite their importance, a comprehensive, global database of aquatic insect occurrences for mapping freshwater biodiversity in macroecological studies and applied freshwater research is missing. We aim to fill this gap and present the Global EPTO Database , which includes worldwide geo‐referenced aquatic insect occurrence records for four major taxa groups: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Odonata (EPTO). Main type of variables contained A total of 8,368,467 occurrence records globally, of which 8,319,689 (99%) are publicly available. The records are attributed to the corresponding drainage basin and sub‐catchment based on the Hydrography90m dataset and are accompanied by the elevation value, the freshwater ecoregion and the protection status of their location. Spatial location and grain The database covers the global extent, with 86% of the observation records having coordinates with at least four decimal digits (11.1 m precision at the equator) in the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) coordinate reference system. Time period and grain Sampling years span from 1951 to 2021. Ninety‐nine percent of the records have information on the year of the observation, 95% on the year and month, while 94% have a complete date. In the case of seven sub‐datasets, exact dates can be retrieved upon communication with the data contributors. Major taxa and level of measurement Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Odonata, standardized at the genus taxonomic level. We provide species names for 7,727,980 (93%) records without further taxonomic verification. Software format The entire tab‐separated value (.csv) database can be downloaded and visualized at https://glowabio.org/project/epto_database/ . Fifty individual datasets are also available at https://fred.igb‐berlin.de , while six datasets have restricted access. For the latter, we share metadata and the contact details of the authors.
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DOI : 10.1111/geb.13648
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titre
Soil‐dependent β and γ shape parameters of the Haverkamp infiltration model for 3D infiltration flow
auteur
D. Yilmaz, L. Lassabatere, D. Moret-Fernandez, M. Rahmati, R. Angulo-Jaramillo, B. Latorre
article
Hydrological Processes, 2023, 37 (6), pp.e14928. ⟨10.1002/hyp.14928⟩
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Estimating of soil sorptivity (S) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) parameters by field infiltration tests are widespread due to the ease of the experimental protocol and data treatment. The analytical equation proposed by Haverkamp et al. (1994) allows the modelling of the cumulative infiltration process, from which the hydraulic parameters can be estimated. This model depends on both initial and final values of the soil hydraulic conductivity, initial soil sorptivity, the volumetric water content increase (Δθ) and two infiltration constants, the so-called β and γ parameters. However, to reduce the num- ber of unknown variables when inverting experimental data, constant parameters such as β and γ are usually prefixed to 0.6 and 0.75, respectively. In this study, the values of these constants are investigated using numerical infiltration curves for different soil types and initial soil water contents for the van Genuchten-Mualem (vGM) soil hydraulic model. Our new approach considers the long-time expansions of the Haver- kamp model, the exact soil properties such as S, Ks and initial soil moisture to derive the value of the β and γ parameters for each specific case. We then generated numeri- cally cumulative infiltration curves using Hydrus-3D software and fitted the long-time expansions to derive the value of the β and γ parameters. The results show that these parameters are influenced by the initial soil water content and the soil type. However, for initially dry soil conditions, some prefixed values can be proposed instead of the currently used values. If an accurate estimate of S and Ks is the case, then for coarse- textured soils such as sand and loamy sand, we propose the use of 0.9 for both con- stants. For the remaining soils, the value of 0.75 can be retained for γ. For β constant, 0.75 and 1.5 values can be considered for, intermediate permeable soils (sandy loam and loam) and low permeable soils (silty loam and silt), respectively. We clarify that the results are based on using the vGM model to describe the hydraulic functions of the soil and that the results may differ, and the assumptions may change for other models.
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DOI : 10.1002/hyp.14928
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titre
Determination of water balance maintenance in Orcinus orca and Tursiops truncatus using oxygen isotopes
auteur
Nicolas Séon, Isabelle Brasseur, Christopher Scala, Théo Tacail, Sidonie Catteau, François Fourel, Peggy Vincent, Christophe Lécuyer, Guillaume Suan, Sylvain Charbonnier, Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier, Romain Amiot
article
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2023, 226 (23), ⟨10.1242/jeb.245648⟩
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The secondary adaptation of Cetacea to a fully marine lifestyle raises the question of their ability to maintain their water balance in a hyperosmotic environment. Cetacea have access to four potential sources of water: surrounding salt oceanic water, dietary free water, metabolic water and inhaled water vapor to a lesser degree. Here, we measured the 18O/16O oxygen isotope ratio of blood plasma from thirteen specimens belonging to two species of Cetacea raised under human care (four killer whales Orcinus orca, nine common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus) to investigate and quantify the contribution of preformed water (dietary free water, surrounding salt oceanic water) and metabolic water to Cetacea body water using a box-modelling approach. The oxygen isotope composition of Cetacea blood plasmas indicates that dietary free water and metabolic water contribute to more than 90% of the total water inputs in weight for cetaceans, with the remaining 10% consisting of inhaled water vapor and surrounding water accidentally ingested or absorbed through the skin. Moreover, the contribution of metabolic water appears to be more important in organisms with a more lipid-rich diet. Beyond these physiological and conservation biology implications, this study opens up questions that need to be addressed, such as the applicability of the oxygen isotope composition of cetacean body fluids and skeletal elements as an environmental proxy of the oxygen isotope composition of present and past marine waters.
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DOI : 10.1242/jeb.245648
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The ecological role of permanent ponds in Europe: a review of dietary linkages to terrestrial ecosystems via emerging insects
auteur
Lena Fehlinger, Benjamin Misteli, Daniel Morant, Noël Juvigny-Khenafou, David Cunillera-Montcusí, Fernando Chaguaceda, Olivera Stamenković, Julie Fahy, Vojtěch Kolář, Dariusz Halabowski, Liam Nash, Ellinor Jakobsson, Veronica Nava, Pietro Tirozzi, Pablo Urrutia Cordero, Julien Mocq, Alba Camacho Santamans, Jose Manuel Zamora, Pierre Marle, Teofana Chonova, Luca Bonacina, Margaux Mathieu-Resuge, Ena Suarez, Stephen Osakpolor, Pablo Timoner, Vesela Evtimova, Darmina Nita, Bruno Carreira, Kálmán Tapolczai, Joana Martelo, Rémi Gerber, Valentin Dinu, Jorge Henriques, Géza Selmeczy, Biljana Rimcheska
article
Inland Waters, 2023, 13, pp.30-46. ⟨10.1080/20442041.2022.2111180⟩
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Permanent ponds are valuable freshwater systems and biodiversity hotspots. They provide diverse ecosystem services (ES), including water quality improvement and supply, food provisioning and biodiversity support. This is despite being under significant pressure from multiple anthropogenic stressors and the impacts of ongoing global change. However, ponds are largely overlooked in management plans and legislation, and ecological research has focused on large freshwater ecosystems, such as rivers or lakes. Protection of ponds is often insufficient or indirectly provided via associated habitats such as wetlands. This phenomenon is likely exacerbated due to lacking a full-scale understanding of the importance of ponds. In this review, we provided a detailed overview of permanent ponds across Europe, including their usages and the biodiversity they support. By discussing the concepts of pondscape and metacommunity theory, we highlighted the importance of connectivity among and between ponds and identified fluxes of emerging insects as another ES of ponds. Those insects are rich in essential nutrients such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are delivered through them to the terrestrial environment, however the extent and impact of this ES remains largely unexplored. Several potential stressors, especially related to ongoing global change, which influence pond diversity and integrity were discussed. To conclude this review, we provided our insights on future pond management. Adaptive measures, taking into account the pond system per se within the pondscape, were found to be the most promising to mitigate the loss of natural ponds and restore and conserve natural small water bodies as refuges and diversity hotspots in increasingly urbanized landscapes.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1080/20442041.2022.2111180
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titre
High-Latitude Dinosaur Nesting Strategies during the Latest Cretaceous in North-Eastern Russia
auteur
Romain Amiot, Lina B Golovneva, Pascal Godefroit, Jean Goedert, Géraldine Garcia, Christophe Lécuyer, François Fourel, Alexei B Herman, Robert A Spicer
article
Diversity, 2023, 15 (4), pp.565. ⟨10.3390/d15040565⟩
resume
Dinosaur eggshell fragments attributed to the oofamilies Spheroolithidae and Prismatoolithidae and recovered from the latest Cretaceous Kakanaut Formation of North-eastern Russia (Chukotka) constitute one of the northernmost records of dinosaur reproductive behaviors. The high palaeolatitude of the locality (~75° N), as well as the cool near-polar climate, where summer temperatures only averaged 20 °C during the warmest month, dark near-freezing winters and egg incubation that could have lasted several months, raise questions about dinosaur reproductive strategies, particularly in terms of the timing of egg laying. In order to investigate seasonal aspects of Kakanaut dinosaur reproductions, carbonate from eggshell fragments have been analyzed for their oxygen and carbon isotope compositions, along with the oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of apatite phosphate and structural carbonate of associated theropod, hadrosaur and ankylosaur teeth as well as lepisosteid fish scales. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of eggshells from the Kakanaut Formation together with those of associated adult dinosaur teeth and fish scales reveal differences in mineralization timing between eggshells and teeth and show that eggs were laid at the very beginning of spring when snowmelt drained from nearby highlands. We propose that Kakanaut dinosaurs laid their eggs at the very beginning of spring in order to accommodate an incubation period that lasted several months. This timing would also benefit from mild temperatures and increasing food availability when the eggs hatch, allowing the hatchlings to grow large enough to survive the next winter or perhaps follow adult animals in their migration southwards.
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DOI
DOI : 10.3390/d15040565
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titre
Interactions between microbial activity and bioturbation modes of benthic invertebrates determine nutrient releases from reservoir sediments
auteur
Edwige Gautreau, Laurence Volatier, Géraldine Nogaro, Emma Gouze, Pierre Marmonier, Florian Mermillod-Blondin
article
Freshwater Biology, 2023, 68, pp.245-259. ⟨10.1111/fwb.14021⟩
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1. Bioturbating invertebrates play key roles in nutrient recycling from sediments to the water column in most lentic ecosystems. Nevertheless, the role of bioturbating fauna on nutrient cycling depends on complex interactions between their bioturbation modes and both the sedimentary conditions and the microbial activity occurring inside sediments. 2. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different bioturbation modes by two invertebrate species (tubificid worm Tubifex tubifex and chironomid larvae of Chironomus plumosus), on the release of nutrients (NH4+, NO3−, and PO43−) from three different types of sediments characterised by distinct microbial activities and nutrient (N and P) contents. We expected that the influence of a bioturba- tion mode on nutrient fluxes was dependent on the microbial activity and or- ganic matter processes occurring in sediments. 3. Aquatic mesocosms were setup in the laboratory with three fauna treatments (i.e. without fauna, with tubificid worms, and with chironomid larvae) and three sediment types (collected in three reservoirs). 4. The presence of bioturbating invertebrates increased PO43− concentrations into the water column (from 1.3- to 17-fold higher concentrations) depending on the sediments tested. PO43− releases in the water column were positively linked to total P concentration and microbial activity in sediments. The influences of tubificid worms and chironomid larvae on PO43− releases into the water were not only due to their bioturbation modes but also depended on the interactions with P dynamics (e.g. adsorption of PO43− by iron oxides) at the water–sediment interface. 5. The influence of fauna on the release of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) varied strongly among sediments due to the control of N cycling by microbial processes. In sediments characterised by the lowest microbial activity, DIN release from sediments to the water column was significantly stimulated by invertebrates (from 1.3- to 3.7-fold higher). In contrast, no fauna effect was de- tected compared to controls in sediments characterised by the highest microbial activity. 6. This study demonstrated that the influence of the bioturbation mode on nutri- ent (i.e. PO43− and DIN) dynamics at the water sediment interface was largely modulated by the intensity of microbial activity and biogeochemical processes occurring in sediments.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/fwb.14021
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titre
Inferring odontocete life history traits in dentine using a multiproxy approach (δ 15 N, δ 44/42 Ca and trace elements)
auteur
Jeremy E Martin, Théo Tacail, Laurent Simon, Auguste Hassler, Philippe Télouk, Vincent Balter
article
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2023, 37 (19), pp.e9612. ⟨10.1002/rcm.9612⟩
resume
Rationale Understanding the interactions between marine mammals and their environment is critical for ecological and conservation purposes. Odontocetes offer a continuous record of their life history from birth as recorded in annual increments of their tooth dentine. Because dentine is not remodeled and contains collagen, nitrogen stable isotope compositions (δ 15 N) reflect nursing and weaning events, life history traits that would otherwise be impossible to retrieve in such elusive marine animals. Yet, capturing the magnitude and temporal changes in these events is constrained by tooth size and sampling resolution. Moreover, historical and fossil specimens undergo collagen decay, hence the need to develop the measurements of other proxies. Methods Here, we present a multiproxy approach to investigate the use of Ca isotope compositions (δ 44/42 Ca) in relation to δ 15 N and laser ablation profiles for different trace metal (Ba, Mg, Sr, Zn) concentrations across the dentine of a single individual of the common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus . Results To help interpret the dentine data, we provide milk elemental compositions and δ 44/42 Ca values for two odontocete individuals. We discuss the observed changes in δ 44/42 Ca across the dentine as potential markers of birth, weaning interval, incidental ingestion of seawater, trophic level and physiology. Incidental ingestion of seawater during nursing induces a positive offset in δ 44/42 Ca values recorded in the early formed dentine. Conclusions Life history parameters of individual marine mammals are extremely difficult to retrieve due to limitations in observing specimens in the wild and the methodology presented here offers new ecological and paleoecological perspectives.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1002/rcm.9612
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titre
Tree dieback, woody plant diversity, and ecosystem driven by topography in semi-arid mountain forests: Implication for ecosystem management
auteur
Mehdi Heydari, Javad Cheraghi, Reza Omidipour, Mahmood Rostaminia, Yahya Kooch, Orsolya Valkó, Christopher Carcaillet
article
Journal of Environmental Management, 2023, 339, pp.117892. ⟨10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117892⟩
resume
Mountain landscapes are highly heterogeneous due to topography, notably positions along slope and slope shapes, which control ecosystem mechanisms. We hypothesized that tree dieback is controlled by topography, selecting productive and less diverse communities in lower slopes, and stress-resistant and more diverse com- munities on upper slopes. Understanding how this heterogeneity drives vegetation patterns should provide benchmarks for ecosystem management of mountain forest dominated by Quercus brantii. Woody communities were sampled along convex vs concave topography (i.e., ridge vs talweg), and with measurements of tree dieback severity, environmental variables (litter depth, soil quality, rock outcrop), stand structure (canopy cover, mistletoe infestation, tree diameter and height, diameter and height differentiations, oaks’ number from sprout- clumps or seed-origin), and biodiversity. Slope position was the most significant driver that affected all variables, excepted evenness. Dieback severity was higher on slope shoulders and summits, and lower in lower slopes where trees were the most productive: taller, larger, more homogeneous, and mostly seed-origin. Catena shape affected the diversity and dieback severity, both higher in talwegs, but had no effect on environmental variables and little on stand structure. Outputs indicate that the higher diversity of woody plants is on upper slopes supporting stress-resistant community associated with more severe dieback and mistletoe infection probably because frugivore birds attracted by the shrubs’ fruits. Semi-arid forest management must consider the shaped- slope ecosystem heterogeneity by preserving ridges that are more susceptible to tree dieback, and naturally support biodiversity. Restoration measures on lower fertile slopes could be carried out by oak planting or seedlings under the cover of shrubs to counter dieback effects and environmental stresses. In addition, forestry measures can be taken in lower positions for the conversion of coppice to high oak forest to potentially consider a moderate forestry.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117892
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titre
Palaeoclimate and fossil woods - is the use of mean sensitivity sensible?
auteur
Marc Philippe
article
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 2023, 68 (4), pp.561-569. ⟨10.4202/app.01108.2023⟩
resume
The growth rings of fossil wood provide valuable data on tree ecology. As many of the parameters controlling width are climatic, it is tempting to use these rings as an indicator of climate. This is what has been done, with great success, by dendrochronological studies of archaeological wood. For wood dating from before the Pleistocene, however, the task is more uncertain. Since around 1980, researchers have relied mainly on a statistical parameter, the mean sensitivity, an average of the difference in width between two consecutive rings. However, there has never been a critical examina- tion of utility and significance of this parameter for fossil wood. I compiled 63 studies that used mean sensitivity for palaeoclimatological inferences. An analysis of this compilation is presented here. Despite its ups and downs since the 1980’s, mean sensitivity is increasingly used by palaeobotanists. However, it has been used in very different ways. The values obtained for the same fossil can vary greatly from one researcher to another, but also according to the radii of the woody axis considered. Within fossil wood assemblages, average sensitivity varies widely, but rarely consistently. Overall, mean sensitivity values are continuously, normally and unimodally distributed, and therefore are unsuitable for characterising discrete climate classes. Finally, it seems that the most recent studies are also the least cautious when it comes to interpreting the values obtained.
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DOI : 10.4202/app.01108.2023
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titre
Early Triassic chondrichthyans from the Zuodeng Section, Guangxi Province, South China: Palaeobiological and palaeobiogeographical implications
auteur
Jiachun Li, Zuoyu Sun, Gilles Cuny, Dayong Jiang
article
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2023, 624, pp.111635. ⟨10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111635⟩
resume
The Early Triassic chondrichthyans from China has been insufficiently studied. We herein present a taxonomic study of a diverse chondrichthyan fauna from the Luolou Formation at the Zuodeng section in Guangxi Province, South China. Nine elasmobranch taxa are recognized, including two hybodonts (Omanoselache halli and Hybodus sp.), three neoselachians (Safrodus tozeri, Polyfaciodus pandus and Synechodus aff. triangulus) and four euselachians of uncertain affinities (Favusodus orientalis, Euselachii gen. et sp. indet., 'Hybodus' zuodengensis and 'Hybodus' yohi). A statistical analysis shows that the shark palaeocommunity had a high diversity and evenness, and a low dominance, indicating that the archipelagic Nanpanjiang Basin probably allowed the thriving of euselachian sharks. Their diverse morphologies indicate that the fauna demonstrated adaptation for a wide diversity of feeding strategies, including grasping-crushing, grasping-swallowing and sharp-grasping. Palaeobiogeographically, trans-Tethyan taxa reveal a shark dispersion path between the western Neo-Tethys (Oman) and eastern Palaeo-Tethys (Zuodeng) in the Early Triassic.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111635
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titre
Microbiome analysis in Lascaux Cave in relation to black stain alterations of rock surfaces and collembola
auteur
Lise Alonso, Thomas Pommier, Laurent Simon, Flavien Maucourt, Jeanne Doré, Audrey Dubost, Van Tran Van, Guillaume Minard, Claire Valiente Moro, Christophe J Douady, Yvan Moënne-Loccoz
article
Environmental Microbiology Reports, 2023, 15 (2), pp.80-91. ⟨10.1111/1758-2229.13133⟩
resume
Anthropization of Palaeolithic caves open for tourism may favour collembola invasion and result in the formation of black stains attributed to pigmented fungi. However, ecological processes underpinning black stain formation are not fully understood. Here, we tested the hypotheses that black stains from the Apse room of Lascaux Cave display a specific microbiota enriched in pigmented fungi, and that collembola thriving on the stains have the potential to consume and disseminate these black fungi. Metabarcoding showed that the microbiota of black stains and neighbouring unstained parts strongly differed, with in black stains a higher prevalence of Ochroconis and other pigmented fungi and the strong regression of Pseudomonas bacteria (whose isolates inhibited in vitro the growth of pigmented fungi). Isotopic analyses indicated that Folsomia candida collembola thriving on stains could feed on black stain in situ and assimilate the pigmented fungi they were fed with in vitro. They could carry these fungi and disseminate them when tested with complex black stains from Lascaux. This shows that black stain formation is linked to the development of pigmented fungi, which coin- cides with the elimination of antagonistic pseudomonads, and points towards a key role of F. candida collembola in the dynamics of pigmented fungi.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/1758-2229.13133
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titre
Biotic and abiotic drivers of aquatic plant communities in shallow pools and wallows on the sub‐Antarctic Iles Kerguelen
auteur
Pauline Douce, Florian Mermillod‐blondin, Laurent Simon, Sylvain Dolédec, Pauline Eymar‐dauphin, David Renault, Cécile Sulmon, Félix Vallier, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere
article
Polar Biology, 2023, 46, pp.303-318. ⟨10.1007/s00300-023-03122-y⟩
resume
In the sub-Antarctic region, climate change is particularly rapid, while their freshwater ecosystems, such as ponds, host plant species with limited spatial distributions. These particular systems and their plant communities remain however poorly known and the context of their changing habitat calls for deeper insights into these systems. We performed an extensive survey of 45 ponds over three locations of the Iles Kerguelen during the winter and summer seasons of two years, which included the measurement of 12 abiotic parameters and the assessment of the plant community composition. Overall, our results showed that Iles Kerguelen ponds are shallow freshwater ecosystems harbouring species-poor plant communities with high even- ness, of which structure did not vary among the sampled locations. Three different habitats were identified among ponds in relation with nutrient supply by marine animals, which ultimately influenced plant community structure and cover. We highlight that these habitats are mostly determined by water depth, nutrients, and temperature (mean and variance). Present plant community composition was more strongly correlated with plant community composition in the previous year than with abiotic conditions. Overall, this study provides new knowledge on the aquatic plant communities and the functioning of Iles Kerguelen freshwater ecosystems, which can serve as a basis for future studies dealing with the impact of climate change in the sub-Antarctic region.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s00300-023-03122-y
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titre
The allometry of mitochondrial efficiency is tissue dependent: a comparison between skeletal and cardiac muscles of birds
auteur
Jessica Barbe, Julia Watson, Damien Roussel, Yann Voituron
article
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2023, 226 (23), ⟨10.1242/jeb.246299⟩
resume
Body mass is known to be a fundamental driver of many biological traits, including metabolism. However, the effect of body mass on mitochondrial energy transduction is still poorly understood and has mainly been described in mammals. Using 13 species of birds ranging from 15 g (finches) to 160 kg (ostrich), we report here that the mitochondrial production of ATP, and the corresponding oxygen consumption, are negatively dependent on body mass in skeletal muscles but not in the heart. Results also showed that mitochondrial efficiency was positively correlated with body mass at sub-maximal phosphorylating states in the skeletal muscle, but not in the heart. This difference between muscle tissues is potentially linked to the difference in energetic demand expandability and the heavy involvement of skeletal muscle in thermoregulation.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1242/jeb.246299
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titre
A 34-year survey under phosphorus decline and warming: Consequences on stoichiometry and functional trait composition of freshwater macroinvertebrate communities
auteur
Miriam Beck, Elise Billoir, Mathieu Floury, Philippe Usseglio-Polatera, Michael Danger
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 858, Part 3, pp.159786. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159786⟩
resume
Worldwide, freshwater systems are subjected to increasing temperatures and nutrient changes. Under phosphorus and nitrogen enrichment consumer communities are often thought to shift towards fast-growing and P-rich taxa, supporting the well-known link between growth rate and body stoichiometry. While these traits are also favoured under warming, the temperature effect on stoichiometry is less clear. As recently shown, there is a general link between functional traits and body stoichiometry, which makes the integration of stoichiometric traits a promising tool to help understanding the mechanisms behind taxonomic and functional community responses to nutrient changes and/or warming. Yet, such approaches have been scarcely developed at community level and on a long-term perspective. In this study, we investigated long-term responses in stoichiometry and functional trait composition of macroinvertebrate communities to nutrient changes (decreasing water P; increasing water N:P) and warming over a 34-year period in the Middle Loire River (France), testing the potentially opposing responses to these drivers. Both drivers should cause shifts in species composition, which will alter the overall community stoichiometry and functional composition following assumptions from ecological stoichiometry theory. We found that the macroinvertebrate community shifted towards P-poor taxa, causing significant trends in overall community stoichiometry which indicates long-term changes in the nutrient pool provided by these consumers (i.e. decrease in %N and %P, increase in N:P). Further, while the former high-P conditions favoured traits associated to detritus feeding and fast development (i.e. small maximum body size, short life duration), recent conditions favoured predators and slow-developing taxa. These results suggest nutrients to be a more important driver than temperature over this period. By providing a pivotal link between environmental changes and functional trait composition of communities, approaches based on stoichiometric traits offer sound perspectives to investigate ecological relationships between multiple drivers operating at various scales and ecosystem functioning
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159786
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titre
Mixed formulation for an easy and robust numerical computation of sorptivity
auteur
Laurent Lassabatere, Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau, Deniz Yilmaz, Joseph Pollacco, Jesús Fernández-Gálvez, Borja Latorre, David Moret-Fernández, Simone Di Prima, Mehdi Rahmati, Ryan Stewart, Majdi Abou Najm, Claude Hammecker, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo
article
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2023, 27 (4), pp.895-915. ⟨10.5194/hess-27-895-2023⟩
resume
Sorptivity is one of the most important parameters for the quantification of water infiltration into soils. Parlange (1975) proposed a specific formulation to derive sorptivity as a function of the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions, as well as initial and final soil water contents. However, this formulation requires the integration of a function involving hydraulic diffusivity, which may be undefined or present numerical difficulties that cause numerical misestimations. In this study, we propose a mixed formulation that scales sorptivity and splits the integrals into two parts: the first term involves the scaled degree of saturation, while the second involves the scaled water pressure head. The new mixed formulation is shown to be robust and well-suited to any type of hydraulic function – even with infinite hydraulic diffusivity or positive air-entry water pressure heads – and any boundary condition, including infinite initial water pressure head, h→-∞. Lastly, we show the benefits of using the proposed formulation for modeling water into soil with analytical models that use sorptivity.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.5194/hess-27-895-2023
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titre
Determination of groundwater origins and vulnerability based on multi-tracer investigations: New contributions from passive sampling and suspect screening approach
auteur
Lucie Pinasseau, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Aurélie Fildier, François Fourel, Félix Vallier, Ludovic Guillard, Laure Wiest, Laurence Volatier
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 876, pp.162750. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162750⟩
resume
Knowledge about groundwater origins and their interactions with surface water is fundamental to assess their vulner- ability. In this context, hydrochemical and isotopic tracers are useful tools to investigate water origins and mixing. More recent studies examined the relevance of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) as co-tracers to distinguish sources contributing to groundwater bodies. However, these studies focused on known and targeted CECs a priori se- lected regarding their origin and/or concentrations. This study aimed to improve these multi-tracer approaches using passive sampling and qualitative suspect screening by exploring a larger variety of historical and emerging concern contaminants in combination with hydrochemistry and water molecule isotopes. With this objective, an in-situ study was conducted in a drinking water catchment area located in an alluvial aquifer recharged by several water sources (both surface and groundwater sources). CECs determined by passive sampling and suspect screening allowed to provide in-depth chemical fingerprints of groundwater bodies by enabling the investigation of >2500 compounds with an increased analytical sensitivity. Obtained cocktails of CECs were discriminating enough to be used as chemical tracer in combination with hydrochemical and isotopic tracers. In addition, the occurrence and type of CECs contrib- uted to a better understanding of groundwater-surface water interactions and highlighted short-time hydrological pro- cesses. Furthermore, the use of passive sampling with suspect screening analysis of CECs lead to a more realistic assessment and mapping of groundwater vulnerability.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162750
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titre
Impact of climate change on groundwater recharge in shallow young glacial aquifers in northern Poland
auteur
Anna Gumuła-Kawęcka, Beata Jaworska-Szulc, Adam Szymkiewicz, Wioletta Gorczewska-Langner, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Jirka Šimůnek
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 877, pp.162904. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162904⟩
resume
We investigated the influence of climate change in the period 1951–2020 on shallow aquifers in the Brda and Wda out- wash plains (Pomeranian Region, Northern Poland). There was a significant temperature rise (0.3 °C/10 years), which ac- celerated after 1980 (0.66 °C/10 years). Precipitation became increasingly irregular – extremely rainy years occurred right after or before extremely dry years, and intensive rainfall events became more frequent after 2000. The groundwater level decreased over the last 20 years, even though the average annual precipitation was higher than in the previous 50 years. We carried out numerical simulations of water flow in representative soil profiles for the years 1970–2020 using the HYDRUS-1D model, developed and calibrated during our earlier work at an experimental site in the Brda outwash plain (Gumuła-Kawęcka et al., 2022). We used a relationship between the water head and flux at the bottom of the soil profiles (the third-type boundary condition) to reproduce groundwater table fluctuations caused by recharge variability in time. The calculated daily recharge showed a decreasing linear trend for the last 20 years (0.05–0.06 mm d−1/ 10 years), and dropping trends in water table level and soil water content in the entire profile of vadose zone. Field tracer experiments were performed to estimate impact of extremely rain events on water flux in vadose zone. The results suggest that tracer travel times are strongly determined by water content in the unsaturated zone which is determined by precip- itation amount in span of weeks, rather than extremely high precipitation events.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162904
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titre
The aerotaxis of Dictyostelium discoideum is independent of mitochondria, nitric oxide and oxidative stress
auteur
Satomi Hirose, Julie Hesnard, Nasser Ghazi, Damien Roussel, Yann Voituron, Olivier Cochet-Escartin, J.-P. Rieu, Christophe Anjard, Kenichi Funamoto
article
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2023, 11, pp.1134011. ⟨10.3389/fcell.2023.1134011⟩
resume
Spatial and temporal variations of oxygen environments affect the behaviors of various cells and are involved in physiological and pathological events. Our previous studies with Dictyostelium discoideum as a model of cell motility have demonstrated that aerotaxis toward an oxygen-rich region occurs below 2% O2. However, while the aerotaxis of Dictyostelium seems to be an effective strategy to search for what is essential for survival, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is still largely unclear. One hypothesis is that an oxygen concentration gradient generates a secondary oxidative stress gradient that would direct cell migration towards higher oxygen concentration. Such mechanism was inferred but not fully demonstrated to explain the aerotaxis of human tumor cells. Here, we investigated the role on aerotaxis of flavohemoglobins, proteins that can both act as potential oxygen sensors and modulators of nitric oxide and oxidative stress. The migratory behaviors of Dictyostelium cells were observed under both self-generated and imposed oxygen gradients. Furthermore, their changes by chemicals generating or preventing oxidative stress were tested. The trajectories of the cells were then analyzed through time-lapse phase-contrast microscopic images. The results indicate that both oxidative and nitrosative stresses are not involved in the aerotaxis of Dictyostelium but cause cytotoxic effects that are enhanced upon hypoxia.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.3389/fcell.2023.1134011
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titre
Decrease in Soil Functionalities and Herbs’ Diversity, but Not That of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Linked to Short Fire Interval in Semi-Arid Oak Forest Ecosystem, West Iran
auteur
Javad Mirzaei, Mehdi Heydari, Reza Omidipour, Nahid Jafarian, Christopher Carcaillet
article
Plants, 2023, 12 (5), pp.1112. ⟨10.3390/plants12051112⟩
resume
The semi-arid forest ecosystems of western Iran dominated by Quercus brantii are often disturbed by wildfires. Here, we assessed the effects of short fire intervals on the soil properties and community diversity of herbaceous plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as well as the interactions between these ecosystem features. Plots burned once or twice within 10 years were compared to unburned plots over a long time period (control sites). Soil physical properties were not affected by the short fire interval, except bulk density, which increased. Soil geochemical and biological properties were affected by the fires. Soil organic matter and nitrogen concentrations were depleted by two fires. Short intervals impaired microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, substrate-induced respiration, and urease enzyme activity. The successive fires affected the AMF’s Shannon diversity. The diversity of the herb community increased after one fire and dropped after two, indicating that the whole community structure was altered. Two fires had greater direct than indirect effects on plant and fungal diversity, as well as soil properties. Short-interval fires depleted soil functional properties and reduced herb diversity. With short-interval fires probably fostered by anthropogenic climate change, the functionalities of this semi-arid oak forest could collapse, necessitating fire mitigation.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.3390/plants12051112
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titre
Sediment reworking of intertidal sediments by the benthic foraminifera Haynesina germanica : the importance of motion behaviour and densities
auteur
Noémie Deldicq, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Vincent M P Bouchet
article
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2023, 290 (1994), ⟨10.1098/rspb.2023.0193⟩
resume
This study aimed to describe for the first time the vertical motion behaviour of the intertidal foraminifera Haynesina germanica and its contribution to bioturbation. Its infaunal behaviour leads to the creation of a one-end tube within the first centimetre of sediment. In addition, a vertical trail following behaviour was described for the first time in foraminifera, which may be linked to the sustainability of the biogenic sedimentary structures. As a consequence, H. germanica produces a vertical transport of both mud and fine sediment fractions similarly to the sediment reworking mode reported for gallery-diffusor benthic species. This finding allows us to refine the bioturbating mode of H. germanica , previously classified as surficial biodiffusor. Furthermore, sediment reworking intensity appeared to be dependent on the foraminiferal density. H. germanica would adapt its motion behaviour to deal with the intra-specific competition for food and space that may occur when density increases. Consequently, this behavioural modification would affect both the species and the individual contribution to sediment reworking processes. In fine , sediment reworking in H. germanica may further contribute to the bioirrigation of intertidal sediments, which has implications for oxygen availability in sediments and on aerobic microbial processes involved in carbon and nutrient cycling at the sediment–water interface.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2023.0193
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titre
First record of hybodont egg capsules from the Jurassic of Thailand
auteur
Gilles Cuny, Phornphen Chanthasit
article
Annales de Paléontologie, 2023, 109 (4), pp.102652. ⟨10.1016/j.annpal.2023.102652⟩
resume
Two egg capsules of Palaeoxyris sp. are reported from the Jurassic Phu Kradung Formation in the Khorat Plateau, northeastern Thailand. As the record of this genus remains rare in the Jurassic, it complements its stratigraphic distribution. Most importantly, it represents the first unambiguous evidence that some hybodont sharks from the Mesozoic of Thailand were able to reproduce in fresh waters, even if it is not yet possible to identify which species in particular.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.annpal.2023.102652
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https://hal.science/hal-04554739/file/Cuny%202023%20preprint.pdf BibTex
titre
A new Early Triassic crinoid from Nevada questions the origin and palaeobiogeographical history of dadocrinids
auteur
Thomas Saucède, Christopher Smith, Nicolas Olivier, Christophe Durlet, Pierre Gueriau, Mathieu Thoury, Emmanuel Fara, Gilles Escarguel, Arnaud Brayard
article
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 2023, 68 (1), pp.155-166. ⟨10.4202/app.01042.2022⟩
resume
Knowledge of the early evolution of post-Palaeozoic crinoids mainly relies on the well-preserved and abundant material sampled in Triassic Konservat-Lagerstätten such as those from the Anisian Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) of the Germanic Basin. These crinoid-bearing Lagerstätten have been central to understanding the rapid evolution and diversification of crinoids after the dramatic Permian/Triassic Boundary biological crisis that led the class to near-extinction. The Encrinida are the emblematic crinoids of the Triassic. They are mainly known from rich fossil deposits where their abundant ossicles are at the origin of the extensive crinoidal limestone beds of the German Upper Muschelkalk. So far, they were first represented in the Middle Triassic by the family Dadocrinidae and genus Dadocrinus. In the present work, a new species Dadocrinus montellonis sp. nov., is described based on a well-preserved, almost complete articulated specimen from the Spathian (Lower Triassic) of Nevada (USA). The new species differs from other species of Dadocrinus by its palaeobiogeographic position but also by its earlier stratigraphic occurrence and ancestral morphology. It represents the first reported occurrence of Dadocrinus outside the Germanic Basin prior to the Middle Triassic and also the oldest firm evidence of its presence in the Early Triassic (middle–late Spathian). This discovery sheds new light on the origin of post-Palaeozoic crinoids. It suggests a much wider distribution than commonly assumed for the genus Dadocrinus and implies that the first dadocrinids originated either in the Panthalassa or Tethys oceans, and then dispersed over long distances in a relative short period of time.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.4202/app.01042.2022
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titre
Sensitive windows for within- and trans-generational plasticity of anti-predator defences
auteur
Juliette Tariel-Adam, Émilien Luquet, Sandrine Plénet
article
Peer Community Journal, 2023, 3, pp.e71. ⟨10.24072/pcjournal.304⟩
resume
Transgenerational plasticity could be an important mechanism for adaptation to variable environments in addition to within-generational plasticity. But its potential for adaptation may be restricted to specific developmental windows that are highly sensitive and responsive to environmental cues. Determining these sensitive windows is essential to understand the temporal dynamic of environmental cue detection, phenotype induction and selection. We examined the sensitive windows of both within-and trans-generational plasticity of anti-predator defences in the freshwater snail Physa acuta. Parental snails were exposed to olfactory cues of their crayfish predator at different exposure windows: embryonic development, early, mid or late postembryonic development. Behavioural and morphological defences were then assessed in adult parents and offspring. The sensitive window of within-generational plasticity was the embryonic development, the whole post-embryonic development, or a combination of early-life and late development depending on the defence. This showed that early-life periods of development (embryonic and early post-embryonic) are sensitive windows of within-generational plasticity. However, the sensitive window also persisted until late developmental stages for some defences, providing evidence that the early-life is not the only sensitive window as empirical and theoretical studies often state. There were less sensitive windows for transgenerational plasticity: embryonic and/or mid post-embryonic development. Interestingly, the embryonic period was a sensitive window of transgenerational plasticity for a defence only when it was also a sensitive window of within-generational plasticity for that defence. On the opposite, the mid post-embryonic development was a sensitive window specific to transgenerational plasticity. This suggests that transgenerational plasticity, although linked to within-generational plasticity by the embryonic sensitive window, may also be induced via a specific channel, independent of within-generational plasticity induction and expression. Finally, the late developmental window was never a sensitive window of transgenerational plasticity as it was theoretically expected. This result may be explained by the potential long-term reliability of parental cues in our system. It is worth noting that we did not find any sensitive window for some defences, either because none of them induced the defence or all exposure windows induced the defence in a similar magnitude. Overall, the developmental window of cue exposure shapes within-and trans-generational responses and thus brings complexity to the study of phenotypic plasticity, notably when it comes to determining its adaptive potential.
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DOI
DOI : 10.24072/pcjournal.304
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titre
Hybodontiform sharks from Middle Triassic Chang 7 Member of the Ordos Basin, Shaanxi, North China: palaeobiological and palaeoecological significances
auteur
Jia-Chun Li, Zuo-Yu Sun, Gilles Cuny, Qing-Qiang Meng, Da-Yong Jiang
article
Palaeoworld, 2023, 32 (1), pp.93-103. ⟨10.1016/j.palwor.2022.08.001⟩
resume
The lacustrine ecosystem of the early Ladinian of Chang 7 Member of Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin (Shaanxi, North China) was proposed as the earliest known Mesozoic-type, trophically multileveled lacustrine ecosystem after the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME). However, the speculated top predator shark was a mere conjecture from coiled coprolites. Herein, thirty-one shark teeth from the organic-rich mudstones of the Chang 7 Member at the Bawangzhuang section, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province, North China are described in detail. Two taxa of hybodontiformes, Hybodus? youngi and Hybodus sp., are identified. Based on new material and a re-examination of original material, the previously described Hybodus youngi is substantially revised by adding several newly recog- nized anatomical features that include flared lateral cusplets, orthodont crown with a pulp cavity surrounded by numerous dentine tubules and a monognathic heterodonty. The results indicate that at least two different hybodont sharks, associated with Saurichthys of ca. 1 m in total length, occupied the higher trophic levels of the Chang 7 Member’s lacustrine ecosystem. The re-establishment of large predator niches encompassing diverse large predators with multiple dietary habits further supports the full recovery of the lacustrine ecosystem structure 10 Myr after the EPME.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.palwor.2022.08.001
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titre
The social connectivity of subsurface flows: Towards a better integration of the vertical dimension in socio‐hydrosystem studies
auteur
Anne‐lise Boyer, David Blanchon, Laurent Schmitt, Dominique Badariotti, Jean‐philippe Bedell, Jean‐nicolas Beisel, François Chabaux, Eduardo Ferreira da Silva, Frédéric Huneau, Gwenaël Imfeld, Brian O'Neill, Vanina Pasqualini, Olivier Radakovitch, Cybill Staentzel, François‐michel Le Tourneau
article
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 2023, 11 (2), pp.e1703. ⟨10.1002/wat2.1703⟩
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This contribution points out that while the importance of hydrologic, geomorphic, ecological, temporal, and socio-cultural connectivity in the functioning of hydrosystems has been acknowledged in three dimensions (longitudinal, lateral, and vertical), vertical connectivity has often been overlooked. Drawing on a multidisciplinary literature review, the authors aim to highlight the socio-cultural connectivity of subsurface flows and aquifers as a crucial factor for socio-hydrosystem understanding and management. The piece builds on emergent literature which underscores how groundwater, shallow groundwater, and the hyporheic zone are coproduced by nature and society through time. Furthermore, the review explores how verticality has become an important heuristic dimension at the intersection of the environmental and social sciences, and there has been a particular focus on the hyporheic zone to look at how notions of interstitiality and (in)visibility can be better integrated with socio-hydrosystem science and management. Finally, the paper calls for further research to integrate the vertical dimension of hydrosystems into more comprehensive socio-hydrological frameworks, which remain, at times, empirically and theoretically weak on questions of social power, even if they do incorporate aspects of political systems. Especially as societies' relationships to groundwater may be at the heart of climate change adaptation strategies, greater consideration of the social connectivity to subflows is a necessary direction for sustainable water resource management and scholarship.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1002/wat2.1703
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titre
Functional characteristics rather than co‐occurrences determine the outcome of interactions between neighbouring plants in sub‐Antarctic ponds: Consequences for macrophyte community biomass
auteur
Pauline Douce, Hugo Saiz, Marie‐lise Benot, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Laurent Simon, David Renault, Felix Vallier, Yoann Oury, Matthieu Fontaine, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere
article
Freshwater Biology, 2023, 68 (4), pp.561-576. ⟨10.1111/fwb.14047⟩
resume
Understanding of the mechanisms underlying species coexistence within plant communities is crucial to predict their fate given the current context of biodiversity loss. Freshwater ecosystems are among the most abiotically constrained habitats because they harbour clonal macrophyte communities. Strong habitat filtering in these ecosystems influences the functional composition and diversity of macrophyte communities, determining the outcome of interactions between neighbours and ultimately affecting local spatial arrangement between neighbours (LSA). This influence may be modulated by environmental conditions in abiotically constrained habitats, such as freshwater ecosystems. We focused on macrophyte communities living in ponds in the Iles Kerguelen, in the sub-Antarctic. These freshwater ecosystems are especially abiotically constrained (cold climate), and their plant communities are remarkably species-poor, simplifying the study of interactions between neighbours. We measured several abiotic variables in the ponds, species LSA and interspecific interactions (using the log response ratio metric), and the functional composition of the community using aerial, root and clonal traits. We also determined the biomass of the whole macrophyte community. Our results showed that LSA does not effectively assess interactions between neighbours at very small scales, neither at the community (one species vs. all neighbouring species) nor the species level (between pairs of species). Secondly, aerial (leaf and stem) and root traits related to resource acquisition played a more important role in interactions between neighbours than clonal traits (i.e. internode length and specific internode mass related to space acquisition and resource storage, respectively). Depending on the target species, (1) interactions responded positively or negatively to mean trait and functional diversity of the community; and (2) different traits of neighbours (aerial or root traits) triggered an interaction response. Lastly, abiotic variables, in particular water temperature and light intensity, influenced macrophyte community biomass and plant community structure (i.e. species richness, functional diversity and LSA), either directly or through the modulation of other abiotic variables. Our results lead to the following conclusions: (1) interactions between neighbours do not reflect their local spatial arrangements but are strongly associated with abiotic variables and neighbourhood functional traits (depending on species); (2) joint integration of biotic and abiotic variables in multivariate analyses enables better inference of biodiversity responses to environment, and the subsequent consequences for ecosystem function, especially in the context of climate change.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1111/fwb.14047
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titre
The oldest Gondwanan record of the extinct durophagous hybodontiform chondrichthyan, Strophodus from the Bajocian of Morocco
auteur
Sebastian Stumpf, Christoph Kettler, René Kindlimann, Gilles Cuny, Jürgen Kriwet
article
Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 2023, 142 (1), pp.5. ⟨10.1186/s13358-023-00270-w⟩
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Strophodus is a speciose and geographically widespread taxon of large durophagous hybodontiform chondrichthyans, with a stratigraphic range extending from Middle Triassic to the Early Cretaceous. Here, we describe a new species of Strophodus, S. atlasensis sp. nov., based on an incomplete articulated dentition recovered from marine Bajocian deposits of the eastern High Atlas Mountains in Morocco. The new species is diagnosed by a unique combination of dental characters that includes, among others, the presence of triangular first lateral teeth, mesio-distally wide and bulbous second lateral teeth without an occlusal crest or dome and uniquely shaped first posterior teeth that are shorter mesio-distally than being labio-lingually long, as well as small second posterior teeth whose roots protrude below the crowns to meet each other in an efficient interlocking manner. The holotype and only specimen of Strophodus atlasensis sp. nov. represents the hitherto oldest known record of Strophodus from Gondwana and the first record of that genus from the Bajocian, thus adding valuable novel information to our incomplete understanding of the evolutionary history of extinct hybodontiform chondrichthyans.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1186/s13358-023-00270-w
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titre
Closing a major gap in mantis shrimp evolution - first fossils of Stomatopoda from the Triassic
auteur
C.P.A. Smith, P. Aubier, S. Charbonnier, T. Laville, Nicolas Olivier, G. Escarguel, J.F. Jenks, K.G. Bylund, E. Fara, A. Brayard
article
Bulletin of Geosciences, 2023, 98 (1), pp.95-110. ⟨10.3140/bull.geosci.1864⟩
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Mantis shrimps (Stomatopoda) are marine benthic predators well known for their raptorial claws that have, through time, evolved into unique structures with exceptional stunning, piercing or even dismembering functions. Known since the Carboniferous, Stomatopoda fossils have started providing insights into the rise of these predators, however, major gaps in the fossil record remain. In particular, neither Permian, nor Triassic specimens have ever been uncovered. Such a long hiatus strongly hinders our understanding of their evolutionary history, especially regarding the transition between Palaeozoic and Mesozoic forms. We here report two mantis shrimp specimens from the Early Triassic Paris Biota of Idaho, USA, formally described as Triassosculda ahyongi gen. et sp. nov., partially closing an over 100 myr gap in the fossil record. Despite being incomplete, these specimens present distinct and well­preserved diagnostic characters on the posterior trunk and the tail fan. The telson shows a triangular shape closely resembling that of Palaeozoic mantis shrimps. The broadness of both the pleon and anterior rim of the telson, however, differs from that of most Palaeozoic forms, which have an overall narrow telson, and is more similar to that of modern representatives of Stomatopoda. Additionally, the uropodal exopods of Triassosculda ahyongi gen. et sp. nov. presents a considerable number of movable spines that are common among Jurassic and more recent taxa, but that have never been reported among Palaeozoic Stomatopoda. These features further support and above all, allow temporal refinement of previously suggested evolutionary scenarios. In the latter, and as for other major clades of crustaceans, Stomatopoda are assumed to have evolved from a shrimp­like morphology with a narrow triangular telson to a more lobster­like one with a broad and rather square­shaped telson. Triassosculda ahyongi gen. et sp. nov. indicates this transition was underway by the Early Triassic.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.3140/bull.geosci.1864
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titre
A multi-isotopic study reveals the palaeoecology of a sebecid from the Paleocene of Bolivia
auteur
Yohan Pochat-Cottilloux, Jeremy E Martin, Mathieu G Faure-Brac, Stéphane Jouve, Christian de Muizon, Jorge Cubo, Christophe Lécuyer, François Fourel, Romain Amiot
article
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2023, 625, pp.111667. ⟨10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111667⟩
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Sebecids constitute a family of notosuchian crocodylomorphs of probable terrestrial habits. They are notable for having survived the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction and are known until the Miocene in South America. However, ecological traits that favoured their resilience in continental ecosystems remain unknown. Here, using a multi-isotopic approach, we infer several palaeoecological traits of a sebecid from the locality of Tiupampa (Bolivia), which contains a diverse vertebrate fauna of the Early Paleocene. After having constrained the effects of diagenesis, the study of the oxygen isotope compositions of apatite phosphate allows the identification of water resources for the various studied taxa and to infer an ectothermic thermoregulation strategy for the sebecids. A terrestrial lifestyle is also supported by different oxygen isotope compositions observed between sebecids and aquatic dyrosaurid crocodylomorphs. The radiogenic strontium isotope compositions confirm the continental affinities of this fauna, with no marine input in the palaeoenvironment frequented by the different faunal elements. The calcium and carbon isotope compositions show that the sebecids from Tiupampa were at the top of a C3-based food web. Finally, a local dry environment with tropical temperatures for those specimens is inferred both from oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of their hard tissues.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111667
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https://hal.science/hal-04133611/file/Pochat2023IsotopBolivia.pdf BibTex
titre
Evaluating subsurface flow connectivity in a pine-covered hillslope with stemflow infiltration and ground-penetrating radar surveys
auteur
Simone Di Prima, Gersende Fernandes, Elisa Marras, Filippo Giadrossich, Ryan Stewart, Majdi Abou Najm, Thierry Winiarski, Brice Mourier, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Alessandro Comegna, Antonio del Campo, Laurent Lassabatere
article
Journal of Hydrology, 2023, 620, Part B, pp.129527. ⟨10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129527⟩
resume
The hydrological response of sloping catchments is strongly conditioned by the connectivity of subsurface preferential flows. The objective of this paper is to investigate the role played by stemflow infiltration in subsurface water flow dynamics, focusing on a forested hillslope located in an Aleppo pine Mediterranean forest (Pinus halepensis, Mill.) located at Sierra Calderona, Valencia province, Spain. We combined stemflow artificial experiments with the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) as a non-invasive technique to investigate stemflow-induced preferential flow paths activated by different trees and the related hydrological connectivity at the hillslope scale. Our observations allowed us to identify different dynamics associated with the initiation of stemflow and then lateral preferential flow, including the activation of connected preferential flow paths that received stemflow water from different trees. These observations provided empirical evidence of the role of stemflow in the formation of lateral preferential flow networks. Our measurements also provided estimations for flow velocities, which provided new insight on the magnitude of stem-induced lateral preferential flow paths. The applied protocol offers a simple, repeatable and non-invasive way to conceptualize hillslope responses to rainstorms.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129527
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https://hal.science/hal-04115765/file/Di%20prima%20et%20al.%202023%20%28version%202%29.pdf BibTex
titre
More time for aliens? Performance shifts lead to increased activity time budgets propelling invasion success
auteur
Philipp Ginal, Natasha Kruger, Carla Wagener, Laurie Araspin, Mohlamatsane Mokhatla, Jean Secondi, Anthony Herrel, John Measey, Dennis Rödder
article
Biological Invasions, 2023, 25, pp.267-283. ⟨10.1007/s10530-022-02903-6⟩
resume
Abstract In the Grinnellian niche concept, the realized niche and potential distribution is characterized as an interplay among the fundamental niche, biotic interactions and geographic accessibility. Climate is one of the main drivers for this concept and is essential to predict a taxon’s distribution. Mechanistic approaches can be useful tools, which use fitness-related aspects like locomotor performance and critical thermal limits to predict the potential distribution of an organism. These mechanistic approaches allow the inclusion key ecological processes like local adaptation and can account for thermal performance traits of different life-history stages. The African Clawed Frog, Xenopus laevis , is a highly invasive species occurring on five continents. The French population is of special interest due to an ongoing expansion for 40 years and a broad base of knowledge. We hypothesize that (1) the French population exhibits increased activity time in the invasive European range that could be devoted to fitness-relevant activity and (2) tadpoles may have less activity time available than adult frogs from the same range. We investigate how thermal performance traits translate into activity time budgets and how local adaptation and differences in the thermal responses of life-history stages may boost the European Xenopus invasion. We use a mechanistic approach based on generalized additive mixed models, where thermal performance curves were used to predict the hours of activity and to compare the potential activity time budgets for two life-history stages of native and invasive populations. Our results show that adult French frogs have more activity time available in Europe compared to South African frogs, which might be an advantage in searching for prey or escaping from predators. However, French tadpoles do not have more activity time in Europe compared to the native South African populations suggesting that tadpoles do not suffer the same strong selective pressure as adult frogs.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s10530-022-02903-6
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titre
Artifical light at night triggers slight transcriptomic effects on melatonin signaling but not synthesis in tadpoles of two anuran species
auteur
Morgane Touzot, Adeline Dumet, Jean Secondi, Thierry Lengagne, Hélène Henri, Emmanuel Desouhant, Claude Duchamp, Nathalie Mondy
article
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2023, 280, pp.111386. ⟨10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111386⟩
resume
The worldwide expansion of artificial light at night (ALAN) is acknowledged as a threat to biodiversity through alterations of the natural photoperiod triggering the disruption of physiological functions. In vertebrates, melatonin production during the dark phase can be decreased or suppressed by nocturnal light as shown in many taxa. But the effect of ALAN at low intensity mimicking light pollution in peri-urban area has never been investigated in amphibians. We filled this gap by studying the impact of low ALAN levels on the expression of genes related to melatonin synthesis and signaling in two anurans (agile frog, Rana dalmatina, and common toad, Bufo bufo). Circadian expression of genes encoding enzymes catalyzing melatonin synthesis (aralkylamine N- acetyltransferase, AANAT and acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase, ASMT) or melatonin receptors (Mel1a, Mel1b and Mel1c) was investigated using RT-qPCR after 23 days of nocturnal exposure to control (< 0.01 lx) or low ALAN (3 lx). We showed that the relative abundance of most transcripts was low in late afternoon and early evening (06 pm and 08 pm) and increased throughout the night in R. dalmatina. However, a clear and ample nocturnal pattern of target gene expression was not detected in control tadpoles of both species. Surprisingly, a low ALAN level had little influence on the relative expression of most melatonin-related genes. Only Mel1c expression in R. dalmatina and Mel1b expression in B. bufo were affected by ALAN. This target gene approach provides experimental evidence that melatonin signaling pathway was slightly affected by low ALAN level in anuran tadpoles.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111386
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https://hal.science/hal-04062709/file/Touzot%20accepted.pdf BibTex
titre
Body mass dependence of oxidative phosphorylation efficiency in liver mitochondria from mammals
auteur
Mélanie Boël, Yann Voituron, Damien Roussel
article
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2023, 284, pp.111490. ⟨10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111490⟩
resume
In eukaryotes, the performances of an organism are dependent on body mass and chemically supported by the mitochondrial production of ATP. Although the relationship between body mass and mitochondrial oxygen consumption is well described, the allometry of the transduction efficiency from oxygen to ATP production (ATP/O) is still poorly understood. Using a comparative approach, we investigated the oxygen consumption and ATP production of liver mitochondria from twelve species of mammals ranging from 5 g to 600 kg. We found that both oxygen consumption and ATP production are mass dependent but not the ATP/O at the maximal phosphorylating state. The results also showed that for sub-maximal phosphorylating states the ATP/O value positively correlated with body mass, irrespective of the metabolic intensity. This result contrasts with previous data obtained in mammalian muscles, suggesting a tissue-dependence of the body mass effect on mitochondrial efficiency.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111490
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https://hal.science/hal-04195141/file/M%C3%A9lanie%20et%20al-2023-Body%20mass%20dependence%20of%20oxidative%20phosphorylation%20efficiency%20in%20liver.pdf BibTex
titre
Deleterious effects of thermal and water stresses on life history and physiology: a case study on woodlouse
auteur
Charlotte Depeux, Angèle Branger, Théo Moulignier, Jérôme Moreau, Jean-François Lemaître, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Tiffany Laverre, Hélène Paulhac, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Sophie Beltran-Bech
article
Peer Community Journal, 2023, 3, pp.e7. ⟨10.24072/pcjournal.228⟩
resume
We tested independently the influences of increasing temperature and decreasing mois- ture on life history and physiological traits in the arthropod Armadillidium vulgare. Both increasing temperature and decreasing moisture led reproductive success to decrease. While the density of immune cells decreased and the β-galactosidase activity increased with increasing temperature and decreasing moisture, which suggests a negative im- pact of these stressors on individual performance, increased temperature and decreased moisture affected differently the other biomarkers conjuring different underlying mech- anisms depending on the stress applied. Our findings demonstrate overall a negative impact of high temperature and low moisture on woodlouse welfare. Changing temper- ature or moisture had slightly different effects, illustrating the need to test further the respective role of each of these key components of climate change on organisms to predict more reliably the future of our ecosystems.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.24072/pcjournal.228
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https://hal.science/hal-03972285/file/Depeux%20et%20al%202023.pdf BibTex
titre
Paleoenvironmental implications of Permo-Triassic geographic shift in oxygen stable isotope (δ18Op) from tetrapod bone in the South African Karoo Basin
auteur
Kévin Rey, Romain Amiot, François Fourel, Julie Luyt, Frédéric Fluteau, Christophe Lécuyer
article
Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2023, 205, pp.104999. ⟨10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2023.104999⟩
resume
The Beaufort Group of the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa provides an uninterrupted record of fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation from the Middle Permian to the Middle Triassic and covers an area of approximately 200,000 km2, about 20% of the country's surface area. A diverse range of vertebrate taxa including fish, therapsids, amphibians, archosauromorphs and parareptiles, has been recovered from this rock succession and provides an ideal sampleset to investigate temporal and geographical variations of local hydrology using stable isotopes. Questions relating to temporal and biological variations in oxygen stable isotope ratios of apatite phosphate (δ18Op) in Beaufort tetrapod taxa have previously been addressed, but geographic variation of bioapatite-recorded δ18Op across the Permo-Triassic of South Africa has not yet been studied. Here we highlight variations in δ18Op recorded over a large geographic spread in the Karoo basin for four Permo-Triassic vertebrate assemblage zones (AZ). Tetrapods, mainly therapsids, were sampled from two Permian (Cistecephalus AZ and Daptocephalus AZ) and two Triassic biozones (Lystrosaurus declivis AZ and Cynognathus AZ). For each of these biozones, fossils were sampled from several localities and their δ18Op values compared. Results from the Permian data showed no isotopic difference in apatite from localities divided by longitude 24°. Isotopic differences seem to appear further east in the Basin. Most of the Permian localities (restricted to the south-western part of the Basin) were under the influence of a water system originating from the southern mountainous source terrain. Oxygen isotope compositions of vertebrates from the Lystrosaurus declivis AZ show a significant latitudinal gradient interpreted as an evaporation effect from a southern source in the mountains running toward the north. The Basin during the Cynognathus AZ was under a similar pattern with an evaporation effect highlighted with lower δ18O values in the south and higher in the north.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2023.104999
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titre
Tracking a killer shrimp: Dikerogammarus villosus invasion dynamics across Europe
auteur
Ismael Soto, Ross N Cuthbert, Danish A Ahmed, Antonín Kouba, Sami Domisch, Jaime R G Marquez, Ayah Beidas, Giuseppe Amatulli, Jens Kiesel, Longzhu Q Shen, Margarita Florencio, Herlander Lima, Elizabeta Briski, Florian Altermatt, Gaït Archambaud‐suard, Peter Borza, Zoltan Csabai, Thibault Datry, Mathieu Floury, Maxence Forcellini, Jean‐françois Fruget, Patrick Leitner, Marie‐hélène Lizée, Anthony Maire, Anthony Ricciardi, Ralf B Schäfer, Rachel Stubbington, Gea H van der Lee, Gábor Várbíró, Ralf C M Verdonschot, Peter Haase, Phillip J Haubrock
article
Diversity and Distributions, 2023, 29 (1), pp.157-172. ⟨10.1111/ddi.13649⟩
resume
Aim: Invasive alien species are a growing problem worldwide due to their ecological, economic and human health impacts. The "killer shrimp" Dikerogammarus villosus is a notorious invasive alien amphipod from the Ponto-Caspian region that has invaded many fresh and brackish waters across Europe. Understandings of large-scale population dynamics of highly impactful invaders such as D. villosus are lacking, inhibiting predictions of impact and efficient timing of management strategies. Hence, our aim was to assess trends and dynamics of D. villosus as well as its impacts in freshwater rivers and streams. Location: Europe. Methods: We analysed 96 European time series between 1994 and 2019 and identified trends in the relative abundance (i.e. dominance %) of D. villosus in invaded time series, as well as a set of site-specific characteristics to identify drivers and determinants of population changes and invasion dynamics using meta-regression modelling. We also looked at the spread over space and time to estimate the invasion speed (km/year) of D. villosus in Europe. We investigated the impact of D. villosus abundance on recipient community metrics (i.e. abundance, taxa richness, temporal turnover, Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness) using generalized linear models. Results: Population trends varied across the time series. Nevertheless, community dominance of D. villosus increased over time across all time series. The frequency of occurrences (used as a proxy for invader spread) was well described by a Pareto distribution, whereby we estimated a lag phase (i.e. the time between introduction and spatial expansion) of approximately 28 years, followed by a gradual increase before new occurrences declined rapidly in the long term. D. villosus population change was associated with decreased taxa richness, community turnover and Shannon diversity. Main Conclusion: Our results show that D. villosus is well-established in European waters and its abundance significantly alters ecological communities. However, the multidecadal lag phase prior to observed spatial expansion suggests that initial introductions by D. villosus are cryptic, thus signalling the need for more effective early detection methods.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1111/ddi.13649
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https://hal.science/hal-03843377/file/Soto%20et%20al.%20%282022a%29%20Diversity%20and%20Distributions.pdf BibTex
titre
Waziers, le Bas‑Terroir (Scarpe Plain, Northern France) : synthesis of studies on 2011‑2015 observations and evidence of a continuous sedimentary record from the end of the Saalian (MIS 6) to the Eemian Optimum (MIS 5e)
auteur
Laurent Deschodt, David Hérisson, Pierre Antoine, Jean‑luc Locht, Agnès Gauthier, Nicole Limondin-Lozouet, Patrick Auguste, Jean-Jacques Bahain, Bassam Ghaleb, Chloé Maréchal, Luc Vallin, Loïc Lebreton, Benjamin Audiard, Guillaume Hulin, Guillaume Jamet, Qingfeng Shao, Christophe Falguères, Christophe Lécuyer, Romain Amiot, Francois Fourel, Emmanuelle Stoetzel, Salvador Bailon, Bertrand Masson, Sylvie Coutard, Noémie Sévêque, Sophie Louguet, Yann Petite, Clément Virmoux
article
Quaternaire, 2023, 31 (1), pp.45-63. ⟨10.4000/quaternaire.17705⟩
resume
The Waziers Formation consists of a silty alluvial deposit topped by calcareous tuff and peat. It is preserved in a small palaeo- channel of the Scarpe-Scarbus river, recognised over several hundred metres long at the edge/entrance of the Scarpe river plain and dated to the end of the Saalian (SIM 6) and the Eemian (SIM 5e). The Waziers Formation was preserved by a later defluviation and the sealing by fluvio-aeolian deposits of the late Weichselian Pleniglacial (SIM 2). The synthesis of all the data and studies (lithology, palaeontology, geochronology, reconstruction of palaeotemperatures) provides a coherent picture of the evolution of the area since the end of the Saalian around 130,000 years ago to the end of the Weichselian Pleniglacial. At the base, sandy-gravelly (indicating dynamic flows) and then silty alluvium (Member 1) was deposited in the valley bottom at the end of the Saalian glacial period in a context of incipient forest reconquest. A water body then develops, allowing the sedimentation of a lacustrine chalk deposited in a Characeae marsh, followed by a peat bog (Member 2, ca. 1.5 m thick) in a forest context. A channelled stream still flows through the bog, at least intermittently, locally eroding and depositing silty alluvium. The lower part of Member 2 records the transition from the Saalian glacial (end of MIS 6) to the Eemian interglacial (beginning of MIS 5) in a context of continuous sedimentation with increasing organic content. The upper part of Member 2 records the Eemian climatic optimum in a typical peat facies, followed by the onset of climatic degradation. At the top of Member 2 (and that of the Formation) is the limit of a major erosion that did not allow the recording of the end of the Eemian interglacial. At the base of Member 3 (ca. 3 m thick) flows concentrated in deep gullies on frozen ground dismantle and rework the underlying deposits. Subsequently, flows (attributed to the Weichselian Pleniglacial) deposit a sheet of chalk gravels over the whole site in a wider active band (likely braiding). Most of Member 3 consists of fluvio-aeolian silty-sandy deposits and a thin terminal loessic deposit. The quality of the sedimentary record, with in particular continuous depo- sition at the time of the climatic transition from the Saalien to the Eemian, and the abundance of palaeontological elements (wood and plant macro-remains, macro- and meso-fauna, microfauna, avifauna, malacofauna...) in the Eemian deposits ensure the Waziers Formation is an exceptional testimony for the palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic reconstructions. The presence of levels testying to recurrent human occupations in Members 1 and 2 (with isolated flakes, heaps of debitage, traces of anthropic actions on fauna) make this site and sequence a reference for the understanding of the human settlement dynamics from the MIS 6 (Saalian) to the MIS 5e (Eemian) in Northern France but also broadly in North-Western Europe.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.4000/quaternaire.17705
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https://hal.science/hal-04199824/file/Deschodt%20et%20al.%2C%202023_Waziers%20QUATERNAIRE.pdf BibTex
titre
Long‐term forecast of thermal mortality with climate warming in riverine amphipods
auteur
Wilco Verberk, K. Natan Hoefnagel, Ignacio Peralta-Maraver, Mathieu Floury, Enrico Rezende
article
Global Change Biology, 2023, 29 (17), pp.5033-5043. ⟨10.1111/gcb.16834⟩
resume
Forecasting long‐term consequences of global warming requires knowledge on thermal mortality and how heat stress interacts with other environmental stressors on different timescales. Here, we describe a flexible analytical framework to forecast mortality risks by combining laboratory measurements on tolerance and field temperature records. Our framework incorporates physiological acclimation effects, temporal scale differences and the ecological reality of fluctuations in temperature, and other factors such as oxygen. As a proof of concept, we investigated the heat tolerance of amphipods Dikerogammarus villosus and Echinogammarus trichiatus in the river Waal, the Netherlands. These organisms were acclimated to different temperatures and oxygen levels. By integrating experimental data with high‐resolution field data, we derived the daily heat mortality probabilities for each species under different oxygen levels, considering current temperatures as well as 1 and 2°C warming scenarios. By expressing heat stress as a mortality probability rather than a upper critical temperature, these can be used to calculate cumulative annual mortality, allowing the scaling up from individuals to populations. Our findings indicate a substantial increase in annual mortality over the coming decades, driven by projected increases in summer temperatures. Thermal acclimation and adequate oxygenation improved heat tolerance and their effects were magnified on longer timescales. Consequently, acclimation effects appear to be more effective than previously recognized and crucial for persistence under current temperatures. However, even in the best‐case scenario, mortality of D. villosus is expected to approach 100% by 2100, while E. trichiatus appears to be less vulnerable with mortality increasing to 60%. Similarly, mortality risks vary spatially: In southern, warmer rivers, riverine animals will need to shift from the main channel toward the cooler head waters to avoid thermal mortality. Overall, this framework generates high‐resolution forecasts on how rising temperatures, in combination with other environmental stressors such as hypoxia, impact ecological communities.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1111/gcb.16834
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https://hal.science/hal-04410316/file/Global%2520Change%2520Biology%2520-%25202023.pdf BibTex
titre
How does trait variance partitioning help us to understand plant community assembly? The example of pond communities in the Kerguelen Islands
auteur
Pauline Douce, D Renault, Laurent Simon, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Felix Vallier, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere
article
Journal of Vegetation Science, 2023, 34 (6), pp.e13217. ⟨10.1111/jvs.13217⟩
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Question: In the current context of biodiversity erosion, functional approaches to the examination of community assembly mechanisms and better prediction of plant species fates have emerged. The assessment of trait variation patterns should be a powerful means of identifying community assembly mechanisms. However, most studies of trait variations and their consequences for individual performance (i.e., vegetative biomass) are usually incomplete as they focused on single ecological scales or filters, with no consideration of relationships between traits. Such research has provided a fragmented view of plant community assembly. Location: We examined macrophyte communities living in ponds of the sub‐Antarctic Iles Kerguelen. Methods: We measured traits related to resource acquisition and conservation in all occurring species, and examined their variation across temporal (years), spatial (sites), and taxonomic (between and within species) scales and in response to multiple abiotic and biotic habitat variables. The consequences of these trait variations and the effects of their correlation for plant individual performance were also explored. Results: Trait distributions were fairly conserved among sites, whereas we observed a large amount of intraspecific trait variation enabling individuals to resist filters. Responses to biotic and/or abiotic variables were trait‐dependent, and simultaneous trait responses should enable individual plants to face several simultaneous constraints. Almost all traits had direct or indirect effects on individual performance, indicating the need to consider trait relationships. Conclusion: The partitioning of trait variance is a relevant approach to the identification of the scale at which the most decisive processes for plant community assembly operate without the interference of scale dependency issues, and should orient further research. In addition, several biotic and abiotic variables should be considered in future studies to better understand the effects of environmental changes on plant communities.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1111/jvs.13217
Accès au texte intégral et bibtex
https://hal.science/hal-04382947/file/Douce.%20et%20al-2023-How%20does%20trait%20variance%20partitioning%20help%20us%20to%20understand%20plant%20communitypdf.pdf BibTex
titre
Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological reconstructions based on oxygen, carbon and sulfur isotopes of Early Permian shark spines from the French Massif central
auteur
Vincent Luccisano, Gilles Cuny, Alan Pradel, François Fourel, Christophe Lécuyer, Jean-Marc Pouillon, Kathleen Lachat, Romain Amiot
article
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2023, 628, pp.111760. ⟨10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111760⟩
resume
The palaeoecology of the Xenacanthiformes (Chondrichthyes) is still a matter of discussion. Historically considered as freshwater organisms, hypotheses of euryhaline ecology including migratory behaviour were recently proposed based on the histology of their dorsal spines. However, recent studies still argued for a full freshwater ecology based on the geochemical compositions of their teeth. Their ecology is particularly interesting to investigate for those coming from the environmentally ambiguous Early Permian intra-mountainous localities of Buxi`eres-les-Mines (Bourbon-l'Archambault Basin, Allier) and the Muse oil-shale bed (OSB) (Autun Basin, Saoˆne-et-Loire) from the French Massif central. These two localities were interpreted as freshwater settings but doubts on marine influences exist. To assess their palaeoenvironment and the palaeoecology settings based on xenacanthiforms occurrences, we have analysed the stable isotope compositions (δ18O, δ13C and δ34S) of the bioapatite of their vertebrate faunas. From these stable isotope compositions, we interpret that Buxi`eres-les- Mines was a large and deep freshwater lake, equivalent to the modern Indonesian Lake Matano, whereas the Muse OSB is interpreted as a shallow tropical lake with drying events, equivalent to the Lake Punta Laguna in Amazonia or the Lake Tanganyika in Africa. The oxygen isotope compositions of the xenacanth dorsal spines of Buxi`eres-les-Mines are relatively constant from the apex to the base. Such uniform isotopic compositions recorded during the life of xenacanths support either their sedentary lifestyle or stenohalinity. The apparent ability of small xenacanthiforms to endure drying up, as shown by the variations in isotope composition of the Muse OSB specimens, could explain their resilience during the Early Permian whereas Carboniferous xenacan- thiforms occurring in large lake and river systems almost disappeared.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111760
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https://hal.science/hal-04554856/file/Luccisano%20Preprint%202023.pdf BibTex
titre
OHMi Estarreja: an ecosystem highly anthropized where contamination is the unifying element towards interdisciplinarity
auteur
Jean-Philippe Bedell, Anne-Marie Guihard-Costa, Cristiana Paiva, Diogo Machado, Anabela Cachada, Carla Patinha, Nuno Durães, Ana Catarina Sousa, Anne-Gaëlle Beurier, Eduardo Ferreira da Silva
article
Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, 2023, 356 (S3), pp.1-16. ⟨10.5802/crgeos.237⟩
resume
The Estarreja area (North of Portugal) has been subject to intense industrial pollution and host the second largest chemical industry complex in the country, which produced mainly ammonium sulphate, nitric acid and ammonium nitrate, but also synthetic resins. The CNRS’ Human–Environment International Observatory of Estarreja (OHMi Estarreja) aims to study the multiple effects of this industrial activity on the man-environment relationship, considering the temporal dimension, marked by changes in industrial practices. Another OHMi Estarreja originality is that human health projects are being carried out at the local level, under a double geochemical and socio-behavioral approach. Lastly, the Estarreja region is also part of one of the most important wetland ecosystems from Portugal, the Baixo Vouga Lagunar. This area is highly vulnerable and currently faces a set of natural and anthropogenic pressures. The overall interdisciplinary understanding of the risk induced by the chemical complex was possible by several complementary approaches: (a) spatial-temporal evolution of the contamination level, (b) health studies of the Estarreja population, and (c) societal changes in Estarreja area. The results showed a complex relationship between industrial pollution and health risks. During these first 10 years of OHMi existence, the bibliographic research as well as the study of the titles of the funded projects clearly show the interdisciplinarity in place to address this complex issue of human–environment interactions.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.5802/crgeos.237
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https://hal.science/hal-04616187/file/CRGEOS_2024__356_S3_A3_0.pdf BibTex
titre
Fossils from the Montceau-les-Mines Lagerstatte (305 Ma) shed light on the anatomy, ecology and phylogeny of Carboniferous millipedes
auteur
Mickaël Lhéritier, Maeva Perroux, Jean Vannier, Gilles Escarguel, Thomas Wesener, Leif Moritz, Dominique Chabard, Jérôme Adrien, Vincent Perrier
article
Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2023, 21 (1), pp.2169891. ⟨10.1080/14772019.2023.2169891⟩
resume
Arthropods constitute a highly diverse group of animals dominated by insects, arachnids, crustaceans and myriapods, the latter consisting of two important classes: Chilopoda and Diplopoda. Diplopods are remarkable for their diversity and disparity and have a long and rich fossil record going back to the Silurian. Here, X-ray microtomography (mCT) reveals the detailed morphology of two diplopods from the Carboniferous (Kasimovian; ca 305Ma) Lagerst€atte of Montceau- les-Mines, namely Amynilyspes fatimae (Pentazonia) and Blanziulus parriati (Juliformia), allowing three-dimensional reconstructions to be made. Important features of amynilyspedids, exemplified by Amynilyspes, are observed for the first time, such as the telopods, 21 pairs of walking legs, 13 tergites and the anal shield. Details of the ocular field, antennae and mandibles provide key information on the sense organs of these ancient myriapods as well as their capacities to process food. The presence of possible spiracles in B. parriati indicates a probable adaptation to living in terrestrial environments. Intraspecific differences seen in the appendages of Amynilyspes fatimae suggest that late Carboniferous pill millipedes had sexually dimorphic features closely similar to those of extant millipedes. Amynilyspes fatimae and B. parriati are interpreted as two detritivore millipedes living in a vegetated and humid environment (e.g. forest, swamp, litter) that are likely to have played the role of recycling plant detritus as do numerous present-day myriapods.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1080/14772019.2023.2169891
Accès au texte intégral et bibtex
https://hal.science/hal-04103198/file/Lheritier%20et%20al.%20preprint.pdf BibTex
titre
From the importance of organic carbon in reproduction tests with Eisenia fetida
auteur
Jean-Philippe Bedell, Olivier Roques, R. Bayard
article
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2023, 104 (4), pp.104297. ⟨10.1016/j.etap.2023.104297⟩
resume
The standard Eisenia fetida chronic toxicity reproduction test is normalized and needs up to 8 weeks of experimentation. Many matrixes have shown toxic effects on the earthworms' survey, growth and reproduction. But the food factor may affect the organisms' responses to contaminated media in such tests. We try to evaluate the effect, or not, of the organic carbon content present in the environment, as spreadable organic wastes added in soil, on the reproduction test of Eisenia fetida. We confirm the influence of the organic matter content on earthworm reproduction. This "food" factor must be considered when studying environmental samples rich in organic matter, since that could mask potentially harmful effects. To minimize this potential "food" effect during reproduction tests, we recommend an inverse gradient of organic matter contribution by the "horse dung" food applied in all conditions according to the dose of agricultural amendments tested.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104297
Accès au texte intégral et bibtex
https://hal.science/hal-04782810/file/Bedell%20et%20al%20Env%20Tox%20and%20Pharma%202023%20104_104297%20.pdf BibTex