Publications HAL de la structure Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés

2024

titre
X*Y females exhibit steeper reproductive senescence in the African pygmy mouse
auteur
Jean-François Lemaître, Yann Voituron, Léa Herpe, Frédéric Veyrunes
article
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024, 122 (1), pp.e2412609121. ⟨10.1073/pnas.2412609121⟩
resume
A wave of studies has recently emphasized the influence of sex chromosomes on both lifespan and actuarial senescence patterns across vertebrates and invertebrates. Basically, the heterogametic sex (XY males in XX/XY systems or ZW females in ZW/ZZ systems) typically displays a lower lifespan and a steeper rate of actuarial senescence than the homogametic sex. However, whether these effects extend to the senescence patterns of other phenotypic traits or physiological functions is yet to be determined. Here, we investigated whether sex chromosomes modulate reproductive senescence using females from the African pygmy mouse ( Mus minutoides ). This biological model exhibits an odd sex determining system with a third, feminizing sex chromosome, X*, resulting in three distinct female genotypes (XX, X*X, or X*Y) that coexist in natural populations. We found that the rate of senescence in litter size at birth is much more pronounced in heterogametic X*Y females than in homogametic XX or X*X females that may support the unguarded X or toxic Y hypotheses and can be directly linked to the complex and unique X*Y phenotype. A decrease in neonatal survival with mother’s age has also been found, but this decline is not different between the three female genotypes.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.2412609121
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https://hal.science/hal-04863435/file/Lemaitre_et_al_2025_PNAS.pdf BibTex
titre
Tracking the effects of dam construction and restoration on side channel biodiversity using macrofossils in river sediment records
auteur
André-Marie Dendievel, Jérémie Riquier, Brice Mourier, Thierry Winiarski
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 957, pp.177246. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177246⟩
resume
During the last decades, fluvial sediment cores have been used to reconstruct and model pollution trends, especially for the post-1945 period. Ecological changes have been rarely studied in such recent sediment archives due to low organic levels and high hydro-sedimentary dynamics. Here, we address the challenge of reconstructing ecosystem changes along highly anthropized rivers by analysing plant macrofossils (e.g. seeds, wood fragments, mosses), animal and abiotic remains (mainly iron slags) accumulated in side channels. The main objective is to determine whether this approach – inspired from palaeoecology – is reliable. Interestingly, macrofossil records offer a coherent history of the species habitats and biodiversity on different sites on either side of a bypassed section of the Rhône River (France). Three main hydro-ecological phases are identified, linked to river developments. (1) A lotic phase, before damming, is marked by various local riparian forest taxa: black alder and willow macrofossils were regularly found in the cores, while black poplar is not recorded, despite its historical presence. (2) A synchronous terrestrialization phase (transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial ecosystem) is highlighted on both side channels in the late 1970s, due to the bypassing of the river and the subsequent lowering of the water level. During this phase, nitrophilous plants (nettles) expanded on both sites. (3) Finally, the effects of restoration also appeared in fluvial sediment cores, marked by new aquatic flora and fauna macrofossil taxa since 2000. Overall, this research demonstrated the potential of studying macrofossils in side channel deposits to understand the post-1945 history of riparian habitats and biodiversity, and their evolution after developments and/or restoration actions. This macrofossil approach could be considered as a tool to supplement monitoring data and to better interpret wetland changes with regard to hydromorphological adjustments along a river system over decades or centuries.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177246
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https://hal.science/hal-04788102/file/Dendievel_et_al_2024_STOTEN.pdf BibTex
titre
EU needs groundwater ecosystems guidelines
auteur
Tiziana Di Lorenzo, Enrico Lunghi, Cristina Aanei, Florian Altermatt, Roman Alther, Isabel Amorim, Raluca Băncilă, Adrià Bellvert, Anna Blomberg, Paulo Borges, Traian Brad, Anton Brancelj, David Brankovits, Pedro Cardoso, Francesco Cerasoli, Claire Chauveau, Luís Crespo, Michael Csader, Teo Delić, Mattia Di Cicco, Christophe Douady, Louis Duchemin, Arnaud Faille, Barbara Fiasca, Cene Fišer, Jean-Francois Flot, Rosalina Gabriel, Diana Galassi, Laura Garzoli, Christian Griebler, Clemens Karwautz, Marius Kenesz, Lara Konecny-Dupré, Thomas Lilley, Florian Malard, Alejandro Martínez, Melissa Meierhofer, Giuseppe Messana, Andrés Millán, Vangelis Mizerakis, Nataša Mori, Veronica Nanni, Giuseppe Nicolosi, Pedro Oromí, Susana Pallarés, Fernando Pereira, Ana Sofia P. S. Reboleira, Mattia Saccò, Alice Salussolia, David Sánchez-Fernández, Serban Sarbu, Andrei S̗tefan, Fabio Stoch, Agostina Tabilio Di Camillo, Stefano Taiti, Ilaria Vaccarelli, Valeria Valanne, Maja Zagmajster, Valerija Zakšek, Carina Zittra, Stefano Mammola
article
Science, 2024, 386 (6726), pp.1103-1103. ⟨10.1126/science.ads8140⟩
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DOI
DOI : 10.1126/science.ads8140
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titre
A Comparative Analysis of Mitogenomes in Species of the Tapinoma nigerrimum Complex and Other Species of the Genus Tapinoma (Formicidae, Dolichoderinae)
auteur
Areli Ruiz-Mena, Pablo Mora, José Rico-Porras, Bernard Kaufmann, Bernhard Seifert, Teresa Palomeque, Pedro Lorite
article
Insects, 2024, 15 (12), pp.957. ⟨10.3390/insects15120957⟩
resume
Using next-generation sequencing data, the complete mitogenomes of six species from the genus Tapinoma were assembled. This study explores the mitochondrial genomes of Tapinoma species, among them the five species from the Tapinoma nigerrimum complex, comparing them with each other and with other species from Dolichoderinae subfamily to understand their evolutionary relationships and evolution. Tapinoma mitochondrial genomes contain the typical set of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and the A + T-rich control region. A phylogenetic analysis using the protein-coding gene sequences from available Dolichoderinae mitogenomes supports the monophyletic nature of the genus Tapinoma, with the T. nigerrimum complex forming a well-supported clade. Key findings include genetic traits unique to the T. nigerrimum complex, such as a start codon in the atp8 gene and a complete stop codon in cox1, distinguishing them from other Tapinoma species. Additionally, a gene rearrangement involving tRNA-Trp, tRNA-Cys, and tRNA-Tyr was found exclusively in the Tapinoma species, suggesting a potential phylogenetic marker for the genus.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.3390/insects15120957
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-04833603/file/Ruiz-Mena.pdf BibTex
titre
Physiological costs of warning: Defensive hissing increases metabolic rate and evaporative water loss in a venomous snake
auteur
Nicolas van Zele, Thomas Nicot, Thierry Lengagne, Rémi Ksas, Olivier Lourdais
article
Physiology & behavior, 2024, 287, pp.114708. ⟨10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114708⟩
resume
To minimize predation risk and the cost of confronting predators, prey have developed a range of defensive strategies and warning signals. Although advantageous, defensive warnings may also induce physiological and energy costs to the emitter. Ventilatory sounds (hissing) are the most distributed warning sound in vertebrates. Because they involve the respiratory apparatus, defensive hissing may substantially increase evaporative water loss. Herein, we examined the determinants of hissing as well as its physiological costs in a medium-sized venomous snake, the long-nosed viper (Vipera ammodytes). We first used a neutral arena and applied standardized stimulation to measure the occurrence and acoustic characteristics of warning hissing. Then, we used open-flow respirometry to quantify changes in respiratory gas exchanges (oxygen consumption and evaporative water loss) during defensive responses. We demonstrated that males are more likely to engage in sound warnings when stimulated. Expirations generated the strongest signals compared to inspiration but did not differ between sexes. We found that defensive hissing dramatically increased average metabolic rate and evaporative water loss during the 10-minute stimulation period, and this effect was more pronounced in males. Metabolic rates and evaporative water loss were closely related to the duration of hissing. Overall, our results indicate that respiratory-based warning sounds induce significant physiological costs and may alter water balance. The higher responsiveness in males than females likely reflects sexually selective pressure (higher mobility for mate acquisition) and enhanced risk exposure.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114708
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titre
River water heat pumps to decarbonise district heating and promote the resilience of hydrosystems: Technico-economic, environmental and sociological challenges
auteur
Marc Clausse, Frédéric Lefèvre, Yoann Jovet, Antoine Fontaine, Laurence Rocher, Nicolas Rivière, Louis Gostiaux, Emmanuel Mignot, Ivana Vinkovic, Sara Puijalon
article
Energy Nexus, 2024, 16, pp.100325. ⟨10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100325⟩
resume
The interdependence between water and energy (water-energy nexus) has been identified as one of the major challenges at European level, with roadmaps calling for the development of integrated approaches in this sector. The increase in river temperature is at the heart of this nexus, with anthropogenic thermal pollution adding to the effect of global warming. River Water Heat Pumps can play a major role by decarbonising district heating network (DHN) while actively cooling the aquatic resource. Hence, the objective of this short communication is to identify the scientific challenges to be met and the progress to be achieved considering the current state of the art. To illustrate the point, a rapid evaluation of the potential is performed for the city of Lyon in France resulting in an achievable cooling of ~1.5 K which is above the minimum threshold to see an effect on aquatic ecosystem while the CO 2 savings are significant for the DHN (~divided by a factor of 10). Because of its holistic nature, the impact assessment of such a system implies considering a wide diversity of indicators: energy, environmental, economics and sociological that need to be appropriately defined and quantified. In each field, progress beyond the state of the art to be performed has been identified, e.g. 4E analysis, cold water plume dispersion, integration of biodiversity in LCA.
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Journal articles
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DOI : 10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100325
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https://hal.science/hal-04743995/file/Clausse%20et%20al.%202024.pdf BibTex
titre
Ks estimates using macroscopic capillary length estimated from soil hydraulic shape coefficients and Haverkamp infiltration model
auteur
Deniz Yilmaz, Mustafa Sağlam, Serkan İç, Ryan Stewart, Laurent Lassabatere
article
Soil and Tillage Research, 2024, 244, pp.106235. ⟨10.1016/j.still.2024.106235⟩
resume
In this study, we developed a new general approach to estimate the macroscopic capillary length (λc) using different hydraulic function models and related shape parameters, along with the Haverkamp infiltration model constant. We next applied this new approach to the van Genuchten model coupled with a Burdine condition (vGB) to estimate λc. Then, we applied the new λc computation to three different methods for estimating satu- rated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and analyzed two sets of constant infiltration data: 1) an analytically generated Beerkan-type dataset and 2) constant head and Beerkan-type infiltration tests performed at the Ambark¨ oprü Experimental Station of Blacksea Agricultural Research Institute in Samsun, Turkey. Our new approach provided accurate Ks estimates when applied to the analytical Beerkan infiltration data. The highest error was observed for a silt soil, with 30 % error for one formulation versus <15 % for the others. For synthetic coarse-textured soils such loamy sand and sandy loam, the error was <10 %. For the field data and Beerkan-type experiments, the new approach gave consistent estimates of Ks regardless of analytical interpretation. However, ANOVA analysis revealed that Ks varied between different infiltration test types, with constant head infiltrometry with 5 cm of applied water head having greater Ks values than the Beerkan tests (p <0.05). Estimated Ks values also differed between land use types (p <0.01), with a maize field having significantly greater Ks compared to a soybean field. Overall, we conclude that the proposed approach represents an efficient and appropriate method for charac- terizing point-scale saturated hydraulic conductivity, so long as experimental artifacts such as ring insertion deep and preferential flows are considered.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.still.2024.106235
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titre
Influence of saturated water content on estimating soil hydraulic properties from cumulative disc infiltrometer measurements
auteur
D. Moret-Fernández, F. Lera, D. Yilmaz, Laurent Lassabatère, J.J. Jiménez, B. Latorre
article
Geoderma, 2024, 452, pp.117089. ⟨10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117089⟩
resume
The soil sorptivity, S, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, K s , are fundamental soil hydraulic properties that can be estimated from the cumulative infiltration curve measured with a disc infiltrometer. The Haverkamp infiltration model is widely used to estimate S and K s . This model includes as inputs the constants β and γ and the difference between the initial, θ i , and final, θ s , volumetric water contents, Δθ. Since Δθ would be expressive of the possible measurement errors, and assuming β, γ, and θ i as known values, the first objective of this work is to analyze the influence of θ s on the optimization of K s and S. To this end, a sensitivity analysis, which consists of estimating K s and S for a range of θ s was applied on synthetic infiltration curves simulated for homogeneous columns of sand and loam soil. Then, and working on real soils under different tillage management, we evaluated different procedures to measure θ s and analyzed its impact on K s and S estimation. Four different techniques were compared: the gravimetric-core method and two TDR invasive (3 and 5 cm) and a non-invasive (NiP) probes. All TDR probes were connected to a low-cost NanoVNA. The sensitivity analysis showed that θ s , K s and S can be optimized simultaneously from the inverse analysis of an infiltration curve when β and γ are known values and the infiltration curve is near the steady-state zone. However, due to the intrinsic complexities of real soils and the fact that β and γ are unknown variables, we recommended to optimize K s and S using measured θ s . The NiP sensor connected to a NanoVNA provided a fast, inexpensive, clean, accurate and robust alternative to measure θ s at the end of the infiltration experiments.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117089
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https://hal.science/hal-04855704/file/Moret-Fernandez_2024.pdf BibTex
titre
Haemolysis overestimates plasma oxidative stress biomarkers in free-ranging roe deer
auteur
Amandine Herrada, Pauline Vuarin, François Débias, Alexia Gache, Philippe Veber, Maryline Pellerin, Louise Cheynel, Jean-François Lemaître, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Benjamin Rey
article
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2024, 298, pp.111750. ⟨10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111750⟩
resume
Quantifying oxidative stress has garnered extensive interest in evolutionary ecology and physiology since proposed as a mediator of life histories. However, while the theoretical framework of oxidative stress ecology is wellsupported by laboratory-based studies, results obtained in wild populations on oxidative damage and antioxidant biomarkers have shown inconsistent trends. We propose that red blood cell lysis could be a source of bias affecting measurements of oxidative stress biomarkers, distorting the conclusions drawn from them. Using an experimental approach consisting of enriching plasma from roe deer with lysed red blood cells, we show that the values of commonly used oxidative stress biomarkers linearly increase with the degree of haemolysisassayed by haemoglobin concentration. This result concerns oxidized proteins (carbonyls) and lipids (TBARS), as well as enzymatic (superoxide dismutase) and non-enzymatic (trolox assay, OXY assay) antioxidant markers. Based on 707 roe deer blood samples collected in the field, we next show that the occurrence of haemolysis in plasma samples is negatively related to age. Finally, we illustrate that considering the variance explained by age-related haemolysis improves explanatory models for inter-individual variability in plasma oxidative stress biomarkers, without substantially altering the estimates of the parameters studied here. Our results raise the question of the veracity of the conclusions if the degree of haemolysis in plasma is not considered in animal models such as roe deer, for which the occurrence and severity of haemolysis vary according to individual characteristics. We recommend measuring and controlling for the degree of haemolysis be considered in future studies that investigate the causes and consequences of oxidative stress in ecophysiological studies.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111750
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https://hal.science/hal-04718578/file/Haemolysis%20overestimates%20plasma%20oxidative%20stress%20biomarkers%20free%20ranging%20roe%20deer.%20Herrada%20et%20al.%20%282024%29.pdf BibTex
titre
A second species of Stenasellus Dollfus, 1897 (Isopoda, Stenasellidae) from sulfidic groundwater of Iran described using morphological and molecular methods
auteur
Jure Jugovic, Mohammad Javad Malek-Hosseini, Colin Issartel, Lara Konecny-Dupré, Matjaž Kuntner, Yaser Fatemi, Jean-François Flot, Christophe Douady, Florian Malard
article
European Journal of Taxonomy, 2024, 968, ⟨10.5852/ejt.2024.968.2733⟩
resume
We report on a new species of Stenasellus Dollfus, 1897 (Isopoda, Stenasellidae) from groundwater of Iran. Stenasellus stygopersicus Jugovic, Malek-Hosseini & Issartel sp. nov. inhabits the Chah Kabootari Cave that is adjacent to the Tashan Cave, the type locality of the first recorded species of Stenasellidae from Iran, Stenasellus tashanicus Khalaji-Pirbalouty, Fatemi, Malek-Hosseini & Kuntner, 2018. Both caves are fed by sulfidic groundwater and belong to the Tashan-Chah Kabootari species-rich aquifer on the Zagros Mountains. Both species are characterized by a large body size (≥ 20 mm), a female-biased sexual size dimorphism, and a distinct black-pigmented Bellonci’s organ. Stenasellus stygopersicus differs from S. tashanicus by a short and wide protopodite of pleopod I, setae set essentially along the apical margin of pleopod I exopodite, the subequal length and width of the male pleopod II protopodite, and deeply bilobed endopodites of pleopods III–V. Molecular evidence suggests that while Stenasellus stygopersicus is sister to S. tashanicus, the species are genetically distinguishable, with divergence time estimates ranging from 23 to 39.8 Ma.
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DOI
DOI : 10.5852/ejt.2024.968.2733
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titre
Parameterizing Haverkamp Model From the Steady‐State of Numerically Generated Infiltration: Influence of Algorithms for Steady‐State Selection
auteur
Dario Autovino, Vincenzo Bagarello, Massimo Iovino, Laurent Lassabatere, Deniz Yilmaz
article
Hydrological Processes, 2024, 38 (11), ⟨10.1002/hyp.15330⟩
resume
BEST (Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters) methods of soil hydraulic characterisation are widely applied for estimating sorptivity, S , and saturated hydraulic conductivity, K s . Calculating these properties requires choosing the β and γ parameters of the Haverkamp infiltration model. These parameters can be obtained from numerically simulated three‐dimensional (3D) infiltration runs reaching steady‐state. This investigation tested dependence of the estimated β and γ parameters on the algorithm for steady‐state selection using simulated 3D cumulative infiltrations for different soils and initial conditions. Two algorithms used the original simulation outputs and included using (i) a threshold defining steadiness (T‐algorithm) and (ii) the last four data points, yielding a reference value of steady‐state infiltration rate (R‐algorithm). A third algorithm, similar to the R‐algorithm, was applied to previously re‐sampled infiltration data at fixed time intervals (RR‐algorithm). The intercept, b s , of the straight line fitted to the data describing steady‐state on the cumulative infiltration plot depended on the applied algorithm more than the slope of this line. Consequently, β varied with the applied algorithm more than γ . The RR‐algorithm, yielding 0.62 ≤ β ≤ 1.99 and 0.74 ≤ γ ≤ 0.98, was preferred since it mediated between advantages and disadvantages of T‐ and R‐algorithms. The influence of the choice of proper values for β and γ on the estimates of S and K s was evaluated using BEST. Using the default values of β (0.6) and γ (0.75) yielded accurate estimates of S but not of K s . Soil dependent β and γ values should be used in this case. A check of the reliability of the estimates of b s can be made by a sequential analysis of the cumulative infiltration data. Future developments include considering sources differing in size and establishing if the suggested β and γ values apply in general to the available BEST algorithms.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1002/hyp.15330
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https://hal.science/hal-04810771/file/Autovino_2024.pdf BibTex
titre
Characterization and prediction of hydraulic properties of traffic-compacted forest soils based on soil information and traffic treatments
auteur
Manon Martin, André Chanzy, Laurent Lassabatere, Arnaud Legout, Noémie Pousse, Stéphane Ruy
article
Annals of Forest Science, 2024, 81 (1), pp.47. ⟨10.1186/s13595-024-01265-4⟩
resume
Key message The hydraulic properties of compacted and rutted soils were evaluated through in-situ infiltration experiments and predicted based on soil texture class and traffic treatments. A significant decrease in saturated soil water content and soil hydraulic conductivity at saturation was observed. The resulting soil hydraulic parameters, when integrated into a soil water transfer model, effectively simulated water dynamics in these impacted forest soils, providing a crucial first step toward developing decision support tools for real-time trafficability. This approach can assist forest managers in minimizing the extent of soil compaction. Context To overcome trafficability issues of forest soils induced by heavy logging machinery, planning support tools are needed to determine suitable soil moisture conditions for traffic. Aims This study aimed to identify the soil properties that differ significantly between undisturbed and compacted soils and to provide several estimation tools to predict the hydraulic properties of compacted soils beneath the skid trails. Methods Four hundred seventeen water infiltration tests were conducted on 19 forest sites, mostly in North-eastern France, and analysed with the BEST method to estimate the hydraulic properties of the skid trails and undisturbed soils. The hydraulic properties of the skid trails were predicted thanks to linear mixed effect models using a bulk treatment effect, a site effect, or a skid trail degradation score. The predicted hydraulic properties were tested using a water flow model to assess their relevance regarding the prediction of water dynamics in skid trails. Results The compaction effect was only significant for the logarithm of the hydraulic conductivity at saturation (log 10 ( K sat )) and the soil water content at saturation ( θ sat ). For the skid trails, θ sat was reduced by - 0.02 and − 0.11 m 3 m −3 in the 0 − 10 cm and 15 − 25 cm layers respectively, compared to undisturbed topsoil (0 − 10 cm). log 10 ( K sat ) was reduced by − 0.38 and − 0.85 for skid trails in the 0 − 10 and 15 − 25 cm soil layers respectively, compared to undisturbed topsoil. The use of a pedotransfer function, in replacement of water infiltration tests, and their combination with the same correction coefficients proved to efficiently simulate the difference in water dynamics between skid trails and undisturbed forest soils. Conclusion Estimation of soil hydraulic properties based on in situ water infiltration experiments proved efficient to simulate water dynamics in compacted and rutted forest soils. Yet, further studies are needed to identify the most adapted pedotransfer function to forest soils and to test the generalisation of our findings in different conditions, especially deeply rutted soils (rut depths > 12 cm).
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1186/s13595-024-01265-4
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04792696/file/Martin_annalsOfForestScience_2024.pdf BibTex
titre
Hydraulic properties for a wide range of undisturbed and compacted French forest soils: in situ measurements and estimation with the BEST method
auteur
Manon Martin, André Chanzy, Laurent Lassabatere, Arnaud Legout, Noémie Pousse, Stéphane Ruy
article
Annals of Forest Science, 2024, 81 (1), pp.48. ⟨10.1186/s13595-024-01262-7⟩
resume
Key message The dataset provides hydraulic properties estimated using the Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer (BEST) method, on undisturbed and on compacted and rutted French forest soils. It allows a reliable assessment of the effect of traffic on soil permeability. However, hydraulic properties could not be estimated on extremely rutted soils, underscoring the necessity for tailored protocols for these conditions.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1186/s13595-024-01262-7
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04792781/file/Martin_analsofforestscience_2024.pdf BibTex
titre
The Inca child of the Quehuar volcano: Stable isotopes clue to geographic origin and seasonal diet, with putative seaweed consumption
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Eve Poulallion, Violeta Galván, Verónica Seldes, María Fernanda Zigarán, Gabriela Recagno Browning, François Fourel, Thibault Clauzel, Jean-Pierre Flandrois, Nicolas Séon, Laurent Simon, Romain Amiot, Christophe Lécuyer
article
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2024, 59, pp.104784. ⟨10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104784⟩
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104784
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https://hal.science/hal-04741268/file/1-s2.0-S2352409X24004127-main.pdf BibTex
titre
Impact of forced aeration on vertical flow treatment wetland performances for combined sewer overflow
auteur
Daniella Portela, K. Tondera, Stéphane Troesch, Pascal Molle
article
Ecological Engineering, 2024, 208, pp.107359. ⟨10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107359⟩
resume
Combined Sewer Overflow Treatment Wetlands (CSO wetlands) are designed to remove pollutants under stochastic events with variable hydraulic loads. Upgrading them with forced aeration promises to increase the effectiveness and resilience of the treatment. We have tested two vertical CSO wetlands with forced aeration (CSOa and CSOb) to understand the effects of aeration on CSO treatment. Both filter beds have 0.95 and 0.80 m of saturated layer. CSOa uses gravel as top filtering layer, while CSOb utilizes sand and an additional transition layer. Tracer tests were conducted in both filters with and without aeration to assess the impact of aeration on hydraulic performance. CSOa operated with four different aeration conditions, with the optimal condition tested on both filters for comparison. Samples were taken for analysis of global parameters and the redox potential was monitored online. In the tracer test, CSOa allowed to observe the mixing impact of aeration, which avoids any preferential path when influent entered the filter. The addition of a sand layer at the surface (CSOb) allows for a more even distribution of water on the top, which limits preferential flows when aeration is off. In both filters, the results showed that aeration increased the residence time and mixing degree (NTIS <3). Testing different aeration strategies revealed the dependence of dissolved pollutant removal on oxygen supply. In CSOa, the median outlet concentration varied from 23 to 6.4 mg.L 1 in TSS, 153 to 32 mg.L 1 total COD (CODt), 124 to 20 mg.L 1 soluble COD (CODs) and 5 to 2.5 mg.L 1 NH4-N according to aeration strategy. The lower outlet concentrations were always under the highest aeration condition. Under the optimal condition (75 min on/15 min off), median removal of CSOa was 97% TSS, 85% CODt, 78% CODs and 75% NH4-N. Besides COD and TSS, outlet concentration and removal efficiency did not significantly differ between CSOa and CSOb. Pollutant removal demonstrated a linear correlation with organic surface load. Overall, forced aeration in CSO-TW distinctly affected filter dynamics and improved its performance.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107359
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04673965/file/Portela%20et%20al.%20-%202024%20-%20Impact%20of%20forced%20aeration%20on%20vertical%20flow%20treatme.pdf BibTex
titre
Ionizing radiation has negligible effects on the age, telomere length and corticosterone levels of Chornobyl tree frogs
auteur
Pablo Burraco, Caitlin Gabor, Amanda Bryant, Vanessa Gardette, Thierry Lengagne, Jean-Marc Bonzom, Germán Orizaola
article
Biology Letters, 2024, 20 (11), pp.20240287. ⟨10.1098/rsbl.2024.0287⟩
resume
The accident that occurred at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant (Ukraine, 1986) contaminated a large extension of territory after the deposition of radioactive material. It is still under debate whether the chronic exposure to the radiation levels currently present in the area has long-term effects on organisms, such as decreases in longevity. Here, we investigate whether current levels of radiation in Chornobyl negatively impact the age of the Eastern tree frog Hyla orientalis. We also explore whether radiation induces changes in an ageing marker, telomere length or the stress hormone corticosterone. We found no effect of total individual absorbed radiation (including both external and internal exposure) on frog age (n = 197 individuals sampled in 3 consecutive years). We also did not find any relationship between individual absorbed radiation and telomere length, nor between individual absorbed radiation and corticosterone levels. Our results suggest that radiation levels currently experienced by Chornobyl tree frogs may not be high enough to cause severe chronic damage to semi-aquatic vertebrates such as this species. This is the first study addressing age and stress hormones in Chornobyl wildlife, and thus future research will confirm if these results can be extended to other taxa.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0287
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https://asnr.hal.science/irsn-04875045/file/rsbl.2024.0287.pdf BibTex
titre
Woodchip-filled trenches: A solution to enhance urban water infiltration capacity?
auteur
P. Louis, L. Delgado-Gonzalez, L. Lassabatère, S. Czarnes, J. Aubert, A. Imig, R. Clément
article
Geoderma, 2024, 451, pp.117057. ⟨10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117057⟩
resume
Urban water management has been increasingly relying on infiltration to limit the environmental impact of stormwater, secondary treated effluent and gray water. The infiltration systems used are generally based on nonrenewable drainage materials featuring a pronounced ecological footprint (i.e., excavation and transport), such as gravel. This paper investigates the possibility of using woodchips instead of traditional drainage materials. Our study examines flow dynamics in woodchip-filled infiltration trenches at four decentralized gray water sites, on a silty clay soil. Infiltration tests were conducted using the Beerkan method to measure soil infiltration capacity both beneath the woodchip-filled trenches and in adjacent soil. Soil hydraulic functions were determined according to the BEST method, then comparisons were drawn between the woodchip-filled trench and natural soil. Results indicate that woodchips locally maintain or enhance soil infiltration rates, with a hydraulic conductivity up to 200 times higher in woodchip-treated soil. Additional soil measurements and analyses serve to formulate hypotheses on how the woodchips actually contribute to these effects. Dye tracer experiments revealed preferential pathways facilitated by macro fauna (earthworms) and, most likely, plant roots. This last information input has been corroborated since earthworm counts did prove to be significantly higher in the woodchips than in the soil. A chemical analysis of the soils also showed a significant enrichment of carbon and nitrogen under the trench, which may also improve soil structure and stability and perhaps indirectly enhance water infiltration capacity. In summary, the presence of woodchips in infiltration trenches improves the soil hydraulic conductivity at saturation for systems that have been in use for 5 to 10 years. These findings underscore the potential of woodchips in sustainable urban water management in order to enhance the functionality and efficiency of drainage materials by means of limiting the clogging effect.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117057
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https://hal.science/hal-04752275/file/1-s2.0-S0016706124002866-main.pdf BibTex
titre
FreshLanDiv : A Global Database of Freshwater Biodiversity Across Different Land Uses
auteur
Minghua Shen, Roel van Klink, Alban Sagouis, Danielle K Petsch, Deborah Atieno Abong'O, Janne Alahuhta, Salman Abdo Al-Shami, Laura Cecilia Armendáriz, Mi‐Jung Bae, Tiago Octavio Begot, Jérôme Belliard, Jonathan Peter Benstead, Francieli F Bomfim, Emile Bredenhand, William R Budnick, Marcos Callisto, Lenize Batista Calvão, Claudia Patricia Camacho-Rozo, Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles, Fernando Geraldo Carvalho, Jacqueline Chapman, Lauren Chapman, Qiuwen Chen, Barry Chernoff, Luciana Cibils-Martina, Gerard Patrick Closs, Juliano J Corbi, Erlane José Cunha, Almir Manoel Cunico, Patricio de los Rios-Escalante, Sylvain Dolédec, Barbara Dunck, Augustine Ovie Edegbene, Augustin C Engman, Tibor Erős, Katharina Eichbaum Esteves, Ruan Carlos Pires Faquim, Ana Paula Justino Faria, Claudia Maris Ferreira, Márcio Cunha Ferreira, Pablo Fierro, Pâmela V Freitas, Vincent Fugère, Thiago Deruza Garcia, Xingli Giam, Gabriel Murilo Ribeiro Gonino, Juan David González‐trujillo, Éder André Gubiani, Neusa Hamada, Roger John Haro, Luiz Ubiratan Hepp, Guido Herrera-R, Matthew J Hill, A. Nurul Huda, Carlos Iniguez-Armijos, Aurélien Jamoneau, Micael Jonsson, Leandro Juen, Wilbert T Kadye, Kahirun Kahirun, Aventino Kasangaki, Chad A Larson, Alexandre Leandro Pereira, Thibault Leboucher, Gustavo Figueiredo Marques Leite, Dunhai Li, Ana Luiza-Andrade, Sarah H Luke, Matthew Joseph Lundquist, Daniela Lupi, Jorge Machuca-Sepúlveda, Messias Alfredo Macuiane, Nestor Javier Mancera-Rodriguez, Javier A Márquez, Renato Tavares Martins, Frank O Masese, Marcia S Meixler, Thaisa Sala Michelan, María José Monge-Salazar, Joseph L Mruzek, Hernan Diego Mugni, Hilton Garikai Taambuka Ndagurwa, Augustine Niba, Jorge Nimptsch, Rodolfo Novelo-Gutiérrez, Hannington Ochieng, Rodrigo Pacheco-Díaz, Young‐seuk Park, Sophia I Passy, Richard G Pearson, Alexandre Peressin, Eduardo Périco, Mateus Marques Pires, Helen Poulos, Romina E Principe, Bruno S Prudente, Blanca Ríos-Touma, Renata Ruaro, Juan Schmitter-Soto, Fabiana Schneck, Uwe Horst Schulz, Chellappa Selvakumar, Chhatra Mani Sharma, Tadeu Siqueira, Marina Laura Solis, Raniere Garcez Costa Sousa, Emily H Stanley, Csilla Stenger-Kovács, Evelyne Tales, Fabrício Barreto Teresa, Ian Thornhill, Juliette Tison-Rosebery, Thiago Bernardi Vieira, Sebastián Villada-Bedoya, James C White, Paul J Wood, Zhicai Xie, Catherine M Yule, João Antonio Cyrino Zequi, Jonathan M Chase
article
Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2024, 33 (12), 9 p.,e13917. ⟨10.1111/geb.13917⟩
resume
Motivation Freshwater ecosystems have been heavily impacted by land‐use changes, but data syntheses on these impacts are still limited. Here, we compiled a global database encompassing 241 studies with species abundance data (from multiple biological groups and geographic locations) across sites with different land‐use categories. This compilation will be useful for addressing questions regarding land‐use change and its impact on freshwater biodiversity. Main Types of Variables Contained The database includes metadata of each study, sites location, sample methods, sample time, land‐use category and abundance of each taxon. Spatial Location and Grain The database contains data from across the globe, with 85% of the sites having well‐defined geographical coordinates. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database covers all major freshwater biological groups including algae, macrophytes, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, fish and amphibians.
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DOI : 10.1111/geb.13917
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Assessing Soil Physical Quality in a Layered Agricultural Soil: A Comprehensive Approach Using Infiltration Experiments and Time-Lapse Ground-Penetrating Radar Surveys
auteur
Simone Di Prima, Gersende Fernandes, Maria Burguet, Ludmila Ribeiro Roder, Vittoria Giannini, Filippo Giadrossich, Laurent Lassabatere, Alessandro Comegna
article
Applied Sciences, 2024, 14 (20), pp.9268. ⟨10.3390/app14209268⟩
resume
Time-lapse ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys, combined with automated infiltration experiments, provide a non-invasive approach for investigating the distribution of infiltrated water within the soil medium and creating three-dimensional images of the wetting bulb. This study developed and validated an experimental protocol aimed at quantifying and visualizing water distribution fluxes in layered soils under both unsaturated and saturated conditions. The 3D images of the wetting bulb significantly enhanced the interpretation of infiltration data, enabling a detailed analysis of water movement through the layered system. We used the infiltrometer data and the Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters (BEST) method to determine soil capacitive indicators and evaluate the physical quality of the upper soil layer. The field survey involved conducting time-lapse GPR surveys alongside infiltration experiments between GPR repetitions. These experiments included both tension and ponding tests, designed to sequentially activate the soil matrix and the full pore network. The results showed that the soil under study exhibited significant soil aeration and macroporosity (represented by AC and pMAC), while indicators related to microporosity (such as PAWC and RFC) were notably low. The RFC value of 0.55 m3 m−3 indicated the soil’s limited capacity to retain water relative to its total pore volume. The PAWC value of 0.10 m3 m−3 indicated a scarcity of micropores ranging from 0.2 to 30 μm in diameter, which typically hold water accessible to plant roots within the total porosity. The saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, Ks, values ranged from 192.2 to 1031.0 mm h−1, with a mean of 424.4 mm h−1, which was 7.9 times higher than the corresponding unsaturated hydraulic conductivity measured at a pressure head of h = −30 mm (K−30). The results indicated that the upper soil layer supports root proliferation and effectively drains excess water to the underlying limestone layer. However, this layer has limited capacity to store and supply water to plant roots and acts as a restrictive barrier, promoting non-uniform downward water movement, as revealed by the 3D GPR images. The observed difference in hydraulic conductivity between the two layers suggests that surface ponding and overland flow are generated through a saturation excess mechanism. Water percolating through the soil can accumulate above the limestone layer, creating a shallow perched water table. During extreme rainfall events, this water table may rise, leading to the complete saturation of the soil profile.
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DOI : 10.3390/app14209268
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titre
Head anatomy and phylogenomics show the Carboniferous giant Arthropleura belonged to a millipede-centipede group
auteur
Mickaël Lhéritier, Gregory D Edgecombe, Russell J Garwood, Adrien Buisson, Alexis Gerbe, Nicolás Mongiardino Koch, Jean Vannier, Gilles Escarguel, Jérome Adrien, Vincent Fernandez, Aude Bergeret-Medina, Vincent Perrier
article
Science Advances , 2024, 10 (41), eadp6362. ⟨10.1126/sciadv.adp6362⟩
resume
The Carboniferous myriapod Arthropleura is the largest arthropod of all time, but its fossils are usually incomplete, limiting the understanding of its anatomy, ecology, and relationships. Micro–computed tomography applied to exceptionally preserved specimens from the Carboniferous Montceau-les-Mines Lagerstätte (France) reveals unprecedented details of its functional anatomy, such as the head and mouthparts. Arthropleura shares features with both millipedes and centipedes. Total-evidence phylogeny combining morphological and transcriptomic data resolves Arthropleura alone as a stem group millipede, but the inclusion of the highly incomplete Siluro-Devonian Eoarthropleura draws it deeper into the myriapod stem. Arthropleura suggests transitional morphology between clades united primarily by molecular information and underscores the value of total-evidence phylogenetics to understanding evolutionary history.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1126/sciadv.adp6362
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https://hal.science/hal-04746609/file/Lheritier%20et%20al%202024%20--%20Science%20Advances%20--%20Arthropleura.pdf BibTex
titre
Environmental DNA Particle Size Distribution and Quantity Differ Across Taxa and Organelles
auteur
Héloïse Verdier, T. Datry, Maxime Logez, Lara Konecny-Dupré, Maïlys Gauthier, Tristan Lefébure
article
Environmental DNA, 2024, 6 (5), pp.e598. ⟨10.1002/edn3.598⟩
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ABSTRACT The use of environmental DNA to detect species is now widespread in freshwater ecology. However, the detectability of species depends on many factors, such as the quantity of eDNA particles available in the environment and their state (e.g., free DNA fragments, organellar, or aggregated DNA particles). To date, the most advanced knowledge of the production and state of DNA particles concerns teleosts. Most often, these studies target mitochondrial genes, since they are present in multiple copies in a cell. However, it is likely that the characteristics of eDNA molecules vary greatly among taxa and genetic compartments, with direct consequences for species detection. Using an indoor mesocosm experiment, we compared the rate of mitochondrial and nuclear eDNA production and particle size distribution (PSD) of four distinct and common aquatic taxa (zebrafish, tadpole, isopod and mollusk). The tank water was filtered through a series of filters with decreasing porosity and mitochondrial and nuclear eDNA at each size fraction were quantified by qPCR. We found that the production and the size of eDNA particles varied greatly among taxa and genetic compartments. For most taxa, the number of nuclear eDNA particles released in water was higher than that of mitochondrial origin. The PSD of mt‐eDNA showed a pattern common to all taxa: the relative number of particles increased from the smallest size fractions (0.2 μm and less) to the largest (over 1.2 μm), while the distribution of nu‐eDNA was very different from one taxon to another. We also observed a high temporal variability in the quantity of eDNA particles and in PSD, although the latter was more complex to model. These results call for caution in how to sample and analyze eDNA in aquatic environments, particularly for organisms that emit small particles in small quantities such as isopods.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1002/edn3.598
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04739432/file/Environmental%20DNA%20-%202024%20-%20Verdier%20-%20Environmental%20DNA%20Particle%20Size%20Distribution%20and%20Quantity%20Differ%20Across%20Taxa%20and.pdf BibTex
titre
Taxonomic revision of in situ tree trunks and silicified wood from the Early Jurassic Kirkpatrick Basalt in the Mesa Range area, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica
auteur
Changhwan Oh, Jusun Woo, Marc Philippe, Benjamin Bomfleur, Donghyeok Kang, Jae-Hyuk Lee, Jong Ik Lee
article
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2024, 329, pp.105160. ⟨10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105160⟩
resume
Sedimentary interbeds between lava flows of the Early Jurassic Kirkpatrick Basalt, East Antarctica, are long known to contain abundant fossil wood, including in situ-preserved tree trunks. Following an initial brief report containing only preliminary taxonomic assessments, however, these trunks have never been studied in greater detail. Here, we provide a detailed wood-anatomical description of in situ trunks and associated float specimens of fossil wood from several localities in the Mesa Range. Four genera are identified: Agathoxylon Hartig, Bra- chyoxylon Hollick et Jeffrey, Mixoxylon Chernomorets et Sakala and Protocupressinoxylon-type wood. This set completely challenges the image that prevailed until now of a little diversified paleoxyloflora in Antarctica during the Jurassic.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105160
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Early-life glucocorticoids accelerate lymphocyte count senescence in roe deer
auteur
Lucas D Lalande, Gilles Bourgoin, Jeffrey Carbillet, Louise Cheynel, François Debias, Hubert Ferté, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Rebecca Garcia, Jean-François Lemaître, Rupert Palme, Maryline Pellerin, Carole Peroz, Benjamin Rey, Pauline Vuarin, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
article
General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2024, 357, pp.114595. ⟨10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114595⟩
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Immunosenescence corresponds to the progressive decline of immune functions with increasing age. Although it is critical to understand what modulates such a decline, the ecological and physiological drivers of immunosenescence remain poorly understood in the wild. Among them, the level of glucocorticoids (GCs) during early life are good candidates to modulate immunosenescence patterns because these hormones can have long-term consequences on individual physiology. Indeed, GCs act as regulators of energy allocation to ensure allostasis, are part of the stress response triggered by unpredictable events and have immunosuppressive effects when chronically elevated. We used longitudinal data collected over two decades in two populations of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) to test whether higher baseline GC levels measured within the first year of life were associated with a more pronounced immunosenescence and parasite susceptibility. We first assessed immunosenescence trajectories in these populations facing contrasting environmental conditions. Then, we found that juvenile GC levels can modulate lymphocyte trajectory. Lymphocyte depletion was accelerated late in life when GCs were elevated early in life. Although the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated, it could involve a role of GCs on thymic characteristics. In addition, elevated GC levels in juveniles were associated with a higher abundance of lung parasites during adulthood for individuals born during bad years, suggesting short-term negative effects of GCs on juvenile immunity, having in turn long-lasting consequences on adult parasite load, depending on juvenile environmental conditions. These findings offer promising research directions in assessing the carry-over consequences of GCs on life-history traits in the wild.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114595
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https://hal.science/hal-04696261/file/Lalande_2024_GCE.pdf BibTex
titre
Correction: DNA-based studies and genetic diversity indicator assessments are complementary approaches to conserving evolutionary potential
auteur
Sean Hoban, Ivan Paz-Vinas, Robyn Shaw, Luis Castillo-Reina, Jessica da Silva, J. Andrew Dewoody, Robert Ekblom, Ancuta Fedorca, Brenna Forester, W. Chris Funk, Julia Geue, Myriam Heuertz, Peter Hollingsworth, Alice Hughes, Margaret Hunter, Christina Hvilsom, Fumiko Ishihama, Rebecca Jordan, Belma Kalamujić Stroil, Francine Kershaw, Colin Khoury, Viktoria Köppä, Linda Laikre, Anna Macdonald, Alicia Mastretta-Yanes, Mariah Meek, Joachim Mergeay, Katie Millette, David O’brien, Victor Rincón-Parra, M. Alejandra Rodríguez-Morales, Meredith Schuman, Gernot Segelbacher, Paul Sunnucks, Rebecca Taylor, Henrik Thurfjell, Cristiano Vernesi, Catherine Grueber
article
Conservation Genetics, 2024, 25 (6), pp.1155-1157. ⟨10.1007/s10592-024-01642-6⟩
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DOI : 10.1007/s10592-024-01642-6
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Environmental Archaeology of an Urban Defensive Area at the Time of the Roman Conquest: New Insights from a Hilltop Pond in Lugdunum (Lyon, France)
auteur
Stéphane Gaillot, André-Marie Dendievel, Jacqueline Argant, Cédric Audibert, Laurent Bouby, Claire Delhon, Philippe Dessaint, Yanni Gunnell, Céline Maicher, Matthieu Le Bailly, Michèle Monin
article
Environmental Archaeology, In press, ⟨10.1080/14614103.2024.2403281⟩
resume
This study shows how fine and organic sediments in urban contexts can document landscape changes, anthropogenic activities and depositional processes. We focus on the transition between the late Iron Age and the Roman period in the city of Lyon (France), where an archaeological excavation conducted on Fourvière Hill aimed at understanding the evolution of a defensive site located south-west of the former Roman city. The discovery of a Gallic wall made of earth, wood and stone (murus gallicus) probably indicates the oppidum status of Lyon before the Roman colonisation. Fine-textured, organic and hydromorphic sediments containing a variety of artefacts (fine wares and amphora fragments) and abundant palaeoecological indicators (seeds, fruits, wood and charcoal fragments, pollen, shells, and parasites), were preserved at the foot of the rampart. A multidisciplinary study of these remains reveals the presence of a former hilltop pond surrounded by riparian woodlands with multi-proxy evidence of arable land or gardens, discharge from human settlements (consumption wastes, human parasites), and grazed areas (faecal inputs, animal parasites and plants tolerant to trampling). After several episodes of sediment inputs and backfill, the palaeoenvironmental record ended at the beginning of the Roman Empire, when a defensive wall was built over the site.
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DOI : 10.1080/14614103.2024.2403281
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Effective population size does not explain long-term variation in genome size and transposable element content in animals
auteur
Alba Marino, Gautier Debaecker, Anna-Sophie Fiston-Lavier, Annabelle Haudry, Benoit Nabholz
article
eLife, In press, ⟨10.7554/eLife.100574.1⟩
resume
Animal genomes exhibit a remarkable variation in size, but the evolutionary forces responsible for such variation are still debated. As the effective population size (N e ) reflects the intensity of genetic drift, it is expected to be a key determinant of the fixation rate of nearly-neutral mutations. Accordingly, the Mutational Hazard Hypothesis postulates lineages with low N e to have bigger genome sizes due to the accumulation of slightly deleterious transposable elements (TEs), and those with high N e to maintain streamlined genomes as a consequence of a more effective selection against TEs. However, the existence of both empirical confirmation and refutation using different methods and different scales precludes its general validation. Using high-quality public data, we estimated genome size, TE content and rate of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) as N e proxy for 807 species including vertebrates, molluscs and insects. After collecting available life-history traits, we tested the associations among population size proxies, TE content and genome size, while accounting for phylogenetic non-independence. Our results confirm TEs as major drivers of genome size variation, and endorse life-history traits and dN/dS as reliable proxies for N e . However, we do not find any evidence for increased drift to result in an accumulation of TEs across animals. Within more closely related clades, only a few isolated and weak associations emerge in fishes and birds. Our results outline a scenario where TE dynamics vary according to lineage-specific patterns, lending no support for genetic drift as the predominant force driving long-term genome size evolution in animals.
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DOI : 10.7554/eLife.100574.1
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Soil unsealing in Mediterranean schoolyards: what factors drive ant communities?
auteur
Louise Eydoux, Pierre Jay-Robert, Bernard Kaufmann, Mickael Hedde, Alan Vergnes
article
Urban Ecosystems, 2024, 27 (6), pp.2543-2555. ⟨10.1007/s11252-024-01608-z⟩
resume
Soil unsealing, the process of removing the impermeable top layer of soil, is increasingly advocated by urban planning policies. The role of unsealed areas in biodiversity conservation, particularly soil biodiversity, remains strongly understudied and especially in understanding the recolonization dynamics of soil biodiversity in these new habitats. Besides, the various types of soil cover resulting from soil unsealing could potentially influence the recolonization kinetics. This study focused on 79 unsealed plots located in 14 schoolyards along the French Mediterranean coast, investigating ant communities through the placement of 485 baits on unsealed plots. Two variables were considered: the duration since soil unsealing (1 or 2 years) and the type of soil cover (wood chips, plantations mulched with wood chips or lawns). Remarkably, these unsealed areas act as habitats for ants from their very first years of creation: a rich number of ant species (21 species; a fifth of the regional pool and 10% of the metropolitan French species) has been observed. Additionally, notable changes in ant communities were evident within a single year: plots unsealed for 2 years exhibited significantly higher indices of ant abundance and species richness compared to those unsealed for 1 year. However, the construction of these spaces influences the present communities, with wood chip-covered areas significantly less rich and abundant in ants compared to other ground cover types. These findings represent a promising starting point and offer insights into the potential of such projects for soil biodiversity conservation.
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DOI : 10.1007/s11252-024-01608-z
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titre
Assessing the strategic role of urban green spaces for habitat connectivity in multi-family residential plots
auteur
Marc Bourgeois, Thomas Boutreux, Gilles Vuidel, Paul Savary, Pauline Piot, Arnaud Bellec, Bernard Kaufmann
article
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2024, 99, pp.128471. ⟨10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128471⟩
resume
Urban green spaces are key for maintaining and restoring habitat connectivity within cities. Despite substantial investigations on the contribution to connectivity of different types of urban green spaces, the specific contribution of green spaces located in multifamily residential (MFR) plots has yet to be assessed. Estimating this contribution is crucial given the multiple roles fulfilled by these green spaces in urban planning. To achieve this goal, we focused on four taxa: the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), the Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), forest passerine birds and moths. We assessed the potential habitat connectivity for each taxon across the metropolitan urban area of Lyon (France), with landscape graphs built using 1-metre resolution land cover maps. Considering the current state as a reference, we then designed five land cover change scenarios affecting habitat distribution in the MFR plots: (i) maximum and (ii) minimum theoretical connectivity (references), (iii) improve quality of existing green spaces, (iv) improve quantity of green spaces with sub-optimal quality and, (v) maximum restoration (management scenarios). The taxon- and scenario-specific impacts highlight the crucial contribution of private spaces to habitat connectivity. For all taxa, while the MFR only cover 8 % of the study area, connectivity would increase by up to 60 % if these plots were greened. In contrast, sealing these plots could reduce overall connectivity by up to 40 %. The interpolation of local connectivity metrics for each habitat patch and each MFR plot allowed us to identify the most relevant plots for urban greening. Because our approach can improve habitat connectivity at different scales, from neighbourhoods to entire urban areas, it could prove useful for landscape planning in most urban settings.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128471
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https://hal.science/hal-04693393/file/2024_Bourgeois%20Boutreux%20et%20al_manuscript.pdf BibTex
titre
DNA-based studies and genetic diversity indicator assessments are complementary approaches to conserving evolutionary potential
auteur
Sean Hoban, Ivan Paz-Vinas, Robyn E Shaw, Luis Castillo-Reina, Jessica M D A Silva, J. Andrew Dewoody, Robert Ekblom, Ancuta Fedorca, Brenna R Forester, W. Chris Funk, Julia C Geue, Myriam Heuertz, Peter M Hollingsworth, Alice C Hughes, Margaret E Hunter, Christina Hvilsom, Fumiko Ishihama, Rebecca Jordan, Belma Kalamujić Stroil, Francine Kershaw, Colin K Khoury, Viktoria Köppä, Linda Laikre, Anna J Macdonald, Alicia Mastretta-Yanes, Mariah H Meek, Joachim Mergeay, Katie L Millette, David O’brien, Victor J Rincón-Parra, M. Alejandra Rodríguez-Morales, Meredith C Schuman, Gernot Segelbacher, Paul Sunnucks, Rebecca S Taylor, Henrik Thurfjell, Cristiano Vernesi, Catherine E Grueber
article
Conservation Genetics, 2024, 25, pp.1147-1153. ⟨10.1007/s10592-024-01632-8⟩
resume

Genetic diversity is essential for maintaining healthy populations and ecosystems. Several approaches have recently been developed to evaluate population genetic trends without necessarily collecting new genetic data. Such "genetic diversity indicators" enable rapid, large-scale evaluation across dozens to thousands of species. Empirical genetic studies, when available, provide detailed information that is important for management, such as estimates of gene flow, inbreeding, genetic erosion and adaptation. In this article, we argue that the development and advancement of genetic diversity indicators is a complementary approach to genetic studies in conservation biology, but not a substitute. Genetic diversity indicators and empirical genetic data can provide different information for conserving genetic diversity. Genetic diversity indicators enable affordable tracking, reporting, prioritization and communication, although, being proxies, do not provide comprehensive evaluation of the genetic status of a species. Conversely, genetic methods offer detailed analysis of the genetic status of a given species or population, although they remain challenging to implement for most species globally, given current capacity and resourcing. We conclude that indicators and genetic studies are both important for genetic conservation actions and recommend they be used in combination for conserving and monitoring genetic diversity.

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DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s10592-024-01632-8
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04684879/file/Hoban_Paz_et_al_2024_Cons_Genet.pdf BibTex
titre
Oxygen release from hemoglobin has limited effects on mitochondrial respiration measured from red blood cells. Reply to the Comment on “Increased retention of functional mitochondria in mature sickle red blood cells is associated with increased sickling tendency, hemolysis and oxidative stress”
auteur
Antoine Stier, Sofia Esperti, Elie Nader, Damien Roussel, Philippe Connes
article
Haematologica, 2024, ⟨10.3324/haematol.2024.286361⟩
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Not available.
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DOI
DOI : 10.3324/haematol.2024.286361
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https://hal.science/hal-04767106/file/2024-08-07_ResponseHAEMATOL.pdf BibTex
titre
Assisted migration in a warmer and drier climate: less climate buffering capacity, less facilitation and more fires at temperate latitudes?
auteur
Richard Michalet, Christopher Carcaillet, Florian Delerue, Jean‐Christophe Domec, Jonathan Lenoir
article
Oikos, 2024, 2024 (8), pp.e10248. ⟨10.1111/oik.10248⟩
resume
Assisted tree migration has been proposed as a conceptual solution to mitigate lags in biotic responses to anthropogenic climate change. The rationale behind this concept is that tree species currently growing under warmer and drier climates will be more resistant and resilient to the new climatic conditions than tree species naturally growing in currently wetter and colder climates. However, we hypothesize that, by being more stress‐tolerant to warmer and drier conditions, translocated species should exhibit different functional attributes, which could induce important ecological and societal costs and overcome the desired benefits of maintaining wood production and other ecosystem services. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to analyze variation in seven traits of 106 tree and tall shrub species from contrasting latitudinal distributions in western North America and Europe to predict the potential functional changes of forest ecosystems due to the translocation of tree species from low to high latitudes. We show that species from both continents differed primarily by their position on the leaf economy spectrum (LES) and their size traits. Even though, in Europe, differences in LES were significantly correlated to species southern latitudinal positions, in both continents differences in size traits were significantly correlated to latitude. These results suggest that assisted migration by translocating more conservative species of shorter stature in currently cooler climates should decrease the buffering capacity of forest canopies, decrease facilitation for understory species, and increase wildfire risks, whose effects have the potential to accelerate climate warming through negative atmospheric feedback processes. As an alternative solution to assisted migration that may accelerate rather than mitigate climate change, we recommend that foresters gradually diversify the vertical structure and layering of the existing forest canopy to maintain a sustainable water cycle and energy balance between the soil, the tree and the atmosphere without increasing the wildfire risk.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/oik.10248
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titre
Impact of temperature and season on ant foraging activity of two invasive species in a Mediterranean urban area
auteur
Giovanny Destour, Rumsaïs Blatrix, Aurélien Caries, Juliette Genevet, Bernard Kaufmann, Baptiste Lecoq, Annick Lucas, Killian Verlingue, Alan Vergnes, Marion Javal
article
Ecological Entomology, 2024, 49, pp.673-681. ⟨10.1111/een.13339⟩
resume
1. Invasive species often have harmful effects on human activities and biodiversity. The Tapinoma nigerrimum complex includes three species that exhibit invasive traits and the ability to form supercolonies, including Tapinoma magnum and Tapinoma darioi. While these species are native to the Mediterranean basin, they have recently been reported as invasive in more northern regions of Europe. However, T. magnum and T. darioi show different invasion patterns in Europe, suggesting differences in thermal preferences between these species. We aimed to determine whether there was any difference in activity pattern depending on temperature or season between the two Tapinoma species and between Tapinoma and co-occurring native Mediterranean ants.2. We measured ambient temperature and ant foraging activity around the nest entrances of T. darioi and T. magnum in urbanised sites around Montpellier, southern France, over almost 1 year.3. We did not detect differences in activity between the two species according to temperature, but T. magnum was more active than T. darioi in winter. Compared to the co-occurring native species, the two Tapinoma species were more active at low temperatures and earlier in the year.4. These results suggest that the difference in invasion success between T. magnum and T. darioi may not be explained by temperature preference. The difference in activity between native Mediterranean species and invasive Tapinoma suggests a coexistence through niche partitioning. In addition, our results suggest that control measures against invasive Tapinoma species would be more effective if applied at the end of winter.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1111/een.13339
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04597120/file/Destour_et_al_2024.pdf BibTex
titre
Les cyanobactéries benthiques : facteurs de prolifération et risques écologiques dans les eaux continentales
auteur
Sylvain Dolédec, Joël Robin, Charlotte Robichon, Delphine Latour, Fanny Perriere
article
Cahiers Scientifiques de la Fondation Pierre Vérots, 2024, 10
resume
Benthic cyanobacteria are photosynthetic micro-organisms that grow at the interface between sediment and water. The ability of certain strains to produce toxins and the increasingly frequent death of mammals linked to their ingestion highlight the health and ecological risks associated associated with their proliferation in rivers and ponds. In addition, thermal and hydrological changes hydrological changes resulting from climate change could exacerbate these proliferations. While planktonic blooms planktonic blooms are well documented, the ecological impact of benthic cyanobacterial as well as the periods and locations most at risk are little known. In this context, the objectives of Charlotte Robichon's thesis were (i) to identify the main environmental factors influencing the development of benthic cyanobacteria, (ii) investigate the link between these ecological and the concentrations of toxins produced, and (iii) to study the ecological impact of benthic cyanobacteria development of benthic cyanobacteria on benthic macroinvertebrate communities. The results of this work show that: (1) Hydraulic factors (current speed, depth, flow) exert a major influence on cyanobacteria development. This influence varies over the course of the summer, in line with the life cycle of biofilms of biofilms and in relation to variations in other environmental factors (nutrient concentrations development of Chlorophyceae). These results provide a management framework that calls into question current river water release practices; (2) Anatoxin-a concentrations measured in biofilms are generally higher in areas of low current underlining the potential health risk of these areas, which are generally used for bathing; (3) The presence of cyanobacteria in biofilms has a negative impact on the distribution of certain taxa benthic macroinvertebrates, but does not adversely affect their overall abundance or their biodiversity.
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Journal articles
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https://isara.hal.science/hal-04683393/file/Cahiers%20n%C2%B010.pdf BibTex
titre
Guideline Materials and Documentation for the Genetic Diversity Indicators of the Monitoring Framework for the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
auteur
Alicia Mastretta-Yanes, Sofía Suárez, Rebecca Jordan, Sean Hoban, Jessica da Silva, Luis Castillo-Reina, Myriam Heuertz, Fumiko Ishihama, Viktoria Köppä, Linda Laikre, Anna Macdonald, Joachim Mergeay, Ivan Paz-Vinas, Gernot Segelbacher, Alicia Knapps, Henry Rakoczy, Amelie Weiler, Angelica Atsaves, Kira Cullmann, Simone Bagnato, Brenna Forester
article
Biodiversity Informatics, 2024, 18, ⟨10.17161/bi.v18i.22332⟩
resume
Genetic diversity is fundamental to biological diversity, vital for species’ health and adaptation to environmental change. Under the recently adopted Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), 196 Parties committed to report the status of genetic diversity for both wild and domesticated species. For this, three genetic diversity indicators were developed, two of which focus on processes contributing to genetic diversity conservation: ensuring that populations are large enough to maintain genetic diversity (effective population size Ne 500 indicator) and maintaining genetically distinct populations (populations maintained, PM indicator). A third indicator focuses on the number of species being monitored using DNA-based methods. Adopted by 196 CBD Parties in December 2022, GBF integrated Ne 500 and PM as headline and complementary indicators, respectively. To aid nations in quantifying these indicators, a detailed set of guideline materials was developed, encompassing species selection, data compilation, and indicator computation. These guidelines draw from the collaborative efforts of the first multinational assessment of genetic diversity indicators that was recently completed and that will be refined continually through a versioning system, as more experience is gained and shared. The materials aim to support the global monitoring framework established by the CBD and are accessible online for utilization and updates. The guidelines are available at this link.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.17161/bi.v18i.22332
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04701101/file/3_BI_18_1_2024_Mastretta-Yanes_et_al%2B8.2.24.pdf%3Bfilename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%273_BI_18_1_2024_Mastretta-Yanes_et_al%2B8.2.24.pdf BibTex
titre
The Duration of Dry Events Promotes PVC Film Fragmentation in Intermittent Rivers
auteur
Nans Barthélémy, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Stefan Krause, Laurent Simon, Louise Mimeau, Alexandre Devers, Jean-Philippe Vidal, T. Datry
article
Environmental Science and Technology, 2024, 58 (28), pp.12621-12632. ⟨10.1021/acs.est.4c00528⟩
resume
The majority of microplastics (MPs) found in the environment originate from plastic fragmentation occurring in the environment and are influenced by environmental factors such as UV irradiation and biotic interactions. However, the effects of river drying on plastic fragmentation remain unknown, despite the global prevalence of watercourses experiencing flow intermittence. This study investigates, through laboratory experiments, the coupled effects of drying duration and UV irradiation on PVC film fragmentation induced by artificial mechanical abrasion. This study shows that PVC film fragmentation increases with drying duration through an increase in the abundance and size of formed MPs as well as mass loss from the initial plastic item, with significant differences for drying durations >50% of the experiment duration. The average abundance of formed MPs in treatments exposed to severe drying duration was almost two times higher than in treatments nonexposed to drying. Based on these results, we developed as a proof of concept an Intermittence-Based Plastic Fragmentation Index that may provide insights into plastic fragmentation occurring in river catchments experiencing large hydrological variability. The present study suggests that flow intermittence occurring in rivers and streams can lead to increasing plastic fragmentation, unraveling new insights into plastic pollution in freshwater systems.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1021/acs.est.4c00528
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https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04660274/file/Barthelemy%20et%20al.%202024.pdf BibTex
titre
Temporal trends of plastic additive contents in sediment cores of three French rivers (Loire, Meuse and Moselle) over the last decades
auteur
Alice Vidal, Gabrielle Seignemartin, Yoann Copard, Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier, Vincent Ollive, Laure Papillon, Christian Grenz, Frédérique Eyrolle, Richard Sempéré
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 931, pp.172849. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172849⟩
resume
Sediment cores from three major French watersheds (Loire, Meuse and Moselle) have been dated by 137Cs and 210Pbxs from 1910 (Loire), 1947 (Meuse) and 1930 (Moselle) until the present in order to reconstruct trajectories of plastic additive contaminants including nine phthalate esters (PAEs) and seven organophosphate esters (OPEs), measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS–MS). Historical levels of ∑PAEs were higher than those of ∑OPEs in the Loire and the Moselle sediments, while ∑PAEs and ∑OPEs contents were of the same order of magnitude in the Meuse sediments. Although increases in concentrations do not evolve linearly, our results clearly indicate an increase in OPEs and PAEs concentrations from the 1950–1970 period onwards, compared with the first half of the 20th century. Our results show that, ∑OPE contents increase gradually over time in the Loire and Meuse rivers but evolve more randomly in the Moselle River. Trajectories of ∑PAEs depend on the river and no generality can be established, suggesting sedimentary reworking and/or local contamination. Data from this study allowed comparisons of contents of ∑OPEs and ∑PAEs between rivers, with ∑OPE concentrations in the Moselle River > Meuse River > Loire River, and concentrations of ∑PAEs in the Loire River > Moselle River > Meuse River. Among all PAEs, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the most abundant in all sediment samples, followed by diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP). Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the most abundant OPE in sediments of the three rivers. In addition, strong positive Pearson correlations were observed between organic matter (OM) parameters and OPE concentrations, and to a lesser extent, between OM parameters and PAE concentrations. This is particularly true for the Moselle River and for the Loire River, but less so for the Meuse River.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172849
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https://asnr.hal.science/irsn-04579686/file/TRAJECTOIRE_Article_LMM.pdf BibTex
titre
Contrasting platinum trajectories in three major French rivers using dated sediment cores (1910–2021): From geochemical baseline to emerging source signals
auteur
Maxime Chastanet, Maxime Debret, Thomas Gardes, Jörg Schäfer, Mélina Abdou, Laurence Lestel, Amandine Morereau, Brice Mourier, Cécile Grosbois, Frederique Eyrolle, Alexandra Coynel
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 931, pp.172937. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172937⟩
resume
Platinum (Pt) is a Technology Critical Element (TCE) which, since the 1990s, has been mainly used in the industry in catalytic converters for automobile emission control. Previous studies have shown Pt contamination of road-side sediments and surface sediments in urban rivers and lakes but few of them have addressed temporal variations. The present work presents historical Pt concentration trends in 137Cs-dated sediment cores from floodplains or secondary channels at the outlets of three major French watersheds (Loire, Rhone, and Seine Rivers) covering the past ∼110 years, i.e., from the 1910s to 2021. Platinum baseline levels in the sediment were estimated for the Loire River (0.76 ± 0.22 μg kg−1 for the period ∼1910-∼1955) and the Rhone River (1.64 ± 0.41 μg kg−1), and historical Pt variations seem to reflect variations in hydrodynamics and grain size composition. Since the early 2000s, Pt concentrations in the Loire and the Rhone River sediments tend to increase (>2.5 μg kg−1) and were attributed to the use of car catalytic converters, an emerging technology since the 1990s using >50 % of European Pt demand. High and variable historical Pt concentrations (up to 14.6 μg kg−1) in the Seine River sediments may reflect legacy Pt sources due to former anthropogenic activities in this watershed, such as the use of Pt-based catalysts for petroleum refinery since the end of the 1940s, coal handling and precious metals refining, probably concealing the likely presence of an emerging traffic-related Pt signal. This first comparison of historical Pt concentration trends in sediments from contrasting watersheds allows to distinguish signals originating from different natural and anthropogenic sources (background level, historical sources, road traffic).
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172937
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titre
Temporal trajectories of artificial radiocaesium 137Cs in French rivers over the nuclear era reconstructed from sediment cores
auteur
Frédérique Eyrolle, Pierre-Alexis Chaboche, Hugo Lepage, Valerie Nicoulaud Gouin, Patrick Boyer, Anne de Vismes Ott, Gabrielle Seignemartin, Dominique Badariotti, François Chabaux, Maxime Chastanet, David Claval, Yoann Copard, Alexandra Coynel, Maxime Debret, Claire Delus, Cassandra Euzen, Thomas Gardes, Franck Giner, Rodolfo Gurriaran, Christian Grenz, Cécile Grosbois, Laurence Lestel, Benoît Losson, Laurence Mansuy-Huault, Emmanuelle Montarges-Pelletier, Amandine Morereau, Brice Mourier, David Mourier, Vincent Ollive, Laure Papillon, Jorg Schafer, Laurent Schmitt, Richard Sempere, Thierry Winiarski, Mathilde Zebracki, Olivier Evrard
article
Scientific Reports, 2024, 14 (14213), pp.1-16. ⟨10.1038/s41598-024-64505-7⟩
resume
137Cs is a long-lived man-made radionuclide introduced in the environment worldwide at the earlybeginning of the nuclear Era during atmospheric nuclear testing’s followed by the civil use of nuclearenergy. Atmospheric fallout deposition of this major artificial radionuclide was reconstructed atthe scale of French large river basins since 1945, and trajectories in French nuclearized rivers wereestablished using sediment coring. Our results show that 137Cs contents in sediments of the studiedrivers display a large spatial and temporal variability in response to the various anthropogenicpressures exerted on their catchment. The Loire, Rhone, and Rhine rivers were the most affected byatmospheric fallout from the global deposition from nuclear tests. Rhine and Rhone also receivedsignificant fallout from the Chernobyl accident in 1986 and recorded significant 137Cs concentrations intheir sediments over the 1970–1985 period due to the regulatory releases from the nuclear industries.The Meuse River was notably impacted in the early 1970s by industrial releases. In contrast, theSeine River display the lowest 137Cs concentrations regardless of the period. All the rivers respondedsimilarly over time to atmospheric fallout on their catchment, underlying a rather homogeneousresilience capacity of these river systems to this source of contamination.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-024-64505-7
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https://hal.science/hal-04624428/file/2024%20Eyrolle%20et%20al%20Scientific%20Reports%20137Cs.pdf BibTex
titre
Variation in reproductive strategies of two amphidromous gobies of the West Indies: Sicydium plumieri and Sicydium punctatum
auteur
Marion Labeille, Alain Devaux, Estelle Lefrançois, Khédidja Abbaci, Raphaël Santos, Aurélien Besnard, Sylvie Bony, Jean-Jacques Lareyre, Nils Teichert
article
Hydrobiologia, 2024, 851 (19), pp.4567-4584. ⟨10.1007/s10750-024-05609-z⟩
resume
The trade-off between current and future reproduction remains a central issue for understanding the diversity of fish life-histories along a slow-fast continuum. Fish living in rivers of tropical oceanic islands generally have a fast type life-history, but variations in key reproductive traits can occur in response to spatial changes in selection pressures. Here, we investigated the reproductive strategies of two sympatric amphidromous gobies widely distributed in Caribbean streams, Sicydium plumieri (n=308) and Sicydium punctatum (n=383), along a river gradient of Guadeloupe Island. Beyond the new insights provided on the reproductive traits (ovarian organization, gonadal development, length-at-maturity and spawning season), the histological observations of testes and ovaries revealed variation in reproductive strategies. Sicydium punctatum showed a time-minimizing strategy, featuring early reproduction, a high spawning frequency, an extended reproductive period, and a broad spawning area along the river course. Sicydium plumieri displayed a size-maximizing strategy, featuring a delayed maturity, lower spawning frequency, and a shorter reproductive period restricted to the upper reaches of rivers. We discuss the advantages provided by these two strategies in response to the spatial changes in predation and disturbance levels along the upstream-downstream continuum, which probably affects the survival rate and mortality risk before the first reproduction.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s10750-024-05609-z
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https://normandie-univ.hal.science/hal-04777811/file/AcceptedManuscript.pdf BibTex
titre
Human activities shape global patterns of decomposition rates in rivers
auteur
Scott Tiegs, Krista A Capps, David Costello, John Paul Schmidt, Christopher J Patrick, J. Follstad Shah, Carri J Leroy, Vicenç Acuña, Ricardo Albariño, Daniel Allen, Cecilia Alonso, Patricio Andino, Clay Arango, Jukka Aroviita, Marcus V.M. Barbosa, Leon Barmuta, Colden Baxter, Brent Bellinger, Luz Boyero, Lyubov Bragina, Lee Brown, Andreas Bruder, Denise Bruesewitz, Francis Burdon, Marcos Callisto, Antonio Camacho, Cristina Canhoto, María Castillo, Eric Chauvet, Joanne Clapcott, Fanny Colas, Checo Colón-Gaud, Julien Cornut, Verónica Crespo-Pérez, Wyatt Cross, Joseph Culp, Michael Danger, Olivier Dangles, Elvira de Eyto, Alison Derry, Veronica Díaz Villanueva, Michael Douglas, Arturo Elosegi, Andrea Encalada, Sally Entrekin, Rodrigo Espinosa, Verónica Ferreira, Carmen Ferriol, Kyla Flanagan, Alexander Flecker, Tadeusz Fleituch, André Frainer, Nikolai Friberg, Paul Frost, Erica Garcia, Liliana García-Lago, Pavel Ernesto García Soto, Mark Gessner, Sudeep Ghate, Darren Giling, Alan Gilmer, José Francisco Gonçalves, Rosario Karina Gonzales, Manuel A.S. Graça, Mike Grace, Natalie Griffiths, Hans-Peter Grossart, François Guérold, Vlad Gulis, Pablo Gutiérrez-Fonseca, Luiz Hepp, Scott Higgins, Takuo Hishi, Joseph Huddart, John Hudson, Moss Imberger, Carlos Iñiguez-Armijos, Mark Isken, Tomoya Iwata, David Janetski, Andrea Kirkwood, Aaron Koning, Sarian Kosten, Kevin Kuehn, Hjalmar Laudon, Peter Leavitt, Aurea Lemes da Silva, Shawn Leroux, Peter Lisi, Richard Mackenzie, Amy Marcarelli, Frank Masese, Peter Mcintyre, Brendan Mckie, Adriana Medeiros, Kristian Meissner, Marko Miliša, Shailendra Mishra, Yo Miyake, Ashley Moerke, Shorok Mombrikotb, Rob Mooney, Timothy Moulton, Timo Muotka, Junjiro Negishi, Vinicius Neres-Lima, Mika Nieminen, Jorge Nimptsch, Jakub Ondruch, Riku Paavola, Isabel Pardo, Edwin T.H.M. Peeters, Jesus Pozo, Aaron Prussian, Estefania Quenta, Brian Reid, John Richardson, Anna Rigosi, José Rincón, Geta Risnoveanu, Christopher Robinson, Lorena Rodríguez-Gallego, Todd Royer, James Rusak, Anna Santamans, Géza Selmeczy, Gelas Simiyu, Agnija Skuja, Jerzy Smykla, Ryan Sponseller, Kandikere Sridhar, Aaron Stoler, Christopher Swan, Franco Teixeira de Mello, Jonathan Tonkin, Sari Uusheimo, Allison Veach, Sirje Vilbaste, Lena B.-M. Vought, Chiao-Ping Wang, Jackson Webster, Paul Wilson, Stefan Woelfl, Guy Woodward, Marguerite Xenopoulos, Adam Yates, Chihiro Yoshimura, Catherine Yule, Yixin Zhang, Jacob Zwart
article
Science, 2024, 384 (6701), pp.1191-1195. ⟨10.1126/science.adn1262⟩
resume
Rivers and streams contribute to global carbon cycling by decomposing immense quantities of terrestrial plant matter. However, decomposition rates are highly variable and large-scale patterns and drivers of this process remain poorly understood. Using a cellulose-based assay to reflect the primary constituent of plant detritus, we generated a predictive model (81% variance explained) for cellulose decomposition rates across 514 globally distributed streams. A large number of variables were important for predicting decomposition, highlighting the complexity of this process at the global scale. Predicted cellulose decomposition rates, when combined with genus-level litter quality attributes, explain published leaf litter decomposition rates with high accuracy (70% variance explained). Our global map provides estimates of rates across vast understudied areas of Earth and reveals rapid decomposition across continental-scale areas dominated by human activities.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1126/science.adn1262
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https://hal.science/hal-04652223/file/adn1262_R2_clean_v3_noSM_ACCEPTED.pdf BibTex
titre
Impacts of hydrologic management on the eutrophication of shallow lakes in an intensive agricultural landscape (Saskatchewan, Canada)
auteur
Cale a C Gushulak, Amir M Chegoonian, Jared Wolfe, Kristen Gray, Stefano Mezzini, Bjoern Wissel, Brenda Hann, Helen M Baulch, Kerri Finlay, Peter R Leavitt
article
Freshwater Biology, 2024, 69, pp.984 - 1000. ⟨10.1111/fwb.14260⟩
resume

1. Hydrologic management of shallow lakes is often undertaken to prevent fluctuations in lake level, and to ensure sufficient water volume for economic, domestic, and recreational uses, but there is inconsistent evidence of whether lake-level stabilisation through hydrological management promotes or hinders eutrophication.

2. Here we used multi-proxy paleolimnological assessments of water quality (sedimentary carbon, nitrogen, total phosphorus, fossil pigments), and zooplankton community ecology (fossil Cladocera assemblages), combined with Landsatderived estimates of lake surface area in two shallow eutrophic lakes, in the Prairies of southern Saskatchewan, Canada, to quantify how 8 decades of contrasting hydrological management strategies (continuous or intermittent) affect primary production and phytoplankton composition.

3. Analysis revealed that irregular hydrological management of Pelican Lake led to sharp increases in primary production concomitant with lake-level decline. In contrast, continuously managed Buffalo Pound Lake, a drinking water reservoir for regional cities, exhibited slow, persistent eutrophication over decades despite active regulation of water levels. In both lakes, strong correlations of δ 15 N values with pigments from diazotrophic cyanobacteria (canthaxanthin) showed that N 2 -fixation increased during eutrophication irrespective of the timing of change.

Finally, variation in fossil cladoceran density and composition reflected changes in pelagic and littoral habitats (e.g., reduced macrophyte cover) due to changes in both lake level and water quality.

4. Basin comparison shows that while hydrologic management can moderate water quality degradation due to lake-level change, it does not prevent eutrophication when nutrient influx remains high.

typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1111/fwb.14260
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https://hal.science/hal-04835427/file/Freshwater%20Biology%20-%202024%20-%20Gushulak%20-%20Impacts%20of%20hydrologic%20management%20on%20the%20eutrophication%20of%20shallow%20lakes%20in%20an.pdf BibTex
titre
Liver mitochondrial coupling efficiency and its relationship to adenine nucleotide translocase content: A comparative study among crocodiles, birds and mammals
auteur
Damien Roussel, Nathan Roussel, Yann Voituron, Benjamin Rey
article
Mitochondrion, 2024, 78, ⟨10.1016/j.mito.2024.101909⟩
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101909
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https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-04648886/file/Art%20Roussel%20et%20al%20Revised%20version%20%28Mitochondrion%29%202024-1.pdf BibTex
titre
GTDrift: a resource for exploring the interplay between genetic drift, genomic and transcriptomic characteristics in eukaryotes
auteur
Florian Bénitière, Laurent Duret, Anamaria Necsulea
article
NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics, 2024, 6 (2), pp.lqae064. ⟨10.1093/nargab/lqae064⟩
resume
We present GTDrift, a comprehensive data resource that enables explorations of genomic and transcriptomic characteristics alongside proxies of the intensity of genetic drift in individual species. This resource encompasses data for 1506 eukaryotic species, including 1413 animals and 93 green plants, and is organized in three components. The first two components contain approximations of the effective population size, which serve as indicators of the extent of random genetic drift within each species. In the first component, we meticulously investigated public databases to assemble data on life history traits such as longevity, adult body length and body mass for a set of 979 species. The second component includes estimations of the ratio between the rate of non-synonymous substitutions and the rate of synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) in protein-coding sequences for 1324 species. This ratio provides an estimate of the efficiency of natural selection in purging deleterious substitutions. Additionally, we present polymorphism-derived Ne estimates for 66 species. The third component encompasses various genomic and transcriptomic characteristics. With this component, we aim to facilitate comparative transcriptomics analyses across species, by providing easy-to-use processed data for more than 16 000 RNA-seq samples across 491 species. These data include intron-centered alternative splicing frequencies, gene expression levels and sequencing depth statistics for each species, obtained with a homogeneous analysis protocol. To enable cross-species comparisons, we provide orthology predictions for conserved single-copy genes based on BUSCO gene sets. To illustrate the possible uses of this database, we identify the most frequently used introns for each gene and we assess how the sequencing depth available for each species affects our power to identify major and minor splice variants.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1093/nargab/lqae064
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https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-04609512/file/Be%CC%81nitie%CC%80re%20et%20al.%20-%202024%20-%20GTDrift%20a%20resource%20for%20exploring%20the%20interplay%20be.pdf BibTex
titre
Clearing the way for cheese processing
auteur
Mathilde Lagrola
article
Revue d'Anthropologie des Connaissances, 2024, 18 (2), ⟨10.4000/11r9p⟩
resume
Studies of raw milk processing have reported the diversity of knowledge and practices used by cheesemakers to maintain a microbial environment in the places and items where milk is processed. This article focuses on “hygiene” practices in farmhouse cheese production in Auvergne and Ariège (France). It describes the temporal sequence between these actions and those of manipulating the matter, and how these routines aim to avoid contamination by unwanted microorganisms through an awareness of movement. The article shows how these preparations are part of a continuum with manufacturing actions, but require the incorporation of specific knowledge. Finally, it highlights how, by preparing a space based on a distinction between “clean” and “dirty” spaces and objects, cleaning and tidying activities help to guide microorganisms’ work.
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DOI
DOI : 10.4000/11r9p
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titre
Optimization of glass separating funnels to facilitate microplastic extraction from sediments
auteur
Mohammad Wazne, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Manon Vallier, Stefan Krause, Nans Barthélémy, Laurent Simon
article
MethodsX, 2024, 12, pp.102540. ⟨10.1016/j.mex.2023.102540⟩
resume
Recent studies on the distribution of microplastics in aquatic sediments have deployed different methods and devices for density separation of microplastics from sediments. However, instrument specific limitations have been noted, including their high cost, difficulty in handling, or/and the potential for elevated contamination risk due to their plastic composition. This study improves existing sediment microplastic separation techniques by modifying the commonly used conical shape glass separating funnels. The modification consists in connecting a silicone tube at the base of the funnel, whose opening and closure was manually controlled by a Mohr clamp. This adjust- ment made to the funnels have effectively mitigated critical clogging problems frequently encoun- tered in density separation units. An experiment was conducted using sand-based sediment spiked with polyamide fragments to validate this method modification. Following a complete extraction protocol with the modification of separating funnels, the microplastic extraction efficiency from sediments was high with a 90% recovery rate. Based on these promising results, future studies should consider naturally diverse substrates, as recovery efficiency may be sediment-dependent. Two key adjustments to the glass separation funnels: • Removal of stopcocks • Use of silicone tubes and Mohr clamps to control sediment release
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102540
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https://hal.science/hal-04408775/file/2024-Wazne-MethodsX.pdf BibTex
titre
Best practices for genetic and genomic data archiving
auteur
Deborah Leigh, Amy Vandergast, Margaret Hunter, Eric Crandall, W. Chris Funk, Colin Garroway, Sean Hoban, Sara Oyler-Mccance, Christian Rellstab, Gernot Segelbacher, Chloé Schmidt, Ella Vázquez-Domínguez, Ivan Paz-Vinas
article
Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2024, 8, pp.1224-1232. ⟨10.1038/s41559-024-02423-7⟩
resume
Genetic and genomic data are collected for a vast array of scientific and applied purposes. Despite mandates for public archiving, data are typically used only by the generating authors. The reuse of genetic and genomic datasets remains uncommon because it is difficult, if not impossible, due to non-standard archiving practices and lack of contextual metadata. But as the new field of macrogenetics is demonstrating, if genetic data and their metadata were more accessible and FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) compliant, they could be reused for many additional purposes. We discuss the main challenges with existing genetic and genomic data archives, and suggest best practices for archiving genetic and genomic data. Recognizing that this is a longstanding issue due to little formal data management training within the fields of ecology and evolution, we highlight steps that research institutions and publishers could take to improve data archiving.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1038/s41559-024-02423-7
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https://hal.science/hal-04593895/file/Leigh_et_al_2024_preprint.pdf BibTex
titre
Mid-Holocene marine faunas from the Bangkok Clay deposits in Nakhon Nayok, the Central Plain of Thailand
auteur
Parin Jirapatrasilp, Gilles Cuny, László Kocsis, Chirasak Sutcharit, Nom Ngamnisai, Thasinee Charoentitirat, Satapat Kumpitak, Kantapon Suraprasit
article
Zookeys, 2024, 1202, pp.1-110. ⟨10.3897/zookeys.1202.119389⟩
resume
Based on several field investigations, many molluscan shells and chondrichthyan teeth, together with other invertebrate and actinopterygian remains were found from the marine Bangkok Clay deposits in Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok, at a depth of ~ 5–7 m below the topsoil surface. Animal macrofossils recovered from these Holocene marine deposits were identified and their chronological context was investigated in order to reconstruct the paleoenvironments of the area at that time. The majority of marine fossils recovered from the site consist of molluscs, with a total of 63 species identified. Other invertebrate species include a stony coral, a mud lobster, barnacles, and a sea urchin. The vertebrates are represented by fish remains, including carcharhinid shark teeth from at least nine species, stingray and trichiurid teeth, and one sciaenid otolith. The molluscan fauna indicates that the paleoenvironments of the area corresponded to intertidal to sublittoral zones, where some areas were mangrove forests and intertidal mudflats. The fish fauna is dominated by the river shark Glyphis , indicating freshwater influences and possibly occasional brackish conditions. The carbon-14 analysis of mollusc and charcoal remains shows that deposition of the marine sediment sequence began during the mid-Holocene, spanning approximately from 8,800 to 5,300 cal yr BP. This study provides in-depth insights into the diversity of fishes, marine molluscs, and other invertebrates from the Bangkok Clay deposits, supporting the existence of a marine transgression onto the Lower Central Plain of Thailand during the mid-Holocene.
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DOI : 10.3897/zookeys.1202.119389
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Estimation of contemporary effective population size in plant populations: Limitations of genomic datasets
auteur
Roberta Gargiulo, Véronique Decroocq, Santiago C. Gonzalez-Martinez, Ivan Paz‐vinas, Jean‐marc Aury, Isabelle Lesur Kupin, Christophe Plomion, Sylvain Schmitt, Ivan Scotti, Myriam Heuertz
article
Evolutionary Applications, 2024, 17 (5), ⟨10.1111/eva.13691⟩
resume
Effective population size ( N e ) is a pivotal evolutionary parameter with crucial implications in conservation practice and policy. Genetic methods to estimate N e have been preferred over demographic methods because they rely on genetic data rather than time‐consuming ecological monitoring. Methods based on linkage disequilibrium (LD), in particular, have become popular in conservation as they require a single sampling and provide estimates that refer to recent generations. A software program based on the LD method, GONE, looks particularly promising to estimate contemporary and recent‐historical N e (up to 200 generations in the past). Genomic datasets from non‐model species, especially plants, may present some constraints to the use of GONE, as linkage maps and reference genomes are seldom available, and SNP genotyping is usually based on reduced‐representation methods. In this study, we use empirical datasets from four plant species to explore the limitations of plant genomic datasets when estimating N e using the algorithm implemented in GONE, in addition to exploring some typical biological limitations that may affect N e estimation using the LD method, such as the occurrence of population structure. We show how accuracy and precision of N e estimates potentially change with the following factors: occurrence of missing data, limited number of SNPs/individuals sampled, and lack of information about the location of SNPs on chromosomes, with the latter producing a significant bias, previously unexplored with empirical data. We finally compare the N e estimates obtained with GONE for the last generations with the contemporary N e estimates obtained with the programs currentNe and NeEstimator.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/eva.13691
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titre
Temporal evolution of plastic additive contents over the last decades in two major European rivers (Rhone and Rhine) from sediment cores analyses
auteur
Alice Vidal, Laure Papillon, Gabrielle Seignemartin, Amandine Morereau, Cassandra Euzen, Christian Grenz, Yoann Copard, Frédérique Eyrolle, Richard Sempéré
article
Environmental Pollution, 2024, 348, pp.123655. ⟨10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123655⟩
resume
Although global plastic distribution is at the heart of 21st century environmental concerns, little information is available concerning how organic plastic additives contaminate freshwater sediments, which are often subject to strong anthropogenic pressure. Here, sediment core samples were collected in the Rhone and the Rhine watersheds (France), dated using 137Cs and 210Pbxs methods and analysed for nine phthalates (PAEs) and seven organophosphate esters (OPEs). The distribution of these organic contaminants was used to establish a chronological archive of plastic additive pollution from 1860 (Rhine) and 1930 (Rhone) until today. Sediment grain size and parameters related to organic matter (OM) were also measured as potential factors that may affect the temporal distribution of OPEs and PAEs in sediments. Our results show that OPE and PAE levels increased continuously in Rhone and Rhine sediments since the first records. In both rivers, ∑PAEs levels (from 9.1 ± 1.7 to 487.3 ± 27.0 ng g−1 dry weight (dw) ± standard deviation and from 4.6 ± 1.3 to 65.2 ± 11.2 ng g−1 dw, for the Rhine and the Rhone rivers, respectively) were higher than ∑OPEs levels (from 0.1 ± 0.1 to 79.1 ± 13.7 ng g−1 dw and from 0.6 ± 0.1 to 17.8 ± 2.3 ng g−1 dw, for Rhine and Rhone rivers, respectively). In both rivers, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the most abundant PAE, followed by diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), while tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the most abundant OPE. No relationship was found between granulometry and additives concentrations, while organic matter helps explain the vertical distribution of PAEs and OPEs in the sediment cores. This study thus establishes a temporal trajectory of PAEs and OPEs contents over the last decades, leading to a better understanding of historical pollution in these two Western European rivers.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123655
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titre
Femmes, cryptogamie et héritage rousseauiste au début du XIXè siècle
auteur
Sarah Benharrech, Marc Philippe
article
Journal de Botanique, 2024, 112, pp.16-32
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In 1833, Adrien de Jussieu was astonished by women’s interest in what he called “obscure plants”. According to him, most of the women who wrote about botany at the time were interested in plants without showy flowers. We discussed his astonishment and questioned the reality of his observation. Since this seems to be true, we consider two hypotheses that could explain a link between women and ‘obscure plants’, at least as the published sources, archives and collections seem to indicate. The reputation of the Linnaean sexual system as obscene may have been exaggerated, and women do not seem to have preferred cryptogams out of modesty. On the other hand, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, cryptogamy was clearly an underexplored field, the study of which was encouraged by many sources, with no age or gender restrictions, and where competition with men was therefore less intense. The case of Clémence Lortet, one of the best-known female botanists of the early nineteenth century, suggests that identical processes could explain the interest of women of this period and that of Jean-Jacques Rousseau in cryptogamy. The history of cryptogamy, a marginal field of botany, could make a useful contribution to a gendered history of botany.
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Inner ear morphology in wild versus laboratory house mice
auteur
Sabrina Renaud, Léa Amar, Pascale Chevret, Caroline Romestaing, Jean‐Pierre Quéré, Corinne Régis, Renaud Lebrun
article
Journal of Anatomy, 2024, 244 (5), pp.722-738. ⟨10.1111/joa.13998⟩
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The semicircular canals of the inner ear are involved in balance and velocity control. Being crucial to ensure efficient mobility, their morphology exhibits an evolutionary conservatism attributed to stabilizing selection. Release of selection in slow‐moving animals has been argued to lead to morphological divergence and increased inter‐individual variation. In its natural habitat, the house mouse Mus musculus moves in a tridimensional space where efficient balance is required. In contrast, laboratory mice in standard cages are severely restricted in their ability to move, which possibly reduces selection on the inner ear morphology. This effect was tested by comparing four groups of mice: several populations of wild mice trapped in commensal habitats in France; their second‐generation laboratory offspring, to assess plastic effects related to breeding conditions; a standard laboratory strain (Swiss) that evolved for many generations in a regime of mobility reduction; and hybrids between wild offspring and Swiss mice. The morphology of the semicircular canals was quantified using a set of 3D landmarks and semi‐landmarks analyzed using geometric morphometric protocols. Levels of inter‐population, inter‐individual (disparity) and intra‐individual (asymmetry) variation were compared. All wild mice shared a similar inner ear morphology, in contrast to the important divergence of the Swiss strain. The release of selection in the laboratory strain obviously allowed for an important and rapid drift in the otherwise conserved structure. Shared traits between the inner ear of the lab strain and domestic pigs suggested a common response to mobility reduction in captivity. The lab‐bred offspring of wild mice also differed from their wild relatives, suggesting plastic response related to maternal locomotory behavior, since inner ear morphology matures before birth in mammals. The signature observed in lab‐bred wild mice and the lab strain was however not congruent, suggesting that plasticity did not participate to the divergence of the laboratory strain. However, contrary to the expectation, wild mice displayed slightly higher levels of inter‐individual variation than laboratory mice, possibly due to the higher levels of genetic variance within and among wild populations compared to the lab strain. Differences in fluctuating asymmetry levels were detected, with the laboratory strain occasionally displaying higher asymmetry scores than its wild relatives. This suggests that there may indeed be a release of selection and/or a decrease in developmental stability in the laboratory strain.
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DOI : 10.1111/joa.13998
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titre
Contribution of different land use catchments on the microplastic pollution in detention basin sediments
auteur
Zoé Iannuzzi, Brice Mourier, Thierry Winiarski, Gislain Lipeme-Kouyi, Philippe Polomé, Rémy Bayard
article
Environmental Pollution, 2024, 348, pp.123882. ⟨10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123882⟩
resume
The assessment of microplastic (MP) pollution in urban areas is essential considering its abundance in freshwater, particularly due to urban wet weather discharge. The precise sources of MPs must be identified to better un- derstand its characteristics. This study examines the relationship between MP pollution in detention basin sediments and land use in the investigated catchments. The study of stormwater management infrastructure, mainly in detention basins, has enabled the quantification of MP abundance in sediments conveyed by storm- water in urban areas. Sediment sampling was conducted in ten detention basins and one combined sewer overflow (CSO) structure in the Lyon metropolitan area, France. These basins correspond to stormwater outlets of representative urban catchment areas. MP extraction involves densimetric separation and organic matter degradation. MPs were then characterized using micro-Fourier infrared spectroscopy and siMPle software. This protocol identified MPs between 50 and 500 μm in the study sites. This study highlights the high abundance in the collected sediment samples, ranging from 2,525 to 1,218,82 MP kg− 1 by dry weight sediment. The MPs found have a median size around 115 μm, making them very small MPs that are mainly composed of polypropylene followed by polyethylene and polystyrene or polyethylene terephthalate. The abundance of MPs in sediments is associated with the land use type. Catchments in predominantly industrial and commercial zones were more significantly polluted with MPs compared with those in predominantly agricultural or heterogeneous zones. Finally, statistical analyses revealed links between sedimentary and urban parameters and MPs concentrations. Several recommendations are given for future research, notably concerning the analyzing of stormwater sedi- ments to understand the sources of MP pollution.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123882
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Top-down control of climate on long-term interactions between fires, tree-cover and soil erosion in a Mediterranean mountain, Corsica
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Bérangère Leys, Lauriane Ribas-Deulofeu, Laurent Dezileau, Christopher Carcaillet
article
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024, 331, pp.108602. ⟨10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108602⟩
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Fire is a potential significant driver of soil erosion in the Mediterranean area, as it results in the partial removal of vegetation and the alteration of organic matter, affecting soil structure and stability. The erosion of particle sizes is influenced by the intensity and duration of rainfall, regulated by disturbance regimes and vegetation cover. We hypothesize that, during the Holocene, high fire frequency and intensity under precipitation control may have contributed to soil erosion, while plant cover and composition could have mitigated it. This plant cover, in turn, might have been influenced by biomass burning. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a detailed analysis of sediments spanning the last 11,500 years from a small mountain lake, Corsica, situated in the black pine forest belt. The high temporal resolution analysis (∼10 years per sample), used granulometry and loss-on-ignition as proxies for erosion and ecosystem productivity in both the lake and watershed, and fire and plant macroremains as fire and tree cover proxies, respectively. The correlation between particle size and the contents of organic or mineral matter with mean fire return intervals (FRI) revealed significant patterns. Long fire intervals were associated with more fine and coarse sands, whereas short mean FRI positively correlated with clay and, fine and coarse silt, along with higher total mineral and organic matter contents. These findings suggest that fires were more frequent when rain duration was sustained but runoff intensity was lower. Conversely, wildfires were less frequent during intense runoff periods (wetter climate). Unlike fire frequency, fire severity did not correlate with erosion, and tree cover and plant richness had minimal to no effect. The 8.2 kyr event was characterized by runoff transporting primarily coarse sands, i.e. a dry period with very intense rains. This suggests that the system is primarily top-down controlled by climate. Multimillennial erosion trends are influenced by fire frequency and precipitation regimes, whereas vegetation does not seem to have a mitigating effect on this process.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108602
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Environmental DNA highlights the influence of salinity and agricultural run-off on coastal fish assemblages in the Great Barrier Reef region
auteur
Aashi Parikh, Johan Pansu, Adam Stow, Michael St J. Warne, Christine Chivas, Paul Greenfield, Frédéric Boyer, Stuart Simpson, Rachael Smith, Jacob Gruythuysen, Geoffrey Carlin, Natalie Caulfield, Frédérique Viard, Anthony A Chariton
article
Environmental Pollution, 2024, 349, pp.123954. ⟨10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123954⟩
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Agricultural run-off in Australia's Mackay-Whitsunday region is a major source of nutrient and pesticide pollution to coastal and inshore ecosystems of the Great Barrier Reef. While the effects of run-off are well documented for the region's coral and seagrass habitats, the ecological impacts on estuaries, the direct recipients of run-off, are less known. This is particularly true for fish communities, which are shaped by the physico-chemical properties of coastal waterways that vary greatly in tropical regions. To address this knowledge gap, we used environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to examine fish assemblages at four locations (three estuaries and a harbour) subjected to varying levels of agricultural run-off during a wet and dry season. Pesticide and nutrient concentrations were markedly elevated during the sampled wet season with the influx of freshwater and agricultural run-off. Fish taxa richness significantly decreased in all three estuaries (F = 164.73, P = <0.001), along with pronounced changes in community composition (F = 46.68, P = 0.001) associated with environmental variables (largely salinity: 27.48% contribution to total variance). In contrast, the nearby Mackay Harbour exhibited a far more stable community structure, with no marked changes in fish assemblages observed between the sampled seasons. Among the four sampled locations, variation in fish community composition was more pronounced within the wet season (F = 2.5, P = 0.001). Notably, variation in the wet season was significantly correlated with agricultural contaminants (phosphorus: 6.25%, pesticides: 5.22%) alongside environmental variables (salinity: 5.61%, DOC: 5.57%). Historically contaminated and relatively unimpacted estuaries each demonstrated distinct fish communities, reflecting their associated catchment use. Our findings emphasise that while seasonal effects play a key role in shaping the community structure of fish in this region, agricultural contaminants are also important contributors in estuarine systems.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123954
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Time-varying microplastic contributions of a large urban and industrial area to river sediments
auteur
E. Dhivert, J. Pruvost, T. Winiarski, Johnny Gasperi, F. Delor-Jestin, Bruno Tassin, B. Mourier
article
Environmental Pollution, 2024, 347, pp.123702. ⟨10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123702⟩
resume
The quantification of microplastic (MP) pollution in rivers is often constrained by a lack of historical data on a multi-decadal scale, which hinders the evaluation of public policies. In this study, MP contents and trends were analyzed in dated sediment cores sampled upstream and downstream of a large metropolis, in environmental deposits that exhibited consistent sedimentation patterns from the 1980s to 2021. After a thorough sedimen- tological analysis, MPs were quantified in samples by micro Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (μFTIR imaging) and a density separation and organic matter digestion procedure. Microplastics recorded in the up- stream core are relatively ubiquitous all along the dated sequence. The results also confirmed a sever increase of microplastics levels in the downstream core, by one order of magnitude, and an increase of polymer types. Polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene represent ubiquitous contamination and were predominant at the two stations, whereas polyvinyl chloride and polytetrafluoroethylene were suspected to be abundant at the downstream station, but were not detected at the upstream station. Their presence could be linked to local contamination from specific industrial sources that manufactured and utilized these polymers. Surprisingly, in the downstream station sediment has recorded a relative improvement in polymers associated with industrial sources since the 2000s and, to a lesser extent, for ubiquitous ones since the 2010s. This trend of mitigation diverges from that of global assessments, that assume uncontrolled MP pollution, and suggest that European Union wastewater policy and regulation on industrial discharges have positively influenced water quality, and certainly also on MPs. However, the accumulation of microplastics remains high in recent deposits and raises the emerging concern of the long-term management of these reservoirs.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123702
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A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Tapinoma Mayr 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
auteur
Bernhard Seifert, Bernard Kaufmann, Lorenzo Fraysse
article
Zootaxa, 2024, 5435 (1), pp.1-74. ⟨10.11646/zootaxa.5435.1.1⟩
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A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Tapinoma Emery 1861 is provided. Due to the extreme rarity of discernable characters, the female castes of 64% of the species are not separable by primary visual perception of an expert and are thus truly cryptic. The main working rationale of the revision is Numeric Morphology-Based Alpha-Taxonomy (NUMOBAT) with formation of species hypotheses largely based on exploratory data analyses and checking these hypotheses by discriminant analysis. NUMOBAT data of all considered species comprise 648 worker samples with 2014 individuals and 30,000 primary data. Species are depicted by z-stack imaging in three standard visual positions. Numeric data on 15 phenotypical characters are presented in comparative tables and supplementary verbal descriptions are given. Analysis of nuclear DNA was based on evaluation of 15 microsatellite loci in 274 nest samples. The NUMOBAT-based classification of eight species of the Tapinoma nigerrimum and T. simrothi group which are inseparable by subjective visual inspection was confirmed by nuclear DNA data in 98.3% of 169 samples where both morphological and nuDNA data were available. The three cases of disagreement between NUMOBAT and nuDNA classification were discussed. Excluding Nomina Nuda and unavailable names, the revision recognized 34 available names which divide into 21 valid species, 11 junior synonyms and two names placed under Incertae Sedis. Four species are described as new: Tapinoma hispanicum n. sp., T. insularis n. sp., T. dabashanica n. sp. and T. sichuense n. sp. The following synonymies were stated: T. collina Foerster 1850, T. erraticum platyops Emery 1925 and T. erraticum bononiensis Emery 1925 as synonyms of T. erraticum (Latreille 1798); T. tauridis Emery 1925 and T. breve Emery 1925 as synonyms of T. glabrella (Nylander 1849) that is erected to species level; T. minor Bernard 1945 as synonym of T. simrothi Krausse-Heldrungen 1911; T. simrothi azerbaidzhanica Karavajev 1932 as synonym of Tapinoma karavaievi Emery 1925 that is erected here to species level; T. erraticum ambiguum Emery 1925 as synonym of T. madeirense Forel 1895 and T. emeryanum Kuznetzov-Ugamsky 1927 as synonym of T. sinense Emery 1925. Despite an insufficient separation of the female castes of Tapinoma madeirense and T. subboreale Seifert 2011 by NUMOBAT characters and detection of a hybrid zone in southern France, the heterospecific status of the two taxa was maintained based on sufficient differences in male genitalia and of nuclear DNA over a larger geographic scale. Formica caerulescens Losana 1834 is removed from genus Tapinoma and recognized as member of the subfamily Formicinae.
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DOI : 10.11646/zootaxa.5435.1.1
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Too simple, too complex, or just right? Advantages, challenges, and guidance for indicators of genetic diversity
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Sean Hoban, Jessica da Silva, Alice Hughes, Margaret Hunter, Belma Kalamujić Stroil, Linda Laikre, Alicia Mastretta-Yanes, Katie Millette, Ivan Paz-Vinas, Lucia Ruiz Bustos, Robyn Shaw, Cristiano Vernesi, Chris Funk, Catherine Grueber, Francine Kershaw, Anna Macdonald, Mariah Meek, Cinnamon Mittan, David O'Brien, Rob Ogden, Gernot Segelbacher
article
Bioscience, 2024, 74 (4), pp.269-280. ⟨10.1093/biosci/biae006⟩
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Abstract Measuring genetic diversity of wild species using DNA-based data remains resource intensive and time consuming for nearly all species. However, genetic assessments are needed for global conservation commitments, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, and for governments and managers to evaluate conservation progress, as well as prioritizing species and populations to preserve and recover genetic diversity (e.g., via genetic rescue). Recently, indicators were developed for tracking and reporting genetic diversity status and trends for hundreds of species. The indicators quantify two simple proxies of within-population and among-population genetic diversity and adaptive potential: small effective population size (Ne < 500) and the loss of genetically distinct populations. The indicators must balance scientific credibility, practicality, and simplicity. In the present article, we summarize the advantages of these pragmatic indicators, address critiques by scientists for simplifying assumptions and by policymakers for complexity, and propose potential solutions and next steps. We aim to support practitioners putting indicators into policy, action, legislation, and reporting.
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DOI : 10.1093/biosci/biae006
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The relationships between biotic uniqueness and abiotic uniqueness are context dependent across drainage basins worldwide
auteur
Henna Snåre, Jorge García-Girón, Janne Alahuhta, Luis Mauricio Bini, Pál Boda, Núria Bonada, Leandro Brasil, Marcos Callisto, Diego Castro, Kai Chen, Zoltán Csabai, Thibault Datry, Sami Domisch, Jaime García-Marquez, Mathieu Floury, Nikolai Friberg, Brian Gill, Juan David González-Trujillo, Emma Göthe, Peter Haase, Neusa Hamada, Matthew Hill, Jan Hjort, Leandro Juen, Jonathan Jupke, Ana Paula Justino de Faria, Zhengfei Li, Raphael Ligeiro, Marden Linares, Ana Luiza-Andrade, Diego Macedo, Kate Mathers, Andres Mellado-Diaz, Djuradj Milosevic, Nabor Moya, N. Leroy Poff, Robert Rolls, Fabio Roque, Victor Saito, Leonard Sandin, Ralf Schäfer, Alberto Scotti, Tadeu Siqueira, Renato Tavares Martins, Francisco Valente-Neto, Beixin Wang, Jun Wang, Zhicai Xie, Jani Heino
article
Landscape Ecology, 2024, 39 (4), pp.86. ⟨10.1007/s10980-024-01883-3⟩
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Abstract Context Global change, including land-use change and habitat degradation, has led to a decline in biodiversity, more so in freshwater than in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the research on freshwaters lags behind terrestrial and marine studies, highlighting the need for innovative approaches to comprehend freshwater biodiversity. Objectives We investigated patterns in the relationships between biotic uniqueness and abiotic environmental uniqueness in drainage basins worldwide. Methods We compiled high-quality data on aquatic insects (mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies at genus-level) from 42 drainage basins spanning four continents. Within each basin we calculated biotic uniqueness (local contribution to beta diversity, LCBD) of aquatic insect assemblages, and four types of abiotic uniqueness (local contribution to environmental heterogeneity, LCEH), categorized into upstream land cover, chemical soil properties, stream site landscape position, and climate. A mixed-effects meta-regression was performed across basins to examine variations in the strength of the LCBD-LCEH relationship in terms of latitude, human footprint, and major continental regions (the Americas versus Eurasia). Results On average, relationships between LCBD and LCEH were weak. However, the strength and direction of the relationship varied among the drainage basins. Latitude, human footprint index, or continental location did not explain significant variation in the strength of the LCBD-LCEH relationship. Conclusions We detected strong context dependence in the LCBD-LCEH relationship across the drainage basins. Varying environmental conditions and gradient lengths across drainage basins, land-use change, historical contingencies, and stochastic factors may explain these findings. This context dependence underscores the need for basin-specific management practices to protect the biodiversity of riverine systems.
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DOI : 10.1007/s10980-024-01883-3
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Surface temperatures are influenced by handling stress independently of corticosterone levels in wild king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus)
auteur
Agnès Lewden, Chelsea Ward, Aude Noiret, Sandra Avril, Lucie Abolivier, Caroline Gérard, Tracey Hammer, Émilie Raymond, Jean-Patrice Robin, Vincent Viblanc, Pierre Bize, Antoine Stier
article
Journal of Thermal Biology, 2024, 121, pp.103850. ⟨10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103850⟩
resume
Assessing the physiological stress responses of wild animals opens a window for understanding how organisms cope with environmental challenges. Since stress response is associated with changes in body temperature, the use of body surface temperature through thermal imaging could help to measure acute and chronic stress responses non -invasively. We used thermal imaging, acute handling -stress protocol and an experimental manipulation of corticosterone (the main glucocorticoid hormone in birds) levels in breeding king penguins ( Aptenodytes patagonicus ), to assess: 1. The potential contribution of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis in mediating chronic and acute stress -induced changes in adult surface temperature, 2. The influence of HPA axis manipulation on parental investment through thermal imaging of eggs and brooded chicks, and 3. The impact of parental treatment on offspring thermal ' s response to acute handling. Maximum eye temperature ( T eye ) increased and minimum beak temperature ( T beak ) decreased in response to handling stress in adults, but neither basal nor stress -induced surface temperatures were significantly affected by corticosterone implant. While egg temperature was not significantly influenced by parental treatment, we found a surprising pattern for chicks: chicks brooded by the (non -implanted) partner of corticosterone-implanted individuals exhibited higher surface temperature (both T eye and T beak ) than those brooded by glucocorticoidimplanted or control parents. Chick ' s response to handling in terms of surface temperature was characterized by a drop in both T eye and T beak independently of parental treatment. We conclude that the HPA axis seems unlikely to play a major role in determining chronic or acute changes in surface temperature in king penguins. Changes in surface temperature may primarily be mediated by the Sympathetic -Adrenal -Medullary (SAM) axis in response to stressful situations. Our experiment did not reveal a direct impact of parental HPA axis manipulation on parental investment (egg or chick temperature), but a potential influence on the partner ' s brooding behaviour.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103850
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Both nuclear and cytoplasmic polymorphisms are involved in genetic conflicts over male fertility in the gynodioecious snail, Physa acuta
auteur
Fanny Laugier, Nathanaëlle Saclier, Kévin Béthune, Axelle Braun, Lara Konecny-Dupré, Tristan Lefébure, Émilien Luquet, Sandrine Plénet, Jonathan Romiguier, Patrice David
article
Evolution - International Journal of Organic Evolution, 2024, 78 (7), pp.1227-1236. ⟨10.1093/evolut/qpae053⟩
resume

Gynodioecy, the coexistence of hermaphrodites with females, often reflects conflicts between cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) genes and nuclear genes restoring male fertility. CMS is frequent in plants, and has been recently discovered in one animal: the freshwater snail Physa acuta. In this system, CMS was linked to a single divergent mitochondrial genome (D), devoid of apparent nuclear restoration. Our study uncovers a second, novel CMS-associated mitogenome (K) in Physa acuta, demonstrating an extraordinary acceleration of molecular evolution throughout the entire K mitochondrial genome, akin to the previously observed pattern in D. This suggests a pervasive occurrence of accelerated evolution in both CMSassociated lineages. Through a 17-generation introgression experiment, we further show that nuclear polymorphisms in K-mitogenome individuals contribute to the restoration of male function in natural populations. Our results underscore shared characteristics in gynodioecy between plants and animals, emphasizing the presence of multiple CMS mitotypes and cytonuclear conflicts. This reaffirms the pivotal role of mitochondria in influencing male function and in generating genomic conflicts that impact reproductive processes in animals.

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DOI : 10.1093/evolut/qpae053
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titre
Osteology of Crocodylus palaeindicus from the late Miocene–Pleistocene of South Asia and the phylogenetic relationships of crocodyloids
auteur
Nils Chabrol, Advait M Jukar, Rajeev Patnaik, Philip D. Mannion
article
Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2024, 22 (1), ⟨10.1080/14772019.2024.2313133⟩
resume
Fossil crocodylian remains have been documented from India and other parts of South Asia since the mid-nineteenth century, but specimens attributed to several extinct and extant species of Crocodylus have largely been neglected in modern taxonomic treatments. Here, we present a detailed anatomical description of the extinct species Crocodylus palaeindicus, which we restrict to the late Miocene to early middle Pleistocene of India. Using an autapomorphy-based approach to species-level identification, we regard Crocodylus sivalensis as a junior synonym of C. palaeindicus and provide taxonomic re-identifications of all specimens previously referred to these two species. We present a new diagnosis for C. palaeindicus that facilitates its distinction from the extant mugger crocodile, C. palustris, which does not unequivocally appear in the fossil record prior to the Pleistocene. The lack of clear spatiotemporal overlap, coupled with the otherwise lengthy ghost lineage implied by their sister-taxon relationship in our phylogenetic analyses, provides tentative support that the extant species either is the descendant of C. palaeindicus or originated via budding cladogenesis. An expanded phylogenetic analysis recovers the late Miocene African C. checchiai and Pliocene South American C. falconensis as species within the Neotropical Crocodylus clade, supporting an African origin for this radiation. We also recover Kinyang, from the early–middle Miocene of Kenya, as a crocodyline, rather than an osteolaemine as originally described, and it is potentially the stratigraphically earliest known member of the Crocodylus lineage. Other notable results from our phylogenetic analyses suggest that crocodyloids might not have been present in North America prior to the late Neogene arrival of Crocodylus, with Albertosuchus knudsenii, Prodiplocynodon langi and ‘Crocodylus’ affinis all recovered outside of Crocodyloidea. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an alligatoroid placement for the recently erected latest Cretaceous–Palaeogene East Asian clade Orientalosuchina is highly labile, with relationships at the ‘base’ of Crocodylia unstable.
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DOI : 10.1080/14772019.2024.2313133
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Large-landscape connectivity models for pond-dwelling species: methods and application to two invasive amphibians of global concern
auteur
Giovanni Vimercati, Dennis Rödder, Séverine Vuilleumier, Maud Berronneau, Jean Secondi
article
Landscape Ecology, 2024, 39 (4), pp.76. ⟨10.1007/s10980-024-01858-4⟩
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Context: Functional connectivity models are essential in identifying major dispersal pathways and developing effective management strategies for expanding populations of invasive alien species. However, the extrapolation of models parameterized within current invasive ranges may not be applicable even to neighbouring areas, if the models are not based on the expected responses of individuals to landscape structure. Objectives: We have developed a high-resolution connectivity model for both terrestrial and aquatic habitats using solely potential sources. The model is used here for the invasive, principally-aquatic, African clawed frog Xenopus laevis, which is a species of global concern. Methods: All ponds were considered as suitable habitats for the African clawed frog. Resistance costs of lotic aquatic and terrestrial landscape features were determined through a combination of remote sensing and laboratory trials. Maximum cumulative resistance values were obtained via capture-mark-recapture surveys, and validation was performed using independently collected presence data. We applied this approach to an invasive population of the American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus, in France to assess its transferability to other pond-dwelling species. Results: The model revealed areas of high and low functional connectivity. It primarily identified river networks as major dispersal pathways and pinpointed areas where local connectivity could be disrupted for management purposes. Conclusion: Our model predicts how the dispersal of individuals connect suitable lentic habitats, through river networks and different land use types. The approach can be applied to species of conservation concern or interest in pond ecosystems and other wetlands, including aquatic insects, birds and mammals, for which distribution data are limited or challenging to collect. It serves as a valuable tool for forecasting colonization pathways in expanding populations of both native and invasive alien species and for identifying regions suitable for preventive or adaptive control measures.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s10980-024-01858-4
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Publications reveal how socio-ecological research is implemented: lessons from the Rhône Long Term Socio-Ecological Research platform
auteur
Clara Poirier, Yves-François Le Lay, Anne Laure Achard, Dad Roux-Michollet, Arnaud Fanny, Carole Barthélémy, Emmanuel Castella, Georges Carrel, Anne Charpentier, Marina Coquery, Emeline Comby, Maxence Forcellini, Jean-Michel Olivier, Hervé Piégay, Olivier Radakovitch, Nicolas Lamouroux
article
Anthropocene, 2024, 45, pp.100412. ⟨10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100412⟩
resume
Socio-ecological research enlists inter- and transdisciplinarity to address complex environmental issues. Yet the “socio-ecological system” concept can be interpreted in many different ways. A characterization of the diverse practices in socio-ecological research could facilitate dialogue between researchers about the possible conceptual and ethical approaches. In this study, we investigated if a detailed analysis of scientific articles would reveal the nature and course of a socio-ecological research network, and the research angle of its members. The example we used was the Rhône River Long-Term Socio-Ecological Journal Pre-proof Research (LTSER) platform in France. We combined a multivariate analysis of a reading grid of publications by Rhône River LTSER researchers and a textual analysis of the scientific narratives. The publications were from a 10-year period and corresponded to those used in a recent international comparative analysis of LTSER platforms. The analysis revealed that the research was dominated by a biophysical approach, with a progressive increase in social aspects. The emergence of a transdisciplinary approach, co-constructed with operational partners, was also shown. The research conducted by the Rhône River LTSER was grounded in the context of managing a river with strong anthropic influences and interests, and the scientific approach aimed to provide knowledge for guiding decisions. Little reference was made in the publications to socio-ecological conceptual frameworks. Beyond the example of this LTSER platform, we identified indicators for describing the degree of inter- and transdisciplinarity and the different perceptions of socio-ecological systems. The narrative analysis revealed the angle of the research approach; this method could be used in future studies for a comparison of the diverse approaches of multiple research groups.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100412
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Accounting for the topology of road networks to better explain human‐mediated dispersal in terrestrial landscapes
auteur
Charles Rocabert, Serge Fenet, Bernard Kaufmann, Jérôme Gippet
article
Ecography, 2024, 2024 (3), pp.e07068:1-13. ⟨10.1111/ecog.07068⟩
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Human trade and movements are central to biological invasions worldwide. Human activities not only transport species across biogeographical barriers, but also accelerate their post‐introduction spread in the landscape. Thus, by constraining human movements, the spatial structure of road networks might greatly affect the regional spread of invasive species. However, few invasion models have accounted for the topology of road networks so far, and its importance for explaining the regional distribution of invasive species remains mostly unexplored. To address this issue, we developed a spatially explicit and mechanistic human‐mediated dispersal model that accounts and tests for the influence of transport networks on the regional spread of invasive species. Using as a model the spread of the invasive ant Lasius neglectus in the middle Rhône valley (France), we show that accounting for the topology of road networks improves our ability to explain the current distribution of the invasive ant. In contrast, we found that using human population density as a proxy for the frequency of transport events decreases models' performance and might thus not be as appropriate as previously thought. Finally, by differentiating road networks into sub‐networks, we show that national and regional roads are more important than smaller roads for explaining spread patterns. Overall, our results demonstrate that the topology of transport networks can strongly bias regional invasion patterns and highlight the importance of better incorporating it into future invasion models. The mechanistic modelling approach developed in this study should help invasion scientists explore how human‐mediated dispersal and topography shape invasion dynamics in landscapes. Ultimately, our approach could be combined with demographic, natural dispersal and environmental suitability models to refine spread scenarios and improve invasive species monitoring and management at regional to national scales. Keywords: biological invasions, human‐mediated dispersal, road network, secondary spread, spatially explicit model, stochastic jump model
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/ecog.07068
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Carbon redirection in chemically enhanced primary treatment of domestic wastewater: A meta-analysis of laboratory to full-scale trials
auteur
Katharina Tondera, Sylvie Gillot, Florent Chazarenc
article
Chemosphere, 2024, 351, pp.141161. ⟨10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141161⟩
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DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141161
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Drying and fragmentation drive the dynamics of resources, consumers and ecosystem functions across aquatic‐terrestrial habitats in a river network
auteur
Romain Sarremejane, Teresa Silverthorn, Angélique Arbaretaz, Amélie Truchy, Nans Barthélémy, Naiara López-Rojo, Arnaud Foulquier, Laurent Simon, Hervé Pella, Gabriel Singer, T. Datry
article
Oikos, 2024, 2024 (6), ⟨10.1111/oik.10135⟩
resume
Rivers form meta‐ecosystems, in which disturbance and connectivity control biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and their interactions across the river network, but also across connected instream and riparian ecosystems. This aquatic–terrestrial linkage is modified by drying, a disturbance that also naturally fragments river networks and thereby modifies organism dispersal and organic matter (OM) transfers across the river network. However, little evidence of the effects of drying on river network‐scale OM cycling exists. Here, we assessed the effects of fragmentation by drying at the river meta‐ecosystem scale by monitoring leaf resource stocks, invertebrate communities and decomposition rates, across three seasons and 20 sites, in the instream and riparian habitats of a river network naturally fragmented by drying. Although instream leaf resource quantity and quality increased, leaf‐shredder invertebrate richness and abundance decreased with flow intermittence. Decomposition was, however, mainly driven by network‐scale fragmentation and connectivity. Shredder richness and invertebrate‐driven decomposition both peaked at sites with intermediate amounts of intermittent reaches upstream, suggesting that upstream drying can promote the biodiversity and functioning of downstream ecosystems. Shredder richness, however, had a negative effect on decomposition in perennial sites, likely due to interspecific competition. Leaf quantity, invertebrate communities and invertebrate‐driven decomposition became more similar between instream and riparian habitats as drying frequency increased, likely due to homogenization of environmental conditions between both habitats as the river dried. Our study demonstrates the paramount effects of drying on the dynamics of resources, communities and ecosystem functioning in rivers and presents evidence of one of the first network‐scale examples of the co‐drivers of ecosystem functions across terrestrial–aquatic boundaries.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/oik.10135
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Extended incubation recesses in sanderlings are impacted by temperature and body condition
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Léa Etchart, Nicolas Lecomte, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Jérôme Moreau, Johannes Lang, Thomas Pagnon, Benoit Sittler, Maria Teixeira, Loïc Bollache, Olivier Gilg
article
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2024, 291 (2017), pp.20232264. ⟨10.1098/rspb.2023.2264⟩
resume
Complex incubation strategies have evolved to solve the trade-off between parent survival and care for their eggs with often brief departures (recesses) that maximize egg survival, and infrequent extended recesses maximizing adult condition. Here we examined incubation behaviour of sanderlings ( Calidris alba ), a species that exhibits both biparental and uniparental incubation behaviour. During 11 breeding seasons in Greenland, we have quantified incubation variability with thermologgers placed in nests. We estimated the impact of environmental conditions and individual characteristics on the occurrence and the duration of recesses. We found that extended recesses are a unique feature of uniparentals, and their frequency and duration increased in colder temperatures. The relationship was mediated by body condition, with individuals in poor condition performing longer extended recesses in colder temperatures. This suggests that extended recesses may represent a shift towards self-maintenance at the expense of the egg care, allowing birds to continue incubating under unfavourable conditions. Our study illustrates how extended recesses may be a key breeding strategy to overcome high energetic costs associated with incubation. Quantifying such behavioural flexibility paves the way for tracking future behavioural responses of individuals in the face of changing environments.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2023.2264
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The global genetic diversity of planktonic foraminifera reveals the structure of cryptic speciation in plankton
auteur
Raphaël Morard, Kate Darling, Agnes Weiner, Christiane Hassenrück, Chiara Vanni, Tristan Cordier, Nicolas Henry, Mattia Greco, Nele Vollmar, Tamara Milivojevic, Shirin Nurshan Rahman, Michael Siccha, Julie Meilland, Lukas Jonkers, Frédéric Quillévéré, Gilles Escarguel, Christophe Douady, Thibault de Garidel-Thoron, Colomban de Vargas, Michal Kucera
article
Biological Reviews, 2024, 99 (4), pp.1218-1241. ⟨10.1111/brv.13065⟩
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The nature and extent of diversity in the plankton has fascinated scientists for over a century. Initially, the discovery of many new species in the remarkably uniform and unstructured pelagic environment appeared to challenge the concept of ecological niches. Later, it became obvious that only a fraction of plankton diversity had been formally described, because plankton assemblages are dominated by understudied eukaryotic lineages with small size that lack clearly distinguishable morphological features. The high diversity of the plankton has been confirmed by comprehensive metabarcoding surveys, but interpretation of the underlying molecular taxonomies is hindered by insufficient integration of genetic diversity with morphological taxonomy and ecological observations. Here we use planktonic foraminifera as a study model and reveal the full extent of their genetic diversity and investigate geographical and ecological patterns in their distribution. To this end, we assembled a global data set of ~7600 ribosomal DNA sequences obtained from morphologically characterised individual foraminifera, established a robust molecular taxonomic framework for the observed diversity, and used it to query a global metabarcoding data set covering ~1700 samples with ~2.48 billion reads. This allowed us to extract and assign 1 million reads, enabling characterisation of the structure of the genetic diversity of the group across ~1100 oceanic stations worldwide. Our sampling revealed the existence of, at most, 94 distinct molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) at a level of divergence indicative of biological species. The genetic diversity only doubles the number of formally described species identified by morphological features. Furthermore, we observed that the allocation of genetic diversity to morphospecies is uneven. Only 16 morphospecies disguise evolutionarily significant genetic diversity, and the proportion of morphospecies that show genetic diversity increases poleward. Finally, we observe that MOTUs have a narrower geographic distribution than morphospecies and that in some cases the MOTUs belonging to the same morphospecies (cryptic species) have different environmental preferences. Overall, our analysis reveals that even in the light of global genetic sampling, planktonic foraminifera diversity is modest and finite. However, the extent and structure of the cryptic diversity reveals that genetic diversification is decoupled from morphological diversification, hinting at different mechanisms acting at different levels of divergence.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/brv.13065
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-04552961/file/Biological%20Reviews%20-%202024%20-%20Morard%20-%20The%20global%20genetic%20diversity%20of%20planktonic%20foraminifera%20reveals%20the%20structure%20of.pdf BibTex
titre
Antiobesity effects of intestinal gluconeogenesis are mediated by the brown adipose tissue sympathetic nervous system
auteur
Justine Vily-Petit, Maud Soty-Roca, Marine Silva, Manon Micoud, Félicie Evrard, Clara Bron, Margaux Raffin, Daniel Beiroa, Rubén Nogueiras, Damien Roussel, Amandine Gautier-Stein, Fabienne Rajas, Daniela Cota, Gilles Mithieux
article
Obesity, 2024, 32 (4), pp.710-722. ⟨10.1002/oby.23985⟩
resume
Abstract Objective Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN), via the initiation of a gut‐brain nervous circuit, accounts for the metabolic benefits linked to dietary proteins or fermentable fiber in rodents and has been positively correlated with the rapid amelioration of body weight after gastric bypass surgery in humans with obesity. In particular, the activation of IGN moderates the development of hepatic steatosis accompanying obesity. In this study, we investigated the specific effects of IGN on adipose tissue metabolism, independent of its induction by nutritional manipulation. Methods We used two transgenic mouse models of suppression or overexpression of G6pc1, the catalytic subunit of glucose‐6 phosphatase, which is the key enzyme of endogenous glucose production specifically in the intestine. Results Under a hypercaloric diet, mice overexpressing IGN showed lower adiposity and higher thermogenic capacities than wild‐type mice, featuring marked browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and prevention of the whitening of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Sympathetic denervation restricted to BAT caused the loss of the antiobesity effects associated with IGN. Conversely, IGN‐deficient mice exhibited an increase in adiposity under a standard diet, which was associated with decreased expression of markers of thermogenesis in both BAT and WAT. Conclusions IGN is sufficient to activate the sympathetic nervous system and prevent the expansion and the metabolic alterations of BAT and WAT metabolism under a high‐calorie diet, thereby preventing the development of obesity. These data increase knowledge of the mechanisms of weight reduction in gastric bypass surgery and pave the way for new approaches to prevent or cure obesity.
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DOI : 10.1002/oby.23985
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Molar wear in house mice: insight into diet preferences at an ecological timescale?
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Sabrina Renaud, Ronan Ledevin, Anne-Béatrice Dufour, Caroline Romestaing, Emilie Hardouin
article
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2024, 141 (2), pp.289-305. ⟨10.1093/biolinnean/blad091⟩
resume
Abstract In molars without permanent eruption, wear deeply modifies the geometry of the crown. To test for a signature of diet on wear dynamics, the molar geometry was compared between commensal house mice, relying on an omnivorous-granivorous diet, and Sub-Antarctic relatives, characterized by a switch towards a more ‘predatory’ behaviour. Laboratory-bred offspring of commensal mice served as a reference by providing mice of known age. Molar geometry was quantified using dense 3D semi-landmark based descriptors of the whole molar row and the upper molar only. Laboratory offspring displayed a decreased rate of wear compared to their commensal relatives, due to reduced mastication in mice fed ad libitum. Sub-Antarctic mice displayed a similarly decreased rate of molar wear, in agreement with an optimization towards incisor biting to seize prey. Laboratory offspring and Sub-Antarctic mice were further characterized by straight molar rows, whereas in commensal mice, the erupting third molar deviated away from the longitudinal alignment with the other molars, due to masticatory loadings. Quantifying changes in molar geometry could thus contribute to trace subtle diet variations, and provide a direct insight into the constraints during mastication, shedding light on the functional role of adaptive changes in molar geometry.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1093/biolinnean/blad091
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titre
Regional heterothermies recorded in the oxygen isotope composition of harbour seal skeletal elements
auteur
Nicolas Séon, Romain Amiot, Guillaume Suan, Christophe Lécuyer, François Fourel, Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier, Sylvain Charbonnier, Peggy Vincent
article
Journal of Thermal Biology, 2024, 120, pp.103825. ⟨10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103825⟩
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Regional heterothermy is a strategy used by marine mammals to maintain a high and stable core body temperature, but its identification needs in situ measurements difficult to set up in extant wild organisms and inapplicable to extinct ones. We have analysed the oxygen isotope composition of bioapatite phosphate (δ18Op) from one permanent tooth and from thirty-six skeletal elements of one adult male harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) from the Baie de Somme (Hauts-de-France, France). We propose that the observed intra-skeletal δ18Op variability reflects tissue temperature heterogeneities typical of the pinniped regional heterothermy strategy. Our δ18Op data indicate that bone hydroxylapatite from harbour seal autopod skeletal elements (metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanxes) mineralises at a lower temperature than that of the bone from the axial skeleton (e.g. vertebrae, ribs, and girdle bones). The results suggest that it is possible to locate a history of regional heterothermies in amphibious marine vertebrates using the δ18Op values of their mineralised tissues. This enables direct evaluation of the thermophysiology of both modern and fossil Pinnipedia from their skeletons opening perspectives on understanding their thermal adaptation to the marine environment in the fossil record. In addition to thermophysiology, oxygen isotope data from the permanent teeth of Pinnipedia, which are formed during the in utero phase from body fluid of the mother and at a stable temperature, could be valuable for locating the geographical areas inhabited by existing Pinnipedia females during their gestation period.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103825
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titre
Iron reduction, carbon release and GHG emission from soils flooded by a tropical reservoir
auteur
Étienne Dambrine, Jérémie Gaillard, Vincent Chanudet, Régis Vigouroux, Olivier Atteia, Gregory van Der Heijden, Fanny Colas
article
Étude et Gestion des Sols, 2024
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The impoundment of the Petit-Saut reservoir (French Guyana) in 1994 flooded over 300 km2 of tropical forest, causing the anoxia of the hypolimnion and a considerable emission of GHGs. The parallel evolution of dissolved iron and methane suggested that both originated from the reduction of flooded soils. The comparison of flooded with control soils showed a 50% loss in organic matter, as well as a drop in its hydrogen index, and an increase in Δ13C. The strong correlation between organic matter and iron oxide content in control soils became weak in flooded soils, while the weak correlation between Fe-oxide and amorphous-Fe in control soils became strong in flooded soils, suggesting a massive transformation of Fe-oxide into amorphous Fe. Measured in the lab in anoxic conditions, the carbon mineralization rate of flooded and control soils was proportional to their carbon content, suggesting continuous mineralization of organic matter in flooded soils. In contrast, the rate of methane production by flooded soils was very low. In addition, the 14C ages of flooded soils, methane bubbles in flooded soils, and dissolved methane in the hypolimnion were close to the age of the reservoir. This suggests that a fraction of reactive soil OM, bound to iron oxyhydroxides and released by iron reduction and dissolution when soils are flooded, is the source of the methane emitted by tropical reservoirs.
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titre
Salinity causes widespread restriction of methane emissions from small inland waters
auteur
Cynthia Soued, Matthew J Bogard, Kerri Finlay, Lauren E Bortolotti, Peter R Leavitt, Pascal Badiou, Sara H Knox, Sydney Jensen, Peka Mueller, Sung Ching Lee, Darian Ng, Björn Wissel, Chun Ngai Chan, Bryan Page, Paige Kowal
article
Nature Communications, 2024, 15, pp.425 - 436. ⟨10.1038/s41467-024-44715-3⟩
resume

Inland waters are one of the largest natural sources of methane (CH 4 ), a potent greenhouse gas, but emissions models and estimates were developed for solute-poor ecosystems and may not apply to salt-rich inland waters. Here we combine field surveys and eddy covariance measurements to show that salinity constrains microbial CH 4 cycling through complex mechanisms, restricting aquatic emissions from one of the largest global hardwater regions (the Canadian Prairies). Existing models overestimated CH 4 emissions from ponds and wetlands by up to several orders of magnitude, with discrepancies linked to salinity. While not significant for rivers and larger lakes, salinity interacted with organic matter availability to shape CH 4 patterns in small lentic habitats. We estimate that excluding salinity leads to overestimation of emissions from small Canadian Prairie waterbodies by at least 81% ( ~1 Tg yr -1 CO 2 equivalent), a quantity comparable to other major national emissions sources. Our findings are consistent with patterns in other hardwater landscapes, likely leading to an overestimation of global lentic CH 4 emissions. Widespread salinization of inland waters may impact CH 4 cycling and should be considered in future projections of aquatic emissions.

Methane (CH 4 ) is a potent greenhouse gas responsible for 16% of current atmospheric radiative forcing 1 . Inland waters are the largest natural source of CH 4 , emitting 398.1 (±79.4) TgCH 4 yr -1 2,3 . However, this number is largely based on measurements performed in solutepoor waters 2,4-6 , despite salt-rich systems representing roughly half of the global inland water volume 7 and a fifth of inland water surface area (ref. 8 and references therein). There is clear evidence that salinity, particularly as sulfate (SO 4 2-), inhibits CH 4 production through multiple mechanisms, which may lead to lower CH 4 emissions from these systems 9-12 . The paucity of empirical data from salt-rich inland waters raises questions about our current understanding of aquatic CH 4 regulation and about the accuracy of global CH 4 emissions estimates.

The salinity of aquatic ecosystems shapes microbial communities 13 , in particular the abundance and distribution of methanogens and methanotrophs 14,15 . Methanogenesis is the least energy-efficient carbon (C) mineralization process in the redox chain. An abundance of ions favors more energetically efficient reactions, with sulfate (SO 4 2-) and iron (Fe 3+ ) reducers outcompeting methanogens for labile C substrate

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DOI : 10.1038/s41467-024-44715-3
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Understanding the complex dynamics of zebra mussel invasions over several decades in European rivers: drivers, impacts and predictions
auteur
Phillip Haubrock, Ismael Soto, Melina Kourantidou, Danish Ahmed, Ali Serhan Tarkan, Paride Balzani, Kristi Bego, Antonín Kouba, Sadi Aksu, Elizabeta Briski, Francisco Sylvester, Vanessa de Santis, Gaït Archambaud-Suard, Núria Bonada, Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles, Zoltán Csabai, Thibault Datry, Mathieu Floury, Jean‐françois Fruget, John Iwan Jones, Marie‐helene Lizee, Anthony Maire, John Murphy, Davis Ozolins, Jes Jessen Rasmussen, Agnija Skuja, Gábor Várbíró, Piet Verdonschot, Ralf Verdonschot, Peter Wiberg-Larsen, Ross Cuthbert
article
Oikos, 2024, ⟨10.1111/oik.10283⟩
resume
The zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha is one of the most successful, notorious, and detrimental aquatic invasive non‐native species worldwide, having invaded Europe and North America while causing substantial ecological and socio‐economic impacts. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal trends in this species' invasion success using 178 macroinvertebrate abundance time series, containing 1451 records of D. polymorpha collected across nine European countries between 1972–2019. Using these raw (absolute) abundance data, we examined trends and drivers of occurrences and relative abundances of D. polymorpha within invaded communities. Meta‐regression models revealed non‐significant trends both at the European level and for the majority of the invaded countries, except for France (significant decreasing trend) and Hungary (marginally positive trend). At the European level, the number of D. polymorpha occurrences over time followed a flat‐top bell‐shaped distribution, with a steep increase between 1973–1989 followed by a plateau phase prior to significantly declining post‐1998. Using a series of climatic and hydromorphological site‐specific characteristics of invaded and uninvaded sites from two periods (1998–2002; 2011–2015), we found that native richness, non‐native abundance, distance to the next barrier, and elevation were associated with the occurrence of D. polymorpha . We also found that higher native richness and lower latitude were related to lower relative abundances. Using Cohen's D as a measure of D. polymorpha impact, we found that biodiversity within the invaded sites was initially higher than in uninvaded ones, but then declined, suggesting differences in biodiversity trends across invaded and uninvaded sites. While our results emphasise the high invasion success of D. polymorpha , increasing stressors within the context of global change – particularly ongoing climate change – are likely to enhance invasion rates and the impact of D. polymorpha in the near future, exacerbated by the lack of timely and effective management actions.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/oik.10283
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https://hal.science/hal-04410363/file/Oikos%20-%202024%20-%20Haubrock%20-%20Understanding%20the%20complex%20dynamics%20of%20zebra%20mussel%20invasions%20over%20several%20decades%20in%20European.pdf BibTex
titre
3D models related to the publication: Inner ear morphology in wild vs laboratory house mice
auteur
Sabrina Renaud, Léa Amar, Caroline Romestaing, Jean-Pierre Quéré, Renaud Lebrun
article
MorphoMuseum, 2024, 10 (1), pp.e220. ⟨10.18563/journal.m3.220⟩
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This contribution contains 3D models of left and right house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) inner ears analyzed in Renaud et al. (2024). The studied mice belong to four groups: wild-trapped mice, wild-derived lab offspring, a typical laboratory strain (Swiss) and hybrids between wild-derived and Swiss mice. They have been analyzed to assess the impact of mobility reduction on inner ear morphology, including patterns of divergence, levels of inter-individual variance (disparity) and intra-individual variance (fluctuating asymmetry).
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DOI : 10.18563/journal.m3.220
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Non-lethal sampling for assessment of mitochondrial function does not affect metabolic rate and swimming performance
auteur
Elisa Thoral, Lauréliane Dargère, Ione Medina-Suárez, Angéline Clair, Laetitia Averty, Justine Sigaud, Anne Morales, Karine Salin, Loïc Teulier
article
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2024, 379 (1896), ⟨10.1098/rstb.2022.0483⟩
resume
A fundamental issue in the metabolic field is whether it is possible to understand underlying mechanisms that characterize individual variation. Whole-animal performance relies on mitochondrial function as it produces energy for cellular processes. However, individual variation in mitochondrial traits lack of longitudinal measures to evaluate how mitochondrial function can change within and among individuals and with environmental context. The aims of this study were to test the repeatability of muscle mitochondrial metabolism thanks to two biopsies performed in red muscle, and to evaluate effects of biopsies on whole-animal performance in goldfish Carassius auratus. Our results show that basal mitochondrial respiration and net phosphorylation efficiency are repeatable at 14-day intervals. We also show that swimming performance (optimal cost of transport and critical swimming speed) was repeatable in biopsied fish, whereas the repeatability of individual oxygen consumption (standard and maximal metabolic rates) seemed not stable over time. However, we noted that the means of individual and mitochondrial traits did not change over time in biopsied fish. This study shows that muscle biopsies allow the measurements of mitochondrial metabolism without
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DOI
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.2022.0483
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Quaternary petrified trunks from Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand: Implications for past climate and preservation
auteur
Nareerat Boonchai, Parichat Kruainok, George Mustoe, Suphunnee Chokkhun, Thanit Nonsrirach, Yupa Thasod, Marc Philippe, Paul Grote, Yongdong Wang
article
Annales de Paléontologie, 2024, 110 (1), pp.102655. ⟨10.1016/j.annpal.2023.102655⟩
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Petrified trunks in Mueang Kamphaeng Phet District, upper Central Thailand, were unearthed in Quater- nary deposits on the western rim of the Ping River. The sediments consist mainly of semi-consolidated gravel, sand, silt, and clay, indicating that the woods were transported by the ancient Ping River. Macro- scopic features revealed that preservation of these fossils (e.g., intercellular spaces, iron oxides, quartz crystals, colors, and weathering conditions) shared many similarities to some petrified trunks in Tak Province. We investigated both large (approx. 0.50–0.7 m wide, at least 10–20 meters long) and small fragments of fossils for both wood anatomical features and mineralogy. Diffuse porosity with indistinct growth rings and wide vessels at low densities suggest a tropical lowland forest paleoenvironment. Parenchyma patterns are aliform to confluent, banded, and diffuse-in aggregate. At least four distinct types of wood were recognized from this site. Among them, three wood types originate from legume trees (Fabaceae), while the fourth is from a eudicotyledonous tree. Two of the three legumes show closest resemblance to a tall (canopy emergent) legume tree, Koompassia cf. malaccensis Maingay ex Benth. and one resembles the legume Koompassia cf. malaccensis or cf. Pahudioxylon bankurensis Chowdhury, Ghosh, et Kazmi. The other legume-like wood shows banded parenchyma. Petrified wood from Kamphaeng Phet is correlative with other Quaternary paleofloras found in Northern Thailand in both preservation and taxa. The past climate, as inferred according to the Köppen-Geiger classification, was possibly similar to modern-day tropical rainforests (Af) in southern Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia in contrast to the modern vegetation in Mueang District, Kamphaeng Phet that is a mixed deciduous and dry dipterocarp forest where the modern climate in the area is tropical wet and dry (Aw).
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.annpal.2023.102655
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Mesozoic terrestrial biota west of the Chiang Mai suture (Mae Sot Basin, western Thailand)
auteur
Yupa Thasod, Artit Jongboriboon, Nareerat Boonchai, Paul Grote, Thanit Nonsrirach, Sita Manitkoon, Prapasiri Warapeang, Yongdong Wang, Frédéric Thévenard, George Mustoe, Marc Philippe
article
Annales de Paléontologie, 2024, 110 (1), pp.102650. ⟨10.1016/j.annpal.2023.102650⟩
resume
A new Mesozoic fossiliferous locality was discovered in the Mae Sot Basin, western Thailand. Ging- lymodian fish scales and bones are reported, as well as wood (Brachyoxylon sp.) and leafy twigs (cf. Cupressinocladus sp.). These are associated with Skolithosand Scoyeniaichnofacies. The biotic remains were deposited in an anoxic fluvial environment and wood underwent humification. Fossil wood specimens show a wide range of composition, ranging from nearly pure carbon to mixtures of coal and siliceous sediment. The limited fossil record makes biogeographical comparisons and stratigraphic deductions difficult. It is however the first time that terrestrial Mesozoic biota is reported from the Shan-Thai ter- rane west of the Chiang Mai suture and north of the Three Pagoda fault. Further research in and around this locality may refine our still fragmentary knowledge of Mesozoic continental ecosystems west of the Nan-Uttaradit suture.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.annpal.2023.102650
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Traffic and weather influence on small wildlife carcass persistence time on roads
auteur
Annaëlle Bénard, Christophe Bonenfant, Thierry Lengagne
article
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2024, 126, pp.104012. ⟨10.1016/j.trd.2023.104012⟩
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The rapidly expanding road network threatens the persistence of many terrestrial species through mortality associated with wildlife-vehicle collisions. Roadkill monitoring under-estimate actual collision numbers as the time during which roadkill carcasses remain visible on the road is often shorter than the frequency of road monitoring. By placing passerine and amphibian carcasses on stretches of roads we surveyed every 2 h, we fine-tuned existing persistence estimates for these species. The time for half of the carcasses to disappear was less than 30 min for birds and 1–18 h for amphibians depending on the volume of traffic, which is much shorter than previous esti- mates. We show the implications of our results by performing roadkill surveys on common toads 3 h after the window of reproductive migration, showing roadkill is under-estimated by half, and by estimating from citizen-science data that passerine collisions could be as high as 10 in- dividuals.km-2.year-1 in south-eastern France.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.trd.2023.104012
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titre
Piecing the barcoding puzzle of Palearctic water frogs ( Pelophylax ) sheds light on amphibian biogeography and global invasions
auteur
Christophe Dufresnes, Benjamin Monod‐broca, Adriana Bellati, Daniele Canestrelli, Johanna Ambu, Ben Wielstra, Sylvain Dubey, Pierre-André Crochet, Mathieu Denoël, Daniel Jablonski
article
Global Change Biology, 2024, 30 (3), pp.e17180. ⟨10.1111/gcb.17180⟩
resume
Abstract Palearctic water frogs (genus Pelophylax ) are an outstanding model in ecology and evolution, being widespread, speciose, either threatened or threatening to other species through biological invasions, and capable of siring hybrid offspring that escape the rules of sexual reproduction. Despite half a century of genetic research and hundreds of publications, the diversity, systematics and biogeography of Pelophylax still remain highly confusing, in no small part due to a lack of correspondence between studies. To provide a comprehensive overview, we gathered >13,000 sequences of barcoding genes from >1700 native and introduced localities and built multigene mitochondrial (~17 kb) and nuclear (~10 kb) phylogenies. We mapped all currently recognized taxa and their phylogeographic lineages (>40) to get a grasp on taxonomic issues, cyto‐nuclear discordances, the genetic makeup of hybridogenetic hybrids, and the origins of introduced populations. Competing hypotheses for the molecular calibration were evaluated through plausibility tests, implementing a new approach relying on predictions from the anuran speciation continuum. Based on our timetree, we propose a new biogeographic paradigm for the Palearctic since the Paleogene, notably by attributing a prominent role to the dynamics of the Paratethys, a vast paleo‐sea that extended over most of Europe. Furthermore, our results show that distinct marsh frog lineages from Eastern Europe, the Balkans, the Near East, and Central Asia ( P. ridibundus ssp.) are naturally capable of inducing hybridogenesis with pool frogs ( P. lessonae ). We identified 14 alien lineages (mostly of P. ridibundus ) over ~20 areas of invasions, especially in Western Europe, with genetic signatures disproportionally pointing to the Balkans and Anatolia as the regions of origins, in line with exporting records of the frog leg industry and the stocks of pet sellers. Pelophylax thus emerges as one of the most invasive amphibians worldwide, and deserves much higher conservation concern than currently given by the authorities fighting biological invasions.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/gcb.17180
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titre
Cadmium Levels in Locally Produced and Imported Dark Chocolate in Lebanon
auteur
Zeina Daher, Nathalie El Deghel, Rim Al Habahbeh, Mirna Azoury
article
Exposure and Health, 2024, 16 (5), pp.1127-1139. ⟨10.1007/s12403-023-00614-4⟩
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DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s12403-023-00614-4
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Physical modelling of scouring around Protocinctus mansillaensis (Cincta, Echinodermata) gives insight on its ecology and feeding mechanism
auteur
Emilien Decaux, Bertrand Lefebvre, Nicolas Riviere, Diego Lopez, Sara Puijalon
article
Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 2024, 65, pp.501-509. ⟨10.21411/CBM.A.B9E7B5F1⟩
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The study of atypical echinoderms like cinctans is problematic, because they cannot be anatomically compared to other taxa. Studying the hydrodynamics of feeding in this class is a promising source of information about their ecology. We designed a protocol that aims to extend this study to the scouring processes around a representative cinctan species: Protocinctus mansillaensis (Cincta, Echinodermata). Three-dimensional models of the species were printed and placed in a racetrack flume and then exposed to various current velocities to study the scouring mechanisms around the body of P. mansillaensis. Evolution of the produced scour marks were measured with a stream gauge, and current parameters were measured with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. Our results show that this protocol can be used to model the cinctans' habitat and gives results that are consistent with the literature. Analysing scouring around the cinctan models showed that this species has a maximized stability when it is oriented with its stele towards the current. We also observed sedimentation inside the food grooves of the animal in this orientation, which supports the hypothesis that cinctans were passive suspension feeders with brachioles.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.21411/CBM.A.B9E7B5F1
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https://hal.science/hal-05352576/file/2024-Cahiers%20de%20Biologie%20Marine%20%28Decaux%20et%20al.%29.pdf BibTex
titre
Water and landscape management for 3,000 years in a mid-mountain area: evolution of the Gourgon mires complex (Massif Central, France) under anthropogenic and climate forcing
auteur
André-Marie Dendievel, Hervé Cubizolle, Benjamin Dietre, Priscille Chapuis, Antoine Scholtés, Christine Oberlin, Irka Hajdas, Jean Nicolas Haas
article
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2024, 33 (4), pp.459-473. ⟨10.1007/s00334-023-00959-5⟩
resume
In order to better understand the long-term management of water resource and its relationship with peatlands in mid- mountain areas, a research project was conducted in the mire complex of Gourgon, in the Forez Mountains (Eastern Massif Central, France). The peat growth response to global and local changes was reconstructed based (1) on the radiocarbon dating of basal peat layers, (2) on the study of macrofossils and (3) on palynological analyses of key peat cores. This palaeoecological approach provided new answers to understand the development of the uplands and to fill the gaps between archaeological sites. Three major steps were identified during the last 3,000 years: (i) cultivation and pastoral activities from the Iron Age to the Roman Times; (ii) afforestation and predominant grazing during Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages; and (iii) major forest clearing motivated by cultivation needs (winter crops including rye – Secale cereale) during the Middle Ages. Comparison of lithological and palaeoecological data with topographical data and regional archaeological information highlighted that the anthropogenic diversion of streams, created to supply high-altitude farms, reduced the water flow in the valley and favoured the accumulation of peat for centuries. Thus, human activities were involved in the development of mire-valley ecosystems. This response of peatland ecosystems to human activities fits with a wider pattern of anthropogenically-induced peatlands in Central France. It underlines the importance of multidisciplinary and retrospective scientific studies in understanding the mechanisms of wetland evolution in the long-term.
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DOI : 10.1007/s00334-023-00959-5
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Albian south-western Europe terrestrial biogeography as suggested by fossil wood record
auteur
Marc Philippe, Myette Guiomar, Didier Bert, Jacques-Léopold Brochier, Matías Reolid, Frédéric Thévenard
article
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2024, 331, pp.105189. ⟨10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105189⟩
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After the ecological discontinuity of the Aptian/Albian boundary, new biocoenoses were established. In the continental domain, ecosystems in which angiosperms began to play a role appeared, and soon became the framework for the success of this group, with considerable consequences. However, little is known about the palaeobiogeography of this period. The study of new wood fossils from south-western Europe together with bibliographical data shows that continental biogeography was compartmentalised there, with a strong north- –south gradient. A weaker east–west gradient is also suggested.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105189
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Extreme genetic depletion upon postglacial colonization hampers determining the provenance of introduced palmate newt populations
auteur
Robin Elfering, Sophie Mannix, Steve Allain, Johanna Ambu, Pierre-André Crochet, Loïc van Doorn, Christophe Dufresnes, Robert Jehle, Angela Julian, Fairlie Kirkpatrick Baird, David O’brien, Jean Secondi, Jeroen Speybroeck, Anagnostis Theodoropoulos, Tariq Stark, Ben Wielstra
article
Amphibia-Reptilia, 2024, 45 (3), pp.349-356. ⟨10.1163/15685381-bja10181⟩
resume
MtDNA barcoding is regularly applied to determine the provenance of invasive species. Variation in spatial genetic structuring across a species’ range, typically high within glacial refugia and low in postglacially colonized areas, influences the precision of this approach. The palmate newt ( Lissotriton helveticus ) has been introduced north of its native range inside the Netherlands. We conduct mtDNA barcoding to try and retrace the origin of the introduced localities. A large increase in sample size, particularly focusing on temperate Europe, emphasizes that the palmate newt shows practically no genetic variation outside the Iberian Peninsula glacial refugium. While we find a haplotype previously only known from the Iberian Peninsula inside the native range in Belgium, the haplotype present in the introduced Dutch populations occurs widely throughout the native range north of the Iberian Peninsula. Although mtDNA barcoding can be a powerful tool in invasion biology, the palmate newt case exposes its limitations.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1163/15685381-bja10181
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titre
Interplay of competition and facilitation in grazing succession by migrant Serengeti herbivores
auteur
T. Michael Anderson, Staci Hepler, Ricardo Holdo, Jason Donaldson, Robert Erhardt, J. Grant C. Hopcraft, Matthew Hutchinson, Sarah Huebner, Thomas Morrison, Jeffry Muday, Issack Munuo, Meredith Palmer, Johan Pansu, Robert Pringle, Robert Sketch, Craig Packer
article
Science, 2024, 383 (6684), pp.782-788. ⟨10.1126/science.adg0744⟩
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Competition, facilitation, and predation offer alternative explanations for successional patterns of migratory herbivores. However, these interactions are difficult to measure, leaving uncertainty about the mechanisms underlying body-size-dependent grazing—and even whether succession occurs at all. We used data from an 8-year camera-trap survey, GPS-collared herbivores, and fecal DNA metabarcoding to analyze the timing, arrival order, and interactions among migratory grazers in Serengeti National Park. Temporal grazing succession is characterized by a “push-pull” dynamic: Competitive grazing nudges zebra ahead of co-migrating wildebeest, whereas grass consumption by these large-bodied migrants attracts trailing, small-bodied gazelle that benefit from facilitation. “Natural experiments” involving intense wildfires and rainfall respectively disrupted and strengthened these effects. Our results highlight a balance between facilitative and competitive forces in co-regulating large-scale ungulate migrations.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1126/science.adg0744
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titre
Multidimensional trait space outlines the effects of changes in abiotic filtering on aquatic plant community from sub-Antarctic ponds
auteur
Pauline Douce, Pauline Eymar-Dauphin, Hugo Saiz, David Renault, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Laurent Simon, Félix Vallier, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere
article
Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 2024, 64, pp.125798. ⟨10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125798⟩
resume
In the current context of climate changes, which causes strong habitat variation, an understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant community dynamics is crucial to predict species fates. The taking of inter- and intraspecific trait variability into account would aid the identification of these mechanisms. Recently, a method involving the calculation of hypervolumes (n-dimensional spaces of trait values) was developed for the study of plant responses to their environments. Through hypervolume comparison, we examined the effects of interannual variations in abiotic conditions on aquatic plant communities in ponds of the sub-Antarctic Iles Kerguelen. This model system is particularly relevant for the examination of the consequences of climate changes–related habitat variation, as aquatic plant communities are adapted to cold and overall stable habitat conditions and the sub-Antarctic climate is changing rapidly. We conducted field sampling over four years at three sites. For all aquatic species, we measured five foliar, shoot, and clonal traits characterizing individual growth strategies that are likely to respond to variations in abiotic conditions on 1565 ramets over the four years. We measured 10 abiotic variables to characterize the plants’ habitats every three months during the survey period. Hypervolumes were calculated for each site and year to assess variation in aquatic plant strategies at the community level. We demonstrated (i) the importance of spatiotemporal gradients of trophic status, temperature, and pH and dissolved oxygen concentration for the functional structure of aquatic plant communities; (ii) that the shape of the mean response was trait dependent, with traits related to plant metabolism (specific leaf area and specific internode mass) and three-dimensional space exploration (height and internode length) responding to the three spatiotemporal abiotic gradients; (iii) that selection pressures were especially high on aerial traits relative to clonal traits; and (iv) that given the community response to interannual variations of abiotic conditions, environmental changes should impact macrophyte community productivity. Synthesis. We conclude that the examination of interannual abiotic variation over four years is sufficient to detect rapid responses of macrophyte communities, with likely reliance on phenotypic plasticity. Our findings may inform the characterization of future functional changes in aquatic plant communities of the sub-Antarctic region, where similar species are found.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.ppees.2024.125798
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titre
Impact of two acquisitive plants on N cycle on different soils: The invasive Fallopia japonica does it and so does the native Dactylis glomerata!
auteur
Cédric Béraud, Amélie Cantarel, Jonathan Gervaix, Charline Creuzé Des Châtelliers, Abigaïl Delort, Christelle Boisselet, Sophie Poussineau, E. Lacroix, Florence Piola
article
Applied Soil Ecology, 2024, 200, pp.105467. ⟨10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105467⟩
resume
Invasive plants may alter ecological and ecosystem processes, including the N-cycle. The Fallopia species complex is a well-studied invasive species whose N-resource acquisition traits define it as an acquisitive species. However, the study of the impacts of invasive plants on the N-cycle never considers the N-acquisition strategy as a reference for choosing another suitable plant control. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of an invasive species (Fallopia japonica – FJ) on the N-cycle and to compare with those caused by a native acquisitive species (Dactylis glomerata – DG), all compared to unplanted soils. A four-months mesocosm experiment was conducted by growing FJ and DG on nine different soils and measuring their impacts on N-cycle microbial ac- tivities (free-living nitrogen fixation – FLNF, denitrification – DEA, nitrification – NEA), on N-mineral forms and on functional N-cycle gene abundance (nifH, AOA, AOB, nirS, nirK) as well as the total bacterial community gene (rRNA 16S). The nine soils differ in microbial enzymatic activities, N-mineral form concentrations, physico- chemical factors, texture, and gene abundances. Plant effects on FLNF, NEA and DEA are only soil dependent and no effect of invasive status was found. In addition, the native plant DG generally affected microbial parameters over a wider range of soils than the invasive plant. Stronger impacts of the native DG on microbial gene abundances were found compared to the invasive FJ. A stronger effect of the invasive plant was found for the soil NO−3 concentration, with a significant decrease under the FJ than under the DG. Under both FJ and DG, NH+4 concentrations were not significantly affected. In conclusion, the invasive status in the ecosystem of the two plants studied cannot be explained through their impacts on microbial enzymatic activities and gene abundances of the soil N-cycle and the soil N mineral pools.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105467
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https://hal.science/hal-04600482/file/Beraud%20et%20al.2024%282%29.pdf BibTex
titre
The ant and the grasshopper: Contrasting responses and behaviors to water stress of riparian trees along a hydroclimatic gradient
auteur
Pierre Lochin, Pauline Malherbe, Baptiste Marteau, Julien Godfroy, Flavie Gerle, John Marshall, Sara Puijalon, Michael Bliss Singer, John C Stella, Hervé Piégay, Antoine Vernay
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 952, pp.175916. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175916⟩
resume
Riparian trees are particularly vulnerable to drought because they are highly dependent on water availability for their survival. However, the response of riparian tree species to water stress varies depending on regional hydroclimatic conditions, making them unevenly vulnerable to changing drought patterns. Understanding this spatial variability in stress responses requires a comprehensive assessment of water stress across broader spatial and temporal scales. Yet, the precise ecophysiological mechanisms underlying these responses remain poorly linked to remotely sensed indices. To address this gap, the implementation of remote sensing methods coupled with in situ validation is essential to obtain consistent results across diverse spatial and temporal contexts. We conducted a multi-tool analysis combining multispectral and thermal remote sensing indices with in situ ecophysiological measurements at different temporal scales to analyze the responses of white poplar (Populus alba) to seasonal changes in drought along a hydroclimatic gradient. Using this approach, we demonstrate that white poplars along the Rhoˆne River (France) exhibit contrasting responses and behaviors during drought depending on the latitudinal context. White poplars in a Mediterranean climate show rapid stomatal closure to reduce water loss and maintain high minimum water potential levels, although this results in a decrease in remotely sensed greenness. Conversely, white poplars located upstream in a temperate climate show high transpiration and stable greenness but lower minimum water potential and water content. A site in the middle of the gradient has intermediate responses. These results demonstrate that white poplars along a climate gradient can have a range of responses to drought along the iso/anisohydricity continuum. These results are important for future climatic conditions because they show that the same species can have different mechanisms of drought resilience, even in the same river valley. This raises questions regarding how these riparian tree populations will respond to future climatic and hydrological conditions.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175916
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https://hal.science/hal-04697055/file/Lochin%20et%20al%2C%202024_STE.pdf BibTex
titre
Multinational evaluation of genetic diversity indicators for the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
auteur
Alicia Mastretta‐yanes, Jessica M da Silva, Catherine E Grueber, Luis Castillo‐reina, Viktoria Köppä, Brenna R Forester, W. Chris Funk, Myriam Heuertz, Fumiko Ishihama, Rebecca Jordan, Joachim Mergeay, Ivan Paz‐vinas, Victor Julio Rincon‐parra, Maria Alejandra Rodriguez‐morales, Libertad Arredondo‐amezcua, Gaëlle Brahy, Matt Desaix, Lily Durkee, Ashley Hamilton, Margaret E Hunter, Austin Koontz, Iris Lang, María Camila Latorre‐cárdenas, Tanya Latty, Alexander Llanes‐quevedo, Anna J Macdonald, Meg Mahoney, Caitlin Miller, Juan Francisco Ornelas, Santiago Ramírez‐barahona, Erica Robertson, Isa‐rita M Russo, Metztli Arcila Santiago, Robyn E Shaw, Glenn M Shea, Per Sjögren‐gulve, Emma Suzuki Spence, Taylor Stack, Sofía Suárez, Akio Takenaka, Henrik Thurfjell, Sheela Turbek, Marlien van der Merwe, Fleur Visser, Ana Wegier, Georgina Wood, Eugenia Zarza, Linda Laikre, Sean Hoban
article
Ecology Letters, 2024, 27 (7), pp.e14461. ⟨10.1111/ele.14461⟩
resume
Under the recently adopted Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, 196 Parties committed to reporting the status of genetic diversity for all species. To facilitate reporting, three genetic diversity indicators were developed, two of which focus on processes contributing to genetic diversity conservation: maintaining genetically distinct populations and ensuring populations are large enough to maintain genetic diversity. The major advantage of these indicators is that they can be estimated with or without DNA‐based data. However, demonstrating their feasibility requires addressing the methodological challenges of using data gathered from diverse sources, across diverse taxonomic groups, and for countries of varying socio‐economic status and biodiversity levels. Here, we assess the genetic indicators for 919 taxa, representing 5271 populations across nine countries, including megadiverse countries and developing economies. Eighty‐three percent of the taxa assessed had data available to calculate at least one indicator. Our results show that although the majority of species maintain most populations, 58% of species have populations too small to maintain genetic diversity. Moreover, genetic indicator values suggest that IUCN Red List status and other initiatives fail to assess genetic status, highlighting the critical importance of genetic indicators.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1111/ele.14461
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https://hal.science/hal-04652468/file/Mastretta%E2%80%90Yanes_et_al_Ecol_Lett_2024.pdf BibTex
titre
Addressing the sustainable urbanism paradox: tipping points for the operational reconciliation of dense and green morphologies
auteur
Thomas Boutreux, Marc Bourgeois, Arnaud Bellec, Fabien Commeaux, B. Kaufmann
article
npj Urban Sustainability, 2024, 4 (1), pp.38. ⟨10.1038/s42949-024-00176-7⟩
resume
To improve biodiversity and human living conditions in the Anthropocene, urban forms must reconcile density with vegetation to meet the dual sustainability-liveability challenge. This paradox poses a dilemma for urban planners and is a critical research issue requiring comprehensive analyses. Multi-family residential housing holds the potential to achieve balanced density-greening, proximity ecosystem services and human-nature connectedness, but meeting such objectives relies on finding balanced morphologies and metrics at an operational scale. Analysing 11,593 plots in the Lyon metropolitan area (France) using a systemic approach, we identified critical tipping points in morphology and greening. Density explained only 6% of Plot Greening, while morphology and landscaping accounted for 94%. We identified an open-space ratio (unbuilt area/floor area) >0.3 as a morphological threshold to achieve sustainable green supply. Operational morphologies balancing density and greening were modelled and illustrated across building heights, providing guidelines for emerging regulatory tools in sustainable urban planning.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1038/s42949-024-00176-7
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https://hal.science/hal-04662947/file/Boutreux%20et%20al%202024.pdf BibTex
titre
RISMEAU dataset: Pharmaceuticals and biocides concentrations in urban and agricultural sludge, amended soil and leachate and their environmental impacts
auteur
Noémie Etienne, Jean-Philippe Bedell, Pierre Benoit, Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski, Elodie Brelot, Christophe Dagot, Margaux Gaschet, Alexandre Guironnet, Isabelle Lamy, Sylvie Nelieu, Dominique Patureau, Olivier Roques, Laure Wiest
article
Data in Brief, 2024, 57, pp.111124. ⟨10.1016/j.dib.2024.111124⟩
resume
The RISMEAU project ( RISques liés aux résidus de Médicaments, biocides et antibiorésistance d’origine humaine et vétérinaire sur les ressources en EAU du bassin versant de l’Arve –Risks related to residues of pharmaceuticals and biocides, and antimicrobial resistance of human and veterinary origin on the water resources of the 2083 km2 Arve catchment lo- cated in the French Alps) was implanted from 2018 to 2024 on the SIPIBEL observatory. It was devoted to the evaluation of (i) transfers of and processes related to pharmaceu- tical residues and biocides from both urban sludge and ma- nure spread on fields as fertilisers, and (ii) the environmen- tal impacts of land spreading, in particular the ecotoxicological risks and antimicrobial resistance dissemination. Themethodology was based on the physico-chemical, ecotoxi- cological and antimicrobial resistance (AMR –assessed by molecular biology) characterisation of leachate and soil matrices samples, and focused on organic waste products appli- cation at locally representative agronomic rates. This dataset can be reused by other researchers for comparison with their own investigations on this emerging topic under different contexts and conditions, and may contribute to international reviews. The database includes in total 26,217 values, measured on 348 samples of organic waste products, soil, in situ lysimeter leachate, earthworms, plants with 3136 usual physico- chemical values, 15,469 values on pharmaceuticals and bio- cides concentrations, 6827 bioassay values (ecotoxicity and phytotoxicity) and 785 values of antimicrobial resistance indicators. The 348 samples have been collected from Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2022: 4 samples in 2019, 26 in 2020, 130 in 2021 and 188 in 2022. Regarding AMR, 96 assays coding for most abundant resistance genes in healthy humans, clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes, biocide resistance genes, heavy metal genes, integrons (class I, II and III), and mobilegenetic elements (transposase genes) have been carried out.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.dib.2024.111124
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Can Multiscale Thermal Infrared Imaging Help Validate and Monitor Water Stress in Alluvial Forests?
auteur
Julien Godfroy, Pauline Malherbe, Flavie Gerle, Baptiste Marteau, Pierre Lochin, Sara Puijalon, Jérôme Lejot, Antoine Vernay, Hervé Piégay
article
Ecohydrology, 2024, pp.e2710. ⟨10.1002/eco.2710⟩
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Alluvial forests are sensitive to drought induced by climate change and exacerbated by altered flow regimes. Our ability to detect and map their sensitivity to drought is crucial to evaluate the effects of climate change and adjust management practices. Therefore, we explore the potential of multiscale thermal infrared imagery (TIR) to diagnose their sensitivity to droughts. In summer 2022, we sampled leaves and phloem on Populus nigra trees from two sites with contrasted hydrological connectivity along the Ain River (France) to investigate the seasonality of water stress and act as ground truth for airborne TIR images. To map forest sensitivity to drought, we used TIR data from four airborne campaigns and Landsat archives over a larger spatial and temporal extent. Field data showed that stress conditions were reached for both sites but were higher in the site with lower groundwater connectivity, which was also the case for individual tree crown temperatures. At the forest plot scale, canopy temperature was linked to forest connectivity for two of four TIR campaigns, with higher values in the more degraded reaches. Landsat data were used to locate the areas of the riparian forest impacted by a historical drought event and monitor their recovery and proved useful to identify trends. TIR data showed promising results to help detect and map tree water stress in riparian environments. However, stress is not detected in all TIR campaigns, demonstrating that one‐shot TIR acquisitions alone are not enough to diagnose stress and complementary in‐field eco‐physiological measurements are necessary.
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DOI : 10.1002/eco.2710
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Revision and biostratigraphic implications of Thore Halle’s Permian plant fossils from the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands
auteur
Stephen Mcloughlin, Rose Prevec, Bárbara Cariglino, Marc Philippe
article
Palaeontologia Africana, 2024, 58, pp.53-93
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The Permian fossil plant assemblages from the Lafonia Group on the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands collected by Thore Gustav Halle on the 1907–1909 Swedish Expedition to Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego are re-described and their systematic placement revised. Two species of sphenophytes based on foliage and one on axial remains are recognized. Eight morphotypes of Glossopteris are differentiated using more rigorously defined criteria than Halle’s original character sets. A single species each of cordaitaleans and conifers are recognized. The absence of ferns and lycophytes may indicate significant taphonomic filters on the composition of the plant assemblages. Re-assessment of the characters of the fossil woods and their nomenclatural and taxonomic problems suggests that only a single species is recognizable in the assemblage. Several of the wood and leaf species bear evidence of fungal degradation along with a broad array of arthropod herbivory and oviposition damage that add to the diversity of biotic interactions documented in the middle–high southern latitude Glossopterid Biome of the late Paleozoic. The ages of the various fossiliferous units on the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands remain equivocal, but similarities with chronostratigraphically constrained leaf assemblages from the Karoo Basin, South Africa, suggest that the Bay of Harbours Formation (uppermost unit of the Lafonia Group) is referable to the upper Guadalupian to lowermost Lopingian.
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Inconsistent estimates of hybridization frequency in newts revealed by SNPs and microsatellites
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Aurélien Miralles, Jean Secondi, Maciej Pabijan, Wiesław Babik, Christophe Lemaire, Pierre-André Crochet
article
Conservation Genetics, 2024, 25 (1), pp.215-225. ⟨10.1007/s10592-023-01556-9⟩
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Hybridization between the European smooth and palmate newts has recurrently been mentioned in the literature. The only two studies that attempted to quantify the frequency of hybridization and gene admixture between these two species came to strikingly opposite conclusions. According to Arntzen et al. (1998, 42 allozymes), hybrids are rare in nature and introgression negligible, while according to Johanet et al. (2011, 6 microsatellites), introgressive hybridization is significant and widespread across the shared distribution range. To clarify this question, we implemented high-throughput SNP genotyping with diagnostic biallelic SNPs on 965 specimens sampled across Europe. Our results are in line with Arntzen et al., since only two F1 hybrids were identified in two distinct French localities, and no further hybrid generations or backcrosses. Moreover, reanalysis of 78 of the samples previously studied by Johanet et al. (2011) using our SNPs panel could not reproduce their results, suggesting that microsatellite-based inference overestimated the hybridization frequency between these two species. Since we did not detect methodological issues with the analyses of Johanet et al., our results suggest that SNP approaches outperform microsatellite-based assessments of hybridization frequency, and that conclusions previously published on this topic with a small number of microsatellite loci should be taken with caution, and ideally be repeated with an increased genomic coverage.
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DOI : 10.1007/s10592-023-01556-9
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Biological denitrification inhibition (BDI) on nine contrasting soils: An unexpected link with the initial soil denitrifying community
auteur
C. Béraud, F. Piola, J. Gervaix, G. Meiffren, C. Creuzé Des Châtelliers, A. Delort, C. Boisselet, S. Poussineau, E. Lacroix, A.A.M. Cantarel
article
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2024, 188, pp.109188. ⟨10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109188⟩
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Denitrification is considered the major pathway leading to soil gaseous (N) losses, affecting N availability for plants and consequently plant productivity. Biological denitrification inhibition (BDI) in Fallopia spp., a plant species complex with a high level of growth and competitiveness for mineral N, acts through procyanidin pro- duction. However, the soil factors governing BDI development are still unknown. Through a mesocosm exper- iment using two treatments – soil planted with Fallopia japonica and unplanted–, nine biologically and physically contrasting soils were studied with the aim to ascertain how each can affect BDI development. Microbial enzyme activities (respiration - SIR, denitrification - DEA), denitrifying functional gene abundance (nirK, nirS), total bacterial community abundance (rRNA 16S) and soil physicochemical parameters (N mineral forms, soil texture, moisture, pH) were measured before and after plant growth, and the DEA:SIR ratio was used as a BDI proxy. The DEA:SIR ratio decreased for six soils. BDI development is related to a small number of soil factors, mainly initial soil moisture and ammonium concentration, and unexpectedly, with the initial abundance of nirK(in), nirS(in) and rRNA 16S(in). The intensity of this decrease is positively correlated to the level of DEA in unplanted soil: the higher the DEA in unplanted soil, the more intense the BDI under F. japonica. The procyanidin concentration of the F. japonica belowground system was positively correlated to BDI intensity. These results suggest that a procyanidin assay from the plant belowground system could be a new proxy for measuring BDI intensity. Interestingly, this research shows that BDI is not systematic, and that few (a)biotic soil parameters influence its development. More importantly, this research is the first to highlight that biotic factors are relevant in explaining BDI. This paper also presents new perspectives on plant-microorganism interactions in terms of plant awareness of the soil microbial community.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109188
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The Caudan Expedition: History and legacy of the echinoderm collections of the Université de Lyon
auteur
Marie Nonclercq, Christophe Dupichaud, Blandine Bärtschi, Bernard Kaufmann
article
Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 2024, 65 (4), pp.255 - 268. ⟨10.21411/CBM.A.D567463E⟩
resume
Le Caudan ship departed from Lorient (France) on the 19th of August 1895, for 14 days of scientific exploration in the Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean). The scientific team on board was comprised of René Koehler, professor from the Faculté de Lyon, Louis Roule, professor from the Faculté de Toulouse, Julien Thoulet, professor from the Faculté de Nancy, and Félix Le Dantec, preparer from the Faculté de Paris. During the expedition, 32 iterations of deep-sea probing and 28 iterations of dredging were conducted, from 180 to 2,200 meters deep, leading to a total of 550 animal species collected, among which 94 where unknown at the time. The goal of this expedition was to bring back to the Université de Lyon deep-sea specimens that only the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris had at the time. Le Caudan was one of the last expeditions in the Bay of Biscay before a 60 year long period of disinterest for studying the fauna of this region, and it was the first to have been launched from private initiative and without funding from the French state. Nowadays, 256 taxa are housed in the Caudan collection at the Université de Lyon, including 270 specimens of echinoderms. Representing 52 species (23 asteroids, 11 echinoids, nine holoturoids, seven ophiuroids, and two crinoids), the Caudan collection holds 14 type specimens of eight new - at the time - species: Antedon flava, Asteronyx locardi, Benthogone rosea, Cribrella bascayensis, C. caudani, Holothuria roulei, Ophiactis corallicola, and Pentagonaster kergroheni.
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DOI : 10.21411/CBM.A.D567463E
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Mechanisms of mobbing call recognition: exploring featural decoding in great tits
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Ambre Salis, Flavien Badaire, Camille Coye, Maël Leroux, Thierry Lengagne, Philippe Schlenker, Emmanuel Chemla
article
Animal Behaviour, 2024, 216, pp.63-71. ⟨10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.07.020⟩
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Recent research on bird calls has unearthed a striking result: birds sometimes react to the calls of other species that are neither geographically nor phylogenetically close. One mechanism explaining this response may be the recognition of specific acoustic features, also present in their own vocalisations, rather than the recognition of complete notes, with the result that unfamiliar calls may be understood if they contain the critical feature. Parids and other passerines produce mobbing calls with similar properties that are responded to across species (i.e., noisy, large frequency range notes reaching low frequencies and with numerous harmonics), that are therefore good candidates for recognition based on features. In a playback experiment, we explored the featural interpretation hypothesis by testing the response of free ranging great tits to artificial mobbing calls with varying acoustic properties. We first confirmed that they respond to artificial calls sharing all the targeted spectral properties (large frequency range, low frequency, noise and harmonics). In contrast, great tits did not respond to calls with the same rhythmicity but without the targeted features. We then tested whether great tits respond to calls that possess only one of the four above-mentioned properties. We show that great tits did not respond to any of the four treatments, and therefore no single specific spectral feature seems likely to explain great tits’ response to unknown calls. We discuss alternative mechanisms for decoding novel calls, notably through a similarity threshold.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2024.07.020
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titre
Partitioning gross primary production of a boreal forest among species and strata: A multi-method approach
auteur
Antoine Vernay, Niles Hasselquist, Kersti Leppä, Anne Klosterhalfen, Jose Gutierrez Lopez, Zsofia Stangl, Jinshu Chi, Nathaliia Kozii, John Marshall
article
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2024, 345, pp.109857. ⟨10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109857⟩
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We compared three methods of estimating gross primary production (GPP) of a boreal forest dominated by spruce and pine with the goals of 1) converging on the best estimate and 2) disaggregating the GPP among the two canopy species and the understory stratum. The three methods were: 1) eddy covariance (EC), 2) a soil- vegetation-atmosphere transfer model, APES, driven by meteorological data, and 3) an ecophysiological approach (Iso/SF) based on sap flux and phloem δ C, where sap flux is used to estimate stomatal conductance and δ13C is used to estimate intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi). The EC and APES methods agreed rather well, which was expected because APES was developed to predict eddy covariance data. The Iso/SF method, which is based on independent data, yielded lower estimates. This was partly because it excluded understory vegetation from the GPP estimate. We also found that the measured sap flux/transpiration estimates for spruce in Iso/SF were much lower than those from APES. In contrast, the absolute values for Scots pines were very similar be- tween the two methods, especially in the summer. In both species, the seasonal dynamics match well among all methods. This multi-method approach allowed us to detect possible problems in the spruce sap-flux measure- ments, but successfully upscaled pine data from ecophysiological traits to stand and ecosystem functioning.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109857
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Using a common morphometric-based method to sex a migratory bird along its entire flyway despite geographical and temporal variations in body size and sexual size dimorphism
auteur
Thomas Pagnon, Léa Etchart, Maria Teixeira, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Gunnar Hallgrimsson, Jannik Hansen, Johannes Lang, Jérôme Moreau, Jeroen Reneerkens, Niels Schmidt, Mikhail Soloviev, Job ten Horn, Pavel Tomkovich, Andrew Wood, Glenn Yannic, Loïc Bollache, Olivier Gilg
article
Journal of Ornithology, 2024, 165 (4), pp.923-934. ⟨10.1007/s10336-024-02178-9⟩
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Sexing bird species with monomorphic plumage is generally challenging, and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is often used to develop morphometric-based sexing tools, e.g., using discriminant functions. Within species, local selection pressures, age-related and season-related growth, may however induce geographical and temporal variations in body size and SSD. Such variations may complicate the development of reliable morphometric-based sexing methods at a broad scale. We first investigated body size variations in a migratory shorebird species with wide breeding and wintering ranges, the Sanderling Calidris alba, within the two breeding populations (Greenland and Russia) and three staging/wintering populations (United Kingdom, Iceland and Mauritania), which belong to the same flyway. Then, for samples from each region, we tested whether site-specific (i.e., “regional”) functions performed better than functions developed for birds from the other sites (i.e., “foreign” functions) or than an overall (“flyway”) function that combined all sampled individuals. We found minor variations in SSD between regions, but significant differences in body size between sexes and regions. Females were larger than males and, for instance, breeders had longer wings than staging and wintering birds. Regional functions had similar sexing efficiency as any other functions applied to sample from each region, except for Western Africa where the regional function performed slightly better than some of the other functions. Furthermore, the flyway function developed after merging all subsamples had a similar efficiency than the regional functions, i.e., from 75.4% to 90% of correct sex assignment depending on the region. Given the small or lack of benefit in using regional functions, we conclude that the flyway function can be used reliably to sex Sanderlings measured at different sites, years or seasons within the East Atlantic flyway. Our results may help to develop global sexing function for other bird species.
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DOI : 10.1007/s10336-024-02178-9
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titre
Forest and agricultural dynamics in the Haouz plain over the last millennium: archaeobotanical and isotopic research at Aghmat (Morocco)
auteur
Jérôme Ros, Fatima-Ezzahra Badri, Amandine Cartier, Benoit Marie, Abdallah Fili, Chloé Capel, Leïa Mion, Sandrine Canal, François Fourel, Violaine Heritier-Salama, Laurent Bouby, Ilham Bentaleb
article
Human Ecology, 2024, 52 (2), pp.255-271. ⟨10.1007/s10745-024-00507-3⟩
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Over the last millennium, the town of Aghmat (Morocco) has undergone major socio-economic changes, raising the question of how these transformations have affected the development of agricultural systems and exploited landscapes over time. This preliminary pilot study brings together for the first time carpological, anthracological, and isotopic results from the Aghmat archaeological program that show a certain stability for staple productions (cereals, fruit) over the last millennium, and the exploitation of various landscapes. A shift appears to occur during the late Middle Ages, potentially due to more favorable conditions, with a specialization in olive cultivation as early as the fourteenth century, and significant deforestation following this olive growing boom. During the modern period, the importance of olive cultivation is confirmed, whether or not in conjunction with a decline in water availability and what appears to be irreversible deforestation.
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DOI : 10.1007/s10745-024-00507-3
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202 years of changes in Mediterranean fire regime in Pinus nigra forest, Corsica
auteur
Justin Badeau, Frédéric Guibal, Peter Z Fulé, Sandrine Chauchard, Pasquale Moneglia, Christopher Carcaillet
article
Forest Ecology and Management, 2024, 554, pp.121658. ⟨10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121658⟩
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Wildfires are critical socio-ecological features in the Mediterranean basin. In a context of global changes (climate, land use), we questioned whether the wildfire regime was altered in the mountains of Corsica, France. Using tree- ring analysis of fire-scarred trees, we tested for changes in frequency, seasonality, and area. We hypothesized that the fire regime changed during the middle-20th century due to human activities, as observed elsewhere in the Mediterranean. We sampled fire-scarred trees, geolocated for mapping fire areas, in a forest of black pine (Pinus nigra laricio). The oldest fire was in 1684 but the fire chronology with adequate sample depth for analysis covered 202 years [1820–1921]. Between 1820–2012, 15 fires were recorded, 8 of which scarred at least 25% of the sampled trees. The mean fire interval was 14 years, corresponding to a high fire frequency with 4 major fires per century. Most fires occurred between 1931–1970. On average, about 50% of trees were scarred by fires before 1931, but this percentage decreased thereafter. The exception was the 2000 fire that impacted 100% of living trees. Mapping showed spatially heterogenous fire areas. These results match other Mediterranean studies showing longer fire intervals since the late-20th century, and wildfires generally occurred during the period of late-earlywood or latewood formation, i.e., summer or early autumn, which is the season of contemporary fires. Although fires were recurrent for more than 200 years with no change in the fire season, the regime changed twice in frequency. These changes likely result from a combination of land use and warmer summer conditions. While pines survived most past fires of low intensity through the last large fire in the 1970’s, the severe fire of 2000, following ca 30 years of fire suppression, killed large patches of mature trees. Such chronology provides rational arguments for black pine ecosystem management, notably to consider seeking to recover the sustainable fire regime of the 19th century, for instance by using prescribed fires to manage surface fuel.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121658
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Multiproxy palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Bathonian Castelbouc sauropod tracksite (Causses Basin, southern France): insight into a Middle Jurassic insular ecosystem
auteur
Jean-David Moreau, Vincent Trincal, Benjamin Bourel, Marc Philippe, Romain Vullo, Alain Jacquet, Christophe Durlet, Marie-Béatrice Forel, Didier Néraudeau, Sylvain Charbonnier, Dahvya Belkacem
article
Geobios, 2024, 84, pp.65-82. ⟨10.1016/j.geobios.2023.12.007⟩
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We report lignitic fossil rich-beds from the Bathonian Castelbouc sauropod tracksite (Castelbouc Cave N°4, Causses Basin, southern France). Showing the co-occurrence of amber with plant, vertebrate and invertebrate remains, they are a precious tool to reconstruct Middle Jurassic dinosaur ecosystems. A multiproxy approach combining sedimentology, petrology, mineralogy and palaeontology led to determine that these fossil rich-beds were deposited in a range of insular coastal palaeoenvironments. They include protected backshore areas such as freshwater/brackish ponds and brackish bay/lagoon showing co-occurrence of terrestrial and marine inputs. The backshore environments were particularly rich in ostracods (Darwinula sp., Fabanella bathonica) and gyrogonites of charophytes (Porochara douzensis). The abundance of conifer remains including leafy axes (Brachyphyllum), cones (cf. Classostrobus), wood (Brachyoxylon) and pollen grains (Classopollis) shows that ponds and bay/lagoon were bordered by conifer-dominated forests in which Cheirolepidiaceae were the main component. Such a rich and relatively diverse flora was probably an attractive source of food for megaherbivorous dinosaurs. Vertebrate microremains mostly consist of fish scales (Ginglymodi indet.) and crocodylomorph teeth (Atoposauridae indet.), two groups that are common components of Middle Jurassic paralic faunas. The palaeobotanical assemblage suggests a warm subtropical climate probably tropophilous with marked alternation between a wet and a dry season.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.geobios.2023.12.007
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titre
Spatio-temporal dynamics of habitat use by fish in a restored alluvial floodplain over two decades
auteur
Anaëlle Bouloy, Jean-Michel Olivier, Jérémie Riquier, Emmanuel Castella, Pierre Marle, Nicolas Lamouroux
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 906, pp.167540. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167540⟩
resume
River floodplain channels can serve as reproduction, nursery or refuge areas for fish. Although the complementary use of floodplain and main channels is known, few studies attempted to quantify this use and even fewer analysed its controlling factors. The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the spatio-temporal use of floodplain habitats and to identify their roles as complementary habitats for fish and (2) to analyse how abiotic variations and their modifications under restoration impact habitat use by fish. To meet these objectives, we analysed (Principal Components Analysis and Coinertia Analysis) multi-site data collected over 20 years in eight main channels and 23 floodplain channels of eight restored sectors of the French Rhône River. Results show that habitat use by fish is mainly related to spatial effects, with 37 % of within-sector variance in taxonomic assemblages explained by the stations. As expected, rheophilic species were more abundant in lotic stations and limnophilic species in lentic ones. In addition, we identified an euryecious guild, grouping young of the year taxa (roach, gudgeon, chub, bleak) that used all types of habitats and particularly lentic floodplain channels with short life-span. Temporal effects (with ~10 % of the variance explained by years) combine (1) the effect of restoration, that increased the diversity of fish assemblages across the floodplain, with stronger changes in floodplain channels whose connectivity regime was modified, (2) the effect of high flows on fish habitat use, that reinforces the nursery and refuge functions of floodplain channels. Our results demonstrate the importance of restoring the diversity of habitats and connectivity because floodplain habitats have complementary functions for fish. Furthermore, our results also suggest to account for temporal variations in order to better estimate the potential effects of restoration on river and their floodplains.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167540
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titre
Du développement à l’effacement : les devenirs du paysage industriel de la vallée du Gier (France)
auteur
Clémentine Périnaud, Maxence Ramon, André-Marie Dendievel, Stéphane Frioux
article
Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, 2024, 101 (2/3), pp.131-156. ⟨10.4000/13adt⟩
resume
Reliant l’agglomération de Saint-Étienne à l’ouest, à la vallée du Rhône à l’est, la vallée du Gier constitue un pôle historique de l’industrie de l’acier où, à côté de quelques grands établissements hérités de la période industrielle (notamment Industeel, ex-Marrel Frères), perdure un tissu de PME-TPE dédié à la transformation des métaux. S’appuyant sur différents travaux de recherche en géographie et histoire environnementale, cet article présente les recompositions des paysages industriels de la vallée du Gier du milieu du XIXe siècle jusqu’à aujourd’hui. La désindustrialisation a conduit à de nombreuses destructions du bâti industriel qui se poursuivent. Cependant, la part relative des espaces affectés aux activités productives demeure forte dans la vallée avec un accroissement continu de leur superficie, ce qui n’empêche pas leur banalisation paysagère et sociale. Ainsi, les formes de réinvestissements économiques et urbains des espaces industriels hérités apparaissent très inégales, et rares sont les sites historiques désaffectés concernés par des programmes de valorisation patrimoniale. Les projets urbains privilégiant le réinvestissement productif y constituent à ce jour une voie privilégiée de conservation des paysages industriels hérités.
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DOI
DOI : 10.4000/13adt
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titre
Limited ecological opportunity influences the tempo of morphological evolution in birds
auteur
Jonathan P Drury, Julien Clavel, Joseph A Tobias, Jonathan Rolland, Catherine Sheard, Hélène Morlon
article
Current Biology, 2024, 34, pp.1-9. ⟨10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.055⟩
resume
According to classic models of lineage diversification and adaptive radiation, phenotypic evolution should accelerate in the context of ecological opportunity and slow down when niches become saturated.1,2 However, only weak support for these ideas has been found in nature, perhaps because most analyses make the biologically unrealistic assumption that clade members contribute equally to reducing ecological opportunity, even when they occur in different continents or specialize on different habitats and diets. To view this problem through a different lens, we adapted a new phylogenetic modeling approach that accounts for the fact that competition for ecological opportunity only occurs between species that coexist and share similar habitats and diets. Applying this method to trait data for nearly all extant species of landbirds,3 we find a widespread signature of decelerating trait evolution in lineages adapted to similar habitats or diets. The strength of this pattern was consistent across latitudes when comparing tropical and temperate assemblages. Our results provide little support for the idea that increased diversity and tighter packing of niches accentuates evolutionary slowdowns in the tropics and instead suggest that limited ecological opportunity can be an important factor determining the rate of morphological diversification at a global scale..
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.055
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titre
Both learning and syntax recognition are used by great tits when answering to mobbing calls
auteur
Ambre Salis, Jean-Paul Léna, Thierry Lengagne
article
Behavioral Ecology, 2024, 34 (6), pp.941-949. ⟨10.1093/beheco/arad061⟩
resume
Mobbing behavior, in addition to its complex cooperative aspects, is particularly suitable to study the mechanisms implicated in heterospecific communication. Indeed, various mechanisms ranging from pure learning to innate recognition have been proposed. One promising yet understudied mechanism could be syntax recognition, especially given the latest works published on syntax comprehension in birds. In this experiment, we test whether great tits use both learning and syntax recognition when responding to heterospecifics. In the first part of the experiment, we demonstrate that great tits show different responses to the same heterospecific calls depending on their sympatric status. In the second part, we explore the impact of reorganizing the notes of the heterospecific mobbing calls to fit the syntax of great tits. Great tits showed an increased mobbing response toward the heterospecific calls when they shared their own call organization. Our results corroborate the recent finding that syntactic rules in bird calls may have a strong impact on their communication systems and enlighten how various mechanisms can be used by the same species to respond to heterospecific calls.
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DOI : 10.1093/beheco/arad061
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Integration of animal movement into wildlife-vehicle collision models
auteur
Annaëlle Bénard, Thierry Lengagne, Christophe Bonenfant
article
Ecological Modelling, 2024, 492, pp.110690. ⟨10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2024.110690⟩
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Road networks have major ecological impacts on living organisms consequent to habitat loss and fragmentation, chemical and acoustic pollution, and direct mortality when wildlife-vehicle collisions are involved (WVC). The many past empirical studies revealed major variables accounting for WVC incidence (e.g., population density). Similarly, spatial locations of WVC hot-spots are associated to landscape features at large spatial scales, and to road characteristics at small spatial scales. Yet, we currently lack a comprehensive theoretical framework for WVC. Animal movement in relation to habitats is likely an essential driver of encounters with roads, but this remains largely ignored in most studies. Movement ecology now provides the necessary tools to investigate the impact of animal movement on WVC. We built a general individual-based model incorporating recent knowledge in movement ecology (movement typology: roaming, migratory route crossing a road, active attraction and active repulsion of roads) to estimate WVC risks. We explored the relative effects of animal and vehicle move- ment parameters (speed, abundance, road sinuosity and animal movement pattern) on collision probability. We show that animal behavior toward roads has major impacts on the number and risks of WVC, but also modulate the effects of other factors (animal speed, species local abundance, road traffic volume) on WVC. Sensitivity analyses show that the movement and behavior of the animal has more influence on WVC risks than any of the characteristics of roads and vehicles we tested. Our results suggest that empirical studies of WVC should incorporate knowledge about the behavioral habits of the focal species in relation to roads.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2024.110690
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Biological inhibition of denitrification (BDI): an early plant strategy for Fallopia x bohemica seedling development.
auteur
Amélie Cantarel, Aymeric Signoret, Jonathan Gervaix, Chiquita Beligon, Cédric Béraud, Christelle Boisselet, Charline Creuzé des Châtelliers, Pauline Defour, Abigaïl Delort, Elise Lacroix, Clément Lobreau, Enzo Louvez, Coralie Marais, Piola Florence
article
Annals of Botany, 2024, 133, pp.533-545. ⟨10.1093/aob/mcad174⟩
resume
Background and Aims: The successful plant Fallopia x bohemica presents interesting capacities for the control of soil nitrogen cycle at the adult stage, named the biological denitrification inhibition (BDI). BDI strategy allows the plant, through the production of secondary metabolites (procyanidins), to compete with denitrifying microbial community and to divert, to its benefit, the nitrate from soil. This study aims to analyze whether seedlings of F. x bohemica, can implement BDI at the seedling stage. We also determined whether soil nitrogen availability influence the implementation of BDI and seedling growth. Methods: We sowed achenes of F. x bohemica in soils representing a nitrogen gradient (6 treatments) and harvested seedlings after twenty and forty days of growth. The denitrification and related microbial communities (i.e., functional gene abundances of nirK and nirS), soil parameters (nitrate content and Accepted Manuscript humidity) and plant performances (biomass, growth and root morphology) were determined. Key Results: On soil without nitrogen addition, BDI was observed after twenty days of growth, whereas a stimulation of denitrification was found after forty days. The increase of soil N content had few effects on activity and structure of soil denitrifying community and on the plant biomasses or the relative growth rates. Correlations between plant and microbial parameters were observed after 20 days of growth reflecting early and strong chemical interactions between plants and denitrifying community, which decreased with plant growth after 40 days. Conclusions: This study shows that an early in the first weeks of growth, and then to a change to a root conservative strategy after 40 days. This switch to a conservative strategies involved resource storage, an altered allocation to aboveground and belowground parts and an investment in fine roots. It now seems clear that this storage strategy starts very young with an early BDI establishment, allowing this clonal plant exceptional storage and multiplication capacities.
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DOI : 10.1093/aob/mcad174
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Interactions between sediment characteristics and oxygen conditions at the sediment-water interface of reservoirs: influences on nutrient dynamics and eutrophication Authors
auteur
Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Edwige Gautreau, Lucie Pinasseau, Emma Gouze, Félix Vallier, Laurence Volatier, Géraldine Nogaro
article
Hydrobiologia, In press, ⟨10.1007/s10750-024-05508-3⟩
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Dissolved oxygen (DO) level at the sediment-water interface is one key factor controlling redox- sensitive processes such as nutrient cycling. Microcosm experiments with sediment collected from three reservoirs were performed to quantify the influences of water column oxygenation (oxic, anoxic, oxygen fluctuation), sediment characteristics (grain size distribution, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents, microbial activities) and their interactions on nutrient fluxes from sediments to the water column. Algal growth bioassays were also performed using water from the microcosms to determine which conditions produced the most favorable growth conditions. Anoxic conditions increased the release of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), mainly as ammonium and phosphates, compared to the other DO conditions. Such effects were likely due to an inhibition of the nitrification-denitrification coupling process for DIN, and a reductive dissolution of Fe (III)-oxides for phosphates. Following this increased nutrient availability, algal growth in the bioassays was the highest in water collected from microcosms exposed to anoxic conditions. Under both oxic and anoxic conditions, the percentage of fine sediment particles led to decreasing DIN and phosphates fluxes by reducing the nutrient diffusion rate from sediments to the water column. Finally, both DO and sediment grain size controlled the contribution of sediments to reservoir eutrophication.
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DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s10750-024-05508-3
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Réduction des oxydes de fer, déstockage du carbone des sols noyés, et émission de méthane par un réservoir tropical
auteur
Étienne Dambrine, J. Gaillard, V. Chanudet, R. Vigouroux, Olivier Atteia, G. van der Heijden, Fanny Colas
article
Étude et Gestion des Sols, 2024, 31, pp.141-159
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Les grands lacs artificiels créés par les barrages hydro-électriques tropicaux contribuent largement aux émissions de gaz à effets de serre (GES) par les hydrosystèmes continentaux. Bien que ces réservoirs d’eau aient noyé des sols, la minéralisation à long terme de la matière organique (MO) qu’ils contiennent est très peu documentée dans la littérature. La mise en eau du réservoir de Petit Saut en 1994 a noyé plus de 300 km2 de forêt tropicale et provoqué l'anoxie de l'hypolimnion et l’émission d’un flux considérable de GES. Après un pic en 1996-1998, les concentrations de CH4 dissous dans les eaux en sortie de barrage ont fortement diminué entre 1998 à 2005, et se sont stabilisées à un niveau faible depuis. Le parallélisme entre évolutions du fer et du méthane dissous dans les eaux en sortie de barrage suggère qu’ils proviennent de la réduction des sols noyés. La comparaison de sols témoins prélevés sous forêt en bordure de la retenue et de sols noyés depuis 25 ans montre : - Une baisse de près de 50 % de la teneur en MO des sols noyés par rapport aux sols témoins, ainsi qu’une baisse de l’indice d’hydrogène de la MO, et une augmentation de son δ13C, ce qui suggère une minéralisation rapide de la MO des sols en l’absence d’oxygène et surtout de sa fraction la plus énergétique. - Une forte corrélation entre teneurs en MO et en oxyde de fer dans les sols témoins, qui devient faible dans les sols noyés. En revanche, la faible corrélation entre Fe-oxyde et Fe-amorphe dans les sols témoins devient forte dans les sols noyés, ce qui suggère une transformation de Fe oxyde en Fe amorphe. Les taux de minéralisation de la MO des sols témoins et noyés rapportés à leur teneur en carbone, mesuré en anoxie au laboratoire, diffère peu, ce qui suggère une minéralisation continue et permanente de la MO des sols noyés. En revanche, le taux de production de méthane par les sols noyés est très faible. Les âges 14C de la MO des sols noyés, des bulles de méthane présentes dans ces sols, et du méthane dissous dans l'hypolimnion près du barrage sont proches de l'âge de la retenue. L’ensemble suggère qu’une fraction de MO réactive des sols, liée aux oxy-hydroxydes de fer, libérée par réduction et dissolution du fer lorsque les sols sont noyés, est la source à court et à long terme du méthane et d’une fraction importante des GES émis pas les réservoirs tropicaux.
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Warming drives feedback between plant phenotypes and ecosystem functioning in sub-Antarctic ponds
auteur
Pauline Douce, Laurent Simon, Fanny Colas, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, D Renault, Cécile Sulmon, Pauline Eymar-Dauphin, Roman Dubreucque, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere
article
Science of the Total Environment, 2024, Science of the Total Environment, 914, pp.169504. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169504⟩
resume
Ample evidence indicates that warming affects individuals in plant communities, ultimately threatening biodiversity. Individual plants in communities are also exposed to plant-plant interaction that may affect their performance. However, trait responses to these two constraints have usually been studied separately, while they may influence processes at the ecosystem level. In turn, these ecological modifications may impact the phenotypes of plants through nutrient availability and uptake. We developed an experimental approach based on the macrophyte communities in the ponds of the sub-Antarctic Iles Kerguelen. Individuals of the species Limosella australis were grown under different temperature × plant-plant interaction treatments to assess their trait responses and create litters with different characteristics. The litters were then decomposed in the presence of individual plants at different temperatures to examine effects on ecosystem functioning and potential feedback affecting plant trait values. Leaf resource-acquisition- and -conservation-related traits were altered in the context of temperature × plant-plant interaction. At 13 °C, SLA and leaf C:N were higher under interspecific and intraspecific interactions than without interaction, whereas at 23 °C, these traits increased under intraspecific interaction only. These effects only slightly improved the individual performance, suggesting that plant-plant interaction is an additional selective pressure on individuals in the context of climate warming. The decay rate of litter increased with the Leaf Carbon Content at 13 °C and 18 °C, but decreased at 23 °C. The highest decay rate was recorded at 18 °C. Besides, we observed evidence of positive feedback of the decay rate alone, and in interaction with the temperature, respectively on the leaf C:N and Leaf Dry Matter Content, suggesting that variations in ecological processes affect plant phenotypes. Our findings demonstrate that warming can directly and indirectly affect the evolutionary and ecological processes occurring in aquatic ecosystems through plants.
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DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169504
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Impact of Water Saturation on the Fate and Mobility of Antibiotics in Reactive Porous Geomedia
auteur
Tao Luo, Tao Chen, Wei Cheng, Laurent Lassabatère, Jean-François Boily, Khalil Hanna
article
Environmental Science and Technology, 2024, 58 (35), pp.15827-15835. ⟨10.1021/acs.est.4c06222⟩
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Understanding contaminant transport through unsaturated porous media is a considerable challenge, given the complex interplay of nonlinear physical and biogeochemical processes driven by variations in water saturation. In this study, we tackled this challenge through a series of column experiments involving fine (100-300 μm) and coarse (1.0-1.4 mm) sand particles coated with birnessite (MnO2) under variable saturation degrees. Dynamic flow experiments in sand columns revealed that desaturation altered the ability of MnO2 in removing tetracycline (TTC), a redox-active antibiotic, yet the effect depends on the sand type and then on the saturation degree. Moderate saturation degrees in fine-grained sand columns promoted fractional and preferential water flow which favored a more acidic pH and increased dissolved oxygen levels. These conditions enhanced TTC removal, despite the reduced physical accessibility of reactive phases. In contrast, lower saturation degrees in coarse-grained sand columns induced stronger flow heterogeneity with a very small fraction of the water content participating in flow. The mobility behavior of all the columns was predicted using transport models that consider TTC adsorption and transformation, as well as dual porosity under variable water saturation degrees. This research offers valuable insights into predicting the fate and transport of redox-active contaminants in unsaturated soils and subsurface environments.
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DOI : 10.1021/acs.est.4c06222
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Assessing changes in global fire regimes
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Sayedeh Sara Sayedi, Benjamin Abbott, Boris Vannière, Bérangère Leys, Daniele Colombaroli, Graciela Gil Romera, Michał Słowiński, Julie Aleman, Olivier Blarquez, Angelica Feurdean, Kendrick Brown, Tuomas Aakala, Teija Alenius, Kathryn Allen, Maja Andric, Yves Bergeron, Siria Biagioni, Richard Bradshaw, Laurent Bremond, Elodie Brisset, Joseph Brooks, Sandra Brugger, Thomas Brussel, Haidee Cadd, Eleonora Cagliero, Christopher Carcaillet, Vachel Carter, Filipe Catry, Antoine Champreux, Emeline Chaste, Raphaël Daniel Chavardès, Melissa Chipman, Marco Conedera, Simon Connor, Mark Constantine, Colin Courtney Mustaphi, Abraham Dabengwa, William Daniels, Erik de Boer, Elisabeth Dietze, Joan Estrany, Paulo Fernandes, Walter Finsinger, Suzette Flantua, Paul Fox-Hughes, Dorian Gaboriau, Eugenia M.Gayo, Martin. Girardin, Jeffrey Glenn, Ramesh Glückler, Catalina González-Arango, Mariangelica Groves, Douglas Hamilton, Rebecca Jenner Hamilton, Stijn Hantson, K. Anggi Hapsari, Mark Hardiman, Donna Hawthorne, Kira Hoffman, Jun Inoue, Allison Karp, Patrik Krebs, Charuta Kulkarni, Niina Kuosmanen, Terri Lacourse, Marie-Pierre Ledru, Marion Lestienne, Colin Long, José Antonio López-Sáez, Nicholas Loughlin, Mats Niklasson, Javier Madrigal, S. Yoshi Maezumi, Katarzyna Marcisz, Michela Mariani, David Mcwethy, Grant Meyer, Chiara Molinari, Encarni Montoya, Scott Mooney, Cesar Morales-Molino, Jesse Morris, Patrick Moss, Imma Oliveras, José Miguel Pereira, Gianni Boris Pezzatti, Nadine Pickarski, Roberta Pini, Emma Rehn, Cécile Remy, Jordi Revelles, Damien Rius, Vincent Robin, Yanming Ruan, Natalia Rudaya, Jeremy Russell-Smith, Heikki Seppä, Lyudmila Shumilovskikh, William T.Sommers, Çağatay Tavşanoğlu, Charles Umbanhowar, Erickson Urquiaga, Dunia Urrego, Richard Vachula, Tuomo Wallenius, Chao You, Anne-Laure Daniau
article
Fire Ecology, 2024, 20 (1), pp.18. ⟨10.1186/s42408-023-00237-9⟩
resume
Background The global human footprint has fundamentally altered wildfire regimes, creating serious consequences for human health, biodiversity, and climate. However, it remains difficult to project how long-term interactions among land use, management, and climate change will affect fire behavior, representing a key knowledge gap for sustainable management. We used expert assessment to combine opinions about past and future fire regimes from 99 wildfire researchers. We asked for quantitative and qualitative assessments of the frequency, type, and implications of fire regime change from the beginning of the Holocene through the year 2300. Results Respondents indicated some direct human influence on wildfire since at least ~ 12,000 years BP, though natural climate variability remained the dominant driver of fire regime change until around 5,000 years BP, for most study regions. Responses suggested a ten-fold increase in the frequency of fire regime change during the last 250 years compared with the rest of the Holocene, corresponding first with the intensification and extensification of land use and later with anthropogenic climate change. Looking to the future, fire regimes were predicted to intensify, with increases in frequency, severity, and size in all biomes except grassland ecosystems. Fire regimes showed different climate sensitivities across biomes, but the likelihood of fire regime change increased with higher warming scenarios for all biomes. Biodiversity, carbon storage, and other ecosystem services were predicted to decrease for most biomes under higher emission scenarios. We present recommendations for adaptation and mitigation under emerging fire regimes, while recognizing that management options are constrained under higher emission scenarios. Conclusion The influence of humans on wildfire regimes has increased over the last two centuries. The perspective gained from past fires should be considered in land and fire management strategies, but novel fire behavior is likely given the unprecedented human disruption of plant communities, climate, and other factors. Future fire regimes are likely to degrade key ecosystem services, unless climate change is aggressively mitigated. Expert assessment complements empirical data and modeling, providing a broader perspective of fire science to inform decision making and future research priorities.
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DOI : 10.1186/s42408-023-00237-9
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Trophic differentiation between the endemic Cypriot mouse and the house mouse: a study coupling stable isotopes and morphometrics
auteur
Sabrina Renaud, Emilie Hardouin, Eleftherios Hadjisterkotis, George Mitsainas, Maï Bergmann, Eloïse François, François Fourel, Laurent Simon
article
Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2024, 31 (4), pp.44. ⟨10.1007/s10914-024-09740-5⟩
resume
Two cryptic species of mice coexist on Cyprus: the introduced house mouse and the endemic Cypriot mouse, that remained unnoticed until the beginning of the 21 st century. Their trophic position was investigated using isotopic ecology. The shape and biomechanics of the mandible provided a complementary insight into their respective diets. The Cypriot mouse exhibits generalist habits relying on various natural food resources, including invertebrates, while the house mouse exploits a broad spectrum of anthropic food resources. The Cypriot mouse has a large mandible optimized for chewing at the molars that facilitates consumption of large and hard food items presumably abundant in the natural vegetation of Cyprus. The small mandible size of the house mouse is compensated by a large masseter area and an optimization for incisor biting, making it an all-rounder tool for foraging on diverse non-natural items. This fine-tuning of generalist feeding behavior ensures efficient niche partitioning between the two species on Cyprus.
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DOI : 10.1007/s10914-024-09740-5
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A collaborative backbone resource for comparative studies of subterranean evolution: The World Asellidae database
auteur
Nathanaelle Saclier, Louis Duchemin, Lara Konecny-Dupré, Philippe Grison, David Eme, Chloé Martin, Cécile Callou, Tristan Lefébure, Clémentine François, Colin Issartel, Julian Lewis, Fabio Stoch, Boris Sket, Sanja Gottstein, Teo Delić, Maja Zagmajster, Michal Grabowski, Dieter Weber, Ana Sofia P. S. Reboleira, Dmitry Palatov, Kaloust Paragamian, Lee Knight, Georges Michel, Francois Lefebvre, Mohammad‐javad Malek Hosseini, Ana Camacho, Begoña Gartzia de Bikuña, Amina Taleb, Nouria Belaidi, Raoul Tuekam Kayo, Diana Maria Paola Galassi, Oana Teodora Moldovan, Christophe Douady, Florian Malard
article
Molecular Ecology Resources, 2024, 24 (1), ⟨10.1111/1755-0998.13882⟩
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Abstract Transition to novel environments, such as groundwater colonization by surface organisms, provides an excellent research ground to study phenotypic evolution. However, interspecific comparative studies on evolution to groundwater life are few because of the challenge in assembling large ecological and molecular resources for species‐rich taxa comprised of surface and subterranean species. Here, we make available to the scientific community an operational set of working tools and resources for the Asellidae, a family of freshwater isopods containing hundreds of surface and subterranean species. First, we release the World Asellidae database (WAD) and its web application, a sustainable and FAIR solution to producing and sharing data and biological material. WAD provides access to thousands of species occurrences, specimens, DNA extracts and DNA sequences with rich metadata ensuring full scientific traceability. Second, we perform a large‐scale dated phylogenetic reconstruction of Asellidae to support phylogenetic comparative analyses. Of 424 terminal branches, we identify 34 pairs of surface and subterranean species representing independent replicates of the transition from surface water to groundwater. Third, we exemplify the usefulness of WAD for documenting phenotypic shifts associated with colonization of subterranean habitats. We provide the first phylogenetically controlled evidence that body size of males decreases relative to that of females upon groundwater colonization, suggesting competition for rare receptive females selects for smaller, more agile males in groundwater. By making these tools and resources widely accessible, we open up new opportunities for exploring how phenotypic traits evolve in response to changes in selective pressures and trade‐offs during groundwater colonization.
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DOI : 10.1111/1755-0998.13882
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Mise en place des tourbières alcalines et modifications de la dynamique fluviatile dans la moyenne vallée de la Somme (France) à l’Holocène
auteur
Chloé Garcia, Pierre Antoine, Thierry Ducrocq, Jérémy Bacon, Léa Beaumont, Sylvie Coutard, Julie Dabkowski, Boris Brasseur
article
Quaternaire, 2024, 35 (2), pp.63-83. ⟨10.4000/124eu⟩
resume
The Holocene sequences in the valley bottoms of the Somme basin are characterised by the presence of thick peat formations (to 10 m). In the 1990s, the main stages of the valley bottoms evolution were reconstructed during a programme of systematic study of the sedimentary sequences of the river Somme, parallel to archaeological excavations which led to the discovery of numerous Mesolithic sites. However, few radiocarbon dates had been obtained and no complete stratigraphic transect of the Somme valley downstream of Amiens had been carried out. In addition, the mid-valley sector (≈1 km wide), where modern research has just begun, is characterised by the presence of a thick calcareous tufa (>6 m), sinuous and rising a few metres above the present valley floor. The aim of the recent research is to integrate the existing stratigraphic data, in particularly from the Acon valley (tributary), into a new stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental study on the scale of the valley, and to provide a geochronological framework (radiocarbon dating) and chemicophysical analyses of the main facies. According to this new work, two phases of peat development have been identified: during the Allerød interstadial and from the beginning of the Early Holocene to the second half of the Middle Holocene. Two main incision periods have also been dated: Early (~ 11,7 ka cal BP), and Middle Holocene (~ 6,6 ka cal BP), the second could have resulted in the calcareous tufa sedimented in a small, shallow channel. In contrast to the observations in the upper valley, the absence of peat accumulation after the Middle Holocene associated with the strong prominence of the calcareous tufa channel may be the result of a lowering of the water table, peat degradation and human activities since the last incision.
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DOI : 10.4000/124eu
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Ionizing radiation exposure effects across multiple generations: evidence and lessons from non-human biota
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Shayenthiran Sreetharan, Sandrine Frelon, Nele Horemans, Patrick Laloi, Sisko Salomaa, Christelle Adam-Guillermin
article
International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2024, 100 (9), pp.1312-1329. ⟨10.1080/09553002.2023.2281512⟩
resume
A Task Group (TG121) of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Committee 1 was launched in 2021 to study the effects of ionizing radiation in offspring and next generations. In this report, we summarize the evidence of multi- and trans-generational effects in non-human biota species that was discussed at the ICRP workshop entitled “Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure in Offspring and Next Generations” in June 2022. Epigenetic changes, includ- ing changes in DNA methylation, have been observed in trans- and multi-generational irradiation studies in both plants and animals. There were also reports of changes in offspring survival and reproduction. The reported evidence for altered reproduction is an area of potential concern, due to possible effects at the population or ecosystem level. Different considerations are also discussed regarding non-human biota data, such as transferability of data between different species or extending knowledge to humans, differences in species radiosensitivity, the presence of adaptive responses, and dose reconstruction for exposures that occur across multiple generations. Overall, there is a diverse range of available data of the effects in non-human biota, and it will require careful consideration when incorporating this evidence into the system of radiological protection of humans and of the environment.
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DOI : 10.1080/09553002.2023.2281512
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Functional convergence underground? The scale‐dependency of community assembly processes in European cave spiders
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Stefano Mammola, Caio Graco-Roza, Francesco Ballarin, Thomas Hesselberg, Marco Isaia, Enrico Lunghi, Samuel Mouron, Martina Pavlek, Marco Tolve, Pedro Cardoso
article
Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2024, 33, pp.e13840. ⟨10.1111/geb.13840⟩
resume
Aim: Quantifying the relative contribution of environmental filtering versus limiting similarity in shaping communities is challenging because these processes often act simultaneously and their effect is scale‐dependent. Focusing on caves, island‐like natural laboratories with limited environmental variability and species diversity, we tested: (i) the relative contribution of environmental filtering and limiting similarity in determining community assembly in caves; (ii) how the relative contribution of these driving forces changes along environmental gradients. Location Europe. Time period Present. Major taxa studied Subterranean spiders. Methods: We used data on distribution and traits for European cave spiders ( n = 475 communities). We estimated the trait space of each community using probabilistic hypervolumes, and obtained estimations of functional richness independent of the species richness of each community via null modelling. We model functional diversity change along environmental gradients using generalized dissimilarity modelling. Results: Sixty‐three percent of subterranean spider communities exhibited a prevalence of trait underdispersion. However, most communities displayed trait dispersion that did not depart significantly from random, suggesting that environmental filtering and limiting similarity were both exerting equally weak or strong, yet opposing influences. Overdispersed communities were primarily concentrated in southern latitudes, particularly in the Dinaric karst, where there is greater subterranean habitat availability. Pairwise comparisons of functional richness across caves revealed these effects to be strongly scale‐dependent, largely varying across gradients of cave development, elevation, precipitation, entrance size and annual temperature range. Conversely, geographical distance weakly affected trait composition, suggesting convergence in traits among communities that are far apart. Main conclusions: Even systems with stringent environmental conditions maintain the potential for trait differentiation, especially in areas of greater habitat availability. Yet, the relative influence of environmental filtering and limiting similarity change with scale, along clear environmental gradients. The interplay of these processes may explain the assembly of species‐poor subterranean communities displaying high functional specialization.
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DOI : 10.1111/geb.13840
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titre
TEM and EDS characterization in a Bennettitalean cuticle from the Lower Cretaceous Springhill Formation, Argentina
auteur
Gaëtan Guignard, Martín Carrizo, Maiten Lafuente Diaz, Georgina del Fueyo
article
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2024, 320, pp.105005. ⟨10.1016/j.revpalbo.2023.105005⟩
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New cuticle samples from the bennettitalean Ptilophyllum eminelidarum were herein studied using the combi- nation of light microscopy (LM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), and element analysis by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The new TEM studies correspond with and improve the former ones; however, statistical measurements reinforce their uniqueness and erect Bennettitales as a hetero- geneous group of cuticles. Six types of cuticles were recognized. According to the factorial component analysis (FCA), the cuticles of the stomatal apparatus show the highest level of interest, while the epidermal cell cuticles, the lowest. For the 9 variables, the top 6 as to importance were the most independent, which could be used as criteria for identification in Bennettitales. A dichotomous key was built, allowing for a rapid identification of each of the 6 types of cuticles based on the 9 variables. Showcasing an upper cuticle significantly thicker and more exposed, and a thinner lower cuticle that is normally more protected, the micropalaeoenvironment of these leaves is of interest. The taxonomical identity of the present taxon is also revealed by the EDS values; S/Ca ratio is homogeneous for all layers of both cuticles, leading to assume, with extreme precaution, a putative similar in- fluence of the palaeoenvironment on these two opposite surfaces of the leaf. As the first detailed statistical TEM and EDS for the Bennettitales, it highlights the great interest of this type of studies and the strong interest for revealing the characters of each type of cuticle and layer.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2023.105005
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https://hal.science/hal-04465188/file/pre-proof%20Guignard%20et%20al%202024.pdf BibTex
titre
Influence of climate, physical and chemical variables on the taxonomic and functional responses of macroinvertebrate communities in tropical island rivers
auteur
Chevelie Cinéas, Sylvain Dolédec
article
Hydrobiologia, 2024, 851, pp.3735-3754. ⟨10.1007/s10750-024-05532-3⟩
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Rivers of tropical islands formed by vol- canic eruptions experience unpredictable and heavy rainfall and are characterised by irregular topogra- phy. During the 2019 and 2020 low-water season, we investigated the responses of benthic macroinver- tebrate assemblages to variations in local environ- mental conditions in four rivers located in areas of different rainfall intensity. We found that changes in local environmental conditions associated with lower rainfall intensity reduced abundance and taxonomic richness and modified taxonomic composition but did not impact the balance of functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrate communities amongst streams, except for piercer herbivores. Heterotrophy associated with substrate instability and autotrophy with a more stable substrate co-occurred in semi-arid climate riv- ers. In contrast, a change from heterotrophy upstream to autotrophy and substrate stability downstream was apparent in the two humid rivers studied. Sur- rogates of stream ecosystem function revealed a very low ratio of coarse to fine particulate organic mat- ter related to the quasi-absence of shredders in these streams and suggested a low allochthonous input con- tribution, which could be the result of the 5% decline in forest cover over the two past decades.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s10750-024-05532-3
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https://hal.science/hal-04553112/file/Cineas%20et%20al.%20AcceptedManuscript.pdf BibTex
titre
Study of avian migration patterns using stable isotope analysis in the Galite Archipelago, Tunisia
auteur
Hsan Ben Jamaa, Said Nouira, François Fourel, Ilham Bentaleb
article
Turkish Journal of Zoology, 2024, 48, pp.327 - 335. ⟨10.55730/1300-0179.3187⟩
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This research employed stable isotope analysis to investigate the migratory patterns and geographic origins of Eleonora's falcon (Falco eleonorae) and its associated prey species within the Galite Archipelago of Tunisia. Feathers collected from both juvenile and adult falcons along with their prey were analyzed for deuterium isotopic composition using the IsoriX package in R, which facilitated geographic assignment based on stable isotope ratios. The results demonstrated no significant difference in deuterium values (δ 2 H) between adult and juvenile individuals of Eleonora's falcon, indicating a lack of geographic variation in molting locations among different age groups. However, the isotopic data for adult falcons yielded unexpected results, suggesting origins close to the sampling site, which contradicted the anticipated patterns of migration to distant wintering grounds. Furthermore, this study successfully mapped the origins of various prey species, indicating a broad geographic intake ranging from the Mediterranean to southern Scandinavia. These findings highlight the complexity of migratory behaviors in predatory birds and underscore the efficacy of stable isotope analysis as a tool for ecological research in avian migration studies.
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Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.55730/1300-0179.3187
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https://hal.science/hal-04955278/file/Ben%20Jemaaetam2024-Study%20of%20avian%20migration%20patterns%20using%20stable%20isotope%20analysis%20i.pdf BibTex
titre
Relative divergence of mobbing calls and songs structures in passerine birds
auteur
Mylène Dutour, Thierry Lengagne, Jean-Paul Léna
article
Journal of Ornithology, 2024, 165 (1), pp.217-229. ⟨10.1007/s10336-023-02101-8⟩
resume
Divergence and convergence in acoustic signals may be driven by different processes. Uncertainty about which of these processes best explains the patterns of acoustic variation between species has fuelled a long-standing debate in evolutionary biology. In particular, the features of acoustic signals are expected to vary according to their functional support. To compare the relative divergence of vocalizations according to their function, we examine two types of signals within 23 bird species, whilst controlling for species size, phylogeny and within-species variation: (i) mobbing calls emitted to recruit both conspecifics and heterospecifics against a predator and (ii) territorial songs, a signal playing an important role in sexual and social communication. We found that divergence of acoustic features varies according to their function (mobbing calls vs. territorial songs). Furthermore, species size influences spectral features, while phylogeny explained acoustic variation in only one of the variables measured: note richness. Finally, our results reveal that the acoustic characteristics can vary greatly within species, regardless of the vocalization type, indicating that such variations cannot be ignored when performing comparative analyses across species.
typdoc
Journal articles
DOI
DOI : 10.1007/s10336-023-02101-8
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https://hal.science/hal-04552644/file/Dutour%20et%20al.%202024.pdf BibTex